University of Balamand

The University of Balamand (UOB, Arabic: جامعة البلمند) is a private university in El-Koura, northern Lebanon, founded in February 1988 by Patriarch Ignatius IV of Antioch and affiliated with the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch while operating as a quasi-secular institution.巴拉曼大学（University of Balamand，阿拉伯语 جامعة البلمند，简称 UOB）是黎巴嫩北部库拉地区的一所私立大学，由安条克宗主教伊格纳提乌斯四世于 1988 年 2 月创办，隶属安条克希腊正教会，但以近乎世俗的方式运作。

It enrols more than 5,500 students in nine faculties, offers 67 majors and has awarded degrees to 26,340 graduates, with 10.4 per cent of students coming from outside Lebanon.该校九个学院共有 5,500 余名学生，开设 67 个专业，累计授予 26,340 名毕业生学位，其中国际学生占 10.4%。

UOB is placed in the 1001-1200 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027 and ranks 57th in the QS Arab Region Rankings, while it did not enter the Times Higher Education 2027, U.S. News 2026-2027 or ARWU 2026 main tables.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列 1001-1200 区间，在 QS 阿拉伯地区排名中列第 57 位，但未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育、US News 2026-2027 与 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜。

History

• The Monastery of Balamand was founded by Cistercian monks in the twelfth century on a hill about three hundred metres above sea level, overlooking the coastal plain southeast of Tripoli.巴拉曼修道院由西多会修士于十二世纪创建，坐落在一座海拔约三百米的山丘上，俯瞰的黎波里东南方的沿海平原。
• By the nineteenth century the monastery had become a centre of learning in North Lebanon and housed the first printing press in the country, a heritage the university cites as its intellectual foundation.到十九世纪，这座修道院已成为黎巴嫩北部的学术中心，并设有该国第一台印刷机，校方把这一遗产视为其智识根基，这一印刷传统也使巴拉曼在黎巴嫩出版史上占有独特位置。
• The Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts (ALBA) was founded in 1936 as the country's first national institution of higher education in the arts and became part of the university at its creation.黎巴嫩美术学院（ALBA）创办于 1936 年，是该国第一所国立的艺术高等教育机构，并在大学创办时并入其中。
• The Saint John of Damascus Institute of Theology was founded in 1970 as an independent Orthodox theological school and became one of the three founding faculties of the university in 1988.圣约翰·达马斯库斯神学研究所于 1970 年作为独立的东正教神学院成立，1988 年成为大学的三所创始学院之一。
• Between 1983 and 1987, during the Lebanese Civil War, Patriarch Ignatius IV and the Orthodox Antiochian committee developed the concept of a university serving Christians and Muslims alike.1983 至 1987 年黎巴嫩内战期间，伊格纳提乌斯四世宗主教与安条克东正教委员会逐步形成创办一所同时服务基督徒与穆斯林的大学的构想，把教育视为超越教派分歧的共同事业与长久承诺。
• In February 1988 the Patriarch founded the University of Balamand on land beside the historic monastery, with a pledge of 480,000 square metres for the campus.1988 年 2 月，宗主教在历史修道院旁的土地上创办巴拉曼大学，并为校园争取到 48 万平方米的用地承诺。
• Decree 4885 of 4 June 1988 formally established the university with a Faculty of Arts and Humanities, a higher institute of Orthodox theology and the incorporated ALBA.1988 年 6 月 4 日的第 4885 号法令正式设立该校，包括人文学院、东正教高等研究所以及并入的黎巴嫩美术学院，三者在同一法律框架下组成最初的学术支柱。
• The university opened its doors with three faculties to a few hundred students and a handful of professors, and a Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences was created to meet the requirements of Lebanese law.大学开办时仅设三个学院，招收数百名学生，只有少数教授，并按黎巴嫩法律要求增设了人文与社会科学学院，这一架构保留了修道院与美术学院两条教育脉络。
• In the same year the Patriarch appointed a board of trustees, which elected Dr. George Tomeh, a philosopher, diplomat and professor at the American University of Beirut, as the first president.同年，宗主教任命董事会，董事会推选哲学家、外交家兼贝鲁特美国大学教授乔治·托梅博士为首任校长。
• In 1990 Ghassan Tueini, a leading Lebanese statesman and publisher of al-Nahar newspaper, succeeded Tomeh and managed the university alongside his editorial responsibilities.1990 年，黎巴嫩重要政治家、《白天报》发行人加桑·图韦尼接替托梅，在主持报务的同时管理大学。
• In 1993 the board appointed Dr. Elie A. Salem as full-time president, and he served for twenty-five years until his retirement in 2018.1993 年，董事会任命埃利·A·萨勒姆博士为全职校长，他任职二十五年，直至 2018 年退休。
• Decree 9278 of 5 October 1996 created the Faculty of Engineering, the Faculty of Sciences, the Faculty of Business Administration and the Faculty of Public Health.1996 年 10 月 5 日的第 9278 号法令创设工程学院、科学学院、工商管理学院与公共卫生学院。
• Decree 1946 of 21 December 1999 established the Saint George Faculty of Medical Specialties and a university institute of technology, extending the university into postgraduate clinical training.1999 年 12 月 21 日的第 1946 号法令设立圣乔治医学专科学院与一所大学技术学院，把学校延伸至研究生临床培训。
• Decree 4112 of 17 October 2000 created the Faculty of Medicine, completing the sequence of health faculties that now includes medicine, health sciences and postgraduate medical education.2000 年 10 月 17 日的第 4112 号法令创设医学院，完成了如今涵盖医学、健康科学与毕业后医学教育的健康学科序列。
• In 2004 the university adopted a master plan prepared by the Sasaki Corporation of Boston, which organised the hill campus around the monastery and set the framework for later construction.2004 年，该校采用波士顿 Sasaki 公司编制的总体规划，以修道院为中心组织山丘校园，并为后续建设设定框架。
• In 2010 the board approved a Strategic Plan for 2010-2020 that guided academic growth, campus expansion and the development of the medical centre.2010 年，董事会通过《2010 至 2020 年战略规划》，指导学术发展、校园扩建与医疗中心建设。
• By 2014 the implementation of the master plan on the Balamand hill was proceeding steadily, with new academic buildings added around the historic monastery.到 2014 年，巴拉曼山丘上的总体规划稳步实施，历史修道院周边陆续增建教学建筑。
• In October 2018 Dr. Elias Warrak, an ophthalmologist trained at the American University of Beirut and the University of Texas, succeeded Salem as president.2018 年 10 月，曾在贝鲁特美国大学与德克萨斯大学受训的眼科医生埃利亚斯·瓦拉克博士接替萨勒姆出任校长。
• The university now reports five campuses across Lebanon, including its main site on the Balamand hill in Al Koura, plus Dekwaneh in Beirut, Beino in Akkar and Souk El Gharb in Aley.该校目前在黎巴嫩境内报告设有五个校区，其中包括库拉地区巴拉曼山丘的主校区，以及贝鲁特代克瓦内、阿卡尔地区贝诺与阿莱地区苏克加尔卜等校点，各校区形成相对独立的教学与生活社区。
• By October 2024 the university reported more than 5,500 enrolled students, 67 majors and 26,340 graduates since its foundation.截至 2024 年 10 月，该校报告在读学生超过 5,500 人，开设 67 个专业，自建校以来累计培养 26,340 名毕业生。
• A new teaching hospital, the University of Balamand Medical Center, is under construction to consolidate clinical training and regional health services on the Al Koura campus.一座新的教学医院——巴拉曼大学医疗中心——正在建设，以把临床教学与地区卫生服务集中于库拉校区。

Academics

• UOB is organised into nine faculties that cover arts and sciences, business, engineering, health sciences, medicine, theology, fine arts and technology.巴拉曼大学由九个学院组成，涵盖文理、商学、工程、健康科学、医学、神学、美术与技术等领域，从东正教神学与美术训练一直延伸到临床医学与工程技术，学院之下再设系与研究所，形成完整层级。
• The Lebanese Academy of Fine Arts (ALBA), founded in 1936, teaches visual arts, architecture, cinema, graphic design and restoration and is based at the Dekwaneh campus.黎巴嫩美术学院（ALBA）创办于 1936 年，教授视觉艺术、建筑、电影、平面设计与修复，院址设在代克瓦内校区。
• The Saint John of Damascus Institute of Theology, founded in 1970, teaches Orthodox theology in Arabic, English and Spanish and is one of the university's founding institutions.圣约翰·达马斯库斯神学研究所成立于 1970 年，以阿拉伯语、英语与西班牙语教授东正教神学，是该校的创始机构之一。
• The Faculty of Arts and Sciences offers programmes in the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences and was created at the university's foundation to satisfy Lebanese degree regulations.人文与科学学院开设人文、社会科学与自然科学课程，在建校时依黎巴嫩学位法规而设立。
• The language of instruction varies by faculty, with English used in business, science, engineering and health, French and English at ALBA, and Arabic, English and Spanish in theology.各学院授课语言不同：商学、科学、工程与健康学科以英语为主，黎巴嫩美术学院使用法语与英语，神学则使用阿拉伯语、英语与西班牙语。
• The Faculty of Business and Management and the School of Tourism and Hotel Management teach business, economics, tourism and hospitality, and the tourism school prepares students for Lebanon's hospitality and travel sector.工商管理学院与旅游酒店管理学院教授商学、经济学、旅游与酒店管理，旅游学院为黎巴嫩的酒店与旅游行业培养人才。
• The Faculty of Engineering offers civil, electrical, computer and mechanical engineering, and the Issam M. Fares Institute of Technology teaches applied and vocational technology at Beino in Akkar.工程学院开设土木、电气、计算机与机械工程，伊萨姆·M·法雷斯技术学院则在阿卡尔地区的贝诺教授应用与职业技术。
• The Faculty of Sciences teaches biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics and computer science, supporting the medical and engineering faculties with laboratory instruction.科学学院教授生物、化学、数学、物理与计算机科学，并通过实验室教学支撑医学与工程学院。
• The Faculty of Health Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences together cover nursing, public health, laboratory sciences, medicine and biomedical research.健康科学学院与医学及医学科学院共同覆盖护理、公共卫生、检验科学、医学与生物医学研究。
• The Faculty of Postgraduate Medical Education coordinates residency and specialisation programmes, including the 29 medical specialty degrees reported in 2024, while the medical faculty runs an early assurance track for school leavers.毕业后医学教育学院协调住院医师与专科培训项目，包括 2024 年报告的 29 个医学专科学位，医学院另为中学毕业生开设提前录取通道。
• UOB offers 67 majors, 58 undergraduate degrees, 57 graduate degrees, 29 medical specialty degrees and 14 teaching diplomas, according to its October 2024 figures.根据 2024 年 10 月的数据，该校开设 67 个专业、58 个本科学位、57 个研究生学位、29 个医学专科学位与 14 个教学文凭项目，学科覆盖面在黎巴嫩北部私立高校中较为完整。
• Total enrolment exceeds 5,500 students, 10.4 per cent of them international, and 3,479 students have received scholarships.全校在读学生超过 5,500 人，其中国际学生占 10.4%，已有 3,479 名学生获得奖学金。
• The university employs 1,177 faculty members and about 300 administrative staff across its nine faculties and five campuses.该校在九个学院与五个校区共聘有 1,177 名教师与约 300 名行政人员。
• Its research and outreach units include the UOB Press, the UOBScholar Hub and the Climate Diplomacy and Sustainable Peace Hub.该校的研究与外联单位包括巴拉曼大学出版社、UOBScholar 学术平台以及气候外交与可持续和平中心，覆盖出版、数据共享与政策研究。
• International academic relations include Erasmus Mundus, T-MEDA, EMPODAT, ADIP, IDEAL, TLQAA, OIPULES, SF-HEAT, SLACE and LEPAC projects with European and Mediterranean partners.该校的国际学术关系包括与欧洲及地中海伙伴开展的 Erasmus Mundus、T-MEDA、EMPODAT、ADIP、IDEAL、TLQAA、OIPULES、SF-HEAT、SLACE 与 LEPAC 等项目，这些合作把学校纳入欧洲与地中海的学术网络。
• UOB Press publishes scholarly and literary titles, while the university library and the UOBScholar Hub provide digital access to theses, research outputs and archival collections.巴拉曼大学出版社出版学术与文学著作，大学图书馆与 UOBScholar 平台则提供论文、研究成果与档案藏品的数字访问。
• Clinical teaching is delivered with the Saint George Hospital University Medical Center and regional health institutions, and the new medical centre on the Al Koura campus will add a university-run teaching hospital.临床教学与圣乔治医院大学医疗中心及地区卫生机构合作开展，库拉校区新建的医疗中心将增添一所大学自营的教学医院。

Campus

• The main campus occupies the Balamand hill about ten kilometres south of Tripoli, one kilometre east of the Mediterranean and seventy kilometres north of Beirut, linked to Tripoli by the coastal highway.主校区位于巴拉曼山丘，在的黎波里以南约十公里、地中海以东一公里、贝鲁特以北七十公里处，经沿海公路与的黎波里相连，并与修道院共享同一片历史地景。
• The campus is adjacent to the twelfth-century Monastery of Balamand, and the original land pledge covered 480,000 square metres of hillside overlooking the coastal plain.校园紧邻十二世纪的巴拉曼修道院，最初承诺的用地为 48 万平方米的山坡地，俯瞰沿海平原。
• The Al Koura campus is the university's administrative and academic heart, hosting the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, the Faculty of Engineering, the Faculty of Sciences and the central library.库拉校区是该校的行政与学术核心，设有人文与科学学院、工程学院、科学学院以及中央图书馆。
• The Dekwaneh campus in Beirut hosts ALBA, the Faculty of Health Sciences, the Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, the Faculty of Postgraduate Medical Education and the Saint George teaching hospital partnership.贝鲁特代克瓦内校区设有黎巴嫩美术学院、健康科学学院、医学及医学科学院、毕业后医学教育学院，并与圣乔治教学医院合作。
• The Beino campus in Akkar hosts the Issam M. Fares Institute of Technology, extending the university's applied technology teaching to the northern border region.阿卡尔地区的贝诺校区设有伊萨姆·M·法雷斯技术学院，把应用技术教学延伸至北部边境地区。
• The Souk El Gharb campus in Aley serves students in the Mount Lebanon area and complements the northern and Beirut sites.阿莱地区的苏克加尔卜校区服务黎巴嫩山地区的学生，与北部及贝鲁特校区互为补充。
• The 2004 master plan by Sasaki Corporation of Boston organised the hill campus around the monastery, with new academic buildings, student housing and sports facilities added in phases.2004 年由波士顿 Sasaki 公司编制的总体规划以修道院为中心组织山丘校园，并分阶段增建教学建筑、学生宿舍与体育设施。
• The University of Balamand Medical Center, under construction on the Al Koura campus, is planned as a teaching hospital serving the university and the surrounding region.正在库拉校区建设的巴拉曼大学医疗中心规划为教学医院，服务大学与周边地区。

Reputation

• UOB is placed in the 1001-1200 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, a tied interval in the global table.巴拉曼大学在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列 1001-1200 区间，属于全球榜单中的并列区间。
• It ranks 57th in the QS Arab Region Rankings, a regional table that assesses institutions across the Arab world on teaching, research, internationalisation and graduate employability.该校在 QS 阿拉伯地区排名中列第 57 位，该地区榜单从教学、科研、国际化与毕业生就业力等维度评估阿拉伯世界的高校。
• It was placed in the 1201-1250 band of the QS Sustainability Ranking, a separate table scoring environmental, social and governance impact.该校在 QS 可持续发展排名中处于 1201-1250 区间，该榜单单独评估环境、社会与治理影响，与以学术声誉为重的世界大学排名形成互补。
• QS records a downward trajectory from 501-510 in 2021 and 511-520 in 2022 to 531-540 in 2023, 801-850 in 2024 and 1001-1200 in 2026 and 2027.QS 记录显示该校排名从 2021 年的 501-510、2022 年的 511-520 降至 2023 年的 531-540、2024 年的 801-850，并在 2026 与 2027 年处于 1001-1200 区间。
• The 2027 QS profile gives UOB scores of 50.1 for faculty-student ratio, 22.6 for international students, 21.7 for international research network, 19.6 for employer reputation and 8.1 for academic reputation.2027 年 QS 档案给该校的评分为师生比 50.1、国际学生 22.6、国际研究网络 21.7、雇主声誉 19.6、学术声誉 8.1。
• It did not enter the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, and its absence from that table is stated here rather than inferred from other rankings.该校未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，本文明确说明这一缺席，而不以其他榜单推断其位置。
• It also did not enter the U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 list or the Shanghai ARWU 2026 main table, so the QS tables and the Arab Region ranking provide its main external benchmarks.该校同样未进入 US News 2026-2027 年度全球最佳大学排名与 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜，因此 QS 系列榜单与阿拉伯地区排名构成其主要外部参照。
• Research indexed by OpenAlex records 4,826 works and 174,312 citations for the university, a smaller output than Lebanon's largest universities but concentrated in medicine, engineering and the sciences.OpenAlex 收录该校 4,826 篇研究成果与 174,312 次引用，产出规模小于黎巴嫩最大的几所大学，但集中于医学、工程与自然科学。
• Its QS employer reputation score of 19.6 is markedly stronger than its academic reputation score of 8.1, reflecting a reputation built on professional training and regional employment rather than research volume.该校 QS 雇主声誉得分 19.6 明显高于学术声誉得分 8.1，反映其声誉更多建立在专业训练与地区就业之上，而非科研体量，这也解释了毕业生在黎巴嫩及海湾就业市场中的稳定需求。

Student life

• The university motto is the Arabic phrase والحق تعرفونه, rendered in English as "And you know what is right", and it frames the institution's Orthodox-informed but open ethical mission.该校校训是阿拉伯语「والحق تعرفونه」，英译为「你们知道何为正确」，这一表述奠定其以东正教为底蕴却保持开放伦理使命的基调，强调求学者应凭良知辨别是非。
• UOB describes itself as a quasi-secular institution that welcomes faculty, students and staff of all faiths and national or ethnic origins.巴拉曼大学自称为近乎世俗的机构，欢迎不同信仰、民族与族裔背景的教师、学生和员工。
• The student newspaper UOB Highlights covers campus news, student achievements and university events.学生报纸《UOB Highlights》报道校园新闻、学生成就与大学活动，是校内主要的英语学生媒体。
• Students join clubs and societies that range from academic and professional associations to cultural, charitable and religious groups across the five campuses.学生社团涵盖学术与专业协会以及文化、慈善与宗教团体，分布于五个校区，每学年开学初集中招收新成员。
• Athletics are organised through the university's sports programme, and the main campus on the Balamand hill provides outdoor pitches and facilities for team sports.体育活动由学校体育项目组织，巴拉曼山丘主校区为团队运动提供户外场地与设施。
• Student committees represent the student body in university governance and organise events, while the counseling centre and the university health centre provide welfare and medical support.学生委员会在大学治理中代表学生并组织活动，心理咨询中心与大学健康中心则提供福利与医疗服务。
• Student housing is available on or near the Al Koura campus, and the hilltop setting places students within reach of the monastery, the coast and the city of Tripoli.库拉校区及其附近提供学生宿舍，山丘环境使学生得以亲近修道院、海岸与的黎波里市。
• The university's community engagement includes scholarship support for 3,479 students and relief campaigns for displaced families during Lebanon's recent conflicts.该校的社区参与包括为 3,479 名学生提供奖学金，以及在黎巴嫩近期冲突期间为流离失所家庭开展救援行动。
• The Orthodox affiliation is visible in the campus chapel and the Saint John of Damascus Institute, but admission is open to students of all faiths and the university describes itself as quasi-secular.东正教背景体现在校园礼拜堂与圣约翰·达马斯库斯神学研究所，但招生面向所有信仰的学生，校方也以近乎世俗的机构自居。

Notable people

• Patriarch Ignatius IV of Antioch founded the university in February 1988 and gave it the monastery's legacy of learning, tolerance and service to both Christian and Muslim communities.安条克宗主教伊格纳提乌斯四世于 1988 年 2 月创办该校，并赋予其修道院重视学术、宽容以及服务基督徒与穆斯林社群的传统，这一创办理念此后由历任校长与董事会延续。
• Dr. George Tomeh, a philosopher, diplomat and professor at the American University of Beirut, was elected the first president by the board of trustees in 1988.乔治·托梅博士是哲学家、外交家与贝鲁特美国大学教授，1988 年由董事会推选为首任校长。
• Ghassan Tueini, publisher of al-Nahar and a leading Lebanese statesman, served as president from 1990 to 1993 while continuing to run the newspaper.加桑·图韦尼是《白天报》发行人、黎巴嫩重要政治家，1990 至 1993 年任校长，同时继续主持报务。
• Dr. Elie A. Salem, a scholar and diplomat who was deputy prime minister and foreign minister of Lebanon from 1982 to 1984, was president from 1993 to 2018 and led the university's expansion.埃利·A·萨勒姆博士是学者与外交家，1982 至 1984 年任黎巴嫩副总理兼外交部长，1993 至 2018 年任校长，主导了学校的扩张，其任期跨越黎巴嫩战后重建的关键阶段。
• Dr. Elias Warrak, an ophthalmologist and founder of a national eye bank, became president in October 2018 after training at the American University of Beirut and the University of Texas.埃利亚斯·瓦拉克博士是眼科医生与一家全国性眼库的创办人，曾在贝鲁特美国大学与德克萨斯大学受训，于 2018 年 10 月出任校长。
• John X of Antioch, Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch since 2012, is an alumnus of the university's Saint John of Damascus Institute of Theology.安条克十世是自 2012 年起在位的安条克希腊正教会宗主教，也是该校圣约翰·达马斯库斯神学研究所的校友。
• Archbishop Elpidophoros of America, primate of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America since 22 June 2019, studied at the University of Balamand and later taught at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.美国大主教埃尔皮多福罗斯自 2019 年 6 月 22 日起领导美国希腊正教大主教区，曾在巴拉曼大学学习，后于塞萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学任教。
• John Chryssavgis, an Orthodox theologian and adviser to the Ecumenical Patriarch on environmental issues, received the title of Archdeacon of the Ecumenical Throne in 2012 and an honorary doctorate from Saint Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary in 2016.约翰·克里萨夫吉斯是东正教神学家、普世牧首的环境事务顾问，2012 年获授普世宝座副执事衔，2016 年获圣弗拉基米尔东正教神学院荣誉博士学位。
• Leila Badre, an archaeologist and director of the Archaeological Museum of the American University of Beirut, has taught at UOB and published a standard reference on Bronze Age anthropomorphic figurines.莱拉·巴德尔是考古学家、贝鲁特美国大学考古博物馆馆长，曾在巴拉曼大学任教，并出版了关于青铜时代人形雕像的标准参考著作。
• Jacques Nader, a 2005 graduate in mechanical engineering, is executive director of Siemens' Global Research and Development Center for Wind Energy in the United States.雅克·纳德尔是 2005 届机械工程毕业生，现任西门子全球风能研发中心执行主任，常驻美国。
• Reine Abbas, a Lebanese video game designer and artist, and Elie Mitri, an actor, writer and stand-up comedian, are alumni of the university.黎巴嫩电子游戏设计师与艺术家雷内·阿巴斯，以及演员、作家兼单口喜剧演员埃利·米特里，均为该校校友。
• Charbel Dagher, a poet and professor at UOB with doctorates in modern Arabic letters and the aesthetics of arts, is a prominent voice in Arabic poetry and art criticism.沙尔贝勒·达格尔是诗人与该校教授，拥有现代阿拉伯文学与艺术美学两个博士学位，在阿拉伯诗歌与艺术批评领域颇具影响。