University of Almería

The University of Almería (UAL) is a public university on the Mediterranean shore of Andalusia, with its main campus at La Cañada de San Urbano about six kilometres east of Almería city.阿尔梅里亚大学（Universidad de Almería，简称 UAL）是安达卢西亚地中海沿岸的一所公立大学，主校区位于拉卡尼亚达-德圣乌尔瓦诺，距阿尔梅里亚市区以东约六公里。

Created by the Parliament of Andalusia in July 1993, it grew out of the Colegio Universitario de Almería, a college attached to the University of Granada that had taught the first years of Granada degrees in the city since 1972.该校由安达卢西亚议会于 1993 年 7 月设立，其前身是阿尔梅里亚大学学院，这一学院自 1972 年起在城内教授格拉纳达大学学位的前几年课程。

QS and Times Higher Education both place it in the 1201-1400 band for 2027, U.S. News ranks it 1,495th in 2026-27, and OpenAlex counts 23,928 works and 1,247,799 citations.QS 与泰晤士高等教育均将其列入 2027 年 1201-1400 区间，《美国新闻与世界报道》在 2026-2027 年度将其排在第 1,495 位，OpenAlex 则记录 23,928 项成果与 1,247,799 次引用。

History

• For most of the twentieth century the province of Almería had no university of its own, and families who wanted a degree for their children sent them to the University of Granada, the University of Murcia or further afield.在二十世纪的大部分时间里，阿尔梅里亚省没有自己的大学，希望子女读学位的家庭只能把他们送往格拉纳达大学、穆尔西亚大学或更远的地方。
• In 1972 the University College of Almería (Colegio Universitario de Almería) opened as a college attached to Granada, teaching the two-year first cycle of Granada degrees in the city.1972 年，阿尔梅里亚大学学院作为隶属于格拉纳达大学的学院开办，在城内教授格拉纳达大学学位的两年制第一阶段课程。
• The college worked in borrowed buildings in the city centre, and Granada kept control of curricula, examinations and the award of degrees, so Almería remained a place of teaching rather than a university.该学院在市中心借用的建筑中办学，课程、考试与学位授予仍由格拉纳达大学掌控，阿尔梅里亚因此只是一处教学点而非大学。
• From the 1980s the city council, the provincial council and local business organisations campaigned for a university of their own, arguing that a province of that size could not depend on another capital for higher education.自 1980 年代起，市政府、省议会与本地商业组织共同争取设立自己的大学，理由是这样一个规模的省份不能把高等教育寄托在另一座首府。
• The Parliament of Andalusia created the University of Almería by law in July 1993, as part of the regional map of universities assembled after education powers passed from Madrid to the autonomous communities.安达卢西亚议会于 1993 年 7 月以立法设立阿尔梅里亚大学，这是教育权限由马德里移交自治区之后逐步形成的区域大学布局的一部分。
• The new university absorbed the college together with its teachers and students, and the first academic year opened in 1993-94 while construction at La Cañada de San Urbano was still under way.新大学连同师生一并接收了原学院，1993 至 1994 学年开课时，拉卡尼亚达-德圣乌尔瓦诺的校舍仍在建设之中。
• Alberto Fernández Gutiérrez was placed at the head of the founding governing body with the title of vice-chancellor, the office that preceded the elected rectorship.阿尔韦托·费尔南德斯·古铁雷斯以副校长头衔主持创校管理机构，这一职位是后来经选举产生的校长职位的前身。
• The campus was laid out on open ground between the last stretch of the Andarax and the sea, a site with room to expand and a climate that made heavy heating unnecessary.校园建在安达拉克斯河末段与大海之间的开阔地上，这片场地留有扩建余地，气候也使得建筑无须依赖高强度供暖。
• The first faculties reproduced the fields the college had taught, namely humanities, law, experimental sciences, economics, education and health sciences, and each began with a handful of degrees.最初的几个学院延续了原学院所教的领域，即人文、法律、实验科学、经济、教育与健康科学，各院开办时都只有寥寥几个学位项目。
• In 1994 the university founded its Polyphonic Choir as a mixed chamber choir of students, with José Luis Martínez, formerly director of the Vírgen del Mar Choir, as conductor.1994 年，学校组建混声室内合唱团即大学复调合唱团，由曾任维尔亨德尔马尔合唱团指挥的何塞·路易斯·马丁内斯执棒。
• A Higher Polytechnic School was created to gather the engineering degrees, agronomy above all, since the provincial economy rested on intensive greenhouse horticulture and on the management of scarce water.学校设立高等理工学院集中开办工程类学位，其中以农艺学为首，因为全省经济依赖集约化温室园艺与稀缺水资源的管理。
• A University School of Labour Relations completed the academic map as a smaller centre for labour science, social work and the legal side of employment.劳动关系大学学院作为规模较小的中心补全了学科布局，负责劳动科学、社会工作与就业法律方面的教学。
• Through the 1990s and 2000s the agronomy and chemistry departments worked closely with the greenhouse growers of the coastal plain, turning the plastic sea of El Ejido into a field laboratory.1990 年代至 2000 年代，农艺与化学系与沿海平原的温室种植者紧密合作，把埃尔埃希多的塑料海洋变成了露天实验室。
• Pedro Molina García was elected rector in 2007, and his term coincided with steady growth in student numbers, in buildings and in research contracts with growers and technology firms.佩德罗·莫利纳·加西亚于 2007 年当选校长，其任内学生人数、建筑以及同种植者和技术企业签订的研究合同同步稳定增长。
• By 2008 the university offered 38 degree programmes, taught by 871 lecturers to 11,825 students, a scale that placed it among the smaller universities of Andalusia.到 2008 年，学校开设 38 个学位项目，由 871 名教师教授 11,825 名学生，这一规模使其处于安达卢西亚各大学中偏小的一档。
• Carmelo Rodríguez Torreblanca won the 2015 election with 68.24 per cent of the vote and took over from Alfredo Martínez Almécija, who had led the university before him.卡梅洛·罗德里格斯·托雷布兰卡在 2015 年选举中以 68.24% 的得票当选，接替此前领导学校的阿尔弗雷多·马丁内斯·阿尔梅西哈。
• He was re-elected on 28 May 2019 with 87 per cent of the vote, a margin that reflected the consolidation of the campus and the maturing of the research centres.他于 2019 年 5 月 28 日以 87% 的得票连任，这一优势反映出校园整合的完成与研究中心的成熟。
• The Bologna reform turned the old five-year licenciaturas into four-year degrees and pushed the university to build master's programmes, doctoral programmes and a doctoral school.博洛尼亚改革把旧制五年制学位改为四年制学士，也推动学校建设硕士项目、博士项目与博士学院。
• The Organic Law on Universities of 2001 and its amendment of 2007 changed the election of rectors and the internal government of Spanish universities, and the university rewrote its statutes under both regimes.2001 年大学组织法与 2007 年的修订改变了西班牙大学校长的产生方式与内部治理结构，学校先后依这两部法律修订了章程。
• By 2010-11 the Bologna calendar had run its course, and the last five-year degrees gave way to four-year bachelor's degrees followed by one-year master's programmes.到 2010 至 2011 学年，博洛尼亚进程的时限已到，最后一批五年制学位让位于四年制学士加一年制硕士的结构。
• In 2013 the university marked twenty years since the law of creation, with the campus and the research centres largely in place and the first generation of its own doctorates graduating.2013 年，学校迎来立法建校二十年，校园与研究中心大体建成，自己培养的第一批博士也在此前后毕业。
• In 2020 teaching moved online during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the lecture rooms and laboratories reopened to full occupancy in the following academic year.2020 年新冠疫情期间教学转为线上，次年学年教室与实验室恢复满员使用。
• A joint solar energy research centre, CIESOL, was set up with CIEMAT, the public energy research body that runs the Plataforma Solar de Almería test site in the desert of Tabernas.学校与公共能源研究机构 CIEMAT 共建太阳能研究中心 CIESOL，后者在塔韦尔纳斯荒漠运营阿尔梅里亚太阳能平台试验场。
• José Céspedes won the most recent rectorship with 55.6 per cent of the vote, 2,285 ballots against 1,690 for Diego Valera, a professor of agricultural engineering.何塞·塞斯佩德斯在最近一次校长选举中以 55.6% 的得票胜出，获 2,285 票，对手农业工程教授迭戈·巴莱拉获 1,690 票。
• In 2023 the university marked thirty years of teaching, by then an established institution with about 12,000 students and a campus built largely to its original plan.2023 年，学校迎来办学三十年，此时它已是一所学生约 1.2 万人、校园基本按最初规划建成的成熟院校。

Academics

• Teaching is organised in seven faculties, the Higher Polytechnic School and the University School of Labour Relations, which together offer the degrees and the doctoral programmes.教学由七个学院、高等理工学院与劳动关系大学学院组织，三者共同开设本硕博各层次学位。
• The Faculty of Health Sciences teaches nursing, physiotherapy and the health degrees that supply the hospitals and clinics of the province.健康科学学院开设护理学、物理治疗及各类健康类学位，为全省的医院与诊所输送人员。
• The Faculty of Experimental Sciences covers chemistry, biology and environmental sciences, with laboratories that serve both teaching and the research centres.实验科学学院涵盖化学、生物学与环境科学，其实验室同时服务教学与各研究中心。
• The Faculty of Economics and Business Studies teaches business administration, economics, accounting and marketing, and it is the largest faculty by enrolment.经济与企业研究学院开设工商管理、经济学、会计与市场营销，是注册人数最多的学院。
• The Faculty of Law offers the law degree and joint programmes that combine law with business administration or with criminology.法学院开设法学学位，以及与工商管理或犯罪学结合的双学位项目。
• The Faculty of Humanities teaches geography and history, philology and cultural studies, connecting the university to the Moorish and Andalusian past of the province.人文学院开设地理与历史、语文学及文化研究，把学校与全省的摩尔与安达卢西亚历史联系起来。
• The Faculty of Education trains primary and secondary teachers and social educators, and it runs the practicum placements in schools across the province.教育学院培养中小学教师与社会教育工作者，并负责全省学校的教学实习安排。
• The Faculty of Psychology teaches psychology and speech therapy, and runs a clinic in which students treat patients under the supervision of licensed staff.心理学院开设心理学与言语治疗，并设有一间由持证教师督导、学生参与接诊的诊疗室。
• The Higher Polytechnic School awards the engineering degrees in agronomy, industrial technology, chemical engineering, computer science, mechanics and electrical engineering.高等理工学院授予农艺、工业技术、化学工程、计算机科学、机械与电气工程等工程学位。
• Its agronomy degrees are the closest the university comes to a signature programme, built on the horticulture, soil science and irrigation problems of the coastal plain, where the Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IFAPA) runs its La Mojonera centre.农艺类学位是该校最接近招牌专业的领域，建立在沿海平原的园艺、土壤与灌溉问题之上，安达卢西亚农业研究培训学院（IFAPA）的拉莫霍内拉中心即设在省内。
• The University School of Labour Relations teaches labour science and human resources, social work and the legal framework of employment.劳动关系大学学院教授劳动科学与人力资源、社会工作以及就业法律框架。
• The university awarded 38 degrees in 2008 and has since added master's programmes, its own doctoral programmes and a Doctoral School that coordinates admission and supervision.学校在 2008 年授予 38 种学位，此后增设硕士项目、自有博士项目以及统筹招生与指导的博士学院。
• Research concentrates on three problems the province cannot avoid, solar energy, intensive agriculture and water, and each of them has a centre or a chair behind it.科研集中于全省无法回避的三个问题，即太阳能、集约农业与水，每个方向背后都有相应的中心或讲席。
• CIESOL, the solar energy centre run with CIEMAT, works on solar cooling, desalination and the integration of large solar plants into the electricity grid.与 CIEMAT 合办的太阳能研究中心 CIESOL 研究太阳能制冷、海水淡化以及大型太阳能电站并入电网。
• CIAIMBITAL, the centre for intensive Mediterranean agrosystems and agri-food biotechnology, studies greenhouse cultivation, plant health and the post-harvest chain.地中海集约农业系统与农业食品生物技术中心 CIAIMBITAL 研究温室栽培、植物健康与采后链条。
• Water research covers irrigation scheduling, desalination and the management of the heavily exploited aquifers of the Andarax basin.水研究涵盖灌溉调度、海水淡化以及安达拉克斯流域高度超采含水层的管理。
• About five per cent of students come from abroad, and every one of them takes a sixty-hour Spanish course before the teaching begins.约百分之五的学生来自国外，他们中的每一位在开课之前都要修读六十学时的西班牙语课程。
• With 871 lecturers for 11,825 students in 2008 the ratio was about one to fourteen, a figure that has stayed broadly stable as both numbers grew.2008 年 871 名教师对 11,825 名学生，生师比约为十四比一，随着两者同步增长，这一比例大体保持稳定。
• The central library occupies one of the first buildings of the campus and works with the faculty libraries and with the digital subscriptions bought through the Andalusian university consortium.中央图书馆设于校园最早一批建筑之一，与各学院图书室以及通过安达卢西亚大学联盟采购的数字资源协同运作。

Campus

• The campus occupies a flat site at La Cañada de San Urbano, six kilometres east of the city, between the last stretch of the Andarax and the Mediterranean.校园位于拉卡尼亚达-德圣乌尔瓦诺的一片平地上，在市区以东六公里，介于安达拉克斯河末段与地中海之间。
• Buildings are low and spread out, with gardens, arcades and shaded walkways, a layout suited to a place with some 3,000 hours of sunshine a year and very little rain.建筑低矮分散，配以花园、连廊与遮荫步道，这一布局适合年日照约 3,000 小时、降雨极少的地区。
• The Cabo de Gata-Níjar natural park begins a short distance to the east, and its cliffs, beaches and volcanic hills are used for field teaching in biology and geography.加塔角-尼哈尔自然公园自校园以东不远处开始，其悬崖、海滩与火山丘陵被用于生物学与地理学的野外教学。
• The campus is reached from the coast road AL-3202, from the AL-3200 to the north and from the AL-12 motorway, which links it to the rest of the metropolitan area.到达校园可走滨海公路 AL-3202、北侧的 AL-3200 以及 AL-12 高速公路，后者把校园与都会区其余部分连接起来。
• City bus routes 11, 12, 18 and 19 serve the campus, and extra buses on routes 13 and 14 are laid on for students at peak hours.市内公交 11 路、12 路、18 路与 19 路通往校园，高峰时段另加开 13 路与 14 路专供学生乘坐。
• Parking is scarce from early morning, and visitors routinely leave their cars several hundred metres from the teaching buildings.停车场从清晨起便十分紧张，来访者通常把车停到距教学楼数百米之外。
• A tram line was studied as a way of relieving the buses, but the regional agencies judged that it was not worth the cost.当地曾研究以有轨电车缓解公交压力，但自治区相关机构认为其成本并不划算。
• The Science and Technology Park of Almería lies beside the campus, and the proximity has produced contracts and spin-off firms in agri-food and solar technology.阿尔梅里亚科技园紧邻校园，这种邻近关系催生了农业食品与太阳能技术领域的合同与衍生企业。
• The beach at Costacabana is within walking distance, so the campus combines a university quarter with a seaside suburb of the city.科斯塔卡瓦纳海滩步行可达，校园因此把大学街区与城市的海滨郊区结合在同一片地带。

Reputation

• QS places the university in the 1201-1400 band of its World University Rankings for 2027, its place in the global table as the institution approaches its fourth decade.QS 在 2027 年世界大学排名中把该校列入 1201-1400 区间，这是学校临近第四个十年时的全球位次。
• Times Higher Education also places it in the 1201-1400 band for 2027, so the two large global tables agree on its segment of the ranking.泰晤士高等教育同样将其列入 2027 年 1201-1400 区间，两大全球榜单对其所处段位的判断一致。
• U.S. News ranks it 1,495th in its 2026-27 global universities list, a position that reflects a research record smaller than that of the older Andalusian universities.《美国新闻与世界报道》在 2026-2027 年度全球大学榜单中将其排在第 1,495 位，这一位置反映出其科研体量小于历史更久的安达卢西亚各大学。
• It does not appear in the 2026 ShanghaiRanking academic ranking of world universities, which selects a smaller number of institutions than the other tables.该校未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜，该榜收录的院校数量少于其他几个榜单。
• OpenAlex records 23,928 works and 1,247,799 citations, a body of research large for a university of some 12,000 students and weighted towards agronomy, chemistry and environmental science.OpenAlex 记录该校 23,928 项成果与 1,247,799 次引用，对一所万余名学生的大学而言体量可观，且集中于农艺、化学与环境科学。
• Forbes has listed it among the best universities in Spain, a recognition that rests on teaching quality and on the employment of graduates rather than on global research output.《福布斯》曾将其列入西班牙最佳大学之列，这一认可依据的是教学质量与毕业生就业，而非全球科研产出。
• The U-Ranking produced by the Valencian Institute of Economic Research places it in the middle of the Spanish public system, strongest in teaching and weaker in internationalisation.瓦伦西亚经济研究所编制的 U-Ranking 把该校置于西班牙公立大学体系的中段，教学维度较强，国际化维度较弱。
• Its specialised research in solar energy, greenhouse horticulture and water gives it a visibility in those fields out of proportion to its size.其在太阳能、温室园艺与水领域的专门研究，使其在这些领域的能见度远超学校体量。
• As an institution created in 1993 it carries the regional mission of a young university, supplying teachers, nurses, engineers and lawyers to a province that had few of its own.作为 1993 年创办的院校，它承担着年轻大学的区域使命，为原本少有本地高校的省份培养教师、护士、工程师与律师。
• Its international profile remains modest, with about five per cent of students from abroad, well below the coastal universities of Málaga or the University of Cádiz.其国际色彩仍然有限，外国学生约占百分之五，明显低于马拉加的各大学或加的斯大学。

Student life

• The Polyphonic Choir, founded in 1994, is the oldest cultural institution of the university and still draws most of its singers from the student body.1994 年成立的复调合唱团是该校历史最久的文化机构，其团员至今仍以在校学生为主。
• It has given more than 150 recitals across Spain, keeps a repertoire of nearly 200 works and has recorded a CD and several television programmes.合唱团在西班牙各地演出逾 150 场，常备曲目近 200 部，并录制过一张唱片与若干电视节目。
• The choir sings at every official ceremony of the university and joins the music outreach programmes of the city council, the provincial council and the Andalusian ministry of culture.合唱团在学校各项正式典礼上演唱，并参与市政府、省议会与安达卢西亚文化部的音乐推广计划。
• Sport is played on the campus fields and courts, and university teams compete in the Andalusian university championships.体育活动在校园的场地与球场进行，校队在安达卢西亚大学生锦标赛中参赛。
• The sixty-hour Spanish course that precedes the academic year is the main meeting point between foreign and Spanish students, and most friendships between the two groups begin there.学年开始前的六十学时西班牙语课程是外国学生与本国学生的主要交汇点，两个群体之间的大多数友谊都从那里开始。
• Weekends take students to the beaches of the Cabo de Gata park and to the villages of the Alpujarra, both within an hour of the campus.周末学生常去加塔角公园的海滩与阿尔普哈拉山谷的村庄，两者距校园均在一小时车程内。
• Because almost everyone commutes, the rhythm of the day follows the buses, with a quiet midday and a rush at the end of the afternoon.由于几乎所有人都走读，一天的节奏随班车运行，中午校园安静，傍晚则出现集中离校的人流。
• Student associations run the cultural weeks, the film club and the welcome days for the new intake, with modest budgets and a heavy reliance on volunteers.学生社团以有限的预算并高度依靠志愿者，组织文化周、电影俱乐部与新生欢迎活动。

Notable people

• Alberto Fernández Gutiérrez, a chemist, headed the founding governing body as vice-chancellor and is remembered as the first academic authority of the university.化学家阿尔韦托·费尔南德斯·古铁雷斯以副校长身份主持创校管理机构，被视为该校第一位学术负责人。
• Pedro Molina García was rector from 2007 to 2015 and presided over the expansion of the campus and the creation of the research centres.佩德罗·莫利纳·加西亚于 2007 至 2015 年任校长，主导了校园扩建与研究中心的创建。
• Alfredo Martínez Almécija held the rectorship until the 2015 election, when Carmelo Rodríguez Torreblanca succeeded him.阿尔弗雷多·马丁内斯·阿尔梅西哈任校长至 2015 年选举，随后由卡梅洛·罗德里格斯·托雷布兰卡接任。
• Carmelo Rodríguez Torreblanca was rector from 2015, was re-elected on 28 May 2019 with 87 per cent of the vote and served until the election of José Céspedes.卡梅洛·罗德里格斯·托雷布兰卡自 2015 年起任校长，2019 年 5 月 28 日以 87% 的得票连任，任职至何塞·塞斯佩德斯当选。
• José Céspedes, the current rector, won the election with 55.6 per cent of the vote, 2,285 ballots to 1,690.现任校长何塞·塞斯佩德斯以 55.6% 的得票当选，获 2,285 票，对手获 1,690 票。
• Diego Valera, the other candidate, is a professor of agricultural engineering and a specialist in greenhouse technology.另一位候选人迭戈·巴莱拉是农业工程教授，专长于温室技术。
• José Luis Martínez has directed the Polyphonic Choir since its foundation in 1994, after leading the Vírgen del Mar Choir of the city.何塞·路易斯·马丁内斯自 1994 年合唱团成立起担任指挥，此前曾领导该市的维尔亨德尔马尔合唱团。
• The graduates of the 1990s and 2000s now staff the hospitals, greenhouse companies, engineering firms and schools of the province, the practical measure of what the 1993 law created.1990 年代与 2000 年代毕业的校友如今供职于全省的医院、温室企业、工程公司与学校，这也是 1993 年立法成效最实际的衡量。