University of Alcalá

The University of Alcalá is a public university in Alcalá de Henares in the Community of Madrid, Spain, whose historic buildings form part of a UNESCO World Heritage site, and it is placed in the 731-740 band of the 2027 QS World University Rankings.阿尔卡拉大学是一所位于西班牙马德里自治区阿尔卡拉德埃纳雷斯的公立大学，其历史建筑构成联合国教科文组织世界遗产的一部分，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中处于 731-740 区间。

Cardinal Cisneros founded the university in 1499, and its lineage also runs through a Studium Generale licensed by King Sancho IV of Castile in 1293, making it one of the historic universities of Castile.该校由红衣主教西斯内罗斯于 1499 年创办，其源流还包括 1293 年由卡斯蒂利亚国王桑乔四世颁令设立的「总学」，是卡斯蒂利亚历史悠久的大学之一。

It teaches about 20,000 undergraduate students across four campuses in five branches of knowledge, its OpenAlex record lists 21,831 research works and 2,000,425 citations, and it was 977th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities.该校在四处校区的五个知识门类中培养约 20,000 名本科生，其 OpenAlex 记录列有研究成果 21,831 项、被引 2,000,425 次，并在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中位列第 977。

History

• On 20 May 1293 King Sancho IV of Castile granted the archbishop of Toledo, Gonzalo Pérez Gudiel, licence to create a Studium Generale in Alcalá de Henares with the same privileges for teachers and students as those granted to the general study of Valladolid.1293 年 5 月 20 日，卡斯蒂利亚国王桑乔四世授予托莱多大主教贡萨洛·佩雷斯·古迭尔在阿尔卡拉德埃纳雷斯设立「总学」的许可，其师生享有的特权与巴利亚多利德总学所获相同。

• Those thirteenth-century studies were modest but survived, and on 17 July 1459 Pope Pius II granted a bull, requested by the archbishop Alfonso Carrillo de Acuña, for the erection of three chairs of arts and grammar in the study of Alcalá.这所十三世纪的学校规模不大却延续下来；1459 年 7 月 17 日，教宗庇护二世依大主教阿方索·卡里略·德阿库尼亚之请颁诏，准许在阿尔卡拉学校设立三个艺术与文法讲席。

• Those surviving chairs of the old general study were integrated by Cisneros into the new university he founded in Alcalá de Henares in 1499.这些属于旧「总学」的讲席，由西斯内罗斯并入其 1499 年在阿尔卡拉德埃纳雷斯创办的新大学之中。

• Cardinal Cisneros founded a university in 1499 that historiography knows under several names, including Complutense University, Cisneriana University and University of Alcalá.红衣主教西斯内罗斯于 1499 年创办的这所大学在史书中以多个名称出现，包括康普顿斯大学、西斯内罗斯大学与阿尔卡拉大学。

• Together with Salamanca University it reached a pre-eminent place among the universities of Castile during the Golden Age, attracting students from across Spain and from other parts of Europe.在西班牙黄金时代，它与萨拉曼卡大学同为卡斯蒂利亚各大学中的翘楚，吸引了西班牙各地乃至欧洲其他地区的学生。

• The university was one of the great centres of Renaissance learning in Spain, associated with the Complutensian Polyglot Bible and with humanist scholarship that shaped Spanish letters.该校是西班牙文艺复兴学术的重要中心之一，与《康普卢顿合参圣经》以及塑造西班牙文脉的人文主义学术相联系。

• The Complutensian Polyglot Bible, printed at Alcalá and completed in 1517, was one of the first printed polyglot editions of the Bible and confirmed the university's reputation for biblical and philological scholarship.在阿尔卡拉印制、于 1517 年完成的《康普卢顿合参圣经》是最早的多语种印刷版圣经之一，巩固了该校在圣经学与语文学方面的声誉。

• It later entered a period of decline, and in 1836 the government decreed its transfer to Madrid, where it was renamed the Central University of Madrid.此后它进入衰落期；1836 年政府下令将其迁往马德里，并更名为马德里中央大学。

• By a royal order of 29 October 1836 Queen Regent Maria Christina ordered the university to move to Madrid, where it took the name Literary University and then, in 1851, Central University of Madrid.1836 年 10 月 29 日，摄政女王玛丽亚·克里斯蒂娜颁令要求大学迁往马德里，先称「文学大学」，1851 年改称马德里中央大学。

• That institution kept the name Central University of Madrid until its original name of Complutense was restored in the 1970s, when it became the Complutense University of Madrid.该机构一直沿用马德里中央大学之名，直到 1970 年代恢复原有名称「康普顿斯」，即如今的马德里康普顿斯大学。

• In 1975, after the historic buildings had passed between various businesses, the Complutense University opened an Alcalá branch to relieve its growing student population.1975 年，在历史建筑几经易手之后，康普顿斯大学为缓解不断增长的学生规模而在阿尔卡拉开设分校。

• In 1977 the institution was re-founded as the University of Alcalá de Henares, and the name was shortened to the University of Alcalá in 1996.1977 年，该校以「阿尔卡拉德埃纳雷斯大学」之名重新创办，并于 1996 年简化为「阿尔卡拉大学」。

• In 1836, when the university left Alcalá for Madrid, its historic buildings were turned over to other uses, passing between schools, businesses and other occupants over the following century and a half.1836 年该校迁往马德里后，其历史建筑被改作他用，在此后一个半世纪中几经学校、企业与其他占用者之手。

• In 1996 the official name was shortened to the University of Alcalá, two years before UNESCO listed the historic precinct as a World Heritage site in 1998.1996 年，该校正式名称简化为「阿尔卡拉大学」；两年后的 1998 年，联合国教科文组织将其历史校区列入世界遗产。

• In 1998 UNESCO named the historic university precinct a World Heritage site, recognising the completeness of its Renaissance university town planning.1998 年，联合国教科文组织把该校的历史校区列为世界遗产，认可其文艺复兴大学城镇规划的完整性。

• The modern university added degree subjects in scientific fields such as health sciences and engineering to its traditional strengths in the humanities and social sciences.这所现代大学在人文与社会科学的传统优势之外，增设健康科学、工程等理科学科方向的学位课程。

• Its teaching is now spread across four sites, the Alcalá campus, the Science and Technology Campus, Guadalajara and Torrejón de Ardoz, together with a Science and Technology Park.其教学现分布于阿尔卡拉校区、科学技术校区、瓜达拉哈拉与托雷洪德阿尔多斯四处，并设有科学技术园。

• The university still maintains its traditional humanities faculties, both to teach and to diffuse the Spanish language, and it hosts the awarding of the Cervantes Prize.该校保留其传统的人文学科各学院，既用于教学也用于推广西班牙语，并承办塞万提斯奖的颁发。

• The Cervantes Prize, the highest honour in Spanish-language literature, is awarded annually by the King and Queen of Spain in the elegant sixteenth-century Paraninfo, the university's great hall.塞万提斯奖是西班牙语文学的最高荣誉，每年由西班牙国王与王后在大学那座典雅的十六世纪大礼堂（Paraninfo）中颁发。

• Its Academy of Hispanic Studies, founded early in its modern history, holds conferences and summer courses for foreign specialists in an effort to extend Spanish learning, literature and history.其西班牙研究学院在现代校史早期成立，为外国专家举办会议与暑期课程，以推广西班牙语言学习、文学与历史。

Academics

• The university offers degrees in five branches of knowledge: arts and humanities, law and social sciences, sciences, health sciences, and engineering and architecture.该校在五个知识门类授予学位，即艺术与人文、法律与社会科学、自然科学、健康科学，以及工程与建筑。

• Its approximately 20,000 undergraduate students are distributed across its three main teaching campuses, with a fourth at Torrejón de Ardoz added in 2025.其约 20,000 名本科生分布于三个主要教学校区，另于 2025 年增设托雷洪德阿尔多斯校区。

• Arts and humanities degrees include English studies, Hispanic studies, history, humanities and modern languages applied to translation, several of them bilingual in Spanish and English.其艺术与人文学位包括英语研究、西班牙研究、历史学、人文学以及应用翻译的现代语言，其中若干为西班牙语与英语双语授课。

• Health science degrees include medicine, nursing, pharmacy, physiotherapy, health biology and physical activity and sports sciences, with nursing and physiotherapy also taught at Guadalajara and Torrejón de Ardoz.其健康科学学位包括医学、护理、药学、物理治疗、健康生物学以及体育活动与运动科学，护理与物理治疗还在瓜达拉哈拉与托雷洪德阿尔多斯开设。

• Engineering and architecture degrees cover the basics of architecture and town planning, construction engineering, computer engineering and science, information systems, telematics and telecommunications engineering, mostly bilingual.其工程与建筑学位涵盖建筑与城市规划基础、建筑工程、计算机工程与计算机科学、信息系统、远程信息处理以及电信工程，多数为双语授课。

• Law and social sciences degrees include law, business administration and management, economics, economics and international business, accounting and finance, audiovisual communication, tourism and education.其法律与社会科学学位包括法学、工商管理、经济学、经济学与国际商务、会计与金融、视听传播、旅游与教育学。

• Science degrees include biology, chemistry, environmental sciences, physics and space instrumentation, and criminology and forensic technologies.其理科学位包括生物学、化学、环境科学、物理学与空间仪器，以及犯罪学与法庭技术。

• Because of its tradition in the humanities the university runs several programmes in Spanish language and literature, including its department Alcalingua, which teaches Spanish language and culture to foreigners.得益于其人文学科传统，该校开设多个西班牙语言文学项目，其中包括面向外国人教授西班牙语与文化的阿尔卡林瓜（Alcalingua）部门。

• With EDUESPAÑA the university grants the CEELE, the quality certificate for teaching Spanish as a foreign language, and Alcalingua also develops teaching materials for that purpose.该校与 EDUESPAÑA 联合授予「对外西班牙语教学质量证书」（CEELE），阿尔卡林瓜亦为此开发教学材料。

• It is party to bilateral agreements with institutions outside Europe, above all with universities in Latin America and the United States, some of which provide for exchanges of first and second stage students.该校与欧洲以外的机构签有双边协议，尤以拉丁美洲与美国的大学居多，其中部分协议安排本科两个阶段学生的交换。

• Like Erasmus students, foreign students taking part in those exchange schemes are exempt from tuition fees at Alcalá, though they must meet their own travel, accommodation and upkeep costs.与伊拉斯谟项目学生一样，参加这些交换计划的外国学生免缴阿尔卡拉大学的学费，但须自行承担旅费、住宿与生活开支。

• Applications for those exchanges are made at the student's home university, which informs Alcalá once participants have been selected.此类交换的申请在学生原属大学办理，录取确定后由原属大学通知阿尔卡拉大学。

• The university's teaching is supported by associated schools, including the Cardenal Cisneros Associated School, which offers several teacher-training degrees in Spanish and in bilingual form.其教学由附属学校支持，其中包括卡德纳尔·西斯内罗斯附属学校，该校以西班牙语及双语形式开设若干师资培养学位。

• OpenAlex attributes 21,831 works and 2,000,425 citations to the institution, concentrated in the humanities, health sciences and chemistry.OpenAlex 记录该校 21,831 项成果与 2,000,425 次被引，集中在人文学科、健康科学与化学领域。

• Research is organised through university research institutes, the postgraduate school and the Science and Technology Park, which links academic work to regional development.其研究通过各大学研究所、研究生院与科学技术园组织，后者把学术工作与区域发展相衔接。

• The university has expanded its teaching into health sciences and new technologies through faculties and university schools built from scratch on its science campus.该校通过在其科学校区从零建设的各学院与大学学校，把教学扩展到健康科学与新技术领域。

• Master's and doctoral provision is coordinated through the Postgraduate School on the historic campus, which also offers international double degrees and participates in European mobility programmes.其硕士与博士培养由历史校区的研究生院统筹，该院还开设国际双学位项目并参与欧洲流动计划。

Campus

• The university has four campuses: the historical campus in the city centre of Alcalá de Henares, the Science and Technology Campus, the Guadalajara Campus and the Torrejón de Ardoz Campus inaugurated in 2025.该校有四处校区：位于阿尔卡拉德埃纳雷斯市中心的历​​史校区、科学技术校区、瓜达拉哈拉校区，以及 2025 年启用的托雷洪德阿尔多斯校区。

• The historic campus occupies buildings formerly used by the Complutense University when it was itself the University of Alcalá, and it includes the main administration building.历史校区使用康普顿斯大学尚在阿尔卡拉时期的旧有建筑，其中包括主行政楼。

• Its faculties are those of philosophy and arts, law, economics and business and documentation, together with the technical school of architecture and geodesy.该校区设哲学与文学院、法学院、经济与企业学院、文献学院，以及建筑与大地测量技术学校。

• The historic campus also houses Alcalingua, the Benjamin Franklin North American Studies University Research Institute and institutes for economic and social analysis, police sciences, educational sciences and historical studies.历史校区还设有阿尔卡林瓜、本杰明·富兰克林北美研究大学研究所，以及经济与社会分析、警务科学、教育科学与历史研究等研究所。

• Further units on that campus include the Cervantes Research Center, the Foreign Languages Center, the Institute of Business Organization and Management and the university's General Foundation.该校区其他单位还包括塞万提斯研究中心、外语中心、企业组织与管理研究所以及大学总基金会。

• The Science and Technology Campus contains the faculties of biology, chemistry, environmental sciences, pharmacy, medicine, nursing and physiotherapy.科学技术校区设生物学、化学、环境科学、药学、医学、护理与物理治疗等学院。

• It also holds the school of computer engineering and the polytechnic school, together with the university residence halls, sports facilities, the botanical garden and the Science and Technology Park, and two halls of residence, the University Residential City and the Giner de los Ríos University Residence, accommodate students there.该校区还设计算机工程学院与理工学院，以及大学宿舍、体育设施、植物园与科学技术园；学生宿舍「大学居住城」与「希内尔·德洛斯里奥斯大学宿舍」即设于此并为学生提供住宿。

• The Guadalajara Campus centres on a multi-departmental building that houses the faculties of tourism and nursing and the schools of business studies and architecture.瓜达拉哈拉校区以一座多学科大楼为中心，内设旅游与护理学院以及商业研究与建筑学校。

• Its faculty of education offers degrees in audiovisual communication and in modern languages and translation, the latter also available at the historic campus.其教育学院开设视听传播以及现代语言与翻译方向的学位，后者亦可在历史校区修读。

• Attached to the Guadalajara Campus are the long-standing Escuela de Magisterio teacher-training college and the Castilla-La Mancha Health Service Nursing College.隶属瓜达拉哈拉校区的还有历史悠久的师范学校与卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰卫生服务护理学院。

• The Torrejón de Ardoz Campus, inaugurated in 2025, teaches nursing and physiotherapy and lies between Madrid and Alcalá de Henares.2025 年启用的托雷洪德阿尔多斯校区开设护理与物理治疗课程，位于马德里与阿尔卡拉德埃纳雷斯之间。

• Alcalá de Henares itself is a historic university town about thirty kilometres north-east of Madrid, and its university precinct is a UNESCO World Heritage site.阿尔卡拉德埃纳雷斯本身是一座历史大学城，位于马德里东北约三十公里处，其大学校区为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。

• Many buildings at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas, borrow architectural elements from those found at the University of Alcalá, illustrating the reach of its Renaissance architecture.美国德克萨斯州拉伯克的德克萨斯理工大学许多建筑借用了阿尔卡拉大学的建筑元素，可见其文艺复兴建筑的影响范围。

• The university's urban layout reflects its sixteenth-century foundation, with a central plaza, colleges and a great hall arranged within the historic town rather than on a separate campus.其城市格局体现十六世纪建校的形态，中央广场、学院与大礼堂都布置在历史城镇之内，而非独立的校园之中。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings the University of Alcalá is placed in the 731-740 band, according to the official ranking table.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，阿尔卡拉大学处于 731-740 区间。此排名以官方榜单为准。

• It stands in the 801-1000 band of the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and is 977th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校处于 801-1000 区间，并在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中位列第 977。

• It is placed in the 501-600 band of the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities published by ShanghaiRanking, its strongest position among the four major tables.在软科发布的 2026 年世界大学学术排名中，该校处于 501-600 区间，是其在四大榜单中的最佳座次。

• OpenAlex attributes 21,831 works and 2,000,425 citations to the institution, a solid research base for a university of its size in Spain.OpenAlex 记录该校 21,831 项成果与 2,000,425 次被引，对西班牙同规模大学而言科研基础较为扎实。

• Its historic standing rests on its place among the oldest universities of Castile and on its Renaissance scholarship, including the Complutensian Polyglot Bible.其历史地位建立在它是卡斯蒂利亚最古老的大学之一，以及其文艺复兴学术（包括《康普卢顿合参圣经》）之上。

• Hosting the Cervantes Prize and maintaining a strong Spanish-language teaching programme give it a distinctive role in the promotion of Hispanic culture.承办塞万提斯奖并保持强大的西班牙语教学项目，使它在推广西班牙语文化方面具有独特角色。

• Its contrast with the Complutense University of Madrid is a recurring theme: the historic name and buildings remained in Alcalá while the institution itself moved to the capital in 1836.它与马德里康普顿斯大学的对照是一个反复出现的主题：历史名称与建筑留在阿尔卡拉，而机构本身于 1836 年迁往首都。

• The university's health sciences and engineering schools, added in its modern period, broadened its academic profile beyond the humanities for which it was historically known.其现代阶段增设的健康科学与工程学院，把其学术形象从历史上知名的人文学科扩展到更广领域。

• Its international profile is reinforced by bilateral agreements across the Americas and by its participation in European exchange programmes.其与美洲各校的双边协议以及参与欧洲交换计划，强化了它的国际形象。

Student life

• The university's 14 libraries are spread across its three older campuses, offer extended opening hours year-round and remain open continuously during examination periods.该校 14 座图书馆分布于三个较早的校区，全年延长开放时间，考试期间则连续开放。

• A wide range of sporting activities is offered, including aikido, archery, badminton, fencing, rugby and yoga, with courses also available in snorkelling, horse riding and mountaineering as well as football.该校提供广泛的体育活动，包括合气道、射箭、羽毛球、击剑、橄榄球与瑜伽，另开设浮潜、骑马、登山以及足球等课程。

• The university has a hall for music, dance, theatre and flamenco, together with a university choir, the traditional student music group La Tuna and a film club.该校设有音乐、舞蹈、戏剧与弗拉门戈场馆，并有大学合唱团、传统学生音乐团体「La Tuna」以及电影俱乐部。

• Alcalá de Henares is a compact historic town, so student life is closely interwoven with the streets, squares and convents of the old university quarter.阿尔卡拉德埃纳雷斯是一座紧凑的历史城镇，学生生活与老大学区的街道、广场与修道院紧密交织。

• The Paraninfo, the sixteenth-century great hall, is both a ceremonial space for the Cervantes Prize and a symbol of the university's continuity with its Renaissance foundation.十六世纪的大礼堂 Paraninfo 既是塞万提斯奖的礼仪场所，也是该校与文艺复兴建校传统延续性的象征。

• Students on the science campus have access to the botanical garden, sports facilities and the Science and Technology Park, which promote links with regional industry.科学校区学生可使用植物园、体育设施与科学技术园，后者促进学校与区域产业的联系。

• Its Spanish-language school, Alcalingua, brings foreign students to Alcalá for language and culture courses throughout the year, adding to the town's international student presence.其西班牙语学校阿尔卡林瓜全年吸引外国学生到阿尔卡拉修读语言与文化课程，增强了该镇的国际学生氛围。

• The university's tradition of teacher training, maintained through the Cardenal Cisneros Associated School and the Guadalajara teacher-training college, remains a distinctive strand of its teaching.该校通过卡德纳尔·西斯内罗斯附属学校与瓜达拉哈拉师范学校延续的师资培养传统，仍是其教学的独特脉络。

• Exchange students from Latin America and the United States join the university each year under bilateral agreements, exempt from tuition but covering their own living costs.每年有来自拉丁美洲与美国的交换学生依双边协议来校就读，免缴学费但自行承担生活开支。

• The town's status as a World Heritage site draws visitors and researchers to the university's historic buildings, which are used for teaching and ceremonial purposes.该镇作为世界遗产的地位把游客与研究者引向大学的历史建筑，这些建筑仍用于教学与典礼。

• Graduates work across Spanish public administration, education, health care, law and engineering, and the university's alumni associations maintain links with former students.其毕业生就业于西班牙公共行政、教育、医疗、法律与工程领域，校友组织则与前学生保持联系。

Notable people

• Cardinal Cisneros founded the university in 1499 and directed its early growth as a centre of Renaissance humanism in Spain.红衣主教西斯内罗斯于 1499 年创办该校，并主导其作为西班牙文艺复兴人文主义中心的早期发展。

• Antonio de Nebrija held a professorship of poetry and grammar at the university and is best known for writing a grammar of Castilian.安东尼奥·德·内布里哈在该校担任诗歌与文法讲席教授，以撰写卡斯蒂利亚语语法书而最为知名。

• Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Society of Jesus, studied theology and Latin at the university.耶稣会创办人依纳爵·罗耀拉曾在该校研习神学与拉丁语。

• Pedro Calderón de la Barca studied logic and rhetoric at Alcalá, and Lope de Vega, Francisco de Quevedo and Tirso de Molina are also counted among its students.佩德罗·卡尔德隆·德拉巴尔卡曾在阿尔卡拉研习逻辑学与修辞学；洛佩·德·维加、弗朗西斯科·德·克维多与蒂尔索·德·莫利纳也被列为该校学生。

• Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda studied arts and theology there, and Juan de Mariana, the Jesuit historian and scholastic, likewise studied arts and theology at the university.胡安·希内斯·德·塞普尔维达在该校研习艺术与神学；耶稣会历史学家与经院学者胡安·德·马里亚纳亦在此研习艺术与神学。

• Diego de Argumosa, a surgeon, was the first to use ether as an anaesthetic in Spain in 1847 and was a teacher at the university.外科医生迭戈·德·阿古莫萨于 1847 年在西班牙首次使用乙醚麻醉，并曾在该校任教。

• Andrés Manuel del Río studied there and discovered compounds of vanadium, and Francisco Vallés de Covarrubias, known as the divine Vallés, was professor of medicine in Alcalá.安德烈斯·曼努埃尔·德尔里奥曾在该校学习并发现钒的化合物；被称为「神圣的巴列斯」的弗朗西斯科·巴列斯·德科瓦鲁维亚斯则在阿尔卡拉任医学教授。

• Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, author, philosopher and statesman, and Antonio Pérez, secretary to King Philip II, are counted among those connected with the university.作家、哲学家与政治家加斯帕尔·梅尔乔·德·霍韦利亚诺斯，以及国王腓力二世的秘书安东尼奥·佩雷斯，都被列为与该校相关的人物。

• Joaquín Almunia, the Spanish politician, taught labour law and social security at the university, and Juan Huarte de San Juan, physician and psychologist, took his doctorate in medicine at Alcalá.西班牙政治家华金·阿尔穆尼亚曾在该校教授劳动法与社会保障；医生与心理学家胡安·瓦尔特·德圣胡安在阿尔卡拉取得医学博士学位。

• The university has awarded honorary doctorates to figures including Kofi Annan, Jacques Delors, Shimon Peres, Yasser Arafat, Frank Gehry, Steve Wozniak and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, as well as to writers and scholars such as Miguel Delibes, Iris Murdoch, Derek Walcott, Fernando Savater and Susumu Tonegawa.该校曾向科菲·安南、雅克·德洛尔、希蒙·佩雷斯、亚西尔·阿拉法特、弗兰克·盖里、史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克与卢拉·达席尔瓦等人物授予名誉博士学位，也授予米格尔·德利韦斯、艾丽斯·默多克、德里克·沃尔科特、费尔南多·萨瓦特尔与利根川进等作家与学者。