Universitas Andalas

Andalas University (Universitas Andalas, Unand) is a state university in Padang, West Sumatra, and the oldest university in Indonesia outside the island of Java.安达拉斯大学（Universitas Andalas，简称 Unand）位于西苏门答腊省巴东市，是印度尼西亚爪哇岛以外历史最悠久的大学。

It was created by government decree in December 1955 and formally opened by Vice-President Mohammad Hatta on 13 September 1956, bringing together five colleges that had been founded in West Sumatra between 1951 and 1955.该校依据 1955 年 12 月的政府法令设立，1956 年 9 月 13 日由副总统穆罕默德·哈达正式揭幕，整合了 1951 至 1955 年间在西苏门答腊创办的五所学院。

Its main campus at Limau Manis covers about 500 hectares, and the university counts 15 faculties, 33,506 students and 3,784 academic staff, placing it in the 1401+ band of the 2027 QS World University Rankings, and its land holding of 6.4 million square metres is among the largest of any Indonesian university.其利毛马尼斯主校区占地约 500 公顷，学校设有 15 个学院，拥有 33506 名学生与 3784 名教学人员，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位于 1401+ 区间，其 640 万平方米的土地面积在印尼高校中位居前列。

History

• The demand for higher education in West Sumatra emerged in the early 20th century, when a modern Indonesian intellectual class appeared but the Dutch colonial government built no colleges on the island of Sumatra.西苏门答腊对高等教育的需求始于 20 世纪初，当时现代印尼知识阶层已经出现，而荷兰殖民政府未在苏门答腊岛建立任何高等学校。
• After independence the idea gained political backing, and in 1948 six academies opened in Bukittinggi, including a civil service academy, a physical education academy, an English teaching certificate course and a police inspectors' school.独立后这一构想获得政治支持，1948 年武吉丁宜开设六所学院，包括公务员学院、体育学院、英语教师资格班与警官学校。
• In 1949 the national government planned a law faculty in Padang, a medical faculty in Medan and an economics faculty in Palembang, but postponed the scheme for lack of resources.1949 年中央政府计划在巴东设法学院、在棉兰设医学院、在巨港设经济学院，但因资源不足而搁置。
• The Sriwijaya Foundation therefore opened the Pancasila Law College in Padang on 17 August 1951, the first permanent higher-education institution in West Sumatra.于是斯里维贾亚基金会于 1951 年 8 月 17 日在巴东创办潘查希拉法学院，这是西苏门答腊第一所常设高等教育机构。
• The government followed with a teacher training college in Batusangkar on 23 October 1954, a state agricultural college in Payakumbuh on 30 November 1954, and medical and natural science faculties in Bukittinggi on 7 September 1955.政府随后于 1954 年 10 月 23 日在巴图桑卡尔设立师范学院，1954 年 11 月 30 日在巴雅孔布设立国立农学院，1955 年 9 月 7 日在武吉丁宜设立医学与自然科学学院。
• All four state colleges were inaugurated by Mohammad Hatta, a West Sumatran himself and a strong advocate of public education, while the law college passed to the Central Sumatra regional government and became a law faculty.四所国立学院均由出身西苏门答腊、力主公共教育的穆罕默德·哈达揭幕，法学院则移交中苏门答腊地方政府，改为法学院。
• Government decree No. 80016/Kab of 23 December 1955 established the university, and Hatta inaugurated it in Bukittinggi on 13 September 1956 after proposing the name Andalas, the old name of Sumatra, at a time when the government was consolidating higher education outside Java.1955 年 12 月 23 日第 80016/Kab 号政府法令设立该校，哈达于 1956 年 9 月 13 日在武吉丁宜为其揭幕，校名「安达拉斯」由他提议，取自苏门答腊岛的旧称；当时政府正着手在爪哇以外整合高等教育。
• The five founding faculties were law, agriculture, medicine, mathematics and natural sciences, and teacher training, the last of which later became the separate Padang State University.建校的五大学院为法学、农业、医学、数学与自然科学以及师范，其中师范后来独立为巴东国立大学。
• When Hatta opened it, Andalas was the fourth university inaugurated by the Indonesian government and the first on the island of Sumatra.哈达揭幕时，安达拉斯是印度尼西亚政府正式开办的第四所大学，也是苏门答腊岛的第一所。
• The economics college founded by the Pancasila Foundation on 7 September 1957 merged into the university, giving it a sixth faculty within two years of its opening.潘查希拉基金会于 1957 年 9 月 7 日创办的经济学院并入该校，使其在开办两年内拥有第六个学院。
• Rudito Rachmad became the first graduate in 1958 with a meester in de rechten, and the law faculty awarded four more degrees the following year.鲁迪托·拉赫马德于 1958 年取得法学硕士学位，成为首位毕业生，法学院次年又授予四个学位。
• During the PRRI rebellion of 1958 to 1961 many lecturers and students backed the regional movement, and the army's intervention damaged teaching facilities scattered across Padang, Bukittinggi, Batusangkar and Payakumbuh.1958 至 1961 年印度尼西亚共和国革命政府叛乱期间，许多师生支持地区运动，军队的干预损毁了散布于巴东、武吉丁宜、巴图桑卡尔与巴雅孔布的教学设施。
• Foreign lecturers left for home or for Gadjah Mada, the University of Indonesia and Bogor Agricultural University, and classes stopped intermittently until the rebellion ended in 1961.外籍教师或回国，或转往加查马达大学、印度尼西亚大学与茂物农业大学，课程时断时续，直至 1961 年叛乱结束。
• In 1961 the university reopened agriculture, medicine and teacher training in Padang, and the science faculty followed in 1962 with a single biology department.1961 年该校在巴东重开农业、医学与师范教育，理学院则于 1962 年以单设生物系恢复。
• By 1962 Andalas had 261 lecturers and 3,920 students, a ratio of one teacher to fifteen students that the university still cites as proof of its early scale and that was unusually favourable for an Indonesian university of the period.到 1962 年，安达拉斯已有 261 名教师与 3920 名学生，一比十五的师生比至今被校方用作早期规模的佐证，这在当时的印尼高校中相当优越。
• On 9 October 1963 the university opened a Faculty of Animal Science, the first of its kind in Indonesia, bringing its total to six faculties.1963 年 10 月 9 日，该校开设印度尼西亚首个畜牧学院，使学院总数达到六个。
• A Faculty of Letters admitted its first students in 1982 and produced its first seven graduates in 1986, and in 2011 it was renamed the Faculty of Humanities.文学院于 1982 年招收首批学生，1986 年送出首批七名毕业生，并于 2011 年更名为人文学院。
• In 1980 the economics faculty opened a diploma programme in business administration, which later became its D-III course.1980 年，经济学院开设企业行政文凭项目，后来演变为该院的三级文凭课程。
• Mechanical and civil engineering programmes opened in 1985 under the science faculty, and the Faculty of Engineering was approved by the higher-education directorate on 13 May 1993.机械与土木工程专业于 1985 年在理学院下开设，工程学院则于 1993 年 5 月 13 日获高等教育总局批准设立。
• The sociology and anthropology programmes hosted by the Faculty of Letters became the core of a new Faculty of Social and Political Sciences in 1993.由文学院代管的社会学与人类学项目于 1993 年独立，组建为社会与政治学院。
• A postgraduate programme was established in 1992 and began awarding doctorates in agricultural sciences, law and animal science in 2000.研究生项目于 1992 年设立，并于 2000 年开始在农业科学、法学与畜牧学授予博士学位。
• Postgraduate teaching began in 1985 in cooperation with the Bogor Agricultural University and became a separate school in 2000, when the first doctoral programmes were added in agricultural sciences, law and animal science.研究生教学始于 1985 年与茂物农业大学的合作，2000 年成为独立学院，并首批增设农业科学、法学与畜牧学博士项目。
• Two faculties were added in 2008, Agricultural Technology and Pharmacy, the first grown from the agriculture faculty and the second from the science faculty, and four more followed in 2012, Public Health, Nursing, Dentistry and Information Technology.2008 年增设农业技术与药学两个学院，前者由农学院分出，后者由理学院分出；2012 年再增设公共卫生、护理、牙学与信息技术四个学院。
• In 1982 the university also created two non-degree polytechnics, one technological and one agricultural, which began teaching in the academic years 1987/88 and 1988/89.1982 年该校还创办了两所非学位理工学院，一为技术、一为农业，分别于 1987/88 与 1988/89 学年开始授课。
• In 2021 the university became the 13th state university in Indonesia with legal-entity status, under Government Regulation No. 95, giving it control over its own budget and assets.2021 年，该校依据第 95 号政府条例成为印度尼西亚第 13 所具有法人地位的国立大学，获得自主管理预算与资产的权力。

Academics

• Andalas comprises 15 faculties, among them Law, Medicine, Economics and Business, Agriculture, Engineering, Social and Political Sciences, Humanities, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Animal Science, Pharmacy and Public Health.安达拉斯设有 15 个学院，包括法学、医学、经济与商业、农业、工程、社会与政治、人文、数学与自然科学、畜牧、药学与公共卫生等。
• The remaining faculties are Nursing, Dentistry, Information Technology, Agricultural Technology and Teacher Training, and a postgraduate school coordinates master's and doctoral programmes.其余学院为护理、牙学、信息技术、农业技术与师范教育，另设研究生院协调硕士与博士项目。
• It offers about 154 study programmes at diploma, bachelor's, master's, doctoral, professional and specialist levels, according to the university's own count, with medicine and law accounting for a large share of the professional programmes.按照校方统计，该校开设约 154 个学习项目，涵盖文凭、本科、硕士、博士、专业与专科医师各层次，医学与法学在专业项目中占很大比重。
• QS records 33,506 students, 3,784 academic staff and 498 international students, while the university's own figures put enrolment above 32,000.QS 记录该校有 33506 名学生、3784 名教学人员与 498 名国际学生，而校方自己的数据称在校生超过 32000 人。
• The university counts 230 professors among its staff and describes itself as a research university, a status reinforced by its legal-entity governance since 2021.该校拥有 230 名教授，并自称研究型大学，2021 年起的法人化治理进一步强化了这一地位。
• Medicine is taught with clinical training in Padang's hospitals, specialist training in surgery, internal medicine and ophthalmology began in 1984, and the university reports 32 consecutive years in which its academic hospital has been rated among the best in Indonesia.医学教学依托巴东各家医院开展临床训练，外科、内科与眼科专科医师培训始于 1984 年，校方称其教学医院连续 32 年被评为印度尼西亚最佳教学医院之一。
• The Faculty of Law is one of the strongest in Sumatra and supplies judges, prosecutors and constitutional lawyers, including a justice of the Constitutional Court.法学院是苏门答腊最强的法学院之一，培养法官、检察官与宪法学者，其中包括一名宪法法院法官。
• The Faculty of Economics and Business, founded as a separate college in 1957, was the first in West Sumatra to offer a doctorate in management and accounting.经济与商业学院源于 1957 年独立创办的经济学院，是西苏门答腊最早提供管理与会计博士学位的院系。
• Agricultural sciences, animal science and agroecotechnology are taught at the Payakumbuh and Dharmasraya campuses as well as at Limau Manis, where experimental fields surround the faculties.农业科学、畜牧学与农业生态技术除利毛马尼斯外，还在巴雅孔布与达尔马斯拉亚校区授课，主校区各学院周边即为试验田。
• The Faculty of Engineering trains civil, mechanical, electrical, environmental and industrial engineers and works with the provincial government on infrastructure and disaster studies.工程学院培养土木、机械、电气、环境与工业工程人才，并与省政府合作开展基础设施与灾害研究。
• The Faculty of Information Technology, created in 2012, offers computer science, information systems and information technology programmes for a growing digital sector in Sumatra.2012 年创设的信息技术学院开设计算机科学、信息系统与信息技术等专业，服务苏门答腊不断扩张的数字产业。
• Research is organised through the Institute for Research and Community Service, which manages university journals, laboratories and the campus science park.科研由研究与社区服务研究所统筹，该所管理校内期刊、实验室与校园科技园区。
• Admission runs through the national SNBP and SNBT routes and an independent examination, and in 2024 the university enrolled 7,505 new diploma and undergraduate students.招生通过全国 SNBP、SNBT 与自主考试进行，2024 年该校录取了 7505 名文凭与本科新生。
• Tuition is charged through the national single-tuition scheme, with income-based bands, and scholarships cover students from low-income families and high achievers.学费按全国单一学费制度依家庭收入分档收取，奖学金覆盖低收入家庭学生与成绩优异者。
• The language centre teaches Indonesian to foreign students and English to local ones, supporting the 498 international students recorded in the QS profile.语言中心为外国学生教授印尼语、为本地学生教授英语，支撑 QS 资料中记录的 498 名国际学生。

Campus

• The main campus lies at Limau Manis in the Pauh district, on a hill about 12 kilometres south-east of central Padang, and covers roughly 500 hectares of teaching buildings, forest and farmland.主校区位于帕乌区的利毛马尼斯，坐落在巴东市中心东南约 12 公里的山丘上，占地约 500 公顷，包含教学楼、森林与农田。
• The university's total land holding is about 6.4 million square metres, spread across Limau Manis, the Jati campus, Payakumbuh, Dharmasraya and sites in Lima Puluh Kota district, and Limau Manis accounts for about half of that area.该校土地总面积约 640 万平方米，分布于利毛马尼斯、贾蒂校区、巴雅孔布、达尔马斯拉亚以及五十县境内多处，其中利毛马尼斯约占一半。
• Campus II in Payakumbuh, in the highlands of West Sumatra, hosts animal science and economics programmes and the old agricultural college buildings.位于西苏门答腊高原的巴雅孔布第二校区开设畜牧与经济项目，并保留旧农学院的建筑。
• Campus III in Dharmasraya, in the south of the province, concentrates on agroecotechnology and field research on plantation crops.位于省南部的达尔马斯拉亚第三校区以农业生态技术与种植园作物田间研究为主。
• The Jati campus in Padang houses the Faculty of Economics and Business, a dental hospital and clinics on Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan, close to the old rectorate.巴东的贾蒂校区设有经济与商业学院、牙科医院与诊所，位于独立先锋路，靠近旧校长办公楼。
• The Limau Manis site includes the main library, an integrated laboratory, lecture halls named after Minangkabau traditions and a research forest used by biology and forestry students.利毛马尼斯校区包括主图书馆、综合实验室、以米南加保传统命名的讲堂，以及供生物与林学学生使用的研究林。
• A campus waste-processing unit, designed by lecturers of environmental engineering, turns organic waste into compost that is sold to the public.由环境工程教师设计的校园垃圾处理站把有机垃圾转化为堆肥，并向公众出售。
• Student dormitories stand inside the campus, and the university promotes a green-campus policy that protects the forested slopes around the teaching buildings.学生宿舍位于校园之内，学校推行绿色校园政策，保护教学楼周边成片的林地坡面。
• The earthquake of 30 September 2009 damaged almost every building on the Limau Manis campus, most severely the engineering faculty, and the university set up an Emergency Response and Recovery team led by Alfan Miko, and teaching resumed after repairs.2009 年 9 月 30 日的地震几乎损坏了利毛马尼斯校区的所有建筑，工程学院受损最重，校方随后成立由阿尔凡·米科领导的应急响应与恢复小组，教学在修缮后恢复。

Reputation

• The 2027 QS World University Rankings place Andalas in the 1401+ band, the shared range used for the final group of listed universities.2027 年 QS 世界大学排名将安达拉斯列入 1401+ 区间，这是榜单对末段院校采用的并列区间。
• In the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings the university appears in the 1801–2000 band, again a range rather than an exact position.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校出现在 1801–2000 区间，同样是区间而非精确名次。
• It is not included in the 2026-2027 U.S. News global universities list, and it does not appear in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities.该校未进入 2026-2027 年度 U.S. News 全球大学榜单，也未出现在 2026 年世界大学学术排名中。
• QS ranks it 77th among universities in South-East Asia in its 2026 Asia ranking, and places it 24th in Indonesia in the 2026 world ranking.QS 在 2026 年亚洲排名中将其列为东南亚第 77 位，并在 2026 年世界排名中列为印度尼西亚第 24 位。
• The 2026 QS Sustainability Ranking places it in the 1201-1250 band, reflecting its green-campus and waste-management programmes.2026 年 QS 可持续发展排名将其列入 1201-1250 区间，反映其绿色校园与废弃物管理项目。
• In the performance-based research clustering published by the Ministry of Research and Technology in November 2019, Andalas ranked fourth among Indonesian universities, an assessment that weighs research performance, innovation and collaboration with industry.在研究与技术部 2019 年 11 月发布的基于绩效的科研聚类中，安达拉斯在印尼高校中排名第四，该评估考量科研绩效、创新与产业合作。
• Since 2016 it has been classified in cluster one of Indonesian state universities, the group reserved for the strongest research institutions.自 2016 年起，该校被归入印度尼西亚国立大学第一集群，该集群只纳入科研实力最强的院校。
• Its academic hospital has been rated among the country's best for 32 consecutive years, according to the university, and serves as a referral centre for western Sumatra.据校方称，其教学医院连续 32 年被评为全国最佳之一，并作为苏门答腊西部的转诊中心。
• Regionally, Andalas is the leading university of Sumatra and the oldest outside Java, a position it uses to attract students from across the island.在区域层面，安达拉斯是苏门答腊的领头高校，也是爪哇以外历史最久的大学，并借此吸引全岛生源。

Student life

• The university motto is "Untuk Kedjajaan Bangsa", meaning for the glory of the nation, a phrase written in the old spelling and carried on the university emblem.该校校训为「Untuk Kedjajaan Bangsa」，意为为了国家的荣耀，这一短语采用旧式拼写，并见于校徽。
• The anniversary, or dies natalis, is celebrated on 13 September, the date of the 1956 inauguration in Bukittinggi, and is marked by ceremonies and alumni reunions.校庆日定在 9 月 13 日，即 1956 年在武吉丁宜揭幕之日，校方以典礼与校友聚会庆祝。
• Student organisations include the university student executive, faculty councils and unit activities in sport, arts, religion and volunteering, coordinated by the student affairs directorate.学生组织包括校级学生执行会、各院学生会，以及体育、艺术、宗教与志愿类社团，由学生事务处协调。
• The campus hosts sports facilities for football, badminton, volleyball and athletics, and teams compete in the national student sports week, POMNAS.校园设有足球、羽毛球、排球与田径场地，校队参加全国大学生体育周 POMNAS 的比赛。
• Dormitories at Limau Manis accommodate students from outside Padang, and the university runs shuttle services between the main campus and the city.利毛马尼斯的宿舍接纳来自巴东以外的学生，学校还开行主校区与市区之间的班车。
• Mosques and prayer rooms serve a student body drawn largely from West Sumatra's Minangkabau Muslim community, and religious study is part of campus life.清真寺与祈祷室服务于主要来自西苏门答腊米南加保穆斯林社群的学生，宗教学习是校园生活的一部分。
• The Minangkabau tradition of merantau, or study and work away from home, shapes student culture, and many graduates return to serve in provincial government and schools, while students from outside the province live in dormitories or private boarding houses around Limau Manis.米南加保「merantau」即离乡求学与谋生的传统塑造了学生文化，许多毕业生回乡在省政府与学校任职，外省学生则住在宿舍或利毛马尼斯周边的寄宿舍。
• The campus forest and hilltop setting support hiking, nature study and the annual orientation walk that introduces new students to the Limau Manis site.校园林地与山顶环境适于徒步与自然观察，迎新活动亦以步行方式带新生熟悉利毛马尼斯校区。

Notable people

• Mohammad Hatta, vice-president of Indonesia and a native of West Sumatra, inaugurated the university in 1956 and proposed the name Andalas.印度尼西亚副总统、西苏门答腊人穆罕默德·哈达于 1956 年为该校揭幕，并提议以「安达拉斯」为名。
• Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, an economist who served as finance minister and later as trade minister in the PRRI cabinet, was the first dean of the economics faculty.曾任意大利财政部长、后在印度尼西亚共和国革命政府中任贸易部长的经济学家苏米特罗·佐约哈迪库苏莫，是经济学院首任院长。
• Gamawan Fauzi, a law graduate, was governor of West Sumatra and then minister of home affairs between 2009 and 2014.法学毕业生加马万·法齐（Gamawan Fauzi）曾任西苏门答腊省长，2009 至 2014 年出任内政部长。
• Saldi Isra, a constitutional law professor, sits on the Constitutional Court of Indonesia and is one of the country's best-known legal scholars.宪法学教授萨尔迪·伊斯拉（Saldi Isra）任印度尼西亚宪法法院法官，是该国最知名的法律学者之一。
• Mahyeldi Ansharullah, a graduate and former mayor of Padang, became governor of West Sumatra in 2021.校友、前巴东市长马希耶尔迪·安沙鲁拉（Mahyeldi Ansharullah）于 2021 年就任西苏门答腊省长。
• Basrief Arief served as attorney general of Indonesia, and Aslim Tadjuddin was governor of Bank Indonesia, the central bank.巴斯里夫·阿里夫（Basrief Arief）曾任印度尼西亚总检察长，阿斯利姆·塔朱丁（Aslim Tadjuddin）曾任印度尼西亚银行行长。
• Dwi Soetjipto, an economics graduate, led the cement group Semen Gresik and later the state oil company Pertamina.经济学毕业生德维·苏吉普托（Dwi Soetjipto）曾领导水泥集团 Semen Gresik，后出任国家石油公司 Pertamina 总裁。
• Ricky Elson, an engineering graduate, built Selo, presented as Indonesia's first locally designed electric car, and founded a company making electric motors.工程学毕业生里基·埃尔森（Ricky Elson）造出被称为印尼首款自主设计电动车的 Selo，并创办了生产电动机的企业。
• Zairin Kasim built a automotive dealership empire from Padang, and Indra Sjafri, a football coach, led Indonesian youth teams to regional titles.扎伊林·卡西姆（Zairin Kasim）在巴东建立起汽车经销帝国，足球教练因德拉·沙夫里（Indra Sjafri）率印尼青年队夺得地区赛事冠军。
• Gusti Asnan, a historian of Minangkabau, served as dean of the humanities faculty, and Rahmiana Zein, a chemistry professor, developed a widely cited chromatography method.米南加保历史学家古斯蒂·阿斯南（Gusti Asnan）曾任人文学院院长，化学教授拉赫米亚娜·泽因（Rahmiana Zein）开发了被广泛引用的色谱方法。
• Efa Yonnedi, an accounting scholar and former World Bank consultant, has been rector since 20 November 2023 with a mandate running to 2028, and holds a master's from Monash University and a doctorate from the University of Manchester.会计学者、曾任世界银行顾问的埃法·约内迪（Efa Yonnedi）自 2023 年 11 月 20 日起任校长，任期至 2028 年，他拥有莫纳什大学硕士学位与曼彻斯特大学博士学位。