Université PSL

PSL University, formally Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, is a public higher education and research institution in Paris, France, formed as a federation of grandes écoles and research institutes.巴黎文理研究大学（Université Paris Sciences et Lettres，Université PSL）是一所位于法国巴黎的公立高等教育与研究机构，由多所大学校与研究所联合组成。

Created by decree in April 2010 and granted the legal status of a grand établissement in 2022, it brings together nine founding members and a further group of partners, and ranks 34th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings.学校于 2010 年 4 月依法令创设，2022 年取得「大型机构」的法律地位，汇集九家创始成员与一批合作伙伴，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列全球第 34。

It has about 17,000 students and some 4,500 academic staff, awards bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees on behalf of all its members, and covers the natural sciences, engineering, the humanities, the social sciences and the arts.学校约有 17000 名学生与 4500 名教师，代表各成员单位统一颁发学士、硕士与博士学位，学科覆盖自然科学、工程科学、人文社会科学与艺术。

History

• In 2010 five institutions in the Latin Quarter of Paris agreed to combine: the École normale supérieure, the Collège de France, Chimie ParisTech, ESPCI Paris and the Paris Observatory.2010 年，巴黎拉丁区的五所机构达成联合共识，包括巴黎高等师范学院、法兰西公学院、国立巴黎高等化学学校、巴黎高等物理化工学院与巴黎天文台。

• Their motive was that each institution was separately too small and too little known internationally to attract funding and to mount research programmes on its own.它们的动机在于各机构单独规模偏小、国际知名度有限，难以争取经费并独立开展科研项目。

• The grouping was formed under the provisions of the French law on research cooperation, and the new body was first called Paris Sciences et Lettres – Quartier latin.这一联合依法国科学合作相关法案的规定组建，新机构最初被称为「拉丁区巴黎文理学院」。

• Its initial purpose was limited to cooperation in the natural sciences among the Latin Quarter institutions, in order to obtain funding under the state's Investments for the Future programme.其最初目的仅在于拉丁区各机构间的自然科学合作，以便获得法国政府「未来投资」计划的资助。

• In 2011 PSL was one of the first three winners of the French Initiative d'excellence, the excellence scheme for higher education and research.2011 年，学校成为法国「卓越计划」首批三所入选高校之一，该计划面向高等教育与研究领域。

• Further institutions joined the process over the following years, with Paris-Dauphine and the Institut Curie becoming founding members and six others joining as associated members.此后数年又有机构陆续加入，其中巴黎第九大学与居里研究所成为创始成员，另有六家机构以关联成员身份加入。

• The associated members include the national conservatories of dramatic art and of music and dance, the national schools of decorative arts and of fine arts, the Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Foundation and the Louis Bachelier Institute.关联成员包括国立高等戏剧艺术学院、巴黎国立高等音乐舞蹈学院、国立高等装饰艺术学院、国立高等美术学院、皮埃尔—吉勒·德热纳研究基金会与巴舍理耶研究院。

• Mines ParisTech joined as an associated member and became a founding member the following year, and the École nationale des chartes and the École pratique des hautes études later became founding members as well.国立巴黎高等矿业学校先以关联成员加入，次年转为创始成员；国立文献学院与高等研究应用学院其后也成为创始成员。

• In 2015, under the French law on higher education and research, the earlier institution of scientific cooperation was dissolved and replaced by PSL as a community of universities and institutions.2015 年，依据法国《高等教育与研究法》，此前的科学合作公立学院解散，由作为「大学与学院团体」的巴黎文理研究大学取代。

• In the same year the first doctoral candidates received PSL doctorates for work carried out in the constituent institutions.同年，首批博士候选人因在各成员机构完成的研究而获得巴黎文理研究大学的博士学位。

• In 2016 a government committee reviewed the merger and acknowledged its high research and teaching standards while criticising the lack of a shared institutional identity and of pooled human resources.2016 年，政府负责评估合并的委员会承认其研究与教学水平很高，但批评其缺乏整体向心力与人力资源共享。

• The committee gave PSL an eighteen-month extension to remedy those shortcomings, and in the same year the institution created a national institute of fashion and materials.委员会给予学校十八个月延展期以改进不足；同年，学校创设了法国国立时装与材料学院。

• In 2017 PSL entered the Times Higher Education reputation ranking at 72nd place and was regarded as the leading French institution in it.2017 年，学校首次进入泰晤士高等教育声誉排名即位列第 72 位，并被视为该榜单中的法国第一。

• On 21 September 2017 the Paris administrative court ruled that PSL had to remove the words research university from its logo and all existing materials by 15 September 2018.2017 年 9 月 21 日，巴黎行政法院裁定学校须在 2018 年 9 月 15 日前，将其标志及所有现存载体中的「研究大学」字样去除。

• The university was placed 41st in the 2018-2019 Times Higher Education ranking and 50th in the 2019 QS ranking, in both cases the highest position held by a French institution.学校在 2018 至 2019 年泰晤士高等教育排名中位列第 41，在 2019 年 QS 排名中位列第 50，两次都是法国高校中的最高位次。

• In 2022 PSL completed its experimental phase and was granted the legal status of a grand établissement, the French category for major public institutions of higher learning.2022 年，学校结束实验期，获得「大型机构」的法律地位，这是法国对重要公立高等教育机构的法定类别。

• The national research organisations CNRS, INSERM and INRIA now take part in PSL's administration and planning, aligning their strategies with the university's.法国国家科学研究中心、国家健康与医学研究所以及国家信息与自动化研究所现已参与学校的行政与规划，与学校协调各自的发展战略。

• PSL has grown from a funding alliance of neighbouring institutions into an integrated university that awards its own degrees across the full range of disciplines.学校已从相邻机构间的经费联盟，发展为在各学科门类自行授予学位的整合型大学。

• On 25 March 2011 the excellence scheme reduced the field to only seven projects, and PSL's application was examined financially in July 2011 alongside two others.2011 年 3 月 25 日，卓越计划把候选范围收窄至七个项目；同年 7 月，学校的申报与另外两个项目一同接受了财务审查。

• The excellence teams scheme announced by the minister of higher education on 20 January 2011 awarded PSL eight teams shared among ten of its members, with grants between two and ten million euros.2011 年 1 月 20 日，高等教育部长公布「卓越团队」名单，学校获得八个团队名额，由其十家成员分享，资助额在 200 万至 1000 万欧元之间。

• In 2012 Monique Canto-Sperber became the first president of the institution. She resigned in 2014 and was succeeded by Thierry Coulhon, and Alain Fuchs later took office.2012 年，莫妮克·康托—斯佩贝尔出任该校首位校长；她于 2014 年辞职，由蒂埃里·库隆继任，其后阿兰·富克斯接任。

• In 2017 the École nationale d'administration and PSL announced a joint lecture programme and signed a strategic partnership.2017 年，法国国立行政学院与学校宣布设立共同讲坛，并签署战略合作伙伴关系。

Academics

• PSL awards bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees on behalf of all of its member institutions, which retain their own identities and admissions procedures.学校代表全部成员单位统一颁发学士、硕士与博士学位，各成员机构则保留各自的建制与招生程序。

• Its nine founding members are the École normale supérieure, Paris-Dauphine University, Mines ParisTech, ESPCI Paris, Chimie ParisTech, the École nationale des chartes, the École pratique des hautes études, the Institut Curie and the Paris Observatory.其九家创始成员为巴黎高等师范学院、巴黎第九大学、国立巴黎高等矿业学校、巴黎高等物理化工学院、国立巴黎高等化学学校、国立文献学院、高等研究应用学院、居里研究所与巴黎天文台。

• Among its partners are the Collège de France, the École des hautes études en sciences sociales, the French School of the Far East, the national conservatories of drama and of music, and the national schools of fine and decorative arts.其合作伙伴包括法兰西公学院、社会科学高等学院、法国远东学院、国立戏剧与音乐舞蹈学院，以及国立美术与装饰艺术院校。

• Teaching and research span astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, engineering, economics, the humanities, the social sciences and artistic creation.其教学与研究横跨天文学、物理、化学、生物、数学、工程、经济学、人文学科、社会科学与艺术创作。

• The institution has about 17,000 students and some 4,500 academic staff, and its education gives particular weight to research and to interdisciplinary study.学校约有 17000 名学生与 4500 名教师，其教育尤其重视研究与跨学科学习。

• In 2012 PSL and the Lycée Henri-IV created the CPES, a three-year multidisciplinary undergraduate programme inspired by the American liberal arts model.2012 年，学校与亨利四世中学共同创设 CPES，这是受美国博雅教育模式启发的三年制多学科本科项目。

• From 2013 the École normale supérieure, ESPCI Paris, Mines ParisTech, Paris-Dauphine and the Lycée Louis-le-Grand also admitted students to the CPES, which sits between the university and the preparatory class.自 2013 年起，巴黎高等师范学院、巴黎高等物理化工学院、国立巴黎高等矿业学校、巴黎第九大学与路易大帝中学也参与该项目的招生，其定位介于大学与大学校预科班之间。

• PSL doctorates are awarded for research carried out in any of the member laboratories and are described by the university as highly selective.学校的博士学位授予在各成员实验室完成的研究，校方称其选拔性很高。

• The university is organised around eleven selected laboratories and a set of excellence chairs, structural projects and integrated research teams.学校围绕十一个遴选出的实验室，以及一批卓越讲席、结构性项目与整合研究团队组织科研。

• Its two Carnot institute programmes are the Curie cancer research programme, run by the Institut Curie, and a digital technology programme run by INRIA.其两个卡诺研究所项目分别是居里研究所执行的居里夫人癌症研究计划，以及由国家信息与自动化研究所执行的数字技术计划。

• On measures of research strength the grouping ranked third in France for European Research Council grants and seventh for awards from the national research organisation.在研究实力指标上，该校获得的欧洲研究委员会资助数量在法国排第三，获得国家科研机构奖项的数量排第七。

• It is a member of the League of European Research Universities, the Coimbra Group and Una Europa, and of French groupings such as the Conference des grandes écoles.学校是欧洲研究型大学联盟、科英布拉集团与 Una Europa 的成员，也属于法国大学校会议等团体。

• Because the constituent institutions were long established, PSL was internationally recognised from the outset even though the federation itself dates only from 2010.由于各成员机构历史悠久，尽管这一联合体直到 2010 年才成立，学校自始便获得国际认可。

• Its members include the École nationale des chartes, which trains archivists and curators, and the École pratique des hautes études, which specialises in advanced research training.其成员包括培养档案与文物保管人员的国立文献学院，以及专事高等研究训练的高等研究应用学院。

• The Paris Observatory, founded in 1667 and part of PSL, is the oldest astronomical observatory still in operation anywhere in the world.成立于 1667 年、现为学校成员的巴黎天文台，是世界上仍在运行的历史最悠久的天文台。

• PSL runs about eighty subject programmes that appear in international subject rankings, most of them in mathematics, physics and the natural sciences.学校约有八十个学科进入国际学科排名，其中多数为数学、物理与自然科学领域。

• It works closely with the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, the national research centre for scientific research and the national institute for digital science, all of which take part in its planning.学校与法国国家健康与医学研究所、国家科学研究中心以及国家数字科学研究所合作紧密，这些机构都参与其发展规划。

Campus

• PSL has no single campus: its institutions occupy sites across Paris, chiefly in the Latin Quarter on the Left Bank of the Seine.学校没有单一校园，各成员机构分布在巴黎各处，主要集中在塞纳河左岸的拉丁区。

• The École normale supérieure occupies its historic site in the rue d'Ulm, and the Institut Curie and Chimie ParisTech stand in the same neighbourhood.巴黎高等师范学院位于其历史悠久的于尔姆街校址，居里研究所与国立巴黎高等化学学校也在同一街区。

• A new central campus at Condorcet, north of the Gare du Nord, has been developed to bring together teaching and research facilities of several members.位于巴黎北站以北的孔多塞新中心校区已逐步建成，用以汇聚多所成员机构的教学与研究设施。

• The Jourdan campus in the fourteenth arrondissement houses part of the École normale supérieure and the Paris Observatory lies nearby.位于第十四区的乔丹校区容纳巴黎高等师范学院的一部分，巴黎天文台也在附近。

• The Porte Dauphine campus in the west of the city is occupied by Paris-Dauphine University, which specialises in management, economics and law.位于城市西部的王妃门站校区由巴黎第九大学使用，该校以管理学、经济学与法学见长。

• The Paris Observatory at Meudon, in the south-western suburbs, operates telescopes and laboratories of the university's astronomy and astrophysics work.位于西南郊默东的巴黎天文台运营着望远镜与实验室，承担学校的天文与天体物理工作。

• The Collège de France, an associated institution, occupies a sixteenth-century site on the Place Marcelin-Berthelot and gives public lectures by invitation only.作为关联机构，法兰西公学院位于马塞兰·贝特洛广场的一处十六世纪院址，仅以邀请方式举办公开讲座。

• Because the institutions are dispersed, students move between arrondissements, and the federation coordinates joint library, laboratory and student service arrangements.由于各机构分散，学生在不同区之间往来，学校则统筹联合图书馆、实验室与学生服务安排。

• The address of the university's headquarters is in the fifth arrondissement, close to the Pantheon and the Sorbonne.学校总部位于第五区，靠近先贤祠与索邦。

• The label Paris Sciences et Lettres refers to the Latin Quarter tradition of letters and sciences, which the federation set out to preserve and combine.「巴黎文理」这一名称指向拉丁区兼容文与理的传统，而这正是这一联合体力图保存并结合的。

Reputation

• PSL ranks 34th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, 57th in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and 33rd in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities.学校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列全球第 34，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名第 57，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名第 33。^[1]

• It is normally the highest ranked French university in the QS tables, ahead of Sorbonne University and Paris-Saclay.在 QS 榜单中，它通常是法国排名最高的大学，位次在索邦大学与巴黎萨克雷大学之前。

• In the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities it placed 33rd, having been 34th in 2025, and it is one of four French universities in the world's top hundred.在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中，学校位列第 33（2025 年为第 34），是四所进入全球百强的法国高校之一。

• Its subject rankings are strongest in mathematics, physics and the natural sciences, and it is placed highly in national tables for research intensity.其学科排名以数学、物理与自然科学最强，在研究强度方面的国内排名也位居前列。

• Because it is a federation, PSL's research capacity comes from laboratories belonging to its members, including those run jointly with the national research organisations.由于是联合体，学校的研究能力来自各成员所属的实验室，其中包括与国家科研机构共建的实验室。

• The École normale supérieure within PSL is one of the most selective institutions in France and has produced a long line of scientists, philosophers and statesmen.其中的巴黎高等师范学院是法国选拔最严格的机构之一，培养了大批科学家、哲学家与政治家。

• Its members have won Nobel Prizes in physics, chemistry and physiology or medicine, and the Fields Medal in mathematics.其成员机构曾获得诺贝尔物理学、化学与生理学或医学奖，以及数学领域的菲尔兹奖。

• In national comparisons PSL is credited with producing a large share of the doctorates and academic appointments in France.在全国比较中，学校被认领了法国相当比例的博士学位与学术职位。

• The Institut Curie, one of its founding members, is a leading cancer research centre and hospital, combining laboratory research with clinical treatment.其创始成员之一的居里研究所是顶尖的肿瘤研究中心与医院，把实验室研究与临床治疗结合起来。

Student life

• The university motto, Ose savoir, means dare to know and reflects the emphasis on inquiry across its institutions.学校校训「敢于求知」体现了各成员机构对探究精神的强调。

• Students belong to one of the member institutions rather than to a single campus, so student life is organised by each school.学生隶属于各自的成员机构而非单一校区，因此学生生活由各校自行组织。

• Entry to several PSL institutions, especially the École normale supérieure, is through competitive examinations after two years of preparatory classes.进入学校的若干成员机构，尤其是巴黎高等师范学院，须在两年预科班之后通过竞争性考试。

• Through the CPES programme, around a hundred students a year follow a broad three-year course before choosing a specialism.通过 CPES 项目，每年约有百名学生先接受三年广博课程，再确定专业方向。

• The institutions run their own student associations, journals and traditions, some of which date back to the nineteenth century.各机构自办学生社团、刊物与传统活动，其中一些可追溯至十九世纪。

• Students take part in the cultural life of the Latin Quarter, with its bookshops, cinemas and research libraries close to the campuses.学生参与拉丁区的文化生活，书店、影院与研究图书馆都距校区不远。

• Sporting and artistic activities are organised both within the member institutions and jointly through the federation.体育与艺术活动既在各成员机构内部组织，也通过学校层面联合举办。

• Much of the teaching takes place in French, with a growing number of master's programmes offered in English.大部分教学以法语进行，同时有越来越多的硕士项目以英语授课。

• Doctoral candidates are enrolled in one of the university's doctoral schools and work in the laboratories of the member institutions.博士生在学校的某一博士学院注册，并在各成员机构的实验室中工作。

Notable people

• Alain Fuchs, a chemist, served as president of PSL and led the institution during its consolidation into a grand établissement.化学家阿兰·富克斯曾任学校校长，在整合为「大型机构」期间主持校务。

• The École normale supérieure, the university's best-known member, has educated Louis Pasteur, the founder of microbiology, and the mathematician Évariste Galois studied in Paris before its formal creation.其最知名的成员巴黎高等师范学院培养出微生物学奠基人路易·巴斯德；数学家埃瓦里斯特·伽罗瓦则在其正式创设前于巴黎求学。

• Among the philosophers and writers trained at the École normale supérieure are Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone Weil, Raymond Aron, Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida.在巴黎高等师范学院受训的哲学家与作家包括让—保罗·萨特、西蒙娜·薇依、雷蒙·阿隆、米歇尔·福柯与雅克·德里达。

• Marie Curie and Pierre Curie carried out their work in laboratories linked to the Institut Curie and the Faculty of Sciences in Paris.玛丽·居里与皮埃尔·居里在居里研究所及巴黎理学院相关的实验室中开展工作。

• Several winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics taught or studied within PSL institutions, including Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Serge Haroche and Alain Aspect.多位诺贝尔物理学奖得主曾在学校成员机构任教或求学，其中包括皮埃尔—吉勒·德热纳、克洛德·科昂—塔努吉、塞尔日·阿罗什与阿兰·阿斯佩。

• Emmanuel Macron, later president of France, studied philosophy at Paris-Dauphine while preparing for the École normale supérieure entrance examination.后任法国总统的埃马纽埃尔·马克龙在准备巴黎高等师范学院入学考试期间，于巴黎第九大学攻读哲学。

• Georges Pompidou, a president of France, and Simone Veil, a minister and magistrate, are among the institution's prominent graduates.法国总统乔治·蓬皮杜以及部长兼法官西蒙娜·韦伊，都是该校的知名毕业生。

• The economist Thomas Piketty and the writer Romain Rolland, a Nobel laureate in literature, also studied at the École normale supérieure.经济学家托马斯·皮凯蒂与诺贝尔文学奖得主、作家罗曼·罗兰也曾在巴黎高等师范学院求学。

• Researchers associated with the Institut Curie have contributed to radiotherapy, cancer genetics and cell biology.与居里研究所相关的研究人员在放射治疗、肿瘤遗传学与细胞生物学方面做出了贡献。

• Its mathematicians have repeatedly won the Fields Medal and the Abel Prize, and its physics and chemistry departments have supplied several Nobel laureates.其数学家多次获得菲尔兹奖与阿贝尔奖，物理与化学领域的院系也产生了多位诺贝尔奖得主。