Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Mackenzie Presbyterian University (Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, UPM) is a private confessional university in São Paulo, Brazil, maintained by the Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute and rooted in a school opened by American missionaries in 1870.麦肯齐长老会大学（Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie，简称 UPM）是巴西圣保罗的一所私立教会大学，由麦肯齐长老会学院维护，其源头是 1870 年美国传教士创办的学校。

It is one of the oldest educational institutions in Brazil, and its graduates, known as Mackenzistas, include governors, federal ministers, Supreme Court justices, a Pritzker laureate and Olympic and Paralympic champions.该校是巴西历史最悠久的学校之一，其毕业生被称为 Mackenzistas，其中有州长、联邦部长、最高法院法官、普利兹克奖得主以及奥运与残奥冠军。

In the 2027 QS World University Rankings the university is placed in the 1401+ shared band, and the Folha University Ranking of 2024 put it first among private institutions in the state of São Paulo.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位于 1401+ 并列区间；2024 年《圣保罗页报》大学排名则将其列为圣保罗州私立院校第一。

History

• In 1870 the Presbyterian missionary George Whitehill Chamberlain and his wife Mary Annesley began teaching a small class in the living room of their home in São Paulo.1870 年，长老会传教士乔治·怀特希尔·张伯伦（George Whitehill Chamberlain）与妻子玛丽·安斯利（Mary Annesley）在圣保罗家中客厅开办了一个小型课堂。
• The venture grew into the American School, which broke with local practice by banning corporal punishment and admitting girls alongside boys regardless of religion or social class.这一尝试发展为美国学校，它打破当地惯例，禁止体罚，并招收女生与男生同堂，不问宗教信仰与社会阶层。
• From 1872 the school charged fees of 12 mil réis a trimester while granting full and partial scholarships to poor pupils, and it took the name Escola Americana on the suggestion of the journalist José Carlos Rodrigues.自 1872 年起，学校每学期收取 12 米尔雷斯的学费，同时为贫困学生提供全额与部分奖学金，并采纳记者若泽·卡洛斯·罗德里格斯的建议，定名美国学校。
• By 1876 the school had moved to the corner of Ipiranga and São João streets and added a normal school and a higher-level philosophy course.到 1876 年，学校已迁至伊皮兰加街与圣若昂街转角，并增设师范学校与高等哲学课程。
• In 1879 Maria Antônia da Silva Ramos, baroness of Antonina, sold her land in Higienópolis to Chamberlain, and in 1880 the school bought a plot of 27,700 square metres in the same district.1879 年，安东尼娜男爵夫人玛丽亚·安东尼娅·达席尔瓦·拉莫斯把伊吉诺波利斯的土地卖给张伯伦，1880 年学校又在同一街区购得 27700 平方米地块。
• In 1884 the Chamberlains invited Horace Manley Lane, an American educator, to direct the school, and he gave it the academic standards and English-language curriculum that made its reputation.1884 年，张伯伦夫妇邀请美国教育家霍勒斯·曼利·莱恩（Horace Manley Lane）主持校务，他为之确立了严谨的学术标准与英语课程，奠定了学校声望。
• In 1896 John Theron Mackenzie, a lawyer from Phelps in New York, and his sisters gave US$50,000 for an engineering school to be run under Chamberlain's auspices.1896 年，纽约州费尔普斯的律师约翰·西伦·麦肯齐（John Theron Mackenzie）与姐妹捐资 5 万美元，用于在张伯伦主持下创办一所工学院。
• The Mackenzie building rose the following year, the college took the donors' name, and its engineering course became the first private engineering school in Brazil.次年麦肯齐大楼落成，学院采用捐赠者的姓氏命名，其工程课程成为巴西第一所私立工学院。
• The engineering school's first academic year began in February 1896, and its early diplomas were issued by the University of the State of New York rather than by a Brazilian body.工程学院于 1896 年 2 月迎来首个学年，早期文凭由纽约州立大学而非巴西机构颁发。
• Chamberlain and Lane ran an institution that taught primary, secondary and commercial courses to the children of São Paulo's coffee and industrial elites as well as to Protestant families.张伯伦与莱恩主持的学校为圣保罗咖啡与工业精英的子女以及新教家庭提供小学、中学与商科课程。
• In 1898 students founded the Mackenzie College Athletic Association, and on 3 May 1902 Mackenzie played Germânia in the first official football match in Brazilian history, winning 2-1.1898 年学生成立麦肯齐学院体育协会；1902 年 5 月 3 日，麦肯齐队与日耳曼尼亚队踢了巴西历史上第一场正式足球赛，以 2 比 1 获胜。
• Mário Eppinghaus, one of the school's founders, scored that first goal, and students from Mackenzie are credited with introducing football to Santos and Sorocaba in 1902.该校创办人之一马里奥·埃平豪斯打进那粒历史性进球，麦肯齐的学生还被认为在 1902 年把足球传入桑托斯与索罗卡巴。
• The Higienópolis woods have stood intact since 1914 and now shelter a bust of Horace Lane, while the campus itself is listed by CONDEPHAAT, the state heritage council.伊吉诺波利斯的林地自 1914 年起保持原貌，如今立有霍勒斯·莱恩的半身像；校区本身已被州遗产委员会 CONDEPHAAT 列为保护对象。
• The School of Architecture and Urbanism was founded in 1917 by Cristiano Stockler das Neves, and it is one of the oldest architecture schools in the country.建筑与城市规划学院由克里斯蒂亚诺·斯托克勒·达斯·内维斯（Cristiano Stockler das Neves）于 1917 年创办，是巴西历史最悠久的建筑学院之一。
• After the Second World War the institution added the School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters in 1946 and the School of Economics in 1950, broadening its offer beyond engineering and law.二战后，该校于 1946 年增设哲学、科学与文学院，1950 年增设经济学院，使学科超出工程与法学之外。
• In 1952, with four higher-education units, Mackenzie was recognised as a university by a decree signed by President Getúlio Vargas, and Henrique Pegado became its first rector.1952 年，拥有四个高等教育单位的麦肯齐获总统热图利奥·瓦加斯签署法令承认为大学，恩里克·佩加多（Henrique Pegado）出任首任校长。
• The Law School enrolled its first class in 1955 and quickly joined the traditional law schools of São Paulo, alongside those of the University of São Paulo and the Catholic University of São Paulo.法学院于 1955 年招收首届学生，很快与圣保罗大学、圣保罗天主教大学的法学院并列为圣保罗传统法学重镇。
• In 1965 Esther de Figueiredo Ferraz became rector, the first woman to head a Brazilian university, and she later served as federal minister of education.1965 年，埃丝特·德·菲格雷多·费拉斯（Esther de Figueiredo Ferraz）出任校长，成为巴西首位领导大学的女性，后任联邦教育部长。
• On 3 October 1968 the streets around the two campuses were the scene of the Battle of Maria Antônia, a violent clash between left-wing University of São Paulo students and Mackenzie students organised in the anti-communist CCC.1968 年 10 月 3 日，两校周边街区爆发「玛丽亚·安东尼娅之战」，左翼的圣保罗大学学生与加入反共组织 CCC 的麦肯齐学生发生激烈冲突。
• The conflict ended with the intervention of the riot squad, requested by the rectorate, and became a symbol of the polarisation of Brazilian universities under the military regime.冲突以校方请求防暴警察介入而告终，成为军政府时期巴西大学两极分化的象征。
• In 1996 the Engineering School marked its centenary with a road complex and a hydroelectric plant built for teaching and research.1996 年，工程学院以一座教学科研用道路综合体与一座水电站庆祝建院百年。
• The Mackenzie Center for Radio Astronomy and Astrophysics, CRAAM, founded the Itapetinga Radio Observatory in 1970, which was closed in 2014 and reopened in 2017 as the Pierre Kaufmann Radio Observatory.麦肯齐射电天文与天体物理中心 CRAAM 于 1970 年创办伊塔佩廷加射电天文台，该台 2014 年停运，2017 年以皮埃尔·考夫曼射电天文台之名重开。
• In 2013 the university created MackGraphe, its graphene and nanomaterials research centre, and inaugurated its seven-storey building in March 2016 in the presence of Andre Geim, who shared the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics.2013 年，该校创建石墨烯与纳米材料研究中心 MackGraphe，并于 2016 年 3 月举行七层大楼落成典礼，2010 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主安德烈·海姆到场。
• Mackenzie celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2020, the year the Engenheiro Antonio Moliterno Viaduct, named after an engineering graduate and professor, was opened.麦肯齐于 2020 年庆祝建校 150 周年，同年以工程系校友兼教授安东尼奥·莫利特尔诺命名的工程师高架桥落成。

Academics

• Teaching is grouped into centres and faculties, among them Biological and Health Sciences, Communication and Letters, Applied Social Sciences, Science and Technology, and Education, Philosophy and Theology.教学按中心与学院组织，包括生物与健康科学、传播与文学、应用社会科学、科学与技术，以及教育、哲学与神学等中心。
• The Engineering School, the School of Architecture and Urbanism, the School of Law, the School of Computing and Informatics and the School of Psychology operate as autonomous faculties within the university.工程学院、建筑与城市规划学院、法学院、计算机与信息学院以及心理学院在校内作为独立学院运作。
• Mackenzie runs more than 40 courses for about 35,000 students across its campuses, from early childhood education to doctoral programmes.麦肯齐在各校区开设 40 多个课程，在校生约 35000 人，涵盖从幼儿教育到博士阶段的学习。
• Its Engineering School was the first private engineering school in Brazil and offered the country's first chemical engineering programme.其工程学院是巴西第一所私立工学院，并开设了该国首个化学工程专业。
• The Engineering School teaches electrical, mechanical, civil, materials, production, chemical and computer engineering, and maintains laboratories in the William Alfred Wadell Building.工程学院开设电气、机械、土木、材料、生产、化学与计算机工程等专业，并在威廉·阿尔弗雷德·瓦德尔大楼设有实验室。
• The School of Architecture and Urbanism, founded in 1917, trained architects who designed landmarks such as the Itália Building, Farol Santander, Mirante do Vale and the reconstruction of the Páteo do Colégio.创办于 1917 年的建筑与城市规划学院培养了多位建筑师，他们设计了意大利大厦、桑坦德灯塔、山谷观景塔以及主教座堂广场的重建工程。
• The Law School is one of the most traditional in São Paulo and has supplied justices of the Supreme Federal Court, federal prosecutors and heads of the Brazilian Bar Association.法学院是圣保罗最传统的法学院之一，培养了联邦最高法院法官、联邦检察官与巴西律师协会负责人。
• The Faculty of Technology, opened in 1970 to train technologists for industry, became the Faculty of Computing and Informatics in 1999, and it now teaches computer science and information systems.技术学院于 1970 年开办，为工业界培养技术人才，1999 年改为计算机与信息学院，现开设计算机科学与信息系统专业。
• MackGraphe works from the modelling of nanomaterials to device application and is a sister centre of the Centre for Advanced 2D Materials at the National University of Singapore.MackGraphe 的研究从纳米材料建模延伸到器件应用，是新加坡国立大学先进二维材料中心的姊妹中心。
• The centre began operations in 2013 with a budget of about US$20 million, which covered a new building with seven floors, two basements and a class 1,000 clean room of some 200 square metres.该中心 2013 年投入运行，预算约 2000 万美元，用于建造含七层地上、两层地下与约 200 平方米千级洁净室的新楼。
• CRAAM operates the Pierre Kaufmann Radio Observatory in Atibaia together with the National Institute for Space Research, INPE, and trains students in radio astronomy.CRAAM 与国家空间研究院 INPE 合作运营阿蒂巴亚的皮埃尔·考夫曼射电天文台，并培养射电天文学学生。
• The Graduate School of Theology is the oldest unit of the university in continuous operation and trains Presbyterian ministers as well as researchers in religious studies.神学研究生院是该校持续办学历史最久的单位，培养长老会牧师与宗教研究学者。
• The university maintains a programme of scholarships and student financing, including the Mack Solidário fund and the government FIES loan scheme.该校设有奖学金与学生资助体系，包括 Mack Solidário 基金与政府 FIES 助学贷款计划。
• Scientific initiation grants introduce undergraduates to laboratory work from the first years, and the university runs its own publishing house and academic journals.本科生科研启蒙奖学金让学生从低年级起进入实验室，该校还自设出版社与学术期刊。
• Its campuses in São Paulo, Alphaville, Campinas, Brasília, Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba offer different portfolios, while the São Paulo units cover the full range from early childhood education to doctoral study.该校在圣保罗、阿尔法维尔、坎皮纳斯、巴西利亚、里约热内卢与库里蒂巴的校区各有侧重，圣保罗各单位则覆盖从幼儿教育到博士研究的完整层次。
• The Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute, which maintains the university, also runs primary and secondary schools and a hospital network, so the university remains tied to basic education and to Presbyterian welfare work.维护该校的麦肯齐长老会学院还经营中小学与医院网络，使大学与基础教育及长老会福利事业保持联系。
• In the 2024 Folha University Ranking the university led private institutions in São Paulo and took first place nationally in the job-market indicator.在 2024 年《圣保罗页报》大学排名中，该校位居圣保罗州私立院校首位，并在就业市场指标上名列全国第一。

Campus

• The main campus occupies the Higienópolis district, an upscale central neighbourhood of São Paulo, and comprises more than 50 buildings around a preserved wood at Rua da Consolação 930.主校区位于圣保罗市中心高档街区伊吉诺波利斯，在孔索拉桑街 930 号一带由 50 多座建筑环绕一片受保护的林地组成。
• In 2025 the university renamed the Higienópolis site the Reverendo George e Professora Mary Ann Chamberlain Campus, honouring the couple who began the school, in the year the institution marked its 155th anniversary.2025 年，该校将伊吉诺波利斯校区命名为乔治·张伯伦牧师与玛丽·安·张伯伦教授校区，以纪念创办学校的夫妇，这一年恰逢建校 155 周年。
• Its historic buildings follow 19th-century American models, with red brick, Georgian proportions and Renaissance, neoclassical and medieval ornaments reminiscent of Harvard or the University of Pennsylvania.其历史建筑沿袭 19 世纪美国范式，以红砖、乔治式比例与文艺复兴、新古典及中世纪装饰，令人联想到哈佛或宾夕法尼亚大学。
• The Chamberlain Building, the John Mackenzie Building and the Horace Manley Lane Building of the Law School are the best-known historic structures on the Higienópolis site.张伯伦楼、约翰·麦肯齐楼与法学院的霍勒斯·曼利·莱恩楼，是伊吉诺波利斯校区最著名的历史建筑。
• The William Alfred Wadell Building houses engineering laboratories, and busts of Horace Lane and of the architect Cristiano Stockler das Neves commemorate the school's formative figures.威廉·阿尔弗雷德·瓦德尔大楼容纳工程实验室，霍勒斯·莱恩与建筑师克里斯蒂亚诺·斯托克勒·达斯·内维斯的半身像纪念学校的奠基人物。
• MackGraphe occupies a purpose-built block opened in 2016, with seven floors above ground, two basement levels and a clean room designed for nanomaterial fabrication.MackGraphe 使用 2016 年启用的专用大楼，地上七层、地下两层，并设有为纳米材料制备设计的洁净室。
• The Pierre Kaufmann Radio Observatory stands in Atibaia, in the São Paulo metropolitan area, and is operated jointly with INPE, the National Institute for Space Research.皮埃尔·考夫曼射电天文台位于圣保罗大都会区的阿蒂巴亚，由国家空间研究院 INPE 共同运营。
• Beyond São Paulo the university runs units in Alphaville, Campinas, Brasília, Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba, the last maintained with the Evangelical Mackenzie Faculty of Paraná.在圣保罗之外，该校在阿尔法维尔、坎皮纳斯、巴西利亚、里约热内卢与库里蒂巴设有单位，其中库里蒂巴与巴拉那福音麦肯齐学院合作。
• The Higienópolis campus sits beside one of the busiest commercial corridors of the city, a few minutes from the Consolação metro station and the downtown business district.伊吉诺波利斯校区紧邻圣保罗最繁忙的商业走廊之一，距孔索拉桑地铁站与市中心商务区仅数分钟路程。

Reputation

• The 2027 QS World University Rankings list Mackenzie in the 1401+ band, the shared range applied to the final group of ranked universities.2027 年 QS 世界大学排名将麦肯齐列入 1401+ 区间，这是榜单对末段院校采用的并列区间。
• The university does not appear in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and it is absent from the 2026-2027 U.S. News global universities list.该校未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，也未出现在 2026-2027 年度 U.S. News 全球大学榜单中。
• It is likewise absent from the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities published by ShanghaiRanking, which covers mainly research-intensive universities.该校同样未进入软科发布的 2026 年世界大学学术排名，该榜主要覆盖研究密集型大学。
• Domestically, the Folha University Ranking of 2024 placed it first among private universities in São Paulo and first nationwide in the job-market indicator.在国内，2024 年《圣保罗页报》大学排名将其列为圣保罗州私立大学第一，就业市场指标居全国首位。
• The university is a reference in engineering and architecture, and its alumni include the Pritzker Prize winner Paulo Mendes da Rocha, awarded in 2006.该校在工程与建筑领域具有标杆地位，校友保罗·门德斯·达·罗查（Paulo Mendes da Rocha）于 2006 年获得普利兹克奖。
• Its sporting record includes 14 Paralympic gold medals won by the swimmer Daniel Dias and the careers of the basketball scorer Oscar Schmidt and the sailor Robert Scheidt.其体育成就包括游泳运动员丹尼尔·迪亚斯夺得的 14 枚残奥金牌，以及篮球得分手奥斯卡·施密特与帆船运动员罗伯特·沙伊特的事业。
• MackGraphe and CRAAM give the university a visible research profile in nanomaterials and radio astronomy that is unusual for a private Brazilian institution.MackGraphe 与 CRAAM 使该校在纳米材料与射电天文领域拥有醒目的科研形象，这在巴西私立院校中并不多见。
• The institution belongs to the Presbyterian network of schools and hospitals that includes the Evangelical Mackenzie Hospital of Paraná and its teaching units.该校属于长老会学校与医院网络，其中包括巴拉那福音麦肯齐医院及其教学单位。
• Its reputation rests more on undergraduate teaching, professional placement and a 150-year brand than on global research output, which the 1401+ band reflects.其声誉更多建立在本科教学、职业出路与 150 年品牌之上，而非全球科研产出，1401+ 区间正反映了这一点。

Student life

• The institutional motto is the biblical verse "E conhecereis a verdade, e a verdade vos libertará", meaning you shall know the truth and the truth shall set you free.该校的校训取自圣经经文「你们必晓得真理，真理必叫你们得以自由」，意为你们必晓得真理，真理必叫你们得以自由。
• Students and alumni are called Mackenzistas, a nickname used across generations and celebrated by the alumni association, Para Sempre Mackenzista.学生与校友被称为 Mackenzistas，这一昵称跨越数代人，并由校友组织「永远的麦肯齐人」传承。
• The Mackenzie College Athletic Association, founded in 1898, is one of the oldest student sports bodies in Brazil and still organises inter-faculty competition.成立于 1898 年的麦肯齐学院体育协会是巴西最古老的学生体育组织之一，至今仍组织院际比赛。
• Its football team played the first official match in Brazil in 1902, and the club's former players include Arthur Friedenreich and Manuel Nunes, known as Neco.其足球队参加了 1902 年巴西首场正式比赛，球队旧将包括阿图尔·弗里登赖希与绰号内科的曼努埃尔·努内斯。
• The Mackenzie National Team competes in the top divisions of chess, badminton, fencing, water polo, athletics, swimming, judo, jiu-jitsu, taekwondo, tennis, table tennis, volleyball, basketball, handball and futsal.麦肯齐校队参加国际象棋、羽毛球、击剑、水球、田径、游泳、柔道、柔术、跆拳道、网球、乒乓球、排球、篮球、手球与五人制足球的最高级别比赛。
• Athletes receive scholarships, and champions such as Oscar Schmidt, Daniel Dias and Robert Scheidt are presented as the institution's sporting ambassadors.运动员可获得奖学金，奥斯卡·施密特、丹尼尔·迪亚斯与罗伯特·沙伊特等冠军被校方视为体育形象大使。
• The Higienópolis woods, preserved since 1914, serve as an open-air gathering place between classes and host open-air events during the academic year.自 1914 年保存至今的伊吉诺波利斯林地，是课间聚会的露天场所，学年中亦在此举办露天活动。
• Chaplains and the Centre for Education, Philosophy and Theology organise worship and reflection activities, reflecting the Presbyterian identity required of a confessional university.校牧与教育、哲学与神学中心组织礼拜与反思活动，体现这所教会大学所要求的长老会属性。

Notable people

• George Whitehill Chamberlain, the Presbyterian missionary who began teaching in his living room in 1870, is honoured as the founder of the institution.1870 年在自家客厅开课的长老会传教士乔治·怀特希尔·张伯伦，被尊为该校创始人。
• Horace Manley Lane, invited in 1884 to direct the American School, shaped its curriculum and gives his name to the Law School building.1884 年受邀主持美国学校的霍勒斯·曼利·莱恩塑造了该校课程，法学院大楼以他命名。
• John Theron Mackenzie, whose 1896 donation financed the engineering school, gave the institution the name it has carried since.约翰·西伦·麦肯齐 1896 年的捐款资助了工学院，学校自此沿用他的姓氏。
• Esther de Figueiredo Ferraz, rector from 1965, was the first woman to lead a Brazilian university and later served as minister of education.1965 年起任校长的埃丝特·德·菲格雷多·费拉斯是巴西首位领导大学的女性，后出任教育部长。
• Paulo Mendes da Rocha, a graduate of the School of Architecture, received the Pritzker Prize in 2006 and designed landmarks such as the Brazilian Museum of Sculpture.建筑学院校友保罗·门德斯·达·罗查于 2006 年获普利兹克奖，设计了巴西雕塑博物馆等地标。
• Oscar Schmidt, the basketball scorer known as Mão Santa, and the sailor Robert Scheidt, a multiple Olympic medallist, are counted among Mackenzie's athletes.绰号「圣手」的篮球得分手奥斯卡·施密特与多枚奥运奖牌得主、帆船运动员罗伯特·沙伊特，均被列为麦肯齐运动员。
• Daniel Dias, a swimmer with 14 Paralympic gold medals, trained and competed under Mackenzie colours and is one of Brazil's most decorated Paralympians.拥有 14 枚残奥金牌的游泳运动员丹尼尔·迪亚斯代表麦肯齐训练与比赛，是巴西获奖最多的残奥选手之一。
• Emerson Fittipaldi, Formula One world champion in 1972 and 1974, and the navigator Amyr Klink, known for solo Atlantic crossings, are also listed as alumni.1972 与 1974 年一级方程式世界冠军埃默森·菲蒂帕尔迪，以及以独自横渡大西洋闻名的航海家阿米尔·克林克，也被列为校友。
• Chu Ming Silveira, a Chinese-Brazilian architect, designed the Orelhão public telephone kiosk, whose shell became a familiar object across Brazil and Latin America.华裔巴西建筑师朱明·西尔维拉（Chu Ming Silveira）设计了「奥雷良」公共电话亭，其外壳成为巴西与拉美街头常见的形象。
• Eros Roberto Grau, a former justice of the Supreme Federal Court, and Cláudio Lembo, the 57th governor of São Paulo, are among its law graduates.前联邦最高法院法官埃罗斯·罗伯托·格劳与圣保罗州第 57 任州长克劳迪奥·伦博，均为其法学毕业生。
• Ibaneis Rocha, governor of the Federal District since 2019, and Rubens Paiva, the congressman killed under the military regime in 1971, also studied at Mackenzie.2019 年起任联邦区州长的伊巴内伊斯·罗沙，以及 1971 年在军政府时期遇害的众议员鲁本斯·帕伊瓦，也曾在麦肯齐就读。