Universidad Externado de Colombia

The Universidad Externado de Colombia, known in English as Externado University, is a private, secular university on the eastern edge of La Candelaria in Bogotá, founded on 15 February 1886 by the jurist and educator Nicolás Pinzón Warlosten and now teaching about 12,500 students in law, economics, government and the social sciences.哥伦比亚外侨大学（Universidad Externado de Colombia）是波哥大拉坎德拉里亚东缘的一所私立世俗大学，由法学家与教育家尼古拉斯·平松·瓦洛斯特于 1886 年 2 月 15 日创办，现有约 12,500 名学生，研习法律、经济、政府与社会科学。

It describes itself as Colombia's first secular university institution, grew out of the radical liberal response to the Catholic Restoration known as La Regeneración, and took its name from the European non-boarding model of higher education. The 1886 Constitution, adopted the same year, restored Catholicism as the official religion and tightened church control over schooling.该校自称哥伦比亚首个世俗大学机构，源自激进自由派对天主教「复兴运动」的回应，其名称取自欧洲不收寄宿生的高等教育模式。同年颁布的 1886 年宪法恢复天主教为国教，并加强教会对学校的控制。

The Externado is placed in the 1001-1200 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, ranked 77th in Latin America in the QS regional table for 2026 and tenth in Colombia, a table that weighs academic reputation, employer reputation, citations per paper and faculty-student ratio. OpenAlex indexes 8,012 works and 18,503 citations for it.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列 1001-1200 区间，在 2026 年 QS 拉美地区排名中列第 77 位、哥伦比亚第 10 位，该榜单综合学术声誉、雇主声誉、篇均引用与师生比等指标。OpenAlex 收录其 8,012 项成果与 18,503 次引用。

History

• In 1885 the conservative victory in the civil war consolidated La Regeneración, a period that restricted secular teaching and placed education under Catholic supervision.1885 年，保守派在内战中获胜，「复兴运动」得以巩固，这一时期限制世俗教学并把教育置于天主教会监督之下。
• On 15 February 1886 Nicolás Pinzón Warlosten, a 27-year-old jurist, founded the Externado with a group of professors from the radical liberal tradition.1886 年 2 月 15 日，27 岁的法学家尼古拉斯·平松·瓦洛斯特与一批激进自由主义传统的教授共同创办了外侨大学。
• The founders chose the name Externado because they rejected the boarding-school model of medieval origin and wanted an institution open to free inquiry and free teaching.创办者选择「外侨」之名，是因为他们反对中世纪起源的寄宿学校模式，希望建立一所对自由探究与自由教学开放的机构。
• Classes began in scantily furnished rooms amid economic hardship and official hostility, and the founders admitted students from every region regardless of creed or party.学校在经济困窘与官方敌意中于陈设简陋的房间里开课，创办者不分信仰与党派招收全国各地的学生。
• Pinzón served as rector until his death in 1895 during the civil war of that year, after which the institution closed for more than two decades.平松任校长直至 1895 年在该年内战中去世，此后学校关闭了二十余年。
• In 1918 the Externado reopened under Diego Mendoza Pérez, a sociologist who led it until 1933 and re-established its law teaching.1918 年，外侨大学在社会学家迭戈·门多萨·佩雷斯主持下复校，他领导学校至 1933 年并重建法学教学。
• Ricardo Hinestrosa Daza became rector in 1933 and served for thirty years, consolidating the law faculty and the institution's liberal identity.里卡多·伊内斯特罗萨·达萨于 1933 年出任校长，任职三十年，巩固了法学院与学校的自由主义传统。
• In 1958 the institution obtained full university status, which allowed it to award full university degrees, create faculties beyond law and expand its academic offerings.1958 年，学校获得完整大学地位，从而能够授予完整大学学位、在法学之外设立学院并扩展学术项目。
• In 1960 Fernando Hinestrosa and his father bought the first lot on the eastern hills of Bogotá, the site on which the present campus would gradually be built.1960 年，费尔南多·伊内斯特罗萨与其父在波哥大东侧山地购入第一块土地，今日校园便由此逐步建成。
• In 1963 Fernando Hinestrosa became rector at the age of 32 and held the post for 49 years, until his death in 2012.1963 年，费尔南多·伊内斯特罗萨在 32 岁时出任校长，任职 49 年，直至 2012 年去世。
• He oversaw the gradual construction of a campus of eleven buildings, the growth of undergraduate programmes to 17 and of graduate programmes to more than 200.他主持逐步建成拥有十一座建筑的校园，并使本科项目增至 17 个、研究生项目增至 200 多个。
• Hinestrosa served as minister of justice from 1968 to 1970 in the government of Carlos Lleras Restrepo and later as Colombia's ambassador to the Holy See in 1989.伊内斯特罗萨于 1968 至 1970 年在卡洛斯·耶拉斯·雷斯特雷波政府中任司法部长，后于 1989 年出任哥伦比亚驻教廷大使。
• In 1986 the university marked its centenary, a hundred years after Pinzón's founding, with publications on its history and a renewed emphasis on liberal education.1986 年，该校在平松创办百年之际庆祝建校百年，出版校史著作并重申博雅教育理念。
• In 2005 UNESCO established a chair in human rights, violence, public policies and governance at the university, which has since run seminars and research on constitutional and international law.2005 年，联合国教科文组织在该校设立人权、暴力、公共政策与治理教席，此后围绕宪法与国际法开设研讨课并开展研究。
• Hinestrosa died in March 2012, and Juan Carlos Henao, a former student and constitutional court magistrate, succeeded him as rector.伊内斯特罗萨于 2012 年 3 月去世，其学生、前宪法法院法官胡安·卡洛斯·埃纳奥接任校长。
• The university marked its 130th anniversary in 2016, by which time it had become one of Colombia's principal centres for law, economics and public policy.该校于 2016 年迎来建校 130 周年，此时它已成为哥伦比亚法律、经济与公共政策的主要中心之一。
• Hernando Parra Nieto became rector in 2021, after Henao, who sat on the government's Havana negotiating team, had led the university through the pandemic.2021 年，费尔南多·帕拉·涅托出任校长，此前曾在政府哈瓦那谈判团队任职的埃纳奥带领学校度过了疫情。
• Juan Carlos Henao died on 2 January 2024, and the university remembered him as a jurist who defended the 1991 Constitution and sat on the government's Havana negotiating team.胡安·卡洛斯·埃纳奥于 2024 年 1 月 2 日去世，学校纪念他是一位捍卫 1991 年宪法的法学家，也是政府哈瓦那谈判团队成员。
• Its institutional accreditation from the National Accreditation Council runs for eight years, the second-longest term available in the Colombian system.该校获国家认证委员会授予的八年期机构认证，这是哥伦比亚高教体系中第二长的认证期限。
• The library grew to about 160,000 volumes, including some 50,000 law titles and the 18,000-volume collection of the Carlos Restrepo Piedrahíta Institute.图书馆藏书增至约 16 万册，其中约 5 万册为法学专著，另有卡洛斯·雷斯特雷波·彼德拉伊塔研究所的 1.8 万册藏书。
• The campus expanded to 65,000 square metres on the slopes of the Cerros Orientales, with gardens, forest and eleven academic buildings that house the ten faculties and the central library.校园在东侧山麓扩展至 6.5 万平方米，包含花园、林地与十一座教学楼，十个学院与中央图书馆均设于这些建筑之中，教学、研究与行政功能集中于一处。

Academics

• The university is organised into ten faculties, from the Business School and the Tourism School to the Law School, and its 17 undergraduate programmes span business administration, tourism and hotel management, education, social and human sciences, communication and journalism, public accounting, law, economics, cultural heritage and finance, government and international relations.该校设有十个学院，从商学院、旅游学院到法学院，17 个本科项目覆盖工商管理、旅游与酒店管理、教育学、社会与人文科学、传播与新闻、公共会计、法学、经济学、文化遗产以及金融、政府与国际关系。
• The university offers more than 200 postgraduate programmes, including specialisations, master's degrees and doctorates, and it teaches them in eleven Colombian cities.该校开设 200 多个研究生项目，包括专业方向、硕士与博士，并在哥伦比亚十一座城市授课。
• Law is taught in the Law School, its flagship faculty, with about 50,000 volumes in the law collection, roughly one-third of the library's holdings.法学由该校王牌学院法学院教授，法学馆藏约 5 万册，约占图书馆全部藏书的三分之一。
• The Government School combines economics, public finance and diplomatic training, and it houses the university's programmes in international relations.政府学院结合经济学、公共财政与外交训练，并承担该校的国际关系项目。
• The Social Sciences School covers anthropology, philosophy, geography, history, psychology, sociology and social work.社会科学学院涵盖人类学、哲学、地理学、历史学、心理学、社会学与社会工作。
• The Heritage School teaches museology, archaeology and restoration, drawing on the university's museum and archive.遗产学院教授博物馆学、考古学与修复，教学依托该校的博物馆与档案馆。
• The Journalism School trains reporters and media analysts and maintains links with Colombian newsrooms.新闻学院培养记者与媒体分析人才，并与哥伦比亚新闻编辑室保持联系。
• The UNESCO Chair in Human Rights, Violence, Public Policies and Governance, created in 2005, runs seminars and research on transitional justice and constitutional rights.2005 年设立的人权、暴力、公共政策与治理教席，围绕转型正义与宪法权利开设研讨课并开展研究。
• The Piedrahíta Institute of Constitutional Studies holds 18,000 works and supports research on Colombian constitutional history.彼德拉伊塔宪法研究所藏有 1.8 万册文献，支持哥伦比亚宪法史研究。
• The library holds about 160,000 volumes in law, social sciences, economics, administration, international relations, art and humanities, and it runs a virtual library linked to inter-library networks alongside a newspaper archive and a heritage collection.图书馆藏有约 16 万册法律、社会科学、经济、管理、国际关系、艺术与人文类图书，并运营连接馆际网络的虚拟图书馆、报刊档案馆与遗产文献特藏。
• The Lux non occidat Museum and Historical Archive preserves the university's documentary heritage and mounts exhibitions on its 1886 founding and later development.「光不熄灭」博物馆与历史档案馆保存该校文献遗产，并就其 1886 年创办及后续发展举办展览。
• The Language and Culture Centre teaches foreign languages to students and the public and supports language study across the faculties.语言与文化中心为学生与公众教授外语，并支持各学院的语言学习。
• A Department of Mathematics and a Department of Interdisciplinary Studies provide service teaching and joint programmes across the faculties.数学系与跨学科研究系为各学院提供基础教学与联合项目。
• Programme-level accreditation covers law, finance and international relations, government and international relations, accounting, journalism, economics and business administration.项目层面的认证覆盖法学、金融与国际关系、政府与国际关系、会计、新闻、经济与工商管理。
• Admission requires the Colombian bachiller certificate and the Saber 11 state examination, while the SAT or ACT is accepted from American transfer applicants.入学要求哥伦比亚高中毕业证书与 Saber 11 国家考试，美国转学生可提交 SAT 或 ACT 成绩。
• Instruction is primarily in Spanish, although some graduate and international programmes include modules taught in English.教学主要以西班牙语进行，部分研究生与国际项目包含英语授课模块。
• The university runs postgraduate programmes in eleven Colombian cities, extending its law and government teaching beyond Bogotá.该校在哥伦比亚十一座城市开设研究生项目，把法学与政府学教学延伸至波哥大之外。
• It reserves places and scholarships for indigenous students, admitting about sixty each year through a dedicated access programme.该校为原住民学生保留名额与奖学金，每年通过专门招生计划录取约六十人。

Campus

• The campus occupies 65,000 square metres on the eastern edge of La Candelaria, at Calle 12 No. 1-17 Este, at the foot of the Cerro de Guadalupe.校园占地 6.5 万平方米，位于拉坎德拉里亚东缘的东 12 街 1-17 号，地处瓜达卢佩山脚下。
• Eleven academic buildings stand among gardens and woodland, and the university also uses old houses in La Candelaria and the neighbouring Egipto district.十一座教学楼矗立于花园与林地之间，学校还使用拉坎德拉里亚与邻近埃及托区的老宅。
• About 40,000 plants were set out across 4,290 square metres, and some 5,400 trees and shrubs grow on 42,430 square metres within the forest reserve.校园在 4290 平方米范围内种植约 4 万株植物，森林保护区内另有约 5400 株树木与灌木，占地 42,430 平方米。
• El Alcázar, a 14-hectare recreational site in northern Bogotá, provides sports installations and halls for academic retreats and cultural activities.位于波哥大北部的埃尔阿尔卡萨尔休养地占地 14 公顷，设有体育设施以及用于学术静修与文化活动的厅堂。
• The library building houses the 160,000-volume collection, reading rooms and the virtual library services used by all faculties.图书馆大楼容纳 16 万册藏书、阅览室以及各学院共用的虚拟图书馆服务。
• The Lux non occidat Museum and Historical Archive occupies part of the campus and is open to researchers and visitors.「光不熄灭」博物馆与历史档案馆占据校园一部分，向研究者与访客开放。
• The campus sits within a forest reserve, so new building is restricted and the gardens form a continuous green edge along the hillside, acting as an ecological buffer for eastern Bogotá.校园位于森林保护区之内，新建工程受到限制，花园沿山坡形成连续的绿色边缘，也成为波哥大东部的一处生态缓冲带。
• Its location places students within walking distance of the Palace of Justice, the Congress and several ministries, a practical advantage for law and government students.这一位置使学生步行即可到达司法宫、国会与多个部委，对法学与政府学学生尤为便利。
• Bogotá's altitude of about 2,600 metres gives the campus a cool, wet climate and makes its indoor common rooms central to daily life.波哥大海拔约 2600 米，校园气候凉爽湿润，室内公共空间因此成为日常生活的重要部分。
• The campus is bounded by Calle 12 and Carrera 1 Este, two of La Candelaria's main streets, and its entrances open directly onto the historic grid.校园以拉坎德拉里亚两条主要街道——东 12 街与东 1 号大道——为界，校门直接开向历史城区的街巷。

Reputation

• The Externado is placed in the 1001-1200 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, a tied interval in the global table.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，哥伦比亚外侨大学位列 1001-1200 区间，这是全球榜单中的一个并列区间。
• It stood in the 951-1000 band of the QS World University Rankings 2026, before slipping into the 1001-1200 band in the 2027 edition.该校在 2026 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列 951-1000 区间，后在 2027 年版中降至 1001-1200 区间。
• In the QS Latin America and the Caribbean Rankings 2026 it ranked 77th in the region and tenth in Colombia.在 2026 年 QS 拉美及加勒比地区排名中，该校列地区第 77 位、哥伦比亚第 10 位。
• It did not enter the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, and it is absent from the U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 and the Shanghai ARWU 2026 main tables.该校未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，也未出现在 US News 2026-2027 全球最佳大学榜与 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜中。
• OpenAlex indexes 8,012 works and 18,503 citations for the university, a body of research concentrated in law, economics, public policy and the social sciences, with a citation count lower than those of Colombia's largest research universities.OpenAlex 收录该校 8,012 项成果与 18,503 次引用，研究集中于法律、经济、公共政策与社会科学，其引用量低于哥伦比亚规模最大的几所研究型大学。
• Its eight-year institutional accreditation is the second-longest term granted by Colombia's National Accreditation Council.该校获得的八年期机构认证是哥伦比亚国家认证委员会授予的第二长认证期限。
• The Law School's reputation rests on its constitutional law institute, its 50,000-volume collection and its graduates' presence in the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and the justice ministry.法学院的声誉建立在宪法研究所、5 万册馆藏以及毕业生在宪法法院、最高法院与司法部的任职之上。
• The university is a founding member of the Colombian Association of Universities (ASCUN) and belongs to UDUAL and the International Association of Universities.该校是哥伦比亚大学协会（ASCUN）的创始成员，并加入拉美大学联盟（UDUAL）与国际大学协会。
• Its graduates include a president of Colombia, a mayor of Bogotá, a minister of justice and several magistrates, giving it unusual political visibility for a university of 12,500 students.其毕业生包括哥伦比亚总统、波哥大市长、司法部长与多位法官，这对一所仅有 12,500 名学生的大学而言政治能见度极高。
• It is one of the Colombian universities placed in the top 100 of the QS Latin America and the Caribbean table for 2026, alongside the much larger National University of Colombia and University of the Andes.该校是进入 2026 年 QS 拉美及加勒比百强的哥伦比亚高校之一，与规模大得多的哥伦比亚国立大学和安第斯大学同列。
• Its research profile is strongest in constitutional law, regulation, public finance and cultural heritage, fields in which it competes with Colombia's largest universities, and its law review, Derecho del Estado, circulates throughout Latin America.该校的研究优势集中在宪法、监管、公共财政与文化遗产，在这些领域与哥伦比亚规模最大的大学竞争，其《国家法》期刊在拉美各地流通。

Student life

• Its motto is Post tenebras spero lucem, Latin for After darkness I hope for light, a phrase adopted from the Protestant Reformation.该校校训为「Post tenebras spero lucem」，拉丁语意为「黑暗之后我期待光明」，语出宗教改革传统。
• Because the name Externado denotes a non-boarding institution, most students commute from Bogotá and the university has no residential college system.由于「外侨」之名意味着非寄宿机构，多数学生从波哥大各处通勤上学，学校没有住宿学院体系。
• The gardens and forested slopes function as the campus's social space, with students gathering on the terraces between classes.花园与林木覆盖的山坡充当校园的社交空间，学生在课间聚集于露台。
• El Alcázar gives students access to sports fields, courts and rooms for cultural activities outside the crowded historic centre.埃尔阿尔卡萨尔为学生提供运动场、球场与文化活动中用房，远离拥挤的历史中心。
• Student associations organise debates, seminars, legal clinics and cultural events, and the law school's clinic offers free legal advice to low-income clients.学生社团组织辩论、研讨、法律诊所与文化活动，法学院的诊所则为低收入当事人提供免费法律咨询。
• The Lux non occidat Museum and Historical Archive gives students direct access to the documents of the university's own history.「光不熄灭」博物馆与历史档案馆让学生直接接触学校自身历史的文献。
• The university marks its anniversary on 15 February, the date of its founding in 1886, with academic ceremonies and alumni reunions.该校以 1886 年创办日 2 月 15 日作为校庆日，举行学术典礼与校友聚会。
• Its scholarship programme for indigenous students, admitting about sixty a year, is one of the ways the university pursues the pluralism proclaimed by its founders.该校每年录取约六十名原住民学生的奖学金计划，是实现创办者所宣示的多元主义的方式之一。
• Student life is closely tied to La Candelaria, whose museums, theatres and cafés surround the campus and shape the university's urban character, with students moving between the campus, the courts and the city's bookshops.学生生活与拉坎德拉里亚紧密相连，周边博物馆、剧院与咖啡馆环绕校园，塑造了大学的城市气质，学生在校园、法院与旧书店之间往来。

Notable people

• Nicolás Pinzón Warlosten founded the university in 1886 at the age of 27 and served as its first rector until his death in 1895.尼古拉斯·平松·瓦洛斯特于 1886 年 27 岁时创办该校，并任首任校长至 1895 年去世。
• Diego Mendoza Pérez, a sociologist, was rector from 1918 to 1933 and rebuilt the institution after its long closure.社会学家迭戈·门多萨·佩雷斯于 1918 至 1933 年任校长，在长期停办后重建了学校。
• Ricardo Hinestrosa Daza was rector from 1933 to 1963 and prepared the transition to full university status in 1958.里卡多·伊内斯特罗萨·达萨于 1933 至 1963 年任校长，为 1958 年获得完整大学地位作了准备。
• Fernando Hinestrosa was rector from 1963 until his death in 2012, served as minister of justice in 1968-1970, and was awarded the Orden de la Justicia shortly before his death.费尔南多·伊内斯特罗萨于 1963 年至 2012 年去世前任校长，1968 至 1970 年任司法部长，并在去世前不久获司法勋章。
• Hinestrosa also sat on the Supreme Court of Justice in 1967-1968, held honorary doctorates from the University of Paris II Panthéon-Assas, the University of Urbino and the University of Guadalajara, and was an officer of the French Legion of Honour.伊内斯特罗萨还在 1967 至 1968 年任最高法院法官，并拥有巴黎第二大学、乌尔比诺大学与瓜达拉哈拉大学的荣誉博士学位，获法国荣誉军团军官勋位。
• Juan Carlos Henao was rector from 2012 to 2021, sat on Colombia's Constitutional Court from 2009 and was part of the government team that negotiated the 2016 peace agreement with the FARC.胡安·卡洛斯·埃纳奥于 2012 至 2021 年任校长，2009 年起任哥伦比亚宪法法院法官，并参加政府与哥伦比亚革命武装力量 2016 年和平协议的谈判。
• Hernando Parra Nieto has been rector since 2021 and is listed as rector in the university's management report for 2024.费尔南多·帕拉·涅托自 2021 年起任校长，该校 2024 年管理报告仍将其列为校长。
• Gustavo Petro, an economics graduate, was a member of the M-19 guerrilla movement before its demobilisation in 1990, later served as a representative and senator, was mayor of Bogotá from 2012 to 2015 and became president of Colombia in 2022.经济学毕业生古斯塔沃·佩特罗在 1990 年 M-19 游击队解除武装前曾是其成员，后任众议员与参议员、2012 至 2015 年任波哥大市长，并于 2022 年当选哥伦比亚总统。
• Claudia López Hernández, a political scientist with a doctorate from Northwestern University, was mayor of Bogotá from 2020 to 2023, a senator from 2014 to 2018 and a leading voice on transparency and anti-corruption policy.政治学家克劳迪娅·洛佩斯·埃尔南德斯拥有西北大学博士学位，于 2020 至 2023 年任波哥大市长、2014 至 2018 年任参议员，是透明与反腐政策的重要倡导者。
• Rodrigo Lara Bonilla, a lawyer and minister of justice from 1983 to 1984, was assassinated in 1984 after pursuing drug traffickers.律师罗德里戈·拉腊·博尼利亚于 1983 至 1984 年任司法部长，在追查毒贩后于 1984 年遇刺身亡。
• Daniel Coronell, a journalism graduate, became one of Colombia's best-known investigative reporters and later president of Univision News.新闻学毕业生丹尼尔·科罗内尔成为哥伦比亚最知名的调查记者之一，后任 Univisión 新闻部总裁。
• Fabiola Posada, known as La Gorda Fabiola, was a comedian and actress and one of the university's most popular alumni until her death in 2024.法比奥拉·波萨达人称「胖法比奥拉」，是喜剧演员与女演员，也是该校最受欢迎的校友之一，2024 年去世。
• Alberto Lleras Camargo, twice president of Colombia, studied law at the Externado without completing the degree, and remains one of its most cited former students.两度出任哥伦比亚总统的阿尔贝托·列拉斯·卡马戈曾在外侨大学学习法律但未完成学位，至今仍是该校最常被提及的学生之一。