Universidad de Tarapaca

The University of Tarapacá (UTA, Universidad de Tarapacá) is a public university in Arica, in Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region, created by Decree with Force of Law 150 of 11 December 1981, one of the new state universities of the military-era reform, and opened in 1982.塔拉帕卡大学（Universidad de Tarapacá，UTA）是智利阿里卡-帕里纳科塔大区阿里卡的一所公立大学，根据 1981 年 12 月 11 日第 150 号具有法律效力的法令创建，1982 年开始办学。

It occupies the former Arica seats of the University of Chile and the Universidad del Norte, and now runs three campuses in Arica plus a sede in Iquique, with 44 undergraduate and 27 postgraduate programmes distributed between the coastal campuses and the inland valley.该校继承智利大学与北方大学在阿里卡的原有校区，现于阿里卡设三个校区并在伊基克设分校，开设 44 个本科与 27 个研究生项目。

QS placed UTA in the 1401+ band of its World University Rankings 2027, and its archaeological museum in the Azapa Valley at San Miguel de Azapa holds the Chinchorro mummies, whose culture's settlement and mummification sites entered the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2021.QS 在 2027 年世界大学排名中把该校列入 1401+ 并列区间，其圣米格尔-德阿萨帕考古博物馆收藏钦乔罗木乃伊，相关遗址于 2021 年列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产。

History

• Decree with Force of Law 150 of 11 December 1981 created the University of Tarapacá as an autonomous corporation under public law, with its own legal personality and assets, within the military regime's decentralisation of higher education, which converted regional branches into autonomous institutions, and it fixed Arica as the seat of the new university.1981 年 12 月 11 日第 150 号具有法律效力的法令创建塔拉帕卡大学，将其定为享有法人资格与独立财产的自治公法团体，属于军政府高等教育去中心化改革的一部分。
• The new university absorbed the Instituto Profesional de Arica, which had been formed from the Arica seats of the University of Chile and the Universidad del Norte during the same 1981 reform.新大学吸收了阿里卡专业学院，该学院在同一场 1981 年改革中由智利大学与北方大学的阿里卡校区合并而成。
• UTA therefore descends from two regional branches, and many of its founding professors came from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, which had created the Universidad del Norte.因此该校承袭两个地区分校的脉络，其创校教授中有不少来自创办北方大学的瓦尔帕莱索天主教大学。
• Teaching began in 1982 with the Faculty of Sciences and the Faculty of Education and Humanities, the two units that defined its first academic profile.1982 年开课时设理学部与教育与人文部，这两个单位奠定了学校最初的学术格局。
• The university has belonged since its creation to the Council of Rectors of Chilean Universities and later joined the Consortium of State Universities and the Association of Regional Universities.该校自创建起即加入智利大学校长委员会，后来又加入国立大学联盟与地区大学协会。
• In 1994 a property operation gave UTA the Saucache and Azapa campuses, which became the core of its teaching and research, with Saucache, which had housed the Universidad del Norte's Arica seat, turning into the administrative and library hub and Azapa providing land for agriculture and archaeology.1994 年的一次地产运作使学校获得绍卡切与阿萨帕两处校区，它们成为该校在阿里卡教学与研究的核心。
• The Iquique sede was established in 2002 on Avenida Luis Emilio Recabarren, and teaching there began in 2003, extending the university into the Tarapacá Region and giving students in the mining and port city access to degree programmes close to home.伊基克分校于 2002 年在路易斯·埃米利奥·雷卡瓦伦大道设立，2003 年开始授课，把大学扩展到塔拉帕卡大区。
• The central library at Saucache opened in 2004, and its annex followed in 2005 together with the creation of the university schools, and the library became the largest in the region.绍卡切中央图书馆于 2004 年启用，其附楼于 2005 年建成，大学学院也在同年创设。
• The Institute of Advanced Research was created in 2006 to concentrate research, indexed publications and international collaboration in Arica.高等研究院于 2006 年成立，旨在集中该校在阿里卡的研究、索引期刊发表与国际合作。
• In 2007 the university began building the Esmeralda sede in Iquique and leased part of its Velásquez campus to the regional government of Arica y Parinacota.2007 年，学校开始建造伊基克的埃斯梅拉达分校，并把贝拉斯克斯校区的部分设施租给阿里卡-帕里纳科塔大区政府。
• The 2011 reorganisation grouped teaching into five faculties and five university schools, with 44 undergraduate programmes and 27 postgraduate programmes, including five doctorates.2011 年的重组把教学归入五个学部与五所大学学院，开设 44 个本科项目与 27 个研究生项目，其中含 5 个博士项目。
• The National Accreditation Commission awarded UTA five years of accreditation for 2012-2017, covering institutional management, undergraduate teaching, research and outreach.智利国家认证委员会曾授予该校 2012 至 2017 年的五年认证，覆盖机构管理、本科教学、研究与对外联络。
• In June 2023 the commission extended accreditation to six years, running to June 2029, one year short of the maximum available in Chile, recognising progress in research and regional engagement and improving on its previous five-year term.2023 年 6 月，该委员会把认证延长至六年，有效期至 2029 年 6 月，距智利最长认证期仅差一年。
• By 2024 the university had grown to nine faculties administering six schools and 22 departments, spread across Arica and Iquique.到 2024 年，学校已发展为九个学部，下辖六所学院与 22 个系，分布在阿里卡与伊基克。
• In 2021 the settlement and artificial mummification of the Chinchorro culture were inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage, recognition in which UTA's archaeologists and museum played a central part by documenting the sites and supporting the nomination dossier.2021 年，钦乔罗文化的聚落与人工木乃伊制作技艺列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产，该校考古学家与博物馆在其中发挥了核心作用。
• The university marked its fortieth anniversary in 2021 and will complete forty-five years in 2026, presenting itself as the principal public university of Chile's far north.学校于 2021 年庆祝建校四十周年，并将在 2026 年迎来四十五周年，以智利极北地区主要公立大学自居。
• The Arica campus preserves buildings from the University of Chile branch, including the Velásquez site where the rectorate and Aula Magna now stand.阿里卡校园保留智利大学分校时期的建筑，包括如今设校部与礼堂的贝拉斯克斯校区。
• The 1981 reform also created a technical-training sector, and UTA later added the Centro de Formación Técnica de Tarapacá as its vocational arm.1981 年改革还创立了技术培训体系，塔拉帕卡大学后来设立塔拉帕卡技术培训中心作为其职业教育部门。
• Its seismological centre, created in 1995 with eight stations, monitors earthquakes in Arica y Parinacota, southern Peru and the Bolivian border.该校地震中心于 1995 年成立，设八个台站，监测阿里卡-帕里纳科塔、秘鲁南部与玻利维亚边境的地震活动。
• UTA's growth has been closely tied to the Arica region's free-port economy, its port and its position as a gateway between Chile, Peru and Bolivia.该校的成长与阿里卡自由港经济、港口以及智利、秘鲁、玻利维亚之间门户的地位紧密相连。
• The 1981 reform was part of a nationwide restructuring that turned regional branches of older universities into autonomous institutions, and UTA was one of the new universities created in that process, alongside others across the country.1981 年改革是全国性重组的一部分，把原有大学的地区分校改为自治机构，塔拉帕卡大学便是这一过程中新建的大学之一。

Academics

• UTA offers 44 undergraduate programmes and 27 postgraduate programmes, of which 22 are master's degrees and five are doctorates, across its Arica campuses and the Iquique sede.该校在阿里卡各校区与伊基克分校开设 44 个本科项目与 27 个研究生项目，其中 22 个硕士、5 个博士。
• Nine faculties, six university schools and 22 departments organise teaching in sciences, engineering, health, social sciences, law, education, humanities, business and agronomy, through units such as the Engineering School, the Business School and the Education School.九个学部、六所大学学院与 22 个系组织理学、工程、健康、社会科学、法律、教育、人文、商学与农学的教学。
• The Faculty of Sciences, based at Velásquez and Saucache, teaches physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics and geology for the university's engineering and health programmes.理学部设在贝拉斯克斯与绍卡切校区，为学校工程与健康类专业教授物理、化学、生物、数学与地质学。
• Archaeology and anthropology are the university's international signature, built around the Department of Archaeology and Museology and the San Miguel de Azapa museum, whose collections span textiles, tools, funerary bundles and human remains from the valley and the coast.考古学与人类学是该校的国际标志，依托考古与博物馆学系以及圣米格尔-德阿萨帕博物馆。
• The museum houses one of the world's largest collections of Chinchorro mummies, including naturally and artificially mummified bodies up to seven thousand years old.该博物馆收藏世界上规模最大的钦乔罗木乃伊群之一，包括自然形成与人工制作的木乃伊，年代最久可达七千年。
• The Agronomy School uses the 85-hectare Azapa campus for research on olives, vegetables, tropical fruit and desert irrigation in the Azapa Valley, where olives, tomatoes and tropical fruit are the region's best-known crops.农学部利用 85 公顷的阿萨帕校区，研究阿萨帕谷地的橄榄、蔬菜、热带水果与沙漠灌溉。
• Engineering programmes cover civil, electrical, computer, industrial and environmental engineering, with the Iquique sede teaching civil electrical and computer engineering.工程类专业涵盖土木、电气、计算机、工业与环境工程，伊基克分校开设电气与计算机土木工程。
• The Faculty of Education and Humanities trains teachers and researchers in education, history, literature and languages, a mission inherited from the former University of Chile branch.教育与人文部培养教育、历史、文学与语言领域的教师与研究者，这一使命继承自原智利大学分校。
• Law, psychology and social work are taught mainly at Saucache and Iquique, and the Law School prepares students for practice in northern Chile.法律、心理学与社会工作主要在绍卡切与伊基克授课，法学项目面向智利北部的执业需求。
• The business school offers commercial engineering, accounting and public administration, connecting the university to Arica's free port and service economy.商学院开设商业工程、会计与公共管理专业，把大学与阿里卡自由港及服务经济连接起来。
• The Institute of Advanced Research, created in 2006, hosts cross-disciplinary projects in physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics and materials science.2006 年成立的高等研究院承接物理、化学、生物、数学与材料科学的跨学科项目。
• UTA publishes Chungará, a journal of Andean archaeology founded in 1972, together with Idesia on agriculture and Diálogo Andino on regional history and culture, and Chungará is one of the oldest archaeology journals in South America.该校出版 1972 年创办的安第斯考古期刊《Chungará》，以及农业期刊《Idesia》与地区历史文化期刊《Diálogo Andino》。
• The seismological centre operates eight stations and supplies data to national and international networks monitoring the subduction zone off northern Chile, recording the frequent earthquakes that affect Arica and southern Peru.地震中心运营八个台站，向监测智利北部俯冲带的国内外网络提供数据。
• The Centro de Formación Técnica de Tarapacá offers vocational programmes at Velásquez, giving the university a technical-training arm alongside its degrees.塔拉帕卡技术培训中心在贝拉斯克斯校区开设职业课程，使大学在学位教育之外拥有技术培训部门。
• The Escuela Universitaria de Educación Virtual coordinates online and distance programmes, extending UTA's reach to students across northern Chile.虚拟教育大学学院统筹在线与远程项目，把该校的影响扩展到智利北部各地学生。
• About 82 per cent of its academics hold a master's or doctoral degree, a figure the university presents as evidence of its research capacity.该校约 82% 的教师拥有硕士或博士学位，校方以此作为科研能力的证明。
• Times Higher Education recorded 10,605 full-time-equivalent students for 2027, a student-to-staff ratio of 28.8 to 1 and 7.2 per cent international students.泰晤士高等教育为 2027 年记录 10605 名全日制等效学生，师生比 28.8 比 1，国际学生占 7.2%。
• The central library at Saucache and its annex provide the main collections, with branch libraries in Iquique and at the Azapa campus, and holds the region's main collection of Andean archaeology and local history.绍卡切中央图书馆及其附楼构成主要馆藏，伊基克与阿萨帕校区另设分馆。

Campus

• The Casa Central sits in Arica, capital of the Arica y Parinacota Region, with three campuses in the city, Velásquez, Saucache and Azapa, plus the Esmeralda sede in Iquique.校部位于阿里卡-帕里纳科塔大区首府阿里卡，市内设贝拉斯克斯、绍卡切与阿萨帕三个校区，另在伊基克设埃斯梅拉达分校。
• The Velásquez campus covers more than three hectares in central Arica, close to the coast, with 1.5 hectares built and the rectorate, Aula Magna, technical centre and much of the Faculty of Sciences, within walking distance of the port and the city's civic buildings.贝拉斯克斯校区位于阿里卡市中心、靠近海岸，占地三公顷有余，已建 1.5 公顷，设校部、礼堂、技术中心与理学部的大部分。
• The Saucache campus covers 14 hectares south-east of Arica with 25,000 square metres built, and houses the central library, lecture halls, laboratories, computer rooms, education, social sciences, business and engineering.绍卡切校区位于阿里卡东南，占地 14 公顷，已建 25000 平方米，设中央图书馆、教育、社会科学、商学与工程等教学单位。
• The Azapa campus lies at San Miguel de Azapa, twelve kilometres from Arica, with more than 85 hectares of land and 3,000 square metres built for agronomy and archaeology, with experimental fields, greenhouses and the museum's storage and laboratory buildings.阿萨帕校区位于距阿里卡十二公里的圣米格尔-德阿萨帕，拥有 85 公顷以上土地与 3000 平方米建筑，用于农学与考古教学。
• The San Miguel de Azapa Archaeological and Anthropological Museum stands on the Azapa campus and displays the Chinchorro mummies and thousands of archaeological pieces.圣米格尔-德阿萨帕考古与人类学博物馆坐落于阿萨帕校区，展出钦乔罗木乃伊与数千件考古藏品。
• The Iquique sede on Avenida Luis Emilio Recabarren has operated since 2002 and teaches law, engineering, psychology, social work and primary education, and offers a master's degree in educational psychology.伊基克分校位于路易斯·埃米利奥·雷卡瓦伦大道，自 2002 年运作，教授法律、工程、心理学、社会工作与小学教育。
• Arica's setting between the Atacama Desert and the Pacific gives the campuses a dry coastal climate, with the Morro de Arica and the port visible from central sites.阿里卡位于阿塔卡马沙漠与太平洋之间，校园属干燥海岸气候，从市中心校区可望见阿里卡山与港口。
• The Azapa Valley around the campus is one of Chile's main olive-growing areas, and the university's farms and greenhouses support teaching and export research.校区周围的阿萨帕谷地是智利主要橄榄产区之一，大学的农场与温室支持教学与出口研究。
• UTA's facilities also include the Aula Magna, the central library complex, sports fields and the seismological monitoring centre, distributed between its four sites.该校设施还包括礼堂、中央图书馆建筑群、运动场与地震监测中心，分布在其四处校址。

Reputation

• QS World University Rankings 2027 places UTA in the 1401+ band, the shared final bracket for universities outside the numbered positions.2027 年QS世界大学排名把该校列入 1401+ 并列区间，这是编号名次之外高校共享的末段区间。
• Times Higher Education ranks it in the 1001-1200 band for 2027, and U.S. News places it 1,238th in its 2026-2027 Best Global Universities list.泰晤士高等教育将其列入 2027 年 1001—1200 区间，《美国新闻与世界报道》则在 2026—2027 年全球最佳大学榜单中把它列为第 1238 位。
• UTA does not appear in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, so its QS, THE and U.S. News positions are its main global references.该校未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名，因此QS、泰晤士高等教育与美国新闻的位次是其主要全球参照。
• In Latin America, QS placed UTA 109th in its 2027 regional ranking, while Times Higher Education ranked it 18th in its 2026 Latin America table, reflecting its standing as a regional rather than a capital-city university.在拉美范围内，QS 在 2027 年地区排名中把该校列为第 109 位，泰晤士高等教育则在 2026 年拉美榜单中把它列为第 18 位。
• Nationally, SCImago's 2024 institutions ranking placed UTA 18th among Chilean universities and Webometrics 2024 placed it 15th.在智利国内，SCImago 2024 年机构排名把该校列为第 18 位，Webometrics 2024 年则列为第 15 位。
• The National Accreditation Commission granted six years of accreditation in 2023, covering management, undergraduate teaching, research and outreach until 2029.国家认证委员会于 2023 年授予六年认证，覆盖管理、本科教学、研究与对外联络，有效期至 2029 年。
• Its archaeology programme and museum are internationally recognised for research on the Chinchorro culture and the peopling of the Atacama coast, and its staff contributed to the UNESCO nomination and conservation work.其考古项目与博物馆因钦乔罗文化与阿塔卡马海岸人类定居研究而获得国际认可。
• UTA is the main public university serving the Arica y Parinacota Region and one of the two state universities of Chile's far north.该校是服务阿里卡-帕里纳科塔大区的主要公立大学，也是智利极北地区两所国立大学之一，并在伊基克设有存在。
• The university's agricultural research supports the Azapa Valley's export crops, and its seismological network is a reference for northern Chile's earthquake monitoring.该校的农业研究支撑阿萨帕谷地的出口作物，其地震台网则是智利北部地震监测的参照。
• Its 2024 position of nine faculties and 27 postgraduate programmes reflects steady expansion since the 44 undergraduate degrees and five faculties of 2011.该校 2024 年拥有九个学部与 27 个研究生项目，反映出自 2011 年 44 个本科专业与五个学部以来的稳步扩张。

Student life

• Student life in Arica revolves around the coast, the Morro and the desert valleys, with beaches, surfing and the nearby Lauca National Park within reach.阿里卡的学生生活围绕海岸、阿里卡山与沙漠谷地展开，海滩、冲浪与附近的劳卡国家公园都近在咫尺。
• The Andean Carnival with the Force of the Sun, held every January, draws student groups and musicians from across the region into Arica's streets, mixing Andean music and dance with floats and troupes from Peru and Bolivia.每年一月举行的“太阳之力安第斯狂欢节”吸引全区学生团体与音乐人走上阿里卡街头。
• The university's student federation represents undergraduates before the university and organises cultural weeks and sports tournaments on the Arica campuses.校学生联合会代表本科生与校方沟通，并在阿里卡各校区组织文化周与体育赛事。
• Students in Iquique combine study with the city's port, mining and tourism economy, and the sede runs its own induction and cultural activities.伊基克的学生把学业与当地港口、矿业和旅游经济结合，分校也自行举办迎新与文化活动。
• The San Miguel de Azapa museum is both a research facility and a public attraction, and students in archaeology take part in excavations and cataloguing there.圣米格尔-德阿萨帕博物馆既是研究设施也是公共景点，考古专业学生在此参与发掘与编目。
• UTA's anniversary on 11 December is marked with ceremonies, and the university's fortieth anniversary in 2021 included a programme of academic and cultural events.该校以 12 月 11 日为建校纪念日举行典礼，2021 年四十周年还包括一系列学术与文化活动。
• Sports fields at Saucache and Velásquez host football, volleyball and athletics, and the university competes in regional student championships.绍卡切与贝拉斯克斯校区的运动场承办足球、排球与田径活动，学校参加地区大学生锦标赛。
• The closeness of Peru and Bolivia shapes student life, with cross-border trade, migration and Andean cultural links part of everyday experience in Arica.秘鲁与玻利维亚的近邻关系塑造了学生生活，跨境贸易、移民与安第斯文化联系是阿里卡日常经验的一部分。
• Scholarships and the state gratuity policy cover many Chilean students, and regional students often commute from nearby towns and the altiplano.奖学金与国家免费教育政策覆盖大多数智利学生，地区学生常从附近城镇与高原通勤上学。

Notable people

• Bernardo Arriaza, a physical anthropologist at UTA, has led research on Chinchorro mummification and campaigned for the UNESCO listing achieved in 2021.贝尔纳多·阿里亚萨是该校体质人类学家，主持钦乔罗木乃伊制作研究，并推动该校于 2021 年获得联合国教科文组织认定。
• Arriaza's work on the oldest artificially mummified bodies in the world placed Arica and the Azapa museum at the centre of Andean bioarchaeology.阿里亚萨关于世界最古老人工木乃伊的研究，使阿里卡与阿萨帕博物馆成为安第斯生物考古学的中心。
• Vivien Standen, an archaeologist at UTA, has studied Chinchorro mortuary practices, body decoration and the health of early coastal populations.维维安·斯坦登是该校考古学家，研究钦乔罗丧葬习俗、身体装饰与早期海岸人群的健康状况。
• Standen's fieldwork in the Azapa Valley and at coastal sites has documented thousands of years of human adaptation to the Atacama Desert.斯坦登在阿萨帕谷地与海岸遗址的田野工作，记录了人类适应阿塔卡马沙漠数千年的历史。
• Calogero Santoro, an archaeologist linked to UTA, has researched the prehispanic societies of Arica and the development of farming in the desert valleys.卡洛杰罗·桑托罗是与该校有关的考古学家，研究阿里卡的前西班牙时期社会与沙漠谷地农业的发展。
• Santoro's work on settlement patterns and irrigation has shaped the understanding of how Andean societies colonised the coastal desert.桑托罗关于聚落形态与灌溉的研究，塑造了学界对安第斯社会如何开发海岸沙漠的认识。
• Emilio Rodríguez Ponce serves as rector of the university, leading its accreditation, regional expansion and research strategy.埃米利奥·罗德里格斯·庞塞担任该校校长，主导认证、地区扩展与研究战略。
• Augusto Pinochet, head of the military regime, signed the 1981 decree that created UTA as part of the restructuring of Chilean higher education.军政府领导人奥古斯托·皮诺切特签署了 1981 年创建该校的法令，作为智利高等教育重组的一部分。
• Max Uhle, the German archaeologist, was the first to describe the Chinchorro mummies scientifically in 1917, after excavations in Arica that laid the base for the museum's collection.德国考古学家马克斯·乌勒在阿里卡发掘后于 1917 年首次对钦乔罗木乃伊进行科学描述，为博物馆藏品奠定了基础。
• The founding professors who arrived from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso gave the new university its first science and education faculties in 1982.来自瓦尔帕莱索天主教大学的创校教授们在 1982 年为新大学建立了最初的理学与教育学部。
• Local researchers and museum staff, often unnamed in institutional histories, built the Azapa collections that now underpin UTA's international reputation.许多在机构史中未具名的本地研究者与博物馆职员建立了阿萨帕馆藏，支撑起该校今天的国际声誉。