Universidad de Montevideo

Universidad de Montevideo, abbreviated UM, is a private Catholic university in Montevideo, Uruguay, associated with Opus Dei and rendered into English as the University of Montevideo, a bilingual naming the record opens with.蒙得维的亚大学（Universidad de Montevideo，缩写 UM）是乌拉圭蒙得维的亚的一所私立天主教大学，与 Opus Dei 相关联，英文名作 University of Montevideo，记录即以这一双语校名开篇。

It opened in 1986 and obtained the right to be legally named a university only in 1997, so the eleven years between them form its first institutional stage, running without the legal title the 1997 grant supplied.该校于 1986 年开办，直到 1997 年才取得在法律上称为大学的资格，两个年份之间的十一年由此成为其建校后的第一个制度阶段，其间尚无大学法定名分。

The QS World University Rankings have placed it as the number one university in Uruguay four years in a row, and as of 2019 it reached the world top 500, the two QS claims that frame its standing.QS 世界大学排名连续四年将其列为乌拉圭排名第一的大学，截至 2019 年该校已进入同一体系的世界前 500 名，两条 QS 口径共同勾勒其位次。

History

• The record dates the opening of the university to 1986, when the institution began work in Montevideo, the city in Uruguay that supplies its Spanish name and keeps it anchored to a single place.记录把该校的开办年份定为 1986 年，当年学校在蒙得维的亚开始办学，这座乌拉圭城市既是其西班牙语校名的出处，也把它锚定在同一处地方；全篇只有这一个开办年份，没有再出现第二个创始日期。

• The same opening passage records it as a private and Catholic institution and attaches the university to Opus Dei within the identical bracket, a combination of labels placed in the first identifying sentence of the record.同一段开场文字把它记为私立天主教院校，并在同一处括号之内将学校与 Opus Dei 相互关联，三项定性一并出现在记录的第一句介绍之中。

• No founding decree, named founder or religious order beyond Opus Dei appears in the record, so the foundation is documented by year and confession alone.记录中除 Opus Dei 之外未列举任何创办法令、具名创办人或修会，创校一事仅凭年份与教派属性两项立证。

• In 1997 the institution obtained the right to be legally named a university, a milestone the record gives as the second dated event of its history after the 1986 opening, the step that carried it to full university standing.1997 年，学校取得在法律上称为大学的资格，这一节点被记录列为校史上第二个带年份的事件，排在 1986 年开办之后，也是学校取得完整大学名分的一步。

• The distance between the 1986 opening and the 1997 title therefore runs to eleven years, the period spent before reaching the legal status of a university.1986 年开办与 1997 年取得资格之间相隔十一年，这段时期正是学校达到大学法定身份之前的岁月，也是记录中唯一可按年份切割的早期阶段。

• Before the ranking years enter the account, no date other than the 1986 opening and the 1997 title is attached to the institution.在榜单年份进入记述之前，除 1986 年开办与 1997 年取得资格外，没有其他日期被系于这所学校，两个年份因此构成记录里最早的一对时间坐标。

• The name carries the geography, since Universidad de Montevideo is Spanish for the university of Montevideo, and the abbreviation UM repeats the city.校名自带地理信息：Universidad de Montevideo 即西班牙语的「蒙得维的亚的大学」，缩写 UM 再次点出城名。

• In English the institution uses the rendering University of Montevideo, so it answers to one Spanish official name and one English translation of it, both pointing at the same city.在英语世界，学校使用 University of Montevideo 这一译名，于是一个西班牙语正式名与一个英语译名并存并行，二者指向的是同一座城市。

• Its private status keeps it out of the tax-funded sector, while the Catholic and Opus Dei labels recorded beside that status supply its confessional identity.私立身份使它不属于由公共财政供养的院校，而与这一身份并列记载的天主教与 Opus Dei 标签则提供其教派身份，二者共同构成记录对学校性质的全部界定。

• By 2019 the university had reached the world top 500 in the general QS tables, the first world-scale position recorded for it.到 2019 年，学校已进入 QS 综合榜单的世界前 500 名，这是记录中它的第一个具世界尺度的名次，该名次在原文中与另一条全国口径相邻出现。

• The claim attached to that 2019 entry is domestic rather than global, namely the number one place among Uruguayan universities for four years in a row.与 2019 年这一节点并列的记载是全国性的而非世界性的，即连续四年位居乌拉圭各大学之首，国内口径与同期的世界前 500 名互相补充。

• The latest dated landmark in the record is the 2027 QS table, which places the university in the 851-900 band.记录中最新一个带年份的节点是 2027 年 QS 榜单，学校在其中被列入第 851-900 档，这是一个区间档位而不是精确名次。

• Between the 1986 opening and the 2019 top-500 entry stretch some thirty-three years, a span the record leaves without further milestones, so the two endpoints stand out against the empty middle distance.从 1986 年开办到 2019 年进入前 500 名，其间跨越约三十三年，记录没有为这段跨度补充其他节点，中段空白使两个端点格外醒目。

• The wording that the university obtained the right to be legally named a university implies an earlier period in which that right was absent.「取得在法律上称为大学的资格」这一措辞意味着，在此之前存在一段尚无该资格的时期。

• Read literally, the record leaves the university without a named founder, and the founding act remains an institutional event of 1986 rather than a personal one.按字面理解，记录没有留下具名创办人，创办行为是 1986 年的一次机构事件，而不是个人事件。

• Its two names, the Spanish original and the English rendering, both omit any personal or dynastic element, naming the institution for its city alone, never for a patron, a benefactor or a founding family.西语原名与英语译名都不含个人或家族元素，学校仅以所在城市命名，既不取赞助人、捐助人也未取创办家族之名。

• Institutional history after 1986 is recorded through structure rather than chronology, since the seven teaching units are presented as a present-tense list.1986 年之后的校史以建制而非年表方式呈现，七个教学单位是以现时清单而不是创建年份列出的。

• Only three calendar years belong to the institution's own narrative, 1986, 1997 and 2019, before the ranking years of the tables take over, so the account is short on chronological detail.在榜单年份接管叙述之前，属于学校自身叙事的公历年份只有三个，即 1986 年、1997 年与 2019 年，校史的年表信息因此相当简略。

• The university accordingly entered the 2027 edition of the QS table forty-one years after the opening year recorded for it.由此推算，学校是在有记录的 1986 年开办之后四十一年，进入了 2027 年版 QS 榜单，四十一年是按两个年份相减得出的跨度。

• That forty-one-year span is the longest interval the record allows to be measured, and it brackets every other dated entry in this account.这四十一年是记录允许度量的最长区间，本条目中其余带年份的记载都落在这段区间之内，从开办到最新榜单因此可被一条时间线串起，两端年份都能在原文中对上。

• Eleven years separate opening from legal title, but the record offers no explanation of why 1997 rather than another year carried that change.开办与取得法定资格相隔十一年，但记录没有解释为何是 1997 年而不是其他年份完成了这一转变，转变本身也只用一句话带过。

• On the evidence available, the institutional history reduces to two transitions, opening to legal university status from 1986 to 1997, and national leadership to world top 500 by 2019.就可得证据而言，校史可归结为两次转折：1986 至 1997 年从开办到取得大学法定身份，以及到 2019 年从全国领先再走到世界前 500 名，两次转折分别落在制度与榜单两条线上。

Academics

• The teaching structure of the university consists of seven units, five of them schools that run both undergraduate and graduate programmes, and no further teaching unit is listed beyond the seven.学校的教学建制由七个单位组成，其中五个是同时开设本科与研究生课程的学院，记录在七个单位之外未列其他教学单位。

• Those five are the schools of Management Science and Economics, Law, Communication, Humanities and Engineering, each listed with both levels of study, and the first of them also carries the short name Economics School.这五所学院依次为管理科学与经济学院、法学院、传播学院、人文学院与工程学院，名录注明各院均设本科与研究生两个层次的教学，同一说明在清单中重复出现五次，其中第一所也以经济学院之名出现于简称。

• IEEM, the sixth unit, is recorded as the university's Business School and as a graduate-only body standing apart from the five dual-level schools.第六个单位 IEEM 被记为学校的企业管理学院，只办研究生教育，与五所本硕并办的学院分列，是七个单位中唯一以缩写为名的商学院。

• The seventh unit is the Center of Biomedical Sciences, likewise graduate-only, so two of the seven units teach no undergraduate students at all.第七个单位是生物医学科学中心，同样只设研究生课程，记录为其单列「仅限研究生项目」的注记，七个单位中有两个完全不承担本科教学。

• The seven units divide three ways, five dual-level schools, covering the Management School, the Law School, the Communication School, the Humanities School and the Engineering School, plus IEEM and the biomedical center as graduate-only bodies.七个单位由此一分为三：五所本硕并办学院，即管理学院、法学院、传播学院、人文学院与工程学院；IEEM 与生物医学中心则是两个只办研究生的单位。

• Against that structure the record sets a programme list opening with five business-facing B.A. titles, accounting, business administration, economics, finance and international business, five titles that all point to the business and economics field.与建制相对，记录给出一份专业清单，开篇是五个面向商科的文学士方向，即会计、工商管理、经济学、金融与国际商务，五项皆以文学士冠首并同属商科一侧。

• A second cluster of B.A. titles covers communications, law, humanities, history, philosophy, literature, mathematics and English language and literature, eight names in all on the humanities and social side.第二组文学士方向涵盖传播学、法学、人文学、历史学、哲学、文学、数学与英语语言文学，共八个名目，全部落在人文与社会科学一侧。

• Engineering appears through four degrees, in civil engineering, industrial engineering, telematics engineering and information technology, none of them styled a B.A.工程一侧以四个学位出现，即土木工程、工业工程、远程信息工程与信息技术，均不采用文学士名目，构成清单中独立的一组。

• The list then closes with two further qualifications, a Public Notary Degree and Teacher Education Programs, which belong to neither of the preceding groups.清单末尾另列两项资格，即公证人学位与教师教育项目，二者都不归入前面任何一组，清单因此以职业资格收尾。

• Counted in full, the programme list runs through thirteen B.A. titles, four engineering degrees and two further qualifications, nineteen entries altogether.全部清点下来，这份专业清单包含十三个文学士方向、四个工程学位与两项其他资格，合计十九个条目，各条目在原始清单中逐行开列，而清单本身未说明各条目所属的学院。

• The list is anchored to a single source in the record, the programmes-by-school page kept by the international office at um.edu.uy.该清单在记录中只挂靠一处出处，即国际办公室在 um.edu.uy 上的按学院分列专业页，该页同时是清单唯一可复核的来源。

• That page sits under the path internacional/en/programs-by-school, tying the public programme information to the English-language international services of the university.该页位于 internacional/en/programs-by-school 路径之下，把公开的专业信息与学校的英语国际服务连成一体。

• For its international work the university keeps an International Office charged with developing a coherent corporate strategy for international relations, global profile and competitiveness, a remit the record sets out in full.在国际事务上，学校设有国际办公室，负责为国际关系、全球形象与竞争力拟定统一的机构战略，这项职责在记录中被完整列出。

• The office is also tasked with complementing the academic mission by providing the services and programmes required to facilitate international education, giving the office both an outward and an academic role.该办公室的另一项任务是提供推进国际教育所需的服务与项目，以此辅助学校的学术使命，外联与教学支持两种角色集于一身。

• Its working instrument is a network of academic agreements with more than 140 institutions worldwide, which the record ties to student mobility and research projects, making the network its most countable external asset.其工作抓手是与全世界 140 多所机构签订的学术协议网络，记录把这些协议与学生流动和科研项目直接挂钩，使之成为学校对外关系中最可计量的资产。

• Beyond the schools, five centers are named, headed by the Innovation Center in Industrial Organization, known by the abbreviation CINOI.学院之外另列五个中心，居首的是产业组织创新中心（CINOI），中心名称本身就指明了它的研究指向。

• CEDEI, the Center for Latin American Research and Documentation, covers Latin American studies and joins a research remit to a documentation remit.拉丁美洲研究与文献中心（CEDEI）覆盖拉美研究，把研究职能与文献职能合于一身，名称中的两个关键词正对应这两重任务。

• Initium, the Center of Leadership, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, and the Applied Economics Research Center complete the research-side units of the list.领导力、创业与创新中心（Initium）与应用经济研究中心补全了清单中面向研究一侧的单位，两个单位都以研究为职能落点。

• The fifth center is functional rather than academic in kind, since the UM Library is carried in the same center list as the research bodies.第五个中心属于功能性而不是学术性单位，UM Library 与研究机构同列在这份中心清单之中，藏书与电子资源数量则未披露。

• None of the seven units is a medical school, the biomedical field being represented only by the graduate-only Center of Biomedical Sciences.七个单位中没有医学院，生物医学领域仅由只办研究生的生物医学科学中心代表，本科医学教育未见对应建制。

• The school list and the center list together account for twelve named bodies, seven teaching units and five centers of research and services.学院名录与中心名录合计列出十二个具名单位，即七个教学单位与五个科研及服务类中心，两份名录合起来就是学校全部具名建制。

Campus

• The whole university is placed in Montevideo, Uruguay, and that city is the only geographical fixed point recorded for the institution.整所学校位于乌拉圭蒙得维的亚，这座城市是记录为该机构标注的唯一地理定点，城市之外可见的站点也只有网络入口。

• Its recorded coordinates are latitude 34.90328 degrees south and longitude 56.18816 degrees west, the position attached to the university in the reference data and the only figure of precision below the degree level.其记录坐标为南纬 34.90328 度、西经 56.18816 度，这是参考数据中系于该校的位置，也是本条目中唯一一组精确到度以下的地理数字。

• Its web address is um.edu.uy, the domain on which the official site of the university is kept.其网址为 um.edu.uy，学校的官方站点即设于该域名之下，这是记录给出的唯一官方网络地址。

• The international office holds its own area of that domain under the path internacional, so the campus reaches the outside world through a dedicated English-language doorway.国际办公室在该域名下保有名为「internacional」的专区，校园由此经一个专用英文入口与外界相接。

• The web standpoints recorded are the programmes-by-school listing and an exchange student blog that carries information for visiting students.记录在案的网络入口有两处：按学院分列的专业页 programs-by-school，以及为来访学生提供信息的交换生博客，两者都面向校外读者。

• Inside the physical estate the only facility named anywhere in the record is the library, carried in the center list as the UM Library.在实体设施方面，记录任何位置唯一点名的设施是图书馆，它以 UM Library 之名见于中心清单，也是七个教学单位与五个中心里唯一以设施身份列出的条目。

• No campus size, building, street address, residence hall or second site is recorded, so the physical description stops at the city and its coordinates, leaving the estate otherwise undescribed.记录未载校园面积、建筑、街道地址、学生宿舍或第二校区，有形描述止于城市与坐标两点，其余校产情况皆付阙如，条目对校产的记述到此为止。

• Because the institution's name and its address carry one and the same city, Montevideo is not only the setting of the campus but part of its official identity, standing inside the title as well as at the doorstep.由于校名与地址指向同一座城市，蒙得维的亚不仅是校园所在地，也是其正式身份的一部分，城名同时写在招牌与坐标之中。

Reputation

• The QS World University Rankings 2027 place Universidad de Montevideo in the 851-900 band, the position on which this entry rests.2027 年 QS 世界大学排名把蒙得维的亚大学列入第 851-900 档，本条目即以此档位为依据，榜单年份与档位均照录不改。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 do not carry the university at all, so that table is empty for it, and the 2027 world-table access of the university runs through QS alone.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名完全没有收录该校，当年榜单中没有它的名次，2027 年的两条世界榜单由此只剩 QS 一侧。

• The 2026-27 edition of the US News Best Global Universities ranking likewise does not include the institution, leaving that table without an entry for it.2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名同样未收录该校，这张榜单也没有为它留名，也未给出任何区间或并列位次。

• The 2026 main list of the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, which runs to a thousand places, carries no position for the university.收录一千个名位的 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜，同样没有为该校记载任何名次，该主榜也是本文采用的唯一软科版本。

• Against those three empty tables stands the QS record, whose national strand places the university first in Uruguay four years in a row, a domestic ranking recorded next to the world top 500.与三张空白榜单相对的是 QS 记录：其国内一条连续四年把该校列为乌拉圭第一，该口径在记录中与 2019 年的世界前 500 名相邻出现。

• The same QS tables took the university into the world top 500 as of 2019, the peak general position in its record.同一套 QS 榜单在 2019 年把该校带入世界前 500 名，这是其记录中综合名次的最高点，也先于 2027 年版的区段名次。

• Quantifiable indicators for the institution are structural rather than bibliometric, namely seven teaching units, nineteen listed programmes and more than 140 international agreements, all countable inside the record.可用于量化的指标是建制性的而不是文献计量性的，即七个教学单位、十九个上榜专业与 140 多份国际协议，三项都能在条目内部逐一复核，均可直接指认出处。

• Paper counts and citation counts are not carried in the record used here, so this account rests on the structural figures instead of bibliometric ones.本文所用记录不含论文量与引用量数字，因此本条目以建制数字而不是文献计量数字为依据，文献计量缺位由建制数字补上。

• No subject-level placement is recorded for the university in any subject table, and no Nobel, Turing or Fields-level affiliation attaches to it.记录中没有该校在任何学科榜单上的名次，也没有诺贝尔奖、图灵奖或菲尔兹奖级人物与其相关，学科层面与人物层面的荣誉同时缺席。

• The 851-900 band of 2027 lies outside the world top 800, so the global QS standing now sits behind the 2019 top-500 record, the two QS readings not sharing a band.2027 年的 851-900 档落在世界前 800 名之外，其全球 QS 位置因此低于 2019 年的前 500 名记录，同一体系内的两次记载并不处在同一档位。

• Taken as a whole, the ranking record gives the university a QS-only profile and no coverage at all in the other three global tables.总体来看，榜单记录呈现的是一份只以 QS 立身的档案，其余三张全球榜单对它全无收录，QS 之外的记录在本文中均以空白呈现。

Student life

• Student-facing international services run through the International Office, which provides the programmes and services needed to facilitate international education across the university.面向学生的国际服务由国际办公室承担，它提供推进国际教育所需的各种项目与服务，使在校生的对外交流有专门的机构对接，这是其服务职能的总口径。

• Mobility is the office's working currency, since the 140-plus agreements are recorded as the channel for student mobility and research projects, the same set of agreements serving both purposes.流动是这一办公室的看家职能：140 多份协议被记载为学生流动与科研项目的通道，两个用途都系于同一批协议。

• For prospective exchange students the record points to an exchange student blog and information page kept outside the main site.对有意交换的学生，记录指向一个设于主站之外的交换生博客与信息页，该博客是记录中唯一不以学校域名出现的入口。

• The English path on the university's domain means that exchange information can reach international students in their own language.学校域名下的英文路径意味着交换信息能够以英语直接触达国际学生，国际学生无须经过西班牙语页面即可获取信息。

• Inside the seven-unit structure the two graduate-only bodies, IEEM and the Center of Biomedical Sciences, shape a postgraduate community beside the five dual-level schools.在七个单位的建制内，IEEM 与生物医学科学中心这两个只办研究生的单位，与五所本硕并办学院并立，构成研究生群体，使研究生教学另有专门归属。

• The named study facility available to students is the UM Library, carried in the record among the university's centers.面向学生并具名的学习设施是 UM Library，它以中心之一的身份见于记录，是记录中唯一供学生使用的具名设施。

• No student union, society, student newspaper, sports team, mascot or set of colours is recorded, and this entry leaves those points blank rather than filling them from assumption.记录中没有学生会、社团、学生报刊、运动队、吉祥物或代表色的记载，本条目宁可将这些事项留白，也不凭推测填充，课外生活因此成为条目中最薄的一节。

• The record describes no dormitory or residential arrangement either, so whether students live on or near a campus cannot be established from it.记录也没有描述任何宿舍或住宿安排，学生是否住校或住在校园附近，无从据此确立，住宿情况与社团生活一样付之阙如。

Notable people

• No individual is recorded as founder of the university, whose foundation is documented only by the year 1986 and the Opus Dei association.没有任何个人被记为该校创办人，创校一事仅有 1986 年与 Opus Dei 关联两项记载支撑，创办人在人物志意义上始终缺位。

• Rectors, presidents and chancellors are absent from the record, which names no head of the institution past or present.记录中没有校长、校监或院长的姓名，历任和现任首长均未具名，校务治理人物因此完全无从写起。

• No member of the teaching staff is named either, so the faculty of the five schools stays entirely anonymous in the available material.教师队伍同样无人具名，五所学院的师资在可得材料中整体保持匿名，无法从记录中举出任何一位教授。

• Alumni are invisible in the record as well, since no notable graduate, honorary degree holder or benefactor is listed anywhere in it.校友在记录中同样不可见，任何位置都没有列出知名毕业生、荣誉学位获得者或捐助人，校友条目因此无一人可立。

• None of the seven teaching units carries a personal or family name, since their titles are functional terms or, in the case of IEEM, an abbreviation, leaving no personal name anywhere in the institutional structure.七个教学单位没有一个以个人或家族命名，其名称皆为功能词语，IEEM 一例则是缩写，整套建制中找不到人名的痕迹。

• The only human-shaped name attached to the institution is corporate rather than personal, namely Opus Dei, the body recorded beside its Catholic character.与该校关联的唯一拟人化名称属于机构而不是个人，即与天主教属性并列记载的 Opus Dei，人物线索到机构为止。

• The university itself bears its city's name rather than a founder's, so the naming convention that personifies many institutions does not apply here, the toponym taking the place a personal name would occupy.学校本身取城名而不是创办人之名，许多院校以人物命名的惯例在此并不适用，人名本可占据的位置由城名占去。

• The personal record of the university is therefore empty in the material used here, and this account reports that emptiness instead of supplying names it cannot verify.因此在本文所用材料中，这所学校的人物记录是空白的，本条目如实报告这一空白，而不填入无法核实的姓名，空缺处一律留白。