Universidad de La Laguna

The University of La Laguna (ULL, Universidad de La Laguna) is a public research university in San Cristóbal de La Laguna on the island of Tenerife, in the Canary Islands, Spain, and the oldest higher-education institution in the archipelago.拉拉古纳大学（Universidad de La Laguna，ULL）是西班牙加那利群岛特内里费岛圣克里斯托瓦尔-德拉拉拉古纳的一所公立研究型大学，也是群岛历史最悠久的高等教育机构。

Its origins go back to a royal decree of Charles IV on 11 March 1792, which ordered the creation of the Universidad Literaria de San Fernando in what was then the capital of Tenerife and the Canary Islands.其起源可追溯至 1792 年 3 月 11 日卡洛斯四世的王令，该令在当时特内里费与加那利群岛的首府创建圣费尔南多文学大学。

The university teaches 46 degrees, 36 master's programmes and 21 doctorates through six campuses, and QS placed it in the 1401+ band of its World University Rankings 2027.学校通过六个校区开设 46 个本科专业、36 个硕士项目与 21 个博士项目，QS 在 2027 年世界大学排名中把它列入 1401+ 区间。

History

• University activity in La Laguna traces to June 1701, when the Augustinians obtained a bull from Clement XI allowing students at the Espíritu Santo convent to take degrees in arts, philosophy and scholastic and moral theology.拉拉古纳的大学活动可追溯至 1701 年 6 月，奥古斯丁会获得克雷芒十一世的教谕，允许圣灵修道院的学生攻读物、哲学以及经院神学与道德神学学位。
• The bull needed royal permission, and Dominican opposition delayed the pase until 1742 under Philip V, after which Benedict XIV confirmed it in 1744 and extended it to canon law, civil law and medicine.该教谕须经王室许可，多明我会的反对使“王室准行”迟至 1742 年费利佩五世时才获批准，本笃十四世随后于 1744 年确认并把它扩展到教会法、民法与医学。
• The resulting Universidad de San Agustín awarded bachelor, licentiate, doctor and master degrees from November 1744 until Ferdinand VI suppressed it in December 1747.由此成立的圣奥古斯丁大学自 1744 年 11 月起授予学士、硕士、博士与教师资格，直至 1747 年 12 月被费尔南多六世取缔。
• On 11 March 1792 Charles IV issued a royal decree creating the Universidad Literaria de San Fernando in La Laguna, endowed with revenues from the bishopric, from Tenerife, La Palma and Gran Canaria and from the former Jesuit college of Las Palmas.1792 年 3 月 11 日，卡洛斯四世颁布王令，在拉拉古纳创建圣费尔南多文学大学，经费来自主教区、特内里费、拉帕尔马与大加那利，以及拉斯帕尔马斯原耶稣会学院的收益。
• Rivalry between La Laguna and Las Palmas and the slow drafting of a curriculum by Bishop Tavira prevented the 1792 foundation from actually opening.拉拉古纳与拉斯帕尔马斯之间的争执以及塔维拉主教迟迟未拟定课程方案，使 1792 年的建校令未能真正开学。
• Ferdinand VII settled the dispute in 1816 with a decree ordering a university in San Cristóbal de La Laguna with the same privileges as the other universities of the kingdom, under the name Universidad de San Fernando.费尔南多七世于 1816 年颁布王令解决争端，下令在圣克里斯托瓦尔-德拉拉拉古纳设立一所享有王国其他大学同等特权的大学，定名圣费尔南多大学。
• The Laguna priest Cristóbal Bencomo y Rodríguez, confessor to Ferdinand VII and titular Archbishop of Heraclea, was the decisive advocate at court for the 1816 decree and for the later creation of the diocese of La Laguna.拉拉古纳教士克里斯托瓦尔·贝科莫·罗德里格斯曾任费尔南多七世的告解神父与埃雷克利亚名义大主教，是 1816 年王令以及后来设立拉拉古纳教区在宫廷中的关键推动者。
• Teaching finally began on 12 January 1817 in the former Jesuit college of La Laguna, a building later occupied by the Real Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País de Tenerife.教学最终于 1817 年 1 月 12 日在拉拉古纳原耶稣会学院开学，这座建筑后来由特内里费皇家经济之友协会使用。
• The Calomarde plan of 1824 left the Canaries off its list of surviving universities, and the institution was closed in 1829, restored in 1834 and suppressed again in 1845.1824 年的卡洛马德方案未把加那利列入保留大学的名单，该校于 1829 年关闭，1834 年恢复，1845 年再度被裁撤。
• The Plan Pidal of 1845 cut Spain to ten universities and converted the Canarian university into the Instituto de Canarias, dependent on the University of Seville.1845 年的皮达尔方案把西班牙的大学缩减为十所，并将加那利大学改为加那利学院，隶属于塞维利亚大学。
• In 1913 a university section of the Instituto de Canarias began teaching the first year of philosophy and letters and preparatory courses for medicine, pharmacy and law, with later years continued in Seville.1913 年，加那利学院开设大学部，教授哲学与文学第一年课程以及医学、药学与法律的预科课程，后续学年仍在塞维利亚完成。
• A royal decree of 21 September 1927 created the Universidad de La Laguna as the country's twelfth university district, with faculties of chemistry and law and teacher-training schools in La Laguna and Las Palmas.1927 年 9 月 21 日的王令创建拉拉古纳大学，作为全国第十二个大学区，设化学与法律两个学院，并在拉拉古纳与拉斯帕尔马斯各设一所师范学校。
• The same 1927 decree added a polytechnic college for mining foremen, agricultural and forestry experts and preparatory classes for the postal, telegraph and quantity-surveying corps.同一份 1927 年王令还附设一所理工学院，培养矿业工头、农业与林业技师，并开设邮政、电报与测量师团体的预科班。
• A first tender for a new central building was awarded in 1935, but the Civil War stopped the work, and construction of the Edificio Central designed by Domingo Pisaca only began around 1944.新中央大楼的首次招标于 1935 年授标，但内战使工程中止，多明戈·皮萨卡设计的中央大楼直到 1944 年前后才动工。
• Rector José de Escobedo y González-Alberú rushed through full philosophy and letters degrees and classical languages before the 1943 University Ordinance Law, which confirmed the university and its district covering both Canary provinces and the African colonies.校长何塞·德·埃斯科贝多·冈萨雷斯-阿尔贝鲁在 1943 年《大学条例法》出台前迅速促成完整的哲学与文学学位及古典语言课程，该法确认了这所大学及其覆盖加那利两省与非洲殖民地的大学区。
• The Edificio Central was inaugurated in 1953 with two dragon trees planted at its sides, and the Paraninfo, designed by José Enrique Marrero Regalado and Pisaca, was completed in 1962.中央大楼于 1953 年落成，两侧各植一株龙血树，由何塞·恩里克·马雷罗·雷加拉多与皮萨卡设计的礼堂则于 1962 年完工。
• The university's General Foundation was created on 22 September 1987 by the university, its Social Council, the Chamber of Commerce of Tenerife, the employers' confederation, the Círculo de Empresarios and CajaCanarias.1987 年 9 月 22 日，大学与其社会理事会、特内里费商会、雇主联合会、企业家协会及加那利储蓄银行共同创建了大学总基金会。
• Law 5/1989 of 4 May reorganized higher education in the Canaries, splitting the old university and the Canarian Polytechnic into the Universidad de La Laguna and the Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.1989 年 5 月 4 日的第 5/1989 号法律重组加那利高等教育，把原大学与加那利理工学院拆分为拉拉古纳大学和拉斯帕尔马斯-大加那利大学。
• The 1989 reform assigned centres in Santa Cruz de Tenerife province to ULL and those in Las Palmas province to the new university, ending a shared system that had lasted since 1927.1989 年改革把圣克鲁斯-德特内里费省的机构划归拉拉古纳大学，把拉斯帕尔马斯省的机构划归新大学，结束了自 1927 年延续的共管格局。
• In 1995 rector Marisa Tejedor created the university's housing service, which administers three colegios mayores and the Parque Las Islas residence and subsidizes places for students with fewer resources.1995 年，校长马里萨·特赫多尔创建大学住宿服务处，管理三所大学院与拉斯岛学生公寓，并为经济困难学生补贴床位。
• The Museum of Education opened in 1998, and in 2016 the university launched the Aula de Cine at the Multicine Tenerife, adding film screenings and talks to its cultural programme.大学教育博物馆于 1998 年开放，2016 年学校又在特内里费多功能影院开设电影课堂，把放映与讲座纳入文化项目。

Academics

• For 2024/25 the university offered 46 degrees, 36 master's programmes, 21 doctorates and 17 own titles, complemented by attached tourism schools in La Laguna and Santa Cruz and a nursing school in Candelaria.2024/25 学年，学校开设 46 个本科专业、36 个硕士项目、21 个博士项目和 17 个自有学位，另有拉拉古纳与圣克鲁斯的附属旅游学院以及坎德拉里亚的护理学院。
• Research is organised through 13 university research institutes, among them the Canarian Astrophysics Institute and the University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands.科研由 13 个大学研究所组织，其中包括加那利天体物理研究所与加那利群岛热带疾病与公共卫生研究所。
• Astrophysics is the university's signature field, taught through the physics degree and linked to the Teide Observatory and the international telescopes of the Canary Islands.天体物理是该校的标志性领域，通过物理学专业授课，并与特内里费天文台及加那利群岛的国际望远镜网络相连。
• The Medical School trains physicians with the Hospital Universitario de Canarias and the Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, and health sciences also cover nursing, pharmacy, physiotherapy and psychology.医学院与加那利大学医院及坎德拉里亚圣母医院合作培养医生，健康科学领域还涵盖护理、药学、物理治疗与心理学。
• The Law School and the economics and business faculties anchor the social sciences, with degrees in law, economics, business administration, accounting and tourism.法学院与经济及商学院构成社会科学的核心，开设法律、经济学、工商管理、会计与旅游等专业。
• The Engineering School teaches civil, industrial, computer, chemical, agricultural and electronic engineering, and its agricultural engineering degree is the oldest in the Canaries, first taught in 1927.工程学院开设土木、工业、计算机、化学、农业与电子工程专业，其农业工程学位是加那利群岛历史最悠久的，1927 年即已开设。
• Humanities are taught through philology, history, philosophy, geography and fine arts, with the Andrés Bello Linguistics Institute and the Institute of Medieval and Renaissance Studies as research anchors.人文学科通过语言学、历史学、哲学、地理学与美术等专业教授，并以安德烈斯·贝略语言学研究所和中世纪与文艺复兴研究所为研究支柱。
• The Education School prepares teachers for early childhood, primary and secondary education, and psychology is one of the university's largest and most in-demand degrees.教育学院培养幼儿、小学与中学教师，心理学则是该校规模最大、需求最高的专业之一。
• Marine biology and biodiversity research draw on the Macaronesian archipelago, and the university maintains field and diving facilities for studying Atlantic island ecosystems.海洋生物学与生物多样性研究依托马卡罗尼西亚群岛，学校设有野外与潜水设施，用于研究大西洋岛屿生态系统。
• The Tourism Institute (ISTUR) and the attached tourism schools make the university a reference for a sector that dominates the economy of the Canary Islands.旅游研究所（ISTUR）与附属旅游学院使该校成为加那利群岛支柱产业旅游的研究与教学参照。
• The Regional Development Institute and the Business Institute connect academic research with island public policy, enterprise and the tourist economy.区域发展研究所与企业研究所把学术研究与岛屿公共政策、企业和旅游经济连接起来。
• The Canary Islands Biomedical Research Centre (CIBICAN), on the Hospital Universitario de Canarias site, concentrates work on cancer, neuroscience, tropical diseases and biotechnology.位于加那利大学医院院区的加那利群岛生物医学研究中心（CIBICAN）集中开展癌症、神经科学、热带疾病与生物技术研究。
• The library, formally created in 1817, now runs 24 branch libraries and holds more than 700,000 volumes, 15,000 early printed works, 201 manuscripts and 23 incunabula.图书馆正式创建于 1817 年，现设 24 个分馆，藏有 70 余万册图书、15000 种早期印本、201 份手稿与 23 部摇篮本。
• Its Canary Islands collection gathers more than 35,000 monographs and nearly 2,000 journals and newspapers published in or about the archipelago.其加那利专藏汇集 35000 余种专著以及近 2000 种在群岛出版或关于群岛的期刊与报纸。
• A virtual teaching unit coordinates online degrees and blended courses, and the university has expanded continuing education and micro-credentials for working professionals.虚拟教学单元统筹在线学位与混合课程，学校还面向在职人士扩展继续教育与微证书项目。
• Times Higher Education recorded 19,003 full-time-equivalent students for 2027, 57.2 per cent of them women, while the university describes a community of more than 25,000 people.泰晤士高等教育为 2027 年记录 19003 名全日制等效学生，其中女性占 57.2%，而校方称其共同体超过 25000 人。
• Doctoral training is organised through 21 programmes, with the astrophysics, health sciences and island biodiversity tracks attracting international students.博士培养通过 21 个项目组织，其中天体物理、健康科学与岛屿生物多样性方向吸引国际学生。
• Teaching is spread across faculties of science, health sciences, humanities, law, economics, education, psychology and fine arts, with most degrees offered in Spanish.教学分布于理学、健康科学、人文、法学、经济学、教育学、心理学与美术等学院，大多数学位以西班牙语授课。

Campus

• The university is divided into six campuses, Central, Anchieta, Guajara, Ofra, Santa Cruz and Campus del Sur in Adeje, spread between La Laguna and Santa Cruz de Tenerife.学校分为六个校区，即中央、安奇埃塔、瓜哈拉、奥夫拉、圣克鲁斯与阿德赫的南方校区，分布在拉拉古纳与圣克鲁斯-德特内里费之间。
• The Central campus occupies the historic centre of La Laguna, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1999, around the Edificio Central inaugurated in 1953.中央校区位于拉拉古纳历史中心，这一城区自 1999 年起列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产，校舍围绕 1953 年落成的中央大楼展开。
• The Edificio Central houses the rectorate and the Paraninfo, while its former chapel is now the La Capilla cultural space and the Pablo González Vera art room shows local and university artists.中央大楼容纳校部与礼堂，其旧礼拜堂现为“小教堂”文化空间，巴勃罗·冈萨雷斯·维拉艺术室则展出本地与大学艺术家的作品。
• The Guajara campus, built from the 1980s, houses the Law School, the economics, business and tourism faculty, humanities, social sciences, communication and psychology, together with the General Library.瓜哈拉校区是最大的教学区，位于拉拉古纳边缘，集中了理学、工程与经济学的大多数学部。
• The Anchieta campus concentrates the Faculty of Sciences in the university's largest built estate, while Ofra houses the Faculty of Health Sciences near the Hospital Universitario de Canarias.安奇埃塔与奥夫拉校区构成拉拉古纳片区的其余部分，在靠近城市医院的地带承担健康科学、教育学与心理学教学。
• The Santa Cruz campus places several university schools in the island capital, connected to La Laguna by tram and motorway about ten kilometres away.圣克鲁斯校区把若干学院设在岛屿首府，距拉拉古纳约十公里，由有轨电车与高速公路相连。
• The Campus del Sur in Adeje serves the tourist south of Tenerife and hosts summer courses and extension activities for the island's southern municipalities.阿德赫的南方校区服务特内里费南部旅游区，并为岛屿南部市镇开设暑期课程与推广活动。
• The housing service administers the San Fernando, Santa María and San Agustín colegios mayores and the Parque Las Islas residence, with subsidized places allocated by income, distance and grades.住宿服务处管理圣费尔南多、圣玛丽亚与圣奥古斯丁三所大学院以及拉斯岛学生公寓，按收入、距离与成绩分配补贴床位。
• The Casa Amarilla, which housed the Tenerife Anthropoid Station directed by Wolfgang Köhler between 1913 and 1918, is being adapted as a second site for the neuroscience institute.黄房子在 1913 至 1918 年间曾是沃尔夫冈·科勒主持的特内里费类人猿研究站所在地，目前正被改建为神经科学研究所的第二处址。

Reputation

• QS World University Rankings 2027 places the university in the 1401+ band, the shared final bracket for institutions outside the numbered positions.2027 年QS世界大学排名把该校列入 1401+ 区间，这是编号名次之外高校共享的末段区间。
• Times Higher Education ranks it in the 1001-1200 band for 2027, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities places it in the 701-800 group for 2026.泰晤士高等教育将其列入 2027 年 1001—1200 区间，软科世界大学学术排名则把它列入 2026 年 701—800 组。
• U.S. News & World Report ranks it 747th in its 2026-2027 Best Global Universities list, the strongest global position among the Canary Islands' public universities.《美国新闻与世界报道》在 2026—2027 年全球最佳大学榜单中把它列为第 747 位，这是加那利群岛公立大学中最高的全球位次。
• As the oldest university in the Canary Islands, ULL presents itself as the archipelago's historical reference for higher education, with a lineage running back to 1792.作为加那利群岛历史最悠久的大学，拉拉古纳大学以 1792 年以来的传承自居，视自身为群岛高等教育的历来参照。
• The CWTS Leiden Ranking has placed ULL first among Spanish universities for scientific collaboration, reflecting its heavy co-authorship with European and Latin American partners.CWTS 莱顿排名曾把该校列为西班牙高校科研合作第一位，反映其与欧洲及拉美伙伴的密集合著。
• CWUR ranked it 446th in the world and 13th in Spain in 2018, while Shanghai placed it 607th in 2015, inside the global top 1,000.CWUR 在 2018 年把它列为世界第 446 位、西班牙第 13 位，软科则在 2015 年将其列入世界前 500。
• Shanghai subject rankings have placed its physics faculty 134th in the world, mathematics in the 401-500 band and medicine among the top 200.软科专业排名曾把其物理学院列为世界第 134 位，数学列入 401—500 区间，医学列入世界前 200。
• In 2019 U.S. News ranked ULL first in Spain and 53rd in the world for space science, a position built on the Teide observatories.2019 年《美国新闻与世界报道》把该校的空间科学列为西班牙第一、世界第 53 位，这一位次建立在特内里费天文台群之上。
• El Mundo's annual guide regularly lists its physics and psychology degrees and its conference interpreting and renewable energy master's programmes among the best in Spain.《世界报》的年度指南常年把该校的物理学与心理学本科以及会议口译与可再生能源硕士列入西班牙最佳之列。
• The Canarias Campus of International Excellence, run with the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, received the Spanish government's top distinction in 2010 for its Atlantic tricontinental strategy.与拉斯帕尔马斯-大加那利大学合办的加那利国际卓越校园因大西洋三洲战略于 2010 年获西班牙政府最高等级认定。

Student life

• The Fuga de San Diego, held every 13 November, is the best-known student tradition, when most students stay away from class in a custom that began in 1919.每年 11 月 13 日的“圣迭戈逃亡”是最著名的学生传统，大多数学生在这一天不去上课，这一习俗始于 1919 年。
• The tradition began when professor Diego Jiménez de Cisneros stopped students from attending the San Diego pilgrimage, and they responded by skipping classes instead.这一传统源于教师迭戈·希门尼斯·德·西斯内罗斯阻止学生参加圣迭戈朝圣，学生便以集体缺课回应。
• Students once counted the buttons on the statue of Juan de Ayala, founder of the San Diego convent, believing the correct number would bring success in examinations.学生过去会数圣迭戈修道院创始人胡安·德·阿亚拉雕像上的纽扣，相信数对便能考试顺利。
• San Fernando, patron of the university since its 1792 foundation, is celebrated on 30 May, the same day as the Canary Islands' regional holiday.自 1792 年建校起，圣费尔南多就是大学的主保圣人，其瞻礼日为 5 月 30 日，与加那利群岛自治区假日同日。
• The foundation is commemorated every 11 March with an act organised by the alumni association and the municipality of La Laguna, attended by the rector.每年 3 月 11 日，校友会与拉拉古纳市政府都会举办建校纪念活动，校长出席。
• Housing places are needs-tested, with priority for students whose family income is below 8,000 euros per person, who live more than 40 kilometres away and who pass 40 per cent of credits to renew.住宿床位须经需求审核，优先考虑家庭人均收入低于 8000 欧元、住址距离超过 40 公里且续租时已通过 40% 学分的学生。
• The Claustro, the university's highest representative body, has 150 elected professors, 75 students and 25 administrative staff, with the Canarian Student Movement Assembly among the largest student groups.大学评议会是最高代表机构，由 150 名教师代表、75 名学生代表与 25 名行政人员代表组成，加那利学生运动大会是最大的学生团体之一。
• Summer universities in La Palma, Lanzarote, La Gomera and Adeje, together with the Aulas del Mar on El Hierro, extend teaching across the archipelago.拉帕尔马、兰萨罗特、戈梅拉与阿德赫的暑期大学，以及耶罗岛的海上课堂，把教学延伸到整个群岛。
• Life on Tenerife combines Atlantic beaches, the Teide volcanic landscape and the historic streets of La Laguna, with student discounts on interurban transport and ferries.特内里费的生活融合了大西洋海滩、泰德火山景观与拉拉古纳的历史街巷，学生在城际交通与渡轮上享有折扣。

Notable people

• Cristóbal Bencomo y Rodríguez, confessor to Ferdinand VII and titular Archbishop of Heraclea, used his court influence to secure the 1816 decree that finally established the university.克里斯托瓦尔·贝科莫·罗德里格斯是费尔南多七世的告解神父与埃雷克利亚名义大主教，他借助宫廷影响促成了最终建立该校的 1816 年王令。
• José de Escobedo y González-Alberú, rector in the 1940s, hurriedly added full philosophy and letters degrees so that the 1943 law would preserve the university, and later wrote its history.何塞·德·埃斯科贝多·冈萨雷斯-阿尔贝鲁在 1940 年代任校长，匆忙增设完整的哲学与文学学位以确保 1943 年法律保留该校，后来还撰写了校史。
• Marisa Tejedor, rector in the 1990s, created the housing service in 1995 and promoted the university's social assistance for students from lower-income families.马里萨·特赫多尔在 1990 年代任校长，于 1995 年创建住宿服务处，并推动学校面向低收入家庭学生的社会援助。
• María Rosa Alonso (1909-2011), philologist and essayist, received an honorary doctorate from ULL in 1994 and gave her name to schools and streets across Tenerife.玛丽亚·罗莎·阿隆索（1909—2011）是语言学家与随笔作家，1994 年获该校荣誉博士学位，特内里费多所学校与街道以她命名。
• Carolina Mallol, an archaeologist trained at Harvard, teaches archaeological sciences at ULL and researches Neanderthal fire use and site formation.卡罗琳娜·马略尔是在哈佛接受训练的考古学家，在拉拉古纳大学讲授考古科学，研究尼安德特人的用火与遗址形成过程。
• Irene González Hernández (1969-2014), a physics graduate of ULL, developed holographic helioseismology at the Institute of Astrophysics of the Canary Islands and died in Tucson at 44.伊雷内·冈萨雷斯·埃尔南德斯（1969—2014）是拉拉古纳大学物理系毕业生，在加那利天体物理研究所发展全息日震学，44 岁时在图森去世。
• María José Guerra Palmero, professor of moral philosophy, chaired the Spanish Philosophy Network from 2017 and served as the Canary Islands' education minister from 2019 to 2020.玛丽亚·何塞·格拉·帕尔梅罗是道德哲学教授，2017 年起任西班牙哲学网络主席，2019 至 2020 年出任加那利群岛教育部长。
• Wolfgang Köhler, a founder of Gestalt psychology, directed the Tenerife Anthropoid Station between 1913 and 1918 in the Casa Amarilla that the university now owns.沃尔夫冈·科勒是格式塔心理学的奠基人之一，1913 至 1918 年在黄房子主持特内里费类人猿研究站，该建筑现归大学所有。
• Diego Jiménez de Cisneros, a professor at the Instituto de Canarias, inadvertently started the Fuga de San Diego in 1919 when he barred students from a pilgrimage.迭戈·希门尼斯·德·西斯内罗斯是加那利学院教师，1919 年他禁止学生参加朝圣，无意间开启了“圣迭戈逃亡”传统。
• Domingo Pisaca, the architect of the Edificio Central and co-author of the Paraninfo, shaped the campus image of the university in the mid-twentieth century.多明戈·皮萨卡是中央大楼的设计者与礼堂的共同设计者，在二十世纪中叶塑造了该校的校园形象。
• José Enrique Marrero Regalado, a leading Canarian architect, designed the Paraninfo together with Pisaca and left several landmark buildings in Santa Cruz de Tenerife.何塞·恩里克·马雷罗·雷加拉多是加那利重要建筑师，与皮萨卡共同设计礼堂，并在圣克鲁斯-德特内里费留下多座地标建筑。