Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas

The Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas (UCLV), known in English as the Central University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas, is a public university in Santa Clara, the capital of Villa Clara province in central Cuba.拉斯维利亚斯中央大学（Universidad Central «Marta Abreu» de Las Villas，简称 UCLV）是古巴中部比亚克拉拉省省会圣克拉拉的一所公立大学。

Founded in 1952 as the first university of central Cuba, it is organised into twelve faculties and is one of the three institutions that Cuban higher education treats as its national flagships.该校创办于 1952 年，是古巴中部第一所大学，现设十二个学院，也是古巴高等教育界公认的三所旗舰院校之一。

It sits in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, holds 10,815 research works and 117,260 citations in OpenAlex, and is absent from the 2027 Times Higher Education table.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列 1201-1400 区间，OpenAlex 收录其 10,815 项研究成果与 117,260 次引用，但未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名。

History

• Santa Clara was founded on 15 July 1689 by families fleeing coastal raids, and the city that would host the university grew into the administrative and commercial centre of the old Las Villas province.圣克拉拉由躲避海岸劫掠的居民于 1689 年 7 月 15 日建立，这座后来接纳大学的城市逐渐成长为旧拉斯维利亚斯省的行政与商业中心。
• Marta Abreu de Estévez was born in Santa Clara on 13 November 1845 into one of the wealthiest landowning families of the region and inherited a fortune she spent on the city.玛尔塔·阿布雷乌·德埃斯特韦斯于 1845 年 11 月 13 日出生在圣克拉拉一个最富有的地主家庭，她继承的财富几乎都用于这座城市。
• Her first philanthropic work, the Colegio San Pedro Nolasco for poor boys, opened in 1882 and was named after her father, who had promoted the idea of a free school for children without means.她的第一项善举是 1882 年开办的圣佩德罗·诺拉斯科贫民男童学校，校名取自她的父亲，正是他最早提出为贫苦儿童办一所免费学校。
• The Teatro La Caridad opened in 1885, built with her money so that its takings would sustain the San Pedro and Santa Rosalía asylum, and it remains the city's principal theatre.1885 年落成的慈善剧院同样由她出资兴建，其票房收入用于维持圣佩德罗与圣罗萨利娅收容院，这座剧院至今仍是该市的主要剧场。
• Marta Abreu died in Paris on 2 January 1909, leaving bequests that funded schools, four public wash-houses on the Bélico and Cubanicay rivers and the city's early electric lighting.玛尔塔·阿布雷乌于 1909 年 1 月 2 日在巴黎去世，其遗赠资助了学校、贝利科河与库巴尼凯河畔的四座公共洗衣房，以及城市早期的电灯照明。
• After a civic campaign for a university in central Cuba, the national government authorised the Universidad Central de Las Villas in 1952, ending Havana's monopoly on degree teaching for the region.在民间推动古巴中部设立大学的运动之后，国民政府于 1952 年批准成立拉斯维利亚斯中央大学，结束了哈瓦那对这一地区学位教育的垄断。
• The new institution took the name of Marta Abreu, whose endowments had educated generations of Santa Clara children, and it opened with a small group of faculties in borrowed buildings.这所新大学采用了玛尔塔·阿布雷乌之名，她的捐赠曾让圣克拉拉几代儿童获得教育，建校之初只在借用的校舍中开设了少数几个学院。
• Its first cohorts studied while the city became a battlefield, and the Battle of Santa Clara of December 1958, in which Ernesto Che Guevara's column derailed an armoured train, decided the fall of Fulgencio Batista.该校最初几届学生在城市化为战场的环境中求学，1958 年 12 月的圣克拉拉战役中，埃内斯托·切·格瓦拉的纵队颠覆了装甲列车，决定了富尔亨西奥·巴蒂斯塔政权的垮台。
• After the 1959 revolution the new government abolished tuition and made university access a political priority, and enrolment at Las Villas grew as scholarships were extended to workers' and peasants' children.1959 年革命后，新政府取消学费并把大学入学列为政治优先事项，随着奖学金向工农子弟开放，拉斯维利亚斯的在校生规模迅速扩大。
• In 1961 students and staff joined the national literacy campaign, and brigades from the university taught reading and writing in the Escambray villages around the future mountain campus.1961 年，该校师生参加全国扫盲运动，大学的扫盲队在未来山地校区周边的埃斯坎布雷村落教授读写。
• The university reform of 1962 replaced the old professorial chairs with departments, rewrote curricula around national development plans and tied teaching to production and to rural practice.1962 年的大学改革以系取代旧式的教授讲座制，围绕国家发展计划重订课程，并把教学与生产劳动、农村实践结合起来。
• During the 1960s the university added engineering, agricultural and teacher-training programmes to serve the sugar, livestock and manufacturing economy of Villa Clara.1960 年代，该校增设工程、农业与师范类课程，以服务比亚克拉拉的甘蔗、畜牧与制造业经济。
• Medical training in Santa Clara was separated from the university in 1966, when the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara was founded as an independent school.1966 年，圣克拉拉的医学教育从大学中分出，比亚克拉拉医学大学作为独立院校成立。
• The Ministry of Higher Education (MES) was created in 1976 and took over the governance of Cuban universities, making Las Villas one of the centres through which national degree programmes were planned.高等教育部于 1976 年成立并接管古巴各大学的治理，拉斯维利亚斯由此成为国家学位课程规划的枢纽之一。
• The 1976 administrative reform that created Villa Clara province gave Santa Clara its present status as a provincial capital and fixed the university's regional catchment.1976 年设立比亚克拉拉省的行政区划改革，确立了圣克拉拉作为省会的地位，也界定了大学的区域招生范围。
• Postgraduate teaching expanded from the 1980s, and the university now reports more than 310 doctorates and 1,600 master's degrees awarded to its own staff and to graduates across the island.研究生教育自 1980 年代扩展，据校方统计，该校已为本校教师与全岛毕业生授予 310 多个博士学位和 1,600 多个硕士学位。
• The Special Period of the 1990s cut fuel, paper and laboratory supplies, and the university kept teaching by improvising equipment and by sharing scarce reagents between faculties.1990 年代的特殊时期使燃料、纸张与实验室物资都极度短缺，学校靠自制设备、在各学院间调剂稀缺试剂维持教学。
• Its agricultural faculty hosted the sixth AGROCENTRO international conference on sustainable agriculture in 2014, an event that drew researchers from across Latin America.2014 年，该校农学院主办第六届农业可持续发展国际会议 AGROCENTRO，吸引拉丁美洲各地研究者参加。
• Under the universalisation of higher education launched in 2003, Las Villas helped staff municipal university branches so that students in rural Villa Clara could study without moving to Santa Clara.2003 年启动的高等教育普及化计划中，拉斯维利亚斯协助为各市镇大学分校配备师资，使比亚克拉拉农村学生不必迁往圣克拉拉即可就读。
• International cooperation widened from the 1970s and now covers agreements with institutions in 105 countries, including a 2019 accord with Hebei Foreign Studies University in China.国际合作自 1970 年代不断扩大，现已覆盖 105 个国家的机构，其中包括 2019 年与中国河北外国语学院签署的协议。
• In 2024 the university signed agreements with Xinyang Normal University and Shandong University of Technology to build a Confucius Institute and the Las Villas Institute of Technology.2024 年，该校与信阳师范学院和山东理工大学签约，共建孔子学院与拉斯维利亚斯科技学院。
• The university's research profile shifted towards biotechnology, energy and computer science after 2000, while its older strengths in sugar chemistry and agricultural science remained.2000 年以后，学校的研究重心转向生物技术、能源与计算机科学，同时在制糖化学与农业科学上的传统优势得以保留。
• Its QS position fell from the 531-540 band in 2021 to 1201-1400 in 2026, a slide that coincided with the island's energy crisis and the emigration of academic staff.该校的 QS 名次从 2021 年的 531-540 区间跌至 2026 年的 1201-1400 区间，这一下滑与全岛能源危机及教师外流同时发生。

Academics

• Teaching is divided among twelve faculties, covering electrical, mechanical, industrial and construction engineering, agricultural sciences, mathematics and computer science, chemistry and pharmacy, economics and management, law, psychology, social sciences, humanities and distance education.教学分为十二个学院，涵盖电气、机械、工业与建筑工程，农业科学，数学与计算机科学，化学与药学，经济与管理，法律，心理学，社会科学，人文以及远程教育。
• The engineering faculties form the largest block, and their laboratories supply the sugar mills, nickel plants and electronics workshops of Villa Clara with engineers and technicians.工程学院构成最大的板块，其实验室为比亚克拉拉的糖厂、镍厂与电子工场输送工程师和技术人员。
• The Faculty of Agricultural Sciences works on livestock, pastures and crop protection, reflecting a province whose economy rests on cattle, tobacco and sugar.农业科学学院从事畜牧、草场与作物保护研究，反映出该省以养牛、烟草与甘蔗为支柱的经济结构。
• Mathematics, physics and computing host the university's artificial intelligence group, which applies machine learning to medicine, agriculture and industrial control.数学、物理与计算机学院设有学校的人工智能研究组，把机器学习用于医学、农业与工业控制。
• Chemists and pharmacists run the CAMD-BIR unit for computer-aided molecular design, which published computational work on SARS-CoV-2 antiviral candidates during the pandemic.化学与药学教师主持计算机辅助分子设计研究组 CAMD-BIR，该组在疫情期间发表了针对新冠病毒抗病毒候选物的计算研究。
• The Faculty of Humanities teaches literature, history, philosophy and languages, and its journalism programme is one of the few in the country outside Havana.人文学院教授文学、历史、哲学与语言，其新闻专业是哈瓦那以外少数几个同类项目之一。
• Economics, accountancy, management and tourism are grouped in the managerial sciences faculty, which trains the cadres of the provincial administration and of the state hotel chain.经济、会计、管理与旅游学科集中在管理科学学院，为省政机关与国营酒店集团培养干部。
• The Faculty of Distance Education extends degrees to adults who work full time, using television, printed modules and weekend tutorials in municipal centres.远程教育学院通过电视、印刷教材与市镇中心的周末辅导，为全职工作的成年人提供学位教育。
• Fifty-four undergraduate programmes lead to licenciatura or engineering degrees, and most are taught in Spanish with a compulsory foreign-language component.学校开设五十四个本科专业，授予学士或工程师学位，多数以西班牙语授课，并设有必修外语课程。
• Postgraduate study offers 44 academic master's programmes and 29 doctorates, concentrated in education, technical sciences, agricultural sciences and economics.研究生阶段设有 44 个学术型硕士项目与 29 个博士点，集中在教育、技术科学、农业科学与经济学。
• Enrolment stands at about 11,500 students, taught by between 2,000 and 2,500 academic staff, a staffing ratio that is unusually generous by regional standards.学校约有 1.15 万名学生，学术人员规模在 2,000 至 2,500 人之间，按地区标准衡量师资配置相当宽裕。
• Only about 51 students are international, most of them from Latin America and Africa, and the university houses them in dedicated residences on the Santa Clara campus.国际学生仅约 51 人，多来自拉丁美洲与非洲，学校把他们安置在圣克拉拉校区的专门宿舍。
• More than 200 cooperation agreements link the university with institutions in 105 countries, from Germany and Belgium to Brazil, Mexico and China.学校签署了 200 多项合作协议，合作机构遍布 105 个国家，从德国、比利时到巴西、墨西哥与中国。
• Its graduates number more than 35,000 engineers, architects, doctors, veterinarians and licentiates, including over 1,000 foreigners from 47 countries.该校毕业生超过 3.5 万人，包括工程师、建筑师、医生、兽医与学士，其中有来自 47 个国家的 1,000 多名外国学生。
• The academic year runs in two semesters, with most courses compressed into eighteen weeks and clinical or industrial placements added in the final years.学年分为两个学期，多数课程压缩在十八周内完成，最后几年另加临床或工业实习。
• Research is organised through faculty groups rather than a separate academy, and the university's scientific council awards the doctoral degrees defended before its tribunals.科研以学院研究组而非独立科学院的形式组织，校学术委员会授予经其答辩委员会通过的博士学位。

Campus

• The main campus lies on the Carretera de Camajuaní at kilometre 5.5, north-west of Santa Clara, on a large green site of teaching blocks, laboratories and residences.主校区位于卡马华尼公路 5.5 公里处，在圣克拉拉西北，是一片由教学楼、实验室与宿舍组成的大型绿地校园。
• A second campus, the Universidad de Montaña, sits in Topes de Collantes in the heart of the Escambray mountains, several hundred metres above sea level.第二个校区名为「山地大学」，位于埃斯坎布雷山脉腹地的托佩斯德科兰特斯，海拔高出城市数百米。
• The mountain campus runs short courses and field schools on mountain agriculture, forestry, tourism and environmental management for communities of the Escambray.山地校区为埃斯坎布雷各社区开设山地农业、林业、旅游与环境管理的短期课程与野外学校。
• Most faculties occupy Soviet-era blocks grouped by discipline, with the engineering buildings closest to the entrance and the agricultural sciences at the rear of the site.多数学院分布在按学科分组的苏式楼群中，工程类建筑靠近校门，农业科学则位于校园深处。
• The central library holds the university's collection of Cuban journals and theses, and faculty reading rooms keep duplicate sets of the most borrowed engineering texts.中央图书馆收藏该校的古巴期刊与学位论文，各学院阅览室则存放最常借阅的工程类教材复本。
• Student residences, a polyclinic, a canteen and sports fields occupy the northern edge of the campus, and the university provides buses from the city centre.学生宿舍、校医务所、食堂与运动场分布在校园北侧，学校还开行从市中心到校区的班车。
• Santa Clara itself supplies the cultural setting, with the Teatro La Caridad of 1885, the Che Guevara mausoleum inaugurated in 1997 and the armoured train monument of 1958.圣克拉拉城本身提供了文化背景，包括 1885 年的慈善剧院、1997 年落成的切·格瓦拉陵园以及 1958 年的装甲列车纪念碑。
• The city is crossed by the Carretera Central and the A1 motorway and served by Abel Santamaría airport eleven kilometres north, which connects it to Havana and to tourist flights.中央公路与 A1 高速公路穿城而过，城北十一公里处的阿贝尔·圣塔玛丽亚机场把它与哈瓦那及旅游航线连接起来。

Reputation

• UCLV is placed in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, the lowest band it has occupied since it entered the ranking.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中处于 1201-1400 区间，这是它进入该榜以来的最低区间。
• Its QS trajectory is steep, from 531-540 in 2021 and 521-530 in 2022 to 851-900 in 2024, 901-950 in 2025 and 1201-1400 in 2026.其 QS 走势陡峭：2021 年为 531-540 区间，2022 年为 521-530 区间，2024 年降至 851-900 区间，2025 年为 901-950 区间，2026 年落至 1201-1400 区间。
• The university is not listed in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, and it did not enter the 2026-2027 U.S. News global table or the 2026 ShanghaiRanking main list.该校未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，也未进入 2026-2027 年度《美国新闻与世界报道》全球大学榜单与 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜。
• In the QS Latin America and Caribbean ranking it stands joint 131st, which keeps it among the visible Cuban institutions in regional comparisons.在 QS 拉丁美洲与加勒比地区排名中，该校并列第 131 位，在地区比较中仍属可见的古巴高校。
• OpenAlex records 10,815 works and 117,260 citations, with output concentrated in chemistry, agricultural science, engineering and, more recently, computer science.OpenAlex 记录该校 10,815 项研究成果与 117,260 次引用，产出集中在化学、农业科学、工程以及近年来的计算机科学。
• The citation-to-work ratio of about eleven to one is typical of a teaching-intensive university with a modest but steady publication record.约十一比一的篇均被引水平，符合一所以教学为主、发表量不大但持续稳定的大学特征。
• Its standing inside Cuba rests on engineering and agricultural training, and it is routinely described as one of the country's three principal universities alongside Havana and Oriente.该校在古巴国内的地位建立在工程与农业人才培养之上，通常与哈瓦那大学、东方大学并列为全国三大高校。
• The fall in global rank reflects the wider contraction of Cuban higher education, where power cuts, transport shortages and the departure of young academics have hit research output.全球名次的下滑反映了古巴高等教育的整体收缩，停电、交通短缺与青年学者外流都打击了科研产出。
• Its international agreements, spread over 105 countries, give it a diplomatic as well as an academic role, and foreign students from 47 countries have graduated from Santa Clara.遍布 105 个国家的合作协议赋予该校外交与学术双重角色，已有来自 47 个国家的外国学生从圣克拉拉毕业。

Student life

• The university does not use a Latin motto, and its ceremonial identity is carried instead by the name of Marta Abreu and the foundation year of 1952.该校不使用拉丁文校训，其礼仪标识改由玛尔塔·阿布雷乌之名与 1952 年建校年份承担。
• Students are organised through the Federación Estudiantil Universitaria, the national student federation founded in 1922, which elects delegates in every faculty.学生通过 1922 年成立的全国大学生联合会组织起来，该会在每个学院选举代表。
• Sport is played faculty against faculty in football, baseball, basketball and athletics, and UCLV sends teams to Cuba's national university games.校内以学院为单位开展足球、棒球、篮球与田径比赛，学校还派队参加古巴全国大学生运动会。
• Cultural life draws on Santa Clara's theatres and museums, above all the Teatro La Caridad and the museums around the Parque Vidal, a few kilometres from the campus gate.文化生活依托圣克拉拉的剧院与博物馆，尤其是慈善剧院以及比达尔公园周边的馆舍，距校门只有数公里。
• The Che Guevara complex, where the remains of the guerrilla and his comrades were interred in 1997, is a standard stop for student delegations and foreign visitors.1997 年安葬切·格瓦拉及其战友遗骨的格瓦拉纪念园区，是学生代表团与外国访客的常规参观点。
• Most students live in the campus residences or commute from Villa Clara municipalities, and the university canteen and polyclinic serve both groups.多数学生住在校内宿舍或从比亚克拉拉各市镇通勤，学校食堂与医务所同时服务这两类学生。
• International students, though few, study alongside Cubans in Spanish and take preparatory language courses before their degrees begin.国际学生人数虽少，但与古巴学生一同以西班牙语学习，并在学位课程开始前参加语言预科。
• The anniversary of the 1952 foundation is marked with academic ceremonies, and graduating engineers receive their degrees in faculties decorated for the occasion.1952 年建校纪念日以学术典礼方式庆祝，毕业工程师在布置一新的学院里领取学位证书。

Notable people

• Marta Abreu de Estévez, the Santa Clara philanthropist born in 1845, gave the university its name and the moral vocabulary of service that its ceremonies invoke.1845 年出生的圣克拉拉慈善家玛尔塔·阿布雷乌·德埃斯特韦斯为学校提供了校名，也提供了其典礼上反复援引的公共服务伦理。
• Her father, Pedro Nolasco Abreu, promoted the free school for poor boys that opened in 1882, the institution from which the family's educational patronage grew.她的父亲佩德罗·诺拉斯科·阿布雷乌促成了 1882 年开办的贫民免费学校，这个家族的教育慈善正是由此展开。
• Miguel Díaz-Canel, president of Cuba since 2019 and first secretary of the Communist Party since 2021, graduated as an electronic engineer from UCLV in 1982 and later taught there.2019 年起任古巴国家主席、2021 年起任古巴共产党中央委员会第一书记的米格尔·迪亚斯-卡内尔，1982 年从该校电子工程专业毕业，后留校任教。
• Rafael Bello Pérez, a computer scientist at the university, built its artificial intelligence group and is counted among the Cuban Academy of Sciences members on the staff.该校计算机科学家拉斐尔·贝略·佩雷斯创建了学校的人工智能研究组，并被列为校内古巴科学院院士之一。
• Luis Hernández Santana and Erik Ortiz Guerra, both professors at Las Villas, are likewise listed among the university's members of the Cuban Academy of Sciences.该校教授路易斯·埃尔南德斯·桑塔纳与埃里克·奥尔蒂斯·格拉同样被列为校内古巴科学院院士。
• Yunier Valeriano Medina completes that group of academy members, which gives the university a thin but visible presence in Cuban scientific governance.尤尼尔·巴莱里亚诺·梅迪纳使这一院士群体更为完整，也让学校在古巴科学治理中保有虽不庞大却可见的存在。
• Ernesto Che Guevara was not a student or teacher here, although his December 1958 battle for Santa Clara is commemorated in the city and taught in the university's history courses.埃内斯托·切·格瓦拉并非该校师生，但他在 1958 年 12 月攻打圣克拉拉的战役在这座城市受到纪念，也是该校历史课程的内容。
• The engineers trained at Las Villas staff the sugar mills of Villa Clara and the electronics and nickel industries of central Cuba, a graduate body of more than 35,000.该校培养的工程师分布在比亚克拉拉的糖厂以及古巴中部的电子与镍工业，毕业生总数超过 3.5 万人。