Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

The Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), rendered in English as the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, is a public state university based in Toluca de Lerdo, capital of the State of Mexico, and the largest higher-education institution in that state.墨西哥州自治大学（Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México，简称 UAEMéx）是墨西哥州首府托卢卡德莱尔多的一所公立州立大学，也是该州规模最大的高等教育机构。

It traces its charter to the Instituto Literario del Estado de México, created on 3 March 1828, and adopted its present name and full university status in 1956 after thirteen years as the Instituto Científico y Literario de Toluca.该校的建制可追溯至 1828 年 3 月 3 日创办的墨西哥州文学研究所，在作为托卢卡科学与文学研究所十三年之后，于 1956 年改用现名并取得完整大学地位。

In the QS World University Rankings 2027 it is placed in the 1201-1400 band, and about 84,500 students, 3,516 academic staff and 23,641 research works indexed in OpenAlex make it one of central Mexico's largest public university systems.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位列 1201-1400 区间；约 84,500 名学生、3,516 名学术人员以及 OpenAlex 收录的 23,641 项研究成果，使其成为墨西哥中部规模最大的公立大学系统之一。

History

• Mexico became independent in 1821, and Guadalupe Victoria, its first president, pressed for schools able to reach the indigenous population that colonial higher education had left out.墨西哥于 1821 年独立，首任总统瓜达卢佩·维多利亚主张兴办学校，让殖民时期被高等教育排除在外的原住民群体也能受教育。
• The state constitution signed at Texcoco in 1827 ordered the creation of an institution to supervise public education at every level, and the state capital moved that year to San Agustín de las Cuevas, today Tlalpan.1827 年在特斯科科签署的州宪法规定设立一所统管各级公共教育的机构，同年州府迁至圣阿古斯丁·德拉斯库埃瓦斯，即今日的特拉尔潘。
• In Tlalpan the seminary inaugurated by governor Lorenzo de Zavala began classes on 4 September 1827 in the Casa de las Piedras Miyeras, the building that would house the future institute.在特拉尔潘，州长洛伦索·德萨瓦拉主持开办的神学院于 1827 年 9 月 4 日在米耶拉斯石屋开始授课，这栋建筑后来成为研究所的校舍。
• On 3 March 1828 the state congress, presided over by José María Luis Mora, approved the transformation of that school into the Literary Institute of the State of Mexico, the Instituto Literario del Estado de México.1828 年 3 月 3 日，由何塞·马里亚·路易斯·莫拉主持的州议会批准将该校改制为墨西哥州文学研究所（Literary Institute of the State of Mexico）。
• Mora wanted the institute financed by citizens and shielded from government interference, while Zavala argued for public funding and scholarships, and Zavala's position carried the day.莫拉希望研究所由公民出资并免受政府干预，萨瓦拉则主张公共财政拨款与奖学金制度，最终萨瓦拉的主张获得采纳。
• The founding curriculum combined law with compulsory French, English and German, since textbooks existed only in those languages, and drawing was required as part of a rounded education.最初的课程把法律与必修的法语、英语和德语结合起来，因为当时的教科书只有这些语言版本，绘画也被列为通识教育的必修内容。
• When the state government moved to Toluca in 1830 the institute followed, taking up quarters in the Convento de La Merced, its first seat in the state capital.1830 年州政府迁往托卢卡，研究所随之迁移，进驻仁慈修道院，这是它在州府的第一处校址。
• In 1833 Zavala expropriated El Beaterio, a large Toluca house intended for a community of beatas, and converted it into the permanent premises of the institute.1833 年，萨瓦拉征用了托卢卡一栋原拟供修女团体居住的大宅埃尔贝阿特里奥，将其改为研究所的长期校舍。
• The centralist regime of 1835 to 1846 closed the state institutes by decree of Antonio López de Santa Anna, and the Toluca institute stayed shut for more than a decade.1835 至 1846 年的中央集权政权依据安东尼奥·洛佩斯·德圣安纳的法令关闭各州立研究所，托卢卡的研究所因此停办十余年。
• On 7 November 1846 interim governor Francisco Modesto de Olaguíbel signed the decree reopening the institute, and classes resumed on 7 June 1847 with municipal scholarships restored.1846 年 11 月 7 日，代理州长弗朗西斯科·莫德斯托·德奥拉吉贝尔签署法令重开研究所，1847 年 6 月 7 日恢复授课，各市镇的奖学金也一并恢复。
• After the Mexican-American War the United States army occupied Toluca in 1849 and requisitioned the building as headquarters, so the students decamped to the Convento del Carmen.美墨战争之后，美军于 1849 年占领托卢卡并把校舍征作司令部，学生只好转移到卡门修道院上课。
• Archduke Maximilian stayed at the Convento del Carmen during his October 1864 tour of Toluca, promised a bag of gold coins for its restoration, and was executed in 1867 without having paid.1864 年 10 月马克西米利安大公巡视托卢卡时下榻卡门修道院，承诺捐出一袋金币用于修缮，但他在 1867 年被处决，承诺并未兑现。
• After the Reform War the positivist curriculum that Gabino Barreda designed for the National Preparatory School, the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria, was extended to the state institutes, and governor Mariano Riva Palacio remodelled the Toluca syllabus accordingly.改革战争之后，加维诺·巴雷达为国立预科学校（National Preparatory School）设计的实证主义课程被推广到各州立研究所，州长马里亚诺·里瓦·帕拉西奥据此改订了托卢卡的课程。
• On 15 September 1887 governor José Zubieta presented the students with their first institutional banner, whose motto Patria, Ciencia y Trabajo (Homeland, Science and Labour) still anchors the university's identity.1887 年 9 月 15 日，州长何塞·苏别塔向学生授予第一面校旗，旗上校训「祖国、科学与劳动」至今仍是这所大学的精神内核。
• The banner placed a crown of olive and oak for the homeland, a star for science and a beehive for labour on a green field, and its green and gold survive in the present coat of arms.校旗在绿色底面上以橄榄枝与橡枝组成的花冠象征祖国、以星辰象征科学、以蜂巢象征劳动，其绿金两色沿用至今，构成现行校徽的基础。
• At the end of the nineteenth century governor José Vicente Villada ordered a full remodelling designed by the architect José Luis González Collazo and built by the engineer Anselmo Camacho, a former mathematics professor.十九世纪末，州长何塞·维森特·比利亚达下令全面改建校舍，由建筑师何塞·路易斯·冈萨雷斯·科利亚索设计，曾任数学教授的总工程师安塞尔莫·卡马乔负责施工。
• The institute exhibited dissected animals from its Natural Sciences Cabinet at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1889, a mark of the Porfiriato's confidence in provincial science.1889 年，研究所把自然科学陈列室中的动物解剖标本送往巴黎世界博览会展出，显示出波菲里奥时期对地方科学的信心。
• During the Porfiriato the institute added typography, lithography and carpentry workshops, housed the Arts and Crafts School and briefly sheltered the Teacher Training College, a period its historians call its golden age.波菲里奥时期，研究所增设印刷、石印与木工工场，容纳工艺学校（Arts and Crafts School），并一度接纳师范学校（Teacher Training College），其校史研究者称这段时期为黄金时代。
• The institute stayed open throughout the Mexican Revolution, and its façade was reproduced on a one-peso banknote issued by the State of Mexico in 1915.墨西哥革命期间研究所始终未停课，其正立面还被印在墨西哥州 1915 年发行的一比索纸币上。
• For its centenary in 1928 the institute received an anthem by the literature professor Horacio Zúñiga and the music professor Felipe Mendoza, while the foundation stone of the Monumento al Maestro was laid on 3 March.1928 年百年校庆时，文学教授奥拉西奥·苏尼加与音乐教授费利佩·门多萨为学校创作了校歌，教师纪念碑的奠基石也于 3 月 3 日安放。
• Students campaigned for autonomy for about a decade after the National University of Mexico won its own in 1929, some were jailed in the prison facing the institute, and governor Isidro Fabela signed the autonomy decree on 31 December 1943.1929 年墨西哥国立大学（National University of Mexico）获得自治后，该校学生为争取自治奋斗了约十年，有人被关进研究所对面的监狱，州长伊西德罗·法贝拉最终于 1943 年 12 月 31 日签署自治法令。
• Autonomy took effect on 15 January 1944, and in 1956 the institution adopted the name Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México together with the organic law of a full university.自治于 1944 年 1 月 15 日生效，1956 年该校正式采用墨西哥州自治大学之名，并颁行完整的大学组织法。
• From the 1960s the university built the Ciudad Universitaria on the Cerro de Coatepec and opened regional academic units, so that by the 2020s it taught in most regions of the state.自 1960 年代起，该校在科阿特佩克山建设大学城，并陆续开设地区教学单位，到 2020 年代其教学网络已覆盖州内大部分地区。

Academics

• Teaching is organised through faculties in Toluca and a ring of regional academic units, with a preparatory division that supplies the university's own upper-secondary intake.教学由托卢卡的各学院与一圈地区教学单位承担，另设预科部，为大学输送本校的高中毕业生。
• Its faculties in the capital include Medicine, Law, Engineering, Chemistry, Political and Social Sciences, Economics, Accounting and Administration, Humanities, Nursing and Obstetrics, Dentistry and Behavioural Sciences.其在州府的学院包括医学、法律、工程、化学、政治与社会科学、经济学、会计与管理、人文、护理与助产、牙科以及行为科学等学院。
• The Faculty of Medicine teaches at the Paseo Tollocan complex and feeds the state's public hospitals, while nursing, dentistry and health sciences share the same clinical network.医学院在托卢坎大道校区授课，为州立公立医院输送人才，护理、牙科与健康科学各院则共享同一临床教学网络。
• Chemistry and engineering staff work with the Joint Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CCIQS), a laboratory created with the National Autonomous University of Mexico.化学与工程学科的教师参与可持续化学联合研究中心（CCIQS）的工作，该实验室由该校与墨西哥国立自治大学共同创建。
• Agricultural sciences, veterinary medicine and environmental programmes draw on field stations in the Toluca valley, where the university tests crops, irrigation and soil management for the state's farmers.农业科学、兽医学与环境类课程依托托卢卡谷地的试验站，为州内农户测试作物、灌溉与土壤管理技术。
• More than 80 undergraduate programmes are offered, spanning law and the social sciences, health, engineering, natural sciences, education, tourism and the arts.学校开设 80 多个本科专业，涵盖法律与社会科学、健康、工程、自然科学、教育、旅游与艺术等领域。
• Postgraduate studies lead to specialisations, master's degrees and doctorates, and several programmes are taught jointly with other Mexican universities and research centres.研究生教育涵盖专业进修、硕士与博士学位，部分项目与墨西哥其他高校及研究中心联合开设。
• QS counted 3,516 academic staff for 72,774 higher-education students, a ratio of roughly twenty-one students per teacher, alongside 493 international students.QS 统计该校有 3,516 名学术人员与 72,774 名高等教育学生，相当于约二十一名学生配一名教师，另有 493 名国际学生。
• The preparatory schools account for a large part of the headline enrolment of 84,500, since the university runs upper-secondary colleges as well as degree programmes.预科学校在 84,500 人的总在册人数中占相当比例，因为该校除学位项目外还自办高中阶段的学校。
• Regional academic units in Texcoco, Ecatepec, Valle de Bravo, Atlacomulco and Tejupilco take degree teaching into municipalities far from Toluca.位于特斯科科、埃卡特佩克、巴耶德布拉沃、阿特拉科穆尔科与特胡皮尔科的地区教学单位，把学位教育送到远离托卢卡的市镇。
• Scholarships for students from the state's municipalities continue a principle written into the 1828 foundation, when each town was required to send poor students supported by the public treasury.面向州内各市镇学生的奖学金延续了 1828 年建校时确立的原则，当时每个市镇都须选送由公库资助的贫困学生。
• The university belongs to the National Association of Universities and Higher Education Institutions (ANUIES) and maintains exchange agreements with universities in Europe and the Americas.该校是全国大学与高等教育机构协会（ANUIES）成员，并与欧洲及美洲多所大学签有交换协议。
• UAEMéx hosts Redalyc, the open-access index of Latin American and Iberian journals founded at the university in 2003, which supplies much of its visibility in bibliometrics.该校是拉丁美洲与伊比利亚期刊开放获取索引 Redalyc 的主办方，该平台 2003 年在此创立，也是学校在文献计量中获得能见度的重要来源。
• A library system centred on the Ciudad Universitaria serves the faculties, with reading rooms in the regional units and a digital repository for theses and journals.以大学城为中心的图书馆系统服务各学院，地区教学单位设有阅览室，另建有待收学位论文与期刊的数字仓储。
• The university press issues monographs, textbooks and the journals of its research centres, and it publishes the results of state-funded studies on water, health and rural development.大学出版社出版专著、教材与各研究中心的期刊，并刊布由州政府资助的水资源、健康与农村发展研究成果。
• Doctoral training is concentrated in medicine, education, law, engineering and social sciences, where the university awards the degrees that qualify academics for the state's universities.博士培养集中在医学、教育、法律、工程与社会科学领域，该校授予的学位是进入州内高校任教的重要资历。

Campus

• The Ciudad Universitaria occupies the Cerro de Coatepec in Toluca, at roughly 2,660 metres above sea level, and gathers most faculties, laboratories and central services on one hillside site.大学城位于托卢卡的科阿特佩克山，海拔约 2,660 米，把大部分学院、实验室与中枢服务集中在一片山坡上。
• The historic rectory stands at Instituto Literario 100 in the centre of Toluca, in the remodelled El Beaterio, and remains the ceremonial address of the university.历史悠久的校长楼位于托卢卡市中心的文学研究所街 100 号，即改建后的埃尔贝阿特里奥，至今仍是学校的礼仪性校址。
• In front of the rectory, the Patio del Centenario takes its name from the 1928 centenary and holds the Monumento al Maestro, completed in 1933 by Ignacio Asúnsolo and Vicente Mendiola.校长楼前的百年庭院因 1928 年百年校庆得名，院中矗立着伊格纳西奥·阿松索洛与维森特·门迪奥拉于 1933 年完成的教师纪念碑。
• The Convento del Carmen, which sheltered the institute in 1849 and hosted Maximilian in 1864, survives as one of the oldest landmarks in the university's institutional memory.1849 年为研究所提供校舍、1864 年接待过马克西米利安的卡门修道院，至今仍是该校机构记忆中最古老的标志之一。
• Regional units in the municipalities give the university a footprint across the State of Mexico, a territory of 125 municipalities around the capital.设于各市镇的地区教学单位让学校在墨西哥州全境布点，这一地区环绕首都，共辖 125 个市镇。
• Toluca lies about 65 kilometres west of Mexico City, is served by the Adolfo López Mateos airport and by motorways that bring commuter students into the capital every day, and it also hosts private campuses such as those of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and the Technological University of Mexico.托卢卡位于墨西哥城以西约 65 公里，由阿道弗·洛佩斯·马特奥斯机场与多条高速公路连接，每天都有通勤学生往返州府，城中还设有蒙特雷理工学院（Monterrey Institute of Technology）与墨西哥理工大学（Technological University of Mexico）等私立校区。
• The Ciudad Universitaria includes sports fields, a swimming pool and an auditorium, and its green slopes above the city are used for cross-country running and outdoor teaching.大学城内设运动场、游泳池与礼堂，高出城市的绿色山坡则用于越野跑与户外教学。
• Library and cultural buildings cluster around the central plaza of the campus, and the university's museums and galleries mount exhibitions drawn from its collections of art and natural history.图书馆与文化建筑环绕校园中央广场，校属博物馆与展厅常以馆藏艺术与自然史标本举办展览。

Reputation

• The university is listed in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, the same band that contains several of Mexico's large state universities.该校进入 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名 1201-1400 区间，与墨西哥多所大型州立大学同处一带。
• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 it is ranked 2001, placing it in the bottom segment of the global table.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校位列第 2001 位，处于全球榜单的末段。
• It did not enter the 2026-2027 U.S. News global universities table, and it is likewise absent from the 2026 ShanghaiRanking Academic Ranking of World Universities.该校未进入 2026-2027 年度《美国新闻与世界报道》全球大学榜单，也未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜。
• In the QS Latin America and the Caribbean ranking it was placed joint 73rd, a stronger result than its global band suggests.在 QS 拉丁美洲与加勒比地区排名中，该校并列第 73 位，这一成绩好于其全球区间所显示的位置。
• OpenAlex indexes 23,641 works with 389,279 citations for the university, figures driven by medicine, chemistry, agricultural science and social research.OpenAlex 收录该校 23,641 项研究成果、共 389,279 次引用，这些数字主要由医学、化学、农业科学与社会研究贡献。
• The citation count is close to ten times the number of works, which reflects a long tail of clinical and applied papers rather than a small set of highly cited publications.引用总数接近论文数的十倍，反映出其临床与应用类论文的长尾分布，而非依赖少数高被引成果。
• Redalyc, founded at UAEMéx in 2003, indexes hundreds of Latin American journals and gives the university a role in regional scholarly publishing beyond its own output.2003 年在该校创立的 Redalyc 收录数百种拉丁美洲期刊，使这所大学在自身产出之外，还在区域学术出版中扮演角色。
• As the largest university in the State of Mexico, a state of some seventeen million people, it supplies teachers, doctors, lawyers and engineers to the metropolitan area of the Valley of Mexico.作为拥有约一千七百万人口的墨西哥州规模最大的大学，该校为墨西哥谷都市区输送教师、医生、律师与工程师。
• Its standing rests on regional scale and professional training rather than on research prestige, and its global rank has moved within the 1001-1400 range over the past decade.该校的地位主要建立在区域规模与职业培养之上，而非研究声望，其全球名次近十年一直在 1001-1400 区间内浮动。

Student life

• The motto Patria, Ciencia y Trabajo (Homeland, Science and Labour) comes from the 1887 banner and is displayed at ceremonies alongside the green and gold of the coat of arms.校训「祖国、科学与劳动」源自 1887 年的校旗，在各类典礼上与校徽的绿金两色一同展示。
• The university anthem written in 1928 by Horacio Zúñiga and Felipe Mendoza is sung at the opening of the academic year and at the anniversary ceremony on 3 March.奥拉西奥·苏尼加与费利佩·门多萨于 1928 年创作的校歌，在学年开学典礼与 3 月 3 日校庆仪式上演唱。
• Each generation of teachers and students can receive the Ignacio Ramírez Calzada and Ignacio Manuel Altamirano medals, named for two nineteenth-century figures of the institute.每届师生都有机会获得以十九世纪两位研究所人物命名的伊格纳西奥·拉米雷斯·卡尔萨达奖章与伊格纳西奥·曼努埃尔·阿尔塔米拉诺奖章。
• The anniversary falls on 3 March, when the foundation of 1828 is remembered in the Patio del Centenario and in the regional units alike.校庆定在 3 月 3 日，百年庭院与各地区教学单位都会在这一天纪念 1828 年的创办。
• Athletic teams carry the Potros nickname, and the university has fielded a professional football club, Potros UAEM, in Mexico's second division.校运动队以「波特罗斯」（Potros，意为幼马）为名，学校还曾以 Potros UAEM 之名在墨西哥乙级联赛派出职业足球俱乐部。
• Students from the 125 municipalities mix on the Ciudad Universitaria, and the preparatory schools feed a culture of inter-school competition in football, basketball and athletics.来自 125 个市镇的学生在大学城交汇，预科学校之间形成了足球、篮球与田径的校际竞赛传统。
• Life centres on the hillside campus and on the historic centre of Toluca, where the rectory, bookshops and cafés give students a second, older pole of university life.校园生活一面围绕山坡上的大学城，一面围绕托卢卡历史中心，校长楼、书店与咖啡馆为学生提供了另一处更古老的校园生活据点。

Notable people

• Ignacio Manuel Altamirano, the indigenous writer from Tixtla who became a leading liberal intellectual, studied at the institute on a municipal scholarship and later defended younger indigenous students there.来自蒂斯特拉的原住民作家伊格纳西奥·曼努埃尔·阿尔塔米拉诺靠市镇奖学金在研究所求学，后来成为自由主义知识界的代表人物，并在校内保护年幼的原住民学生。
• Ignacio Ramírez, known as El Nigromante, taught at the institute and became one of the intellectual authors of the Reform, and the 1846 reopening was credited to his initiative.人称「魔法师」的伊格纳西奥·拉米雷斯曾在研究所任教，是改革运动的思想推动者之一，1846 年的复校也被归功于他的倡议。
• Adolfo López Mateos, president of Mexico from 1958 to 1964, taught at the institute and later directed it before entering national politics.1958 至 1964 年任墨西哥总统的阿道弗·洛佩斯·马特奥斯曾在研究所任教，并于进入全国政坛前主持校务。
• José Vasconcelos, philosopher and first secretary of public education after the revolution, completed his primary schooling in Toluca and remembered the city's sweets in his memoirs.哲学家、革命后首任公共教育部长何塞·巴斯孔塞洛斯在托卢卡读完小学，并在回忆录中念念不忘这座城市的糖果。
• Andrés Molina Enríquez, a law graduate of the institute, wrote Los grandes problemas nacionales in 1909, a text that shaped the land reform clause of the 1917 constitution.研究所法律系毕业生安德烈斯·莫利纳·恩里克斯于 1909 年出版《国家的重大问题》，该书影响了 1917 年宪法的土地改革条款。
• Gustavo Baz Prada, a medical student who joined the Zapatistas, later governed the State of Mexico and served as rector of the National Autonomous University of Mexico from 1940 to 1942.曾以医科学生身份加入萨帕塔武装的古斯塔沃·巴斯·普拉达，后来出任墨西哥州州长，并于 1940 至 1942 年任墨西哥国立自治大学校长。
• Daniel Cosío Villegas, economist and historian, founded the Fondo de Cultura Económica in 1934 and helped create the College of Mexico, institutions that reshaped Mexican intellectual life.经济学家与历史学家丹尼尔·科西奥·比列加斯于 1934 年创办经济文化基金出版社，并参与创建墨西哥学院（College of Mexico），这两个机构深刻影响了墨西哥的思想生活。
• Gilberto Owen, poet of the Contemporáneos group and a diplomat, is counted among the institute's alumni, as is the painter and illustrator Pastor Velázquez Hernández.「同代人」诗派诗人、外交官希尔韦托·欧文被列为研究所校友，画家与插画家帕斯托尔·贝拉斯克斯·埃尔南德斯亦在其中。