Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara (UAG)

Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara (UAG) is a private, coeducational university in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, and the country's first private university and first private medical school.瓜达拉哈拉自治大学（Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara，简称UAG）是墨西哥哈利斯科州瓜达拉哈拉的一所私立男女同校大学，也是该国第一所私立大学与第一所私立医学院。

It was founded on 3 March 1935 as Universidad del Occidente (University of the West), a conservative response to the socialist turn in Mexican public education, and later adopted its present name.该校于1935年3月3日以「西方大学」（Universidad del Occidente）之名创立，是对墨西哥公立教育社会主义转向的保守回应，后来改用现名。

UAG enrols students from 25 countries, runs a medical school with more than 15,000 graduates and appears in the 1401+ band of the QS World University Rankings 2027.该校招收来自25个国家的学生，其医学院已有逾15000名毕业生，并在2027年QS世界大学排名中位列1401+并列区间。

History

• The university's origins lie in the conflict that followed the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920, when successive governments tried to use public education to consolidate the revolution's social programme.该校的起源可追溯至1910至1920年墨西哥革命后的冲突，当时历届政府试图借助公共教育巩固革命的社会纲领。
• On 20 July 1934 General Plutarco Elías Calles, a former president, delivered the "Grito de Guadalajara", calling on the revolution to seize the consciences of children and youth from the clergy and the conservatives.1934年7月20日，前总统普鲁塔科·埃利亚斯·卡列斯发表「瓜达拉哈拉呼声」，号召革命从教士与保守派手中夺取儿童与青年的思想。
• Article 3 of the Constitution was amended in 1934 to mandate "socialist education" in public schools, while Article 24 guaranteed freedom of belief, sharply restricting Catholic influence in education.1934年，宪法第3条被修订，规定公立学校实行「社会主义教育」，第24条则保障信仰自由，大幅限制天主教会在教育中的影响。
• In 1933 Marxist and traditionalist factions at the National University clashed over its ideology, with Antonio Caso defending academic freedom and Vicente Lombardo Toledano arguing for a Marxist university.1933年，国立大学内马克思主义派与传统派围绕大学意识形态发生冲突，安东尼奥·卡索捍卫学术自由，维森特·隆巴多·托莱达诺则主张马克思主义化的大学。
• The first Congress of Mexican Universities voted in 1933 to give the National University a socialist orientation, and attempts to impose the model on other public universities provoked strikes at the University of Guadalajara.1933年墨西哥大学首届大会投票决定让国立大学转向社会主义方向，将这一模式推广至其他公立大学的尝试在瓜达拉哈拉大学引发罢课。
• The strikes led to arrests and deaths and to the closure of the public university, which reopened in 1935 after the governor of Jalisco, Everardo Topete, authorised the creation of Mexico's first private university.罢课导致逮捕与死亡，公立大学被迫关闭；1935年，哈利斯科州州长埃韦拉多·托佩特批准创办墨西哥第一所私立大学，公立大学才得以复课。
• The new institution was first conceived as Universidad del Occidente and was housed in the Nuñez building at number 28, whose founders rented houses for schools and colleges and modelled their studies on UNAM programmes.新机构最初定名「西方大学」，校址设在努涅斯街28号楼，创办者租用房屋办学，并参照墨西哥国立自治大学的课程设置。
• On 3 March 1935 the university was formally established, a date later commemorated in the name of its football stadium, Estadio Tres de Marzo.1935年3月3日，学校正式成立，这一日期后来被用于命名其足球场「三月三日体育场」。
• The lawyer Agustín Navarro Flores became the first dean, and on 5 May 1935 Alberto G. Arce was named director of the School of Jurisprudence.律师阿古斯丁·纳瓦罗·弗洛雷斯出任首任校长，1935年5月5日，阿尔贝托·G·阿尔塞被任命为法学院院长。
• On 15 May 1935 doctors Adolfo Esteban Saucedo and Cave Brambila were appointed director and secretary of the School of Medicine, Dr Agustín Hernández took charge of dentistry, engineer Luis Ugarte of engineering and Professor María Villanueva of the high school.1935年5月15日，阿道夫·埃斯特班·绍塞多与卡韦·布拉姆比拉医生分别出任医学院院长与秘书，阿古斯丁·埃尔南德斯医生负责牙科，路易斯·乌加尔特工程师负责工程，玛丽亚·比利亚努埃瓦教授负责中学部。
• The first medical class was taught on 5 June 1935 in premises on Tolsa Avenue, now Enrique Díaz de León Avenue, on land donated by Ramón Garibay that later became the university hospital.1935年6月5日，首届医学课程在托尔萨大道（今恩里克·迪亚斯·德莱昂大道）开课，校舍所在土地由拉蒙·加里拜捐赠，后来成为大学医院。
• In 1955 the university began a multidisciplinary community-medicine project involving medicine, architecture, dentistry, social work, psychology, nursing, law and chemistry students and professors.1955年，学校启动跨学科社区医疗项目，参与者包括医学、建筑、牙科、社会工作、心理学、护理、法律与化学专业的师生。
• On 21 April 1956 the second dean, Dr Fernando Banda, laid the foundation stone of University City's first section, the site of the present Institute of Biological Sciences.1956年4月21日，第二任校长费尔南多·班达博士为大学城第一区奠基，该处现为生物科学研究所所在地。
• Basic science teaching moved to the Lomas del Valle campus in 1963, while clinical courses remained at Hospital Ramón Garibay in the city.1963年，基础医学教学迁至洛马斯德尔瓦列校区，临床课程仍留在城内的拉蒙·加里拜医院。
• University City construction began in 1968 and was inaugurated on 30 April 1970 under the third dean, Dr Luis Garibay Gutiérrez, completing the first stage of the master plan between 1965 and 1973.大学城于1968年动工，1970年4月30日在第三任校长路易斯·加里拜·古铁雷斯任内落成，1965至1973年间完成了总体规划第一阶段。
• The Central Library was completed in 1970 together with the School of Library Science, and the Women's School educational complex was finished in 1972.中央图书馆于1970年建成，同期设立图书馆学学院；女子学校教育综合体则于1972年竣工。
• In 1972 the university created its Training Centre for continuing education, which grew into a division with four institutes, including INDHEX, INDTECNO, IDEA and ICASA, and five development centres.1972年，学校设立继续教育培养中心，后发展为拥有INDHEX、INDTECNO、IDEA与ICASA四个研究所以及五个发展中心的继续教育部门。
• In 1973 Medicine in the Community (PMC) was formally established as part of the Education in the Community plan, and in 1998 the Primary Care Mobile Unit (UMAP) extended basic health services to poor communities.1973年，「社区医学」（PMC）作为「社区教育」计划的一部分正式设立；1998年，初级保健流动队（UMAP）将基本卫生服务扩展至贫困社区。
• On 26 July 1991 the federal government's 158th Agreement granted the university full academic independence and the right to award degrees at all levels, published in the Official Gazette that day.1991年7月26日，联邦政府第158号协议授予该校完全学术自主权与各级学位授予权，并于当日在《官方公报》公布。
• In the 1970s and 1980s UAG built a network of international agreements and helped found GULERPE, CAMESA, IASEI and CUIDES, and in 1987 its dean was elected president of the International Association of University Presidents.1970至1980年代，UAG建立国际协议网络，并参与创办GULERPE、CAMESA、IASEI与CUIDES；1987年，其校长当选国际大学校长协会主席。
• The 1970s also brought the School of Journalism in 1970, the Centre for University Communication in 1977 and the daily Eight Columns in 1978, diversifying a university built around medicine and law.1970年代，学校又于1970年设立新闻学院、1977年成立大学传播中心、1978年将《八栏报》改为日报，使以医学与法律为主的大学走向多元。

Academics

• UAG was Mexico's first private university and opened the country's first private medical school in 1935, a dual founding that still defines its academic profile.UAG是墨西哥第一所私立大学，并于1935年开办该国第一所私立医学院，这一双重起点至今仍界定其学术形象。
• The School of Medicine offers clinical training in ophthalmology, neurosurgery, psychiatry, ear-nose-throat, orthopaedics and dermatology, and master's programmes in health services administration, morphological sciences, physiology and health.医学院提供眼科、神经外科、精神病学、耳鼻喉科、骨科与皮肤科的临床训练，并开设卫生服务管理、形态科学、生理学与健康学硕士课程。
• Medical students train through agreements with more than 100 hospitals in Mexico and with partner institutions abroad, and the school reports more than 15,000 graduates practising in all 50 US states and over 15 countries.医学生通过与墨西哥100多家医院及海外合作机构的协议接受训练，学院称其逾15000名毕业生在美国全部50个州与15个以上国家行医。
• Its two university hospitals, Hospital Ramón Garibay and Hospital Dr Ángel Leaño, began internship and specialty residency programmes in 1970 in paediatrics, gynaecology, obstetrics, anaesthesiology and pneumology.该校两所大学医院——拉蒙·加里拜医院与安赫尔·莱亚尼奥博士医院——于1970年始设实习与专科住院医师项目，涵盖儿科、妇科、产科、麻醉学与肺病学。
• The medical school is listed in the WHO World Directory of Medical Schools, approved for US Department of Education Title IV, accredited by COMAEM and recognised by ECFMG, FAIMER and COPAES.医学院列入世界卫生组织《世界医学院校名录》，获美国教育部第四章资助资格，通过COMAEM认证，并获ECFMG、FAIMER与COPAES承认。
• The 2018 survey of the Federation of State Medical Boards found 5,742 UAG graduates licensed to practise in the United States, one of the three largest counts among international medical schools.美国州医学委员会联合会2018年调查显示，有5742名UAG毕业生获准在美国行医，在国际医学院校中位列前三。
• Beyond medicine, UAG taught law, dentistry and engineering from 1935, and in 1970 created a School of Journalism that grew into Communication Sciences.除医学外，UAG自1935年起教授法律、牙科与工程，1970年又设立新闻学院，后扩展为传播科学。
• The university publishes the newspaper Eight Columns, which became a daily in 1978 with an average of 48,000 copies and 80 pages, as well as the Nexus newspaper and Alma Mater magazine. Its press issues several dozen titles a year for educational, cultural and research purposes, and the academic journal Teaching circulates in Latin America through GULERPE, CAMESA and IASEI.学校出版《八栏报》，该报1978年改为日报，日均发行约48000份、80版，另出版《Nexus》报纸与《Alma Mater》杂志；大学出版社每年推出数十种教育、文化与研究类读物，学术期刊《Teaching》经GULERPE、CAMESA与IASEI在拉美发行。
• The Centre for University Communication (CECUN) was created in 1977 to coordinate the journalism school's newspapers, academic publications and media relations.大学传播中心（CECUN）于1977年成立，负责统筹新闻学院的报纸、学术出版物与媒体关系。
• University in the Community (UNICO), founded in 1992 and inspired by US community colleges, offers short higher-education courses with SEP-recognised professional certificates. Graduates receive a UAG certificate and degree title together with a professional certificate from the Secretariat of Public Education.社区大学（UNICO）成立于1992年，以美国社区学院为蓝本，提供短期高等教育课程与获SEP承认的职业证书；毕业生可获得UAG颁发的学业证书与学位证书，以及公共教育部颁发的职业证书。
• The Division of Continuing Education, dating from the 1972 Training Centre, runs four institutes and five development centres for professional and executive training.继续教育部门源于1972年的培养中心，现设四个研究所与五个发展中心，面向职业与高管培训。
• The "Strengthening Teachers" programme brings professors and experts from other countries for short training visits and sends UAG teachers to sister universities abroad.「强化教师」项目邀请外国教授与专家短期访问培训，并派UAG教师赴海外姊妹大学进修。
• UAG's international network includes GULERPE, CAMESA, IASEI and CUIDES, organisations founded with Latin American and US partners to promote educational cooperation.UAG的国际网络包括GULERPE、CAMESA、IASEI与CUIDES，这些机构与拉美及美国伙伴共同创办，旨在推动教育合作。
• The university draws students from 25 countries, and its medical school in particular recruits large numbers of international students, especially from the United States.学校招收来自25个国家的学生，医学院尤其吸引大量国际学生，其中以美国学生为主。
• Teaching is conducted in Spanish, with English-language support for international medical students preparing for US licensing examinations.教学以西班牙语进行，并为准备美国医师执照考试的国际医学生提供英语支持。
• UAG's academic model combines professional schools with a high-school division and also operates an elementary school and two middle schools, reflecting its founders' aim of building a complete educational pathway from primary school to postgraduate study.UAG的学术模式将专业学院与中学部结合，学校还办有一所小学与两所中学，体现创办者从小学到研究生阶段构建完整教育路径的目标。

Campus

• The main campus, Ciudad Universitaria, lies in the Lomas del Valle area of Zapopan, within the Guadalajara metropolitan area, at coordinates 20.69 north and 103.42 west.主校区「大学城」位于瓜达拉哈拉都会区萨波潘的洛马斯德尔瓦列一带，坐标约为北纬20.69度、西经103.42度。
• University City was built from 1968 and inaugurated on 30 April 1970, replacing the scattered rented houses, including the Nuñez building, used from 1935.大学城于1968年动工、1970年4月30日落成，取代了1935年起使用的努涅斯楼等分散租借校舍。
• The campus includes the Institute of Biological Sciences, which received the medical school's basic science courses in 1963, the Central Library completed in 1970 and the university's own high school.校园包括生物科学研究所、1970年建成的中央图书馆以及大学附属中学，前者于1963年承接医学院基础科学课程。
• Hospital Ramón Garibay, the university's first hospital, occupies the site donated by Ramón Garibay on what is now Enrique Díaz de León Avenue.拉蒙·加里拜医院是该校第一所医院，位于加里拜捐赠的土地上，地处今恩里克·迪亚斯·德莱昂大道。
• Hospital Dr Ángel Leaño, opened in 1974, was designed for clinical teaching and named after one of the university's most prominent founders.安赫尔·莱亚尼奥博士医院于1974年启用，按临床教学需求设计，以该校最显要的创办人之一命名。
• Estadio Tres de Marzo, in Zapopan, has a capacity of 30,015 and is named after the university's founding date of 3 March 1935.位于萨波潘的「三月三日体育场」可容纳30015人，得名于1935年3月3日的建校日期。
• The stadium's original prefabricated steel stands held about 3,000 spectators. Concrete stands built after promotion in 1973 raised capacity to 15,000, a 1975 remodelling took it to 25,000, and work for the 1986 World Cup produced the present 30,015, with the pitch and drainage renovated in 1999.体育场最初的预制钢看台仅容约3000人；1973年升级后改建混凝土看台，容量增至15000人，1975年再扩建至25000人，1986年世界杯前施工后达到如今的30015人，1999年又翻新了草皮与排水系统。
• Guadalajara's historic centre, with its cathedral, Hospicio Cabañas and murals by José Clemente Orozco, lies a short drive from the campus and shapes student cultural life.瓜达拉哈拉历史中心拥有大教堂、卡瓦尼亚斯救济院与何塞·克莱门特·奥罗斯科的壁画，距校区车程不远，塑造了学生的文化生活。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara is placed in the 1401+ band, the open-ended final segment of the global table.在2027年QS世界大学排名中，瓜达拉哈拉自治大学位列1401+并列区间，即全球榜单末端的开放区间。
• UAG did not appear in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and it was not included in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities list.UAG未进入2027年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，也未进入2026-2027年度《美国新闻与世界报道》全球最佳大学榜单。
• It was also absent from the 2026 Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities main table, so its QS placement is its only numerical position among the four major global rankings.该校同样未进入2026年软科世界大学学术排名主榜，因此在四大全球主榜中，QS位次是其唯一的数值排名。
• Its strongest quantitative reputation claim is medical: 5,742 graduates licensed in the United States in 2018, third among international medical schools behind Saint George's University and Ross University.其最有力的量化声誉来自医学：2018年有5742名毕业生在美国获执照，在国际医学院校中仅次于圣乔治大学与罗斯大学。
• The US Department of Education recognises COMAEM, UAG's accreditor, as comparable to the LCME process used for American medical schools.美国教育部认定UAG的认证机构COMAEM与美国医学院所采用的LCME程序具有可比性。
• More than 15,000 UAG medical graduates practise in all 50 US states and in over 15 countries, a diaspora that sustains the school's international reputation.逾15000名UAG医学毕业生在美国全部50个州与15个以上国家行医，这一校友网络支撑着学院的国际声誉。
• In 1987 the dean of UAG was elected president of the International Association of University Presidents, reflecting the university's role in Latin American higher-education cooperation.1987年，UAG校长当选国际大学校长协会主席，反映该校在拉美高等教育合作中的角色。
• As Mexico's first private university, UAG is historically significant in a national system long dominated by public institutions such as UNAM and the University of Guadalajara.作为墨西哥第一所私立大学，UAG在长期由墨西哥国立自治大学与瓜达拉哈拉大学等公立机构主导的国家体系中具有历史意义。
• Its football club's unique rise from the lower divisions to a national title gives the university a visibility in Mexican sport that few private universities match.其足球俱乐部从低级别联赛一路升入顶级并夺冠的独特经历，使该校在墨西哥体育界拥有少数私立大学可比的知名度。
• Mexico's private sector also includes the Monterrey Institute of Technology, La Salle University and the Ibero-American University, while public higher education is anchored by the National Autonomous University of Mexico, the National Polytechnic Institute and the University of Guadalajara.墨西哥私立高教领域还包括蒙特雷理工学院、拉萨尔大学与伊比利亚美洲大学，公立高教则以墨西哥国立自治大学、国立理工学院与瓜达拉哈拉大学为支柱。

Student life

• The university's mascot is the Tecolote, the Spanish and Nahuatl word for owl, and its sports teams are known as the Tecos.该校吉祥物为「Tecolote」，即西班牙语与纳瓦特尔语中的猫头鹰，运动队因此被称为「Tecos」。
• The Tecos football team joined the Mexican federation in 1971, reached the second division in 1973 and the Primera División in 1974-1975, winning the national championship once.Tecos足球队1971年加入墨西哥足协，1973年升入乙级，1974至1975赛季升入甲级，并曾一次夺得全国冠军。
• UAG is the only club in Mexican football history to rise from the two lower divisions and then win the championship, a feat celebrated by students and alumni.UAG是墨西哥足球史上唯一从两个低级别联赛连续升级并最终夺冠的俱乐部，这一成就为学生与校友所传颂。
• In 2009 the team's name changed to Estudiantes, and home matches are played at Estadio Tres de Marzo, whose name recalls the university's founding on 3 March 1935.2009年，球队更名为Estudiantes，主场设在「三月三日体育场」，其名称纪念1935年3月3日的建校日。
• The student newspaper Eight Columns, founded with the journalism school in 1970, became a daily in 1978 and remains the best-known student media tradition on campus.学生报纸《八栏报》随1970年新闻学院成立而创办，1978年改为日报，至今仍是校园最知名的学生媒体传统。
• Medicine in the Community sends students and professors into poor neighbourhoods, a service programme that began in 1955 and was formalised in 1973 with the PMC and in 1998 with UMAP.「社区医学」项目把师生送入贫困社区，这一服务始于1955年，1973年以PMC名义正式化，1998年又扩展出UMAP。
• UNICO offers short community-college courses to working adults, giving the university a second, less traditional student population alongside its degree programmes.UNICO为在职成年人提供短期社区学院课程，使学校在学位教育之外拥有第二类、更为非传统的学生群体。
• Guadalajara's music, film and food scene, together with the nearby historic centre, gives UAG students a cultural life that extends well beyond the campus gates.瓜达拉哈拉的音乐、电影与美食氛围，加上附近的历史中心，使UAG学生的文化生活远不止于校园之内。
• The medical school has also entered popular culture: in the NBC series Chicago Med, the character Dr Connor Rhodes is revealed to have studied at UAG.医学院还进入了流行文化：在美国全国广播公司剧集《芝加哥医院》中，康纳·罗兹医生被揭示曾就读于UAG。

Notable people

• Dr Ángel Leaño, one of the university's most prominent founders, is commemorated in the name of the 1974 university hospital.安赫尔·莱亚尼奥博士是该校最显要的创办人之一，1974年启用的大学医院以他命名。
• Ramón Garibay donated the land on which the first medical school building and hospital stood, and Hospital Ramón Garibay still bears his name.拉蒙·加里拜捐赠了首座医学院校舍与医院所在土地，拉蒙·加里拜医院至今仍以他命名。
• Agustín Navarro Flores, a lawyer, was the university's first dean and organised its first faculties in 1935.律师阿古斯丁·纳瓦罗·弗洛雷斯是该校首任校长，于1935年组建首批学院。
• Fernando Banda, the second dean, laid the foundation stone of University City in 1956, and Luis Garibay Gutiérrez, the third dean, inaugurated it in 1970.第二任校长费尔南多·班达于1956年为大学城奠基，第三任校长路易斯·加里拜·古铁雷斯则于1970年为大学城落成揭幕。
• Alberto G. Arce was named director of the School of Jurisprudence on 5 May 1935, and Dr Adolfo Esteban Saucedo became the first director of the School of Medicine ten days later.阿尔贝托·G·阿尔塞于1935年5月5日被任命为法学院院长，阿道夫·埃斯特班·绍塞多医生则在十天后成为首任医学院院长。
• María Villanueva, the first director of the university's high school, and engineer Luis Ugarte, the first engineering director, shaped UAG's early teaching in the professions.玛丽亚·比利亚努埃瓦是该校中学部首任主任，路易斯·乌加尔特工程师是首任工程负责人，二人塑造了UAG早期的专业教育。
• Sofía Aragón, a UAG alumna, won the Mexicana Universal title in 2019 and represented Mexico in international pageants.UAG校友索菲亚·阿拉贡于2019年获得墨西哥环球小姐称号，并代表墨西哥参加国际选美赛事。
• Durell Peaden, a physician and UAG graduate, served as a Republican member of the Florida Senate from 2000 to 2010.医生、UAG毕业生杜雷尔·皮登于2000至2010年任佛罗里达州参议院共和党议员。
• Lloyd Richardson, another graduate, was President of the Parliament of Sint Maarten from 2014 to 2015.另一位毕业生劳埃德·理查森于2014至2015年任荷属圣马丁议会议长。
• Rande Lazar, a paediatric otolaryngologist trained at UAG, is known for philanthropic work in Memphis, Tennessee.兰德·拉扎尔在UAG接受医学训练，是儿科耳鼻喉科医生，以在田纳西州孟菲斯的慈善工作闻名。
• Mauricio Toussaint, an artist and UAG alumnus, works in painting and sculpture and has exhibited in Mexico and abroad.毛里西奥·图桑是艺术家与UAG校友，从事绘画与雕塑，并在墨西哥国内外展出。
• Everardo Villaseñor managed the Tecos to promotion to the Primera División in 1975, while Guillermo Sepúlveda led the earlier rise to the second division in 1973.埃韦拉多·比利亚塞尼奥尔于1975年率Tecos升入甲级，吉列尔莫·塞普尔维达则于1973年带队升入乙级。