Universidad Autónoma Chapingo

Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (Chapingo Autonomous University, UACh) is a federally funded public university in Texcoco, State of Mexico, dedicated to agricultural, forestry and rural sciences.查平戈大学（Universidad Autónoma Chapingo，简称 UACh）是墨西哥州特斯科科的一所联邦资助公立大学，专注农业、林业与乡村科学。

It descends from the Escuela Nacional de Agricultura founded in 1854 and moved in 1923 to the former Hacienda de Chapingo, whose chapel holds Diego Rivera's 1924-1927 murals.该校源自 1854 年创办的国立农业学校，1923 年迁入原查平戈庄园，庄园礼拜堂内保存着迭戈·里维拉 1924 至 1927 年创作的壁画。

The university enrols 5,949 students and employs 1,099 academic staff, according to its 2026 QS profile, and it is placed in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027 while being absent from the 2027 Times Higher Education ranking, the 2026-2027 U.S. News global table and the 2026 ShanghaiRanking main list.据该校 2026 年 QS 档案，在校生 5949 人、专任教师 1099 人；它在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中处于 1201 至 1400 区间，未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名、2026 至 2027 年度《美国新闻与世界报道》全球榜单以及 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜。

History

• The National School of Agriculture, the Escuela Nacional de Agricultura, was founded in 1854 in the Monastery of San Jacinto in Mexico City, making it one of the oldest agricultural schools in the Americas.国立农业学校（Escuela Nacional de Agricultura）于 1854 年在墨西哥城的圣哈辛托修道院创办，是美洲历史最悠久的农业学校之一。
• The school was created to give Mexican agriculture a scientific cadre after independence, teaching soils, crops and veterinary science to a small cohort of boarding students, and it remains the direct ancestor of the present university.这所学校旨在为独立后的墨西哥农业培养科学人才，向少数寄宿学生教授土壤、作物与兽医知识，至今仍是这所大学的直系前身。
• Hacienda de Chapingo, the estate to which the school later moved, was built at the end of the seventeenth century by the Marqués Francisco Antonio de Medina y Picazzo.学校后来迁入的查平戈庄园，由侯爵弗朗西斯科·安东尼奥·德·梅迪纳·皮卡索（Francisco Antonio de Medina y Picazzo）于 17 世纪末建造。
• The hacienda passed to the Society of Jesus in the eighteenth century and was taken from the order when the Jesuits were expelled from Spanish territories in 1767.这座庄园在 18 世纪转归耶稣会，1767 年耶稣会士被逐出西班牙领地时，庄园被收归他人。
• President Álvaro Obregón moved the Escuela Nacional de Agricultura to Chapingo in 1923, turning a colonial estate into a national centre for agronomic teaching and research.1923 年，总统阿尔瓦罗·奥夫雷贡（Álvaro Obregón）把国立农业学校迁至查平戈，使这座殖民时期庄园成为全国农学教学与研究中心。
• Diego Rivera began painting the chapel of the former hacienda in 1924 and completed the cycle in 1927, covering walls and ceiling with 41 panels on land, revolution and natural cycles.迭戈·里维拉于 1924 年开始为旧庄园礼拜堂作画，1927 年完成，以 41 幅画面覆盖墙壁与穹顶，主题涉及土地、革命与自然循环。
• The murals include Tierra Fecunda at the front of the room, a reclining nude surrounded by personifications of wind, water and fire, with three smaller figures standing for a humanity that has built machines to harness natural energy, and the cycle is considered among Rivera's finest works.壁画中的《丰饶大地》位于厅堂正面，画中一位裸身女子斜卧，四周是风、水、火的拟人形象，另有三个人物较小的身影，象征建造机器以驾驭自然能量的人类，这组作品被视为里维拉最杰出的创作之一。
• Postgraduate studies were added in 1959, when the school began awarding master's degrees and building the research programmes that later supported its doctoral work.1959 年学校增设研究生教育，开始授予硕士学位，并逐步建立起后来支撑博士培养的科研体系。
• The institution received autonomous status in 1978 and took the name Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, with its own governing council and the power to set its curriculum.该校于 1978 年获得自治地位，改称查平戈自治大学，拥有自己的治理委员会与课程设置权。
• Through the 1980s Chapingo was regularly listed among Mexico's ten leading universities, a position built on its central role in national agricultural research.整个 1980 年代，查平戈常被列入墨西哥十强大学，其地位建立在该校在全国农业研究中的核心作用之上。
• The university's agricultural preparatory school has been ranked first among Mexican high schools since 2012, and it feeds students directly into the degree programmes.该校的农业预科学校自 2012 年以来一直位居墨西哥高中第一，学生可直接升入本科专业。
• In the 2015 QS Latin America ranking Chapingo stood at 126th, its highest regional position, before sliding to the 181-190 band by 2023.在 2015 年 QS 拉丁美洲排名中，查平戈位列第 126 位，是其地区排名的高点，到 2023 年则下滑至 181 至 190 区间。
• QS placed the university in the 751-800 band of its world ranking in 2023 and in the 251-300 band for agriculture and forestry in the same cycle.2023 年，QS 将该校列入世界排名 751 至 800 区间，同年其农业与林业学科处于 251 至 300 区间。
• In the QS 2024 subject table Chapingo rose to 226th in agriculture and forestry, its strongest international position in recent years.在 2024 年 QS 学科榜单中，查平戈的农业与林业升至第 226 位，是近年最好的国际位次。
• The 2027 QS World University Rankings moved the university into the 1201-1400 band, a sharp fall from its 2023 position and a reflection of changed weighting.2027 年 QS 世界大学排名把该校移入 1201 至 1400 区间，较 2023 年大幅下滑，反映评价权重的变化。
• For 2027 the Times Higher Education ranking does not list Chapingo, and neither the 2026-2027 U.S. News table nor the 2026 ShanghaiRanking main list includes it.2027 年泰晤士高等教育排名未收录查平戈，2026 至 2027 年度《美国新闻与世界报道》榜单与 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜也未将其列入。
• The National Museum of Agriculture opened on the campus to present the history of Mexican farming from the pre-Hispanic period to the present, with about 4,000 objects.国家农业博物馆设于校园内，展示从前西班牙时期到当代的墨西哥农业史，藏品约 4000 件。
• The museum's collection includes implements, seed varieties, agronomic instruments and photographs by Hanz Gutmann, and it serves as a teaching collection for students.馆藏包括农具、种子品种、农学仪器以及汉斯·古特曼（Hanz Gutmann）的摄影作品，同时作为学生的教学收藏。
• A mural by Luis Nishizawa, painted in his final year at the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas, was later acquired by the university and installed in the building known as El Partenón, where the triangular work measures six metres high by nine metres wide and depicts Mexican agriculture past and present.路易斯·西泽（Luis Nishizawa）在国立造型艺术学院毕业那年创作的壁画，后来由该校购藏，安置在被称为「帕特农」的建筑内；这幅三角形作品高六米、宽九米，描绘墨西哥农业的过去与现在。
• The university has kept its boarding model, and the preparatory school still houses adolescents from rural communities across Mexico who would otherwise have no access to secondary education.该校保留了寄宿制，预科学校至今仍接收来自墨西哥各地乡村、否则无缘中等教育的青少年。

Academics

• Chapingo is organised into departments rather than faculties, covering plant science, soils, animal science, agricultural parasitology, entomology and forestry.查平戈以系而非学院为组织单位，涵盖植物科学、土壤学、动物科学、农业寄生虫学、昆虫学与林业。
• Its departments also include forestry industries, irrigation, agricultural economics, rural sociology, agricultural engineering, agricultural mechanics, statistics and computing.其系科还包括林业工业、灌溉、农业经济学、乡村社会学、农业工程、农业机械、统计学与计算。
• Undergraduate degrees run for four years and lead to the title of ingeniero or licenciado in fields such as agronomy, forestry, agroecology, horticulture, agri-food networks, international trade, forestry restoration and agribusiness, and the university awards both technical and full bachelor's degrees.本科学位为四年制，毕业生在农学、林业、农业生态、园艺、农食网络、国际贸易、森林恢复与农业综合企业等领域获得工程师或学士称号，学校同时颁发技术文凭与完整本科学位。
• The agricultural preparatory school offers a three-year programme, and applicants who already hold a high-school diploma take a one-year preparatory course before entering a degree.农业预科学校提供三年制课程，已持有高中文凭的申请者则须先读一年预科，再进入本科。
• The university's 2026 QS profile records 5,949 students and 1,099 academic staff, a ratio of roughly one teacher to five students that is unusually low for a Mexican public university.该校 2026 年 QS 档案记录学生 5949 人、专任教师 1099 人，约一名教师对五名学生，这一比例在墨西哥公立大学中相当低。
• Its programmes are strongly practical, and every student completes field work on the university's experimental plots and in its forestry and livestock units.该校课程实践性很强，每名学生都要在校属试验田、林场与畜牧单位完成田间实习。
• Research concentrates on maize and other staple crops such as beans and amaranth, on nopal cactus, soil conservation, irrigation efficiency, plant breeding, agroforestry and rural development.科研集中于玉米以及豆类、苋菜等主粮作物，也涉及仙人掌、土壤保持、灌溉效率、植物育种、农林复合经营与乡村发展。
• Chapingo maintains seed banks and germplasm collections that support Mexican maize diversity, a resource of international importance for plant breeding.该校保存的种子库与种质资源支撑着墨西哥玉米的多样性，是国际植物育种的重要资源。
• The university publishes technical journals and extension material for Mexican farmers, and its staff advise government agencies on agricultural policy.该校为墨西哥农民出版技术期刊与推广资料，其教师也为政府部门的农业政策提供咨询。
• Teaching is largely in Spanish, and international students are few, with 47 recorded in the 2026 QS profile.教学主要以西班牙语进行，国际学生人数很少，2026 年 QS 档案仅记录 47 人。
• The university's library, the Biblioteca Central, holds agronomy, forestry and rural social science collections and serves both the preparatory school and the degree programmes.该校的中心图书馆收藏农学、林业与乡村社会科学文献，同时服务预科与本科教学。
• Doctoral programmes are offered in agricultural sciences, forestry, rural development and related fields, and they are run with national research institutes.该校在农业科学、林业、乡村发展及相关领域开设博士项目，并与国家级研究机构合作培养。
• The university runs extension services, soil and water laboratories and a plant health clinic that diagnose problems for farmers in the Valley of Mexico.该校设有推广服务、水土实验室与植物健康诊所，为墨西哥谷地的农户诊断问题。
• Admission is competitive and is decided by examination, with places allocated across the agricultural preparatory school and the degree programmes.该校招生竞争激烈，通过考试录取，名额在农业预科学校与本科专业之间分配。
• Chapingo's curriculum requires social service, and graduates spend a period working in rural communities before they receive their degrees.该校课程要求履行社会服务，毕业生须在农村社区工作一段时间后方可获得学位。
• The university's research output is indexed by OpenAlex at 9,377 works and 109,608 citations, concentrated in crop science, forestry and soil science.OpenAlex 为该校收录 9377 项成果与 109608 次引用，集中于作物科学、林业与土壤学。
• Doctoral students work with INIFAP, the National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research, which runs Mexico's network of agricultural experiment stations.博士生与墨西哥国家林业、农业与畜牧研究所（INIFAP）合作，该机构运营着全国的农业试验站网络。
• Chapingo occupies a specialised niche in a system dominated by large public universities such as the National Autonomous University of Mexico and the National Polytechnic Institute.在由墨西哥国立自治大学与国家理工学院等大型公立高校主导的体系中，查平戈占据了一个专门化的生态位。
• Its graduates move into the Secretariat of Agriculture, the National Forestry Commission and the National Water Commission, the agencies that administer rural policy.该校毕业生进入农业部、国家林业委员会与国家水资源委员会等主管乡村政策的机构工作。
• Chapingo shares the Texcoco plain with the Postgraduate College in Montecillo, a federal graduate school of agriculture with which it collaborates on doctoral training.查平戈与位于蒙特西略的研究生学院共享特斯科科平原，这所联邦农业研究生院与该校在博士培养上开展合作。

Campus

• The campus occupies the former Hacienda de Chapingo at kilometre 38.5 of the Mexico-Texcoco highway, about 30 km east of Mexico City.校园位于墨西哥城至特斯科科公路 38.5 公里处的原查平戈庄园，距墨西哥城约 30 公里。
• The hacienda's chapel, now the university's ceremonial hall, holds the Rivera murals and is the most visited interior space on campus.庄园礼拜堂现为大学礼仪厅，内藏里维拉壁画，是校园中参观人数最多的室内空间。
• The murals cover more than 700 square metres and are divided into three parts: the struggle for land on the left, the evolution of nature on the right and the communion of humanity and earth in the centre, while the south wall follows germination, growth and flowering and the north wall applies the same cycle to revolution, closing with buried seeds and buried martyrs.壁画覆盖 700 多平方米，分为三部分：左侧表现争取土地的斗争，右侧表现自然的演化，中央表现人类与大地的交融；南墙描绘发芽、生长与开花，北墙把同一循环用于革命，并以埋下的种子与殉难者收束。
• The National Museum of Agriculture occupies 2,000 square metres and traces Mexican farming from pre-Hispanic systems to industrial agriculture.国家农业博物馆占地 2000 平方米，梳理从史前农耕体系到工业化农业的墨西哥农业历程。
• The campus retains the hacienda's aqueduct, courtyards and granaries, and its tree-lined avenues were laid out around the colonial buildings.校园保留了庄园的渡槽、庭院与粮仓，林荫大道围绕殖民时期建筑展开。
• Experimental fields, orchards, greenhouses and livestock sheds surround the academic buildings, so that teaching plots are within walking distance of lecture rooms.试验田、果园、温室与畜舍环绕教学建筑，教学田区与教室步行可达。
• The university's forestry and agricultural units extend beyond the main estate, and students travel to field stations in other parts of the Valley of Mexico.该校的林业与农业单位延伸至主庄园之外，学生需前往墨西哥谷地其他地区的野外站。
• Student dormitories and a dining hall support the boarding model, particularly for preparatory students who come from communities far from Texcoco.学生宿舍与食堂支撑寄宿制，尤其服务于来自远离特斯科科社区的生源。
• The campus is linked to Mexico City by the Texcoco highway and by bus routes, and it sits near the archaeological zone of Teotihuacan to the north.校园经特斯科科公路与公交线路连接墨西哥城，北面靠近特奥蒂瓦坎考古区。
• The estate's open land gives the university room for long-term field trials, a rarity for an institution within reach of the capital's metropolitan area.庄园的开阔土地为长期田间试验提供了空间，这在大都市区可达范围内的院校中并不多见。
• The campus stands at about 2,250 metres above sea level on the floor of the Valley of Mexico, an altitude that shapes which crops can be tested on its plots.校园位于墨西哥谷地底部，海拔约 2250 米，这一高度决定了试验田可以种植和测试的作物种类。

Reputation

• Chapingo is placed in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027.查平戈在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中处于 1201 至 1400 区间。
• In the QS 2024 agriculture and forestry subject table it ranked 226th, its strongest recent international position.在 2024 年 QS 农业与林业学科排名中，该校位列第 226 位，是其近年最好的国际位次。
• QS placed it at 181-190 in Latin America in 2023 and at 751-800 in the world ranking that same year, down from 126th regionally in 2015.2023 年 QS 将其列于拉丁美洲 181 至 190 区间，同年世界排名为 751 至 800，较 2015 年地区第 126 位明显下滑。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 do not include Chapingo, and it is absent from the 2026-2027 U.S. News global table.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名未收录查平戈，该校也不在 2026 至 2027 年度《美国新闻与世界报道》全球榜单中。
• The 2026 ShanghaiRanking Academic Ranking of World Universities does not include the university in its main list.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜未收录该校。
• OpenAlex indexes 9,377 works and 109,608 citations for Chapingo, a modest citation count that reflects its applied, Spanish-language research base.OpenAlex 为该校收录 9377 项成果与 109608 次引用，引用量不高，反映其以西班牙语为主的应用型科研结构。
• The university is consistently described as Mexico's leading agricultural college, and its graduates staff the country's agricultural ministries, research institutes and agribusinesses.该校一直被描述为墨西哥领先的农业院校，毕业生遍布该国农业部门、研究机构与农业企业。
• Its reputation rests on applied agronomy rather than on international publication, and its strongest fields are crop science, forestry, irrigation and rural development.该校声誉建立在应用农学而非国际论文发表之上，最强的领域是作物科学、林业、灌溉与乡村发展。
• The QS 2026 profile rates its research output as very high relative to its size, a judgement based on publication volume per academic staff member.QS 2026 年档案按师均论文产出评定，认为该校的科研产出相对于其规模属于「很高」水平。
• Private rivals such as the Monterrey Institute of Technology lead national employability tables, while Chapingo competes on agricultural specialisation rather than on graduate salaries.蒙特雷理工学院等私立院校在全国就业力榜单上领先，而查平戈的竞争力在于农业专业化，而非毕业生薪资。
• Several Chapingo researchers have been elected to the Mexican Academy of Sciences, the country's principal scientific academy, and a larger number hold membership of the National System of Researchers.该校多位研究人员当选墨西哥科学院院士，这是该国最主要的科学学术机构，还有更多教师入选国家研究人员体系。
• Its subject ranking is stronger than its overall position: 226th in agriculture and forestry in 2024 against a world rank of 751-800 in 2023, a pattern typical of specialised institutions.该校的学科排名强于综合排名：2024 年农业与林业位列第 226，而 2023 年世界综合排名为 751 至 800，这是专科学院常见的格局。

Student life

• Chapingo's motto is Enseñar la explotación de la tierra, no la del hombre, meaning to teach the working of the land, not of man.该校校训为西班牙语「Enseñar la explotación de la tierra，no la del hombre」，意为「教会人耕作土地，而非剥削他人」。
• The motto is displayed in university publications and quoted at graduation ceremonies, where it frames the university's self-image as a school for rural development rather than for agribusiness alone.这句校训出现在学校出版物中，并在毕业典礼上被引用，塑造了学校作为乡村发展学堂而非单纯农业商学院的自我定位。
• The boarding system structures daily life: preparatory students live on campus, eat in the dining hall and work on the farm in rotating shifts.寄宿制塑造了日常生活：预科学生住校、在食堂用餐，并轮流到农场劳动。
• Students organise by degree programme, and each department has a society that runs academic events, sports teams and the annual welcome for new cohorts.学生按专业组织，每个系都有学生社团，负责学术活动、运动队与年度迎新。
• Football, basketball and athletics are the main sports, and departmental teams compete through the academic year.足球、篮球与田径是主要运动项目，各系代表队贯穿学年参加比赛。
• The Rivera chapel is used for graduations and concerts, and its murals are part of every student's first-month orientation.里维拉礼拜堂用于毕业典礼与音乐会，壁画也是每名新生入学第一个月导览的必修内容。
• The National Museum of Agriculture gives students access to historical implements and seed collections that illustrate the crops they study in the field.国家农业博物馆让学生接触历史农具与种子收藏，为他们田间学习的作物提供历史脉络。
• Texcoco and the surrounding Valley of Mexico provide markets, festivals and field sites, and Mexico City is reachable by bus for cultural life.特斯科科与周边的墨西哥谷地提供集市、节庆与实习地点，学生也可乘公交前往墨西哥城参与文化生活。

Notable people

• Mario Moreno, known as Cantinflas, studied at the Escuela Nacional de Agricultura before turning to the stage and became Mexico's most famous comic actor, though he never graduated.以「坎廷弗拉斯」闻名的马里奥·莫雷诺（Mario Moreno）曾在国立农业学校就读，后转向舞台，成为墨西哥最著名的喜剧演员，但并未毕业。
• José Clemente Orozco studied agriculture at the school and worked as an agricultural topographer before becoming one of Mexico's great muralists.何塞·克莱门特·奥罗斯科（José Clemente Orozco）曾在该校学习农业，并做过农业地形测绘员，后来成为墨西哥伟大的壁画家之一。
• Diego Rivera painted the chapel murals between 1924 and 1927, though he was a visiting artist rather than a member of the university.迭戈·里维拉于 1924 至 1927 年间绘制礼拜堂壁画，但他只是受聘艺术家，并非该校成员。
• Víctor Villalobos, an agronomist trained in the Chapingo tradition, served as Secretary of Agriculture and Rural Development from 2018.受查平戈农学传统培养的农学家维克托·比利亚洛沃斯（Víctor Villalobos）自 2018 年起担任农业与乡村发展部部长。
• María Luisa Albores González, a Chapingo graduate, became Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources in 2020.该校毕业生玛丽亚·路易莎·阿尔沃雷斯·冈萨雷斯（María Luisa Albores González）于 2020 年出任环境与自然资源部部长。
• Silvano Aureoles Conejo, a former governor of Michoacán, studied at Chapingo before entering state politics.米却肯州前州长西尔瓦诺·奥雷奥莱斯·科内霍（Silvano Aureoles Conejo）在进入州政坛之前就读于查平戈。
• Félix Agramont Cota, the first governor of Baja California Sur, was trained as an agricultural engineer at the school.南下加利福尼亚州首任州长费利克斯·阿格拉蒙特·科塔（Félix Agramont Cota）在该校接受农业工程师训练。
• Álvaro Carrillo, the composer of popular Mexican songs, studied agronomy at Chapingo before turning to music.墨西哥流行歌曲作曲家阿尔瓦罗·卡里略（Álvaro Carrillo）在转向音乐之前曾在查平戈学习农学。
• Luis Nishizawa, the painter, studied at the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas and later donated a mural to Chapingo, where it is displayed in El Partenón.画家路易斯·西泽（Luis Nishizawa）毕业于国立造型艺术学院，后来向查平戈捐赠了一幅壁画，陈列于「帕特农」建筑内。
• Hanz Gutmann, a photographer of German origin, documented Mexican rural life and his work now forms part of the National Museum of Agriculture's collection.德裔摄影师汉斯·古特曼（Hanz Gutmann）记录了墨西哥乡村生活，其作品现藏于国家农业博物馆。
• The university's alumni network is strongest in the federal agriculture ministry, state rural development agencies and the country's research institutes.该校校友网络在联邦农业部、各州乡村发展机构与全国研究机构中最为集中。