TU Wien

TU Wien, officially the Technische Universität Wien, is a public research university in Vienna, Austria, founded on 6 November 1815 by Emperor Francis I as the Imperial-Royal Polytechnic Institute and focused on engineering, computer science and the natural sciences.维也纳工业大学（TU Wien，全称 Technische Universität Wien）是奥地利维也纳的公立研究型大学，1815 年 11 月 6 日由弗朗茨一世皇帝创立为帝国与王国理工学院，以工程、计算机科学与自然科学为主。

With more than 26,000 students in 62 degree programmes across eight faculties, it is Austria's largest research and educational institution in technology and natural sciences, and it is placed equal 191st in the 2027 QS World University Rankings.学校设 8 个学部、62 个学位项目，学生逾 2.6 万人，是奥地利最大的技术与自然科学教研机构，2027 年 QS 世界大学排名并列第 191。

History

• Its institutional roots lie in the military, mining and commercial academies of the eighteenth century, and the direct model was the École polytechnique founded in Paris in 1795.其制度渊源可溯至 18 世纪的军事、矿业与商业学院，直接范本是 1795 年创立的巴黎综合理工学院。

• Emperor Francis I instructed the Imperial Commission on Education on 4 April 1805 to examine the establishment of a polytechnic institute in Vienna, and Johann Joseph Prechtl was commissioned in March 1810 to draft its organisation and curriculum.1805 年 4 月 4 日，弗朗茨一世皇帝谕令帝国教育委员会研究在维也纳设立理工学院；1810 年 3 月，约翰·约瑟夫·普雷希特尔受托草拟其组织与课程。

• The Imperial-Royal Polytechnic Institute was officially opened on 6 November 1815, with lectures beginning the next day, when just three of the planned eight professors taught 47 students.帝国与王国理工学院 1815 年 11 月 6 日正式开幕，次日开课，首年仅 3 位教授到任（原定 8 位），教授 47 名学生。

• Prechtl, appointed director on 24 December 1814, became the institution's first head and conceived it as a university-like institute with academic freedom for professors and students.1814 年 12 月 24 日获任主管的普雷希特尔成为机构首脑，并将其设想为大学式机构，师生享有学术自由。

• The foundation stone of the main building on the Karlsplatz was laid on 14 October 1816, and the institute moved into the new building, designed by Joseph Schemerl von Leythenbach, in autumn 1818.卡尔广场主楼 1816 年 10 月 14 日奠基，由约瑟夫·舍默尔·冯·莱滕巴赫设计，1818 年秋落成迁入。

• The 1817 constitution charged the institute with technical education, a showcase of sciences and arts and the promotion of national industry, and organised it into a technical and a commercial department with a two-year preparatory school.1817 年章程赋予学校技术教育、科学与艺术展示、促进民族工业三项任务，设技术学门与商学门，并附两年制预备学校。

• In the first half of the nineteenth century it was by far the largest technical institution of the Habsburg Monarchy, serving as the model for new polytechnics in Karlsruhe in 1825 and Hanover in 1831.19 世纪上半叶，它是哈布斯堡王朝规模最大的技术院校，1825 年的卡尔斯鲁厄与 1831 年的汉诺威理工均以其为范。

• Christian Doppler, who announced the Doppler effect in 1842, studied at the institute and later taught there, holding a professorship from 1850 until his death in 1853.1842 年提出多普勒效应的克里斯蒂安·多普勒曾在此就读并留校任教，1850 年起任教授至 1853 年去世。

• In 1872 the polytechnic was transformed into the Technische Hochschule, gaining greater academic rights, and in 1901 it received the authority to award doctoral degrees.1872 年，理工学院改制为工业大学（Technische Hochschule），学术权利扩大；1901 年获授博士学位授予权。

• Women were admitted as regular students in 1919, and the First World War sharply reduced enrolment while university facilities were turned to military use.1919 年女性获准成为正式学生；第一次世界大战期间学生数骤降，校舍改作军用。

• After 1938 the university suffered severe political interference under National Socialism, with professors and students dismissed or excluded on political and racial grounds, and it underwent reconstruction and denazification after 1945.1938 年后学校在纳粹统治下遭受严重政治干预，师生因政治与种族原因被解聘或排斥；1945 年后经历重建与非纳粹化。

• In 1975 the Technische Hochschule was renamed Technische Universität Wien, taking its present name.1975 年，工业大学更名为维也纳工业大学（Technische Universität Wien），沿用至今。

• The Universities Act of 2002 brought full legal independence, and since 2004 the university has been led by a rector, four vice-rectors and a university council, with the senate drawing up its statutes.2002 年《大学法》赋予学校完全法律独立地位；2004 年起实行校长、四名副校长与大学委员会治理，章程由参议院拟定。

• At the end of 2003 the Technical and Natural Sciences Faculty was dissolved, and computer sciences, mathematics and geoinformation, physics and technical chemistry became four separate faculties.2003 年底，理工与自然科学学部解散，资讯、数学与地理信息、物理、技术化学各自独立为学部。

• The Freihaus institute building on Wiedner Hauptstrasse, designed by Alexander Marchart and Roland Moebius, topped out in 1979 and was occupied in stages from 1984, anchoring the Getreidemarkt campus.维也纳主街的 Freihaus 教研楼由亚历山大·马夏尔特与罗兰德·默比乌斯设计，1979 年封顶，1984 年起分期启用，成为谷物市场校区的核心。

• The new main library on Wiedner Hauptstrasse was built from 1984 to 1987 to designs by Justus Dahinden, Reinhard Gieselmann, Alexander Marchart and Roland Moebius, and was opened on 17 December 1987.维也纳主街新主图书馆 1984 至 1987 年间由尤斯图斯·达欣登、莱因哈德·吉塞尔曼、马夏尔特与默比乌斯设计建造，1987 年 12 月 17 日开馆。

• In October 2007 the university hosted the IFIUS World Interuniversity Games, bringing student athletes from many countries to Vienna.2007 年 10 月，学校承办世界校际运动会（IFIUS），各国学生运动员齐聚维也纳。

• Under the TU Univercity 2015 programme eight buildings of the Getreidemarkt campus were refurbished or rebuilt, including the conversion of a 1970s tower into a plus-energy office high-rise that won the Austrian State Prize for Environmental and Energy Technology in 2015.「TU Univercity 2015」计划对谷物市场校区八座建筑进行翻新或重建，其中一座 1970 年代高楼被改造为正能源办公高楼，2015 年获奥地利环境与能源技术国家奖。

• Jens Schneider, professor of structural mechanics and design, was appointed rector on 1 October 2023 and was subsequently reappointed for a second term.结构力学与设计教授延斯·施奈德 2023 年 10 月 1 日出任校长，其后获连任。

• The university is the largest of the three technical universities in the TU Austria alliance with Graz University of Technology and Montanuniversität Leoben, which also counts three Austrian partner universities.学校是 TU Austria 联盟三所理工大学中最大的一所，联盟另含格拉茨工业大学与莱奥本矿业大学，并有三所奥地利伙伴大学加盟。

• From the mid-1970s onward, new laws increased the university's autonomy and internal governance, reshaping its organisation and study system decade by decade.1970 年代中期以来，新法不断强化学校自治与内部治理，十年间重塑其组织与学制。

• The factory-products cabinet assembled by the founding professors had gathered some 20,000 sample pieces by 1823, an early expression of the institute's role as a showcase of industrial progress.创校教授筹建的工展品柜到 1823 年已汇集约 2 万件样本，早期即体现学校作为工业进步展示窗口的角色。

Academics

• TU Wien has eight faculties led by deans, namely architecture and planning, chemistry, civil engineering, computer sciences, electrical engineering and information technology, mathematics and geoinformation, mechanical and industrial engineering, and physics.学校设 8 个学部，由学部主任领衔：建筑与规划、化学、土木工程、资讯、电气工程与资讯技术、数学与地理信息、机械与工业工程、物理。

• Teaching and research concentrate on engineering, computer science and the natural sciences, spanning pure basic research and applied technological partnership with industry.教学科研聚焦工程、计算机科学与自然科学，从纯基础研究延伸到与产业合作的应用技术研发。

• The university offers 62 degree programmes to more than 26,000 students, and its budget reached 271 million euros in 2019.学校开设 62 个学位项目，学生逾 2.6 万人；2019 年预算达 2.71 亿欧元。

• The student body numbers about 28,100, of whom 29 percent are women, while the staff of about 5,000 includes 3,800 academics.学生总数约 28,100 人，女生占 29%；教职工约 5,000 人，其中学术人员 3,800 名。

• In 2020 the faculty numbered 4,228 and the administrative staff 1,271, and more than 4,000 scientists now work in five main research areas.2020 年教师 4,228 人、行政人员 1,271 人；现有 4,000 余名科学家在五大研究领域工作。

• The research focus points are computational science and engineering, quantum physics and quantum technologies, materials and matter, information and communication technology, and energy and environment.五大研究重点为计算科学与工程、量子物理与量子技术、材料与物质、资讯与通讯技术、能源与环境。

• The Atominstitut, the university's atomic institute, operates the TRIGA Mark II research reactor, which reached criticality in 1962 and remains a base for neutron physics, radiochemistry and nuclear technology teaching.学校的原子研究所（Atominstitut）运营 TRIGA Mark II 研究反应堆，该堆 1962 年达到临界，至今仍是中子物理、放射化学与核技术教学的基地。

• Several professors have been elected to the Austrian Academy of Sciences, among them the surface physicist Ulrike Diebold, who serves as one of its vice presidents, and the physics faculty takes part in the Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology and in projects of the European Space Agency.多位教授当选奥地利科学院院士，其中表面物理学家乌尔丽克·迪博尔德任该院副院长；物理学部还参与维也纳量子科学与技术中心（VCQ）与欧洲空间局（ESA）的项目。

• Research also runs through partnerships with the Austrian Institute of Technology, the Medical University of Vienna and the Christian Doppler Research Association, whose Christian Doppler Laboratory units are hosted at the university.研究工作还通过奥地利理工学院（AIT）、维也纳医科大学以及克里斯蒂安·多普勒研究协会的合作展开，该协会的多普勒实验室设于该校。

• The EU Research Support service advises researchers and administrative staff in preparing and carrying out European research projects, and the library has run the institutional repository reposiTUm since 2015.学校设欧盟研究支持办公室（EURS）协助研究人员与行政人员申报和执行欧盟项目；图书馆 2015 年起运行机构知识库 reposiTUm。

• Since the winter semester of 2006 all programmes, except the remaining teacher-training course, have followed the European bachelor and master architecture.自 2006 年冬季学期起，除保留的师资课程外，所有学程均采用欧洲学士与硕士体系。

• Computer science is the flagship discipline, ranked in the 51-100 band of the QS subject tables and 76th by Times Higher Education, with the ShanghaiRanking placing its computer sciences group in the 76-100 band.资讯是旗舰学科，QS 学科排名列 51-100 段，泰晤士高等教育列第 76，软科计算机科学组列 76-100 段。

• Engineering subjects are equally visible, with mechanical, electrical, chemical and civil engineering each placed in the 101-200 bands of the QS tables.工程学科同样突出，机械、电气、化工与土木工程在 QS 学科排名中均列 101-200 段。

• The university is a member of the European University Association, the CESAER network of European technical universities, the TIME alliance of industrial management schools and the ATHENS exchange programme.学校是欧洲大学协会、欧洲高级工程教育与研究学校联盟（CESAER）、欧洲顶尖工业管理者高校联盟（TIME）与 ATHENS 交换计划的成员。

• Continuing education is delivered through the Continuing Education Center, offering MBA and master of science programmes in fields such as engineering management and renewable energy systems.学校通过继续教育中心提供 MBA 与理学硕士课程，覆盖工程管理、可再生能源系统等领域。

• The Faculty of Architecture and Planning occupies historic buildings on the Karlsplatz, and the Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering moved into the refurbished plus-energy tower on the Getreidemarkt campus.建筑与规划学部驻卡尔广场历史建筑，机械与工业工程学部则迁入谷物市场校区翻新后的正能源高楼。

• A senate of 26 members and a seven-member university council supervise governance, alongside four vice-rectors for research, academic affairs, finance, and human resources and gender.26 人组成的参议院与 7 人组成的大学委员会监督治理，四名副校长分掌研究、学术、财务及人力资源与性别事务。

• Doctoral education is offered in all eight faculties, and the right to award doctorates, granted in 1901, underlies the research-intensive character of the programmes.八个学部均授予博士学位，1901 年获得的博士学位授予权构成学程研究密集特性的基础。

• The Kuppelsaal, the domed hall of the main building renovated in 2009, serves as the ceremonial lecture hall for disputations and events of the university.2009 年整修后的主楼圆顶大厅（Kuppelsaal）是论文答辩与典礼的讲堂。

Campus

• The university is embedded in the historic centre of Vienna, its main building on the Karlsplatz directly opposite the baroque Karlskirche, with the Getreidemarkt and Freihaus complexes a short walk away.学校嵌入维也纳历史城区，主楼坐落卡尔广场、正对巴洛克式的卡尔教堂，谷物市场与 Freihaus 建筑群步行可达。

• The Karlsplatz main building, designed by Joseph Schemerl von Leythenbach, was founded in 1816 and occupied in 1818, and its cupola hall was renovated in 2009.卡尔广场主楼由舍默尔·冯·莱滕巴赫设计，1816 年奠基、1818 年启用，其圆顶大厅 2009 年整修。

• The Freihaus complex on Wiedner Hauptstrasse, one of the historic building ensembles of old Vienna, was adapted into institute buildings by Marchart and Moebius, topping out in 1979 and occupied from 1984.维也纳主街的 Freihaus 是旧维也纳历史建筑群之一，1979 年封顶、1984 年起由马夏尔特与默比乌斯改建为教研楼并分期启用。

• The main library on Wiedner Hauptstrasse, opened in 1987 to designs by Dahinden, Gieselmann, Marchart and Moebius, offers six open-access floors with about 700 study desks over a net usable area of 9,506 square metres.维也纳主街主图书馆 1987 年开馆，由达欣登、吉塞尔曼、马夏尔特与默比乌斯设计，六层开放阅览区设约 700 个自习座位，净使用面积 9,506 平方米。

• Its facade is crowned by an eighteen-metre owl sculpture and sixteen smaller owls cast on site by the Swiss artist Bruno Weber, while the entrance hall displays the lion fountain of Gero Schwanberg.其立面立有瑞士艺术家布鲁诺·韦伯现场浇筑的 18 米高猫头鹰巨雕与 16 只小型猫头鹰，门厅则陈列格罗·施万伯格之狮泉。

• The university library, founded with the institute in 1815, holds about 1.5 million media items and some 9,700 journals on 15,200 square metres, with most of the stock in open access.大学图书馆 1815 年与学校同年创立，藏媒体资料约 150 万件、专业期刊约 9,700 种，使用面积 15,200 平方米，多数开架陈列。

• The Getreidemarkt campus was modernised under the TU Univercity 2015 project, whose centrepiece is the eleven-storey plus-energy office tower, the world's first office high-rise producing more energy than it consumes.谷物市场校区在「TU Univercity 2015」计划下完成现代化，核心是十一层正能源办公高楼，为全球首座年产能量超过耗能的办公高楼。

• Refurbished at a cost of about twenty million euros, the tower cut its energy demand by up to 88 percent and serves around 800 employees and up to 1,800 students every day.该楼翻新耗资约 2,000 万欧元，能耗最多削减 88%，每日服务约 800 名员工与最多 1,800 名学生。

• All campuses lie within the inner city around the Karlsplatz interchange of the Vienna metro, so the university has no enclosed grounds but a chain of buildings along Karlsplatz, Getreidemarkt and Wiedner Hauptstrasse.各校区均位于内城、环抱维也纳地铁卡尔广场换乘站分布，学校因此没有封闭校园，而是沿卡尔广场、谷物市场与维也纳主街展开的建筑链。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings TU Wien is placed equal 191st in the world.2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，维也纳工业大学并列全球第 191。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings placed it in the 301-325 band in 2027, and the ShanghaiRanking Academic Ranking of World Universities in the 301-400 band in 2026.泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名 2027 年将学校列入 301-325 段，软科世界大学学术排名 2026 年列入 301-400 段。

• It is Austria's largest research and educational institution in technology and natural sciences, and the anchor of the TU Austria alliance of technical universities.学校是奥地利最大的技术与自然科学教研机构，也是 TU Austria 理工联盟的中坚。

• Its computer science department has been consistently ranked among the top hundred in the world by the QS and Times Higher Education subject tables.其资讯学科在 QS 与泰晤士高等教育学科排名中稳居全球前百。

• According to the OpenAlex index the university has produced 116,941 works that have been cited 5,577,354 times under the identifier I145847075.据 OpenAlex 索引，学校累计成果 116,941 项、被引 5,577,354 次，机构标识为 I145847075。

• Ferenc Krausz, who took his doctorate at the university in 1991 and later held its chair of electrical engineering, shared the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics for attosecond pulse methods.1991 年获学校博士学位、后任电机工程教授的费伦茨·克劳斯因阿秒脉冲方法与他人分享 2023 年诺贝尔物理学奖。

• The engineering tradition is underlined by the Kaplan turbine of Viktor Kaplan, the printed circuit of Paul Eisler, the trellis modulation of Gottfried Ungerboeck and the cochlear implant developed by Ingeborg and Erwin Hochmair, whose work was recognised by the 2015 Russ Prize of the US National Academy of Engineering.学校的工学传统由卡普兰水轮机、印刷电路、网格编码调制与 Hochmair 夫妇的多通道电子耳等成果标注，后者 2015 年获美国国家工程院 Russ Prize。

• The Times Higher Education subject tables place its engineering and technology group in the 151-175 band, and the ShanghaiRanking lists its electrical engineering and materials science among the global 101-200.泰晤士高等教育学科排名将学校工程与技术组列入 151-175 段，软科则将其电气工程与材料科学列入全球 101-200。

• As a university of technology it spans the spectrum from abstract pure research to applied technological partnership with industry, an orientation summarised in its motto, technology for people.作为理工大学，其研究覆盖从抽象基础到产业应用的完整光谱，校训「技术为人」概括了这一取向。

Student life

• The motto Technik für Menschen, technology for people, has guided research, teaching and learning at the university for more than two hundred years.校训「Technik für Menschen」（技术为人）引领学校教学科研已逾两百年。

• Women make up 29 percent of the student body, and in 2017 some 28 percent of students were international, reflecting the draw of a capital-city technical university.学生中女生占 29%；2017 年国际学生约占 28%，显现首都理工大学对海外学子的吸引力。

• The library is the social heart of study life, its six open floors and 700 desks in daily use, and its owl sculpture a meeting point on the corner of Wiedner Hauptstrasse.图书馆是学习生活的中心，六层开架阅览区与 700 个座位每日满负荷运转，维也纳主街转角处的猫头鹰雕像是学生约见的地标。

• The Kuppelsaal, the domed hall of the main building renovated in 2009, hosts lectures, ceremonial disputations and concerts.主楼圆顶大厅 2009 年整修后承办讲座、答辩典礼与音乐会。

• TU Wien hosted the IFIUS World Interuniversity Games in October 2007, the largest multi-sport event in the university's calendar.2007 年 10 月学校承办世界校际运动会，是校历上规模最大的综合性体育赛事。

• The eleventh floor of the plus-energy tower, the TUtheSKY function room, gives students and staff a panoramic venue above the roofs of Vienna.正能源高楼十一层的 TUtheSKY 多功能厅为师生提供俯瞰维也纳屋顶的全景活动空间。

• Since the winter semester of 2006 studies have followed the bachelor and master architecture, so students choose one of 62 degree programmes at entry and deepen their specialisation through project work.自 2006 年冬季学期起采用学士与硕士学制，学生入学时从 62 个学位项目中择一，透过项目式学习深化专业。

• Daily life on the Getreidemarkt campus clusters around the main auditorium, the library and the student areas of the plus-energy tower.谷物市场校区的日常以主讲堂、图书馆与正能源高楼的学生空间为中心展开。

Notable people

• The founder was Emperor Francis I, who ordered the planning of the institute in 1805, and its first director was Johann Joseph Prechtl, appointed in 1814 and the author of its 1817 constitution.创办者为 1805 年谕令筹建学校的弗朗茨一世皇帝，首任主管为 1814 年上任的普雷希特尔，1817 年章程亦出自其手。

• Christian Doppler, professor at the institute from 1850, gave his name to the Doppler effect announced in 1842.1850 年起在校任教的克里斯蒂安·多普勒以 1842 年提出的多普勒效应闻名。

• Viktor Kaplan, who graduated from the institute around 1900, invented the Kaplan turbine in 1913, a machine still standard in low-head hydropower.约 1900 年毕业的维克托·卡普兰 1913 年发明卡普兰水轮机，至今仍是低水头水电的主力机型。

• Paul Eisler, the Austrian engineer credited with inventing the printed circuit in 1936, is counted among the university's alumni.保罗·艾斯勒（1907–1992）被列为学校校友，1936 年发明的印刷电路奠定了现代电子装联的基础。

• Heinz Zemanek, a pioneer of Austrian computing, is an alumnus of the university and led the construction of the Mailüfterl computer completed in 1958.奥地利计算机先驱海因茨·采马内克（1920–2014）为该校校友，1958 年领导建成 Mailüfterl 计算机。

• Gottfried Ungerboeck, inventor of trellis modulation and an IBM Fellow, is an electrical engineering alumnus of the university.网格编码调制发明人、IBM 院士戈特弗里德·恩格鲍克是学校电机工程校友。

• Peter Skalicky was rector of the university for twenty years, from 1991 to 2011, the longest leadership of its modern era.彼得·斯卡利茨基 1991 至 2011 年连任校长二十年，是现代任期最长的校长。

• Ferenc Krausz took his doctorate at the university in 1991, became professor of electrical engineering there in 1999 and shared the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics.费伦茨·克劳斯 1991 年获学校博士学位，1999 年起任电机工程教授，并分享 2023 年诺贝尔物理学奖。

• Ingeborg Hochmair, the first woman in Austria to take a doctorate in electrical engineering, developed the first microelectronic multi-channel cochlear implant in 1977 and shared the 2015 Russ Prize with her husband Erwin.奥地利首位电机工程女博士英格堡·霍赫马尔 1977 年研制出首个微电子多通道人工电子耳，2015 年与丈夫埃尔温同获美国国家工程院 Russ Prize。

• Elfriede Tungl, the first Austrian woman to earn a doctorate in civil engineering, became the university's first female associate professor in 1973.奥地利首位土木工程女博士埃尔芙丽德·通格尔 1973 年成为学校首位女性副教授。

• Business alumni include Ferdinand Piëch, long-time chairman of the supervisory board of the Volkswagen Group, while the philosopher Rudolf Steiner and the architect Alfred Preis, designer of the USS Arizona Memorial, also figure in the university's rolls.企业界校友含长期担任大众汽车集团监事会主席的费迪南德·皮耶希；曾在此旁听的哲学家鲁道夫·施泰纳与珍珠港亚利桑那号纪念馆设计者阿尔弗雷德·普赖斯亦在校友名录之列。