Tsinghua University

Tsinghua University is a public comprehensive research university in the Haidian district of Beijing, China, named after the Tsinghua Garden on which it was built.清华大学是一所位于中国北京市海淀区的公立综合性研究型大学，因建于清华园而得名。

Established in 1911 with funds from the portion of the Boxer indemnity returned by the United States, it is directly under the Ministry of Education and ranks 14th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings.学校于 1911 年以美国退还的部分庚子赔款创办，直属中华人民共和国教育部，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列全球第 14。

As of 2025 it had 62,496 students, of whom 16,526 were undergraduates and 46,606 postgraduate and doctoral students, and it employs 17,382 staff, with a campus of 482.84 hectares.截至 2025 年，学校有学生 62496 人，其中本科生 16526 人、研究生与博士生 46606 人，教职工 17382 人，校园面积 482.84 公顷。

History

• The university descends from the Boxer Indemnity: the Chinese minister to Washington, Liang Cheng, argued that the United States had claimed too much, and on 28 December 1908 President Theodore Roosevelt agreed to remit more than ten million dollars.学校源于庚子赔款。中国驻美公使梁诚力争美国索款过巨，1908 年 12 月 28 日，美国总统老罗斯福决定退还一千余万美元。

• In 1909 the foreign ministry and the education ministry set up an office for students going to America with a preparatory school attached, and in three years it sent nearly 200 students to the United States.1909 年，外务部与学部设立游美学务处并附设肄业馆，三年间共组织近 200 人赴美留学。

• The preparatory school was built on the old Tsinghua Garden site west of the city, occupying about 450 mu, and in February 1911 it was renamed Tsinghua College, with its name inscribed by the grand councillor Na Tong.肄业馆择址城外清华园旧址，占地约 450 亩；1911 年 2 月改称清华学堂，校名由军机大臣那桐题写。

• Classes began on 30 March 1911 with the secondary section, the higher section followed on 1 April, and most teachers were recruited from the United States.学堂于 1911 年 3 月 30 日举行中等科暂行开学仪式，4 月 1 日高等科开学，教师多聘自美国。

• The Wuchang rising in October 1911 cut off the indemnity funds and the school closed on 9 November, reopening on 1 May 1912 under the new republic.1911 年 10 月武昌起义爆发、退款被挪用，学堂于 11 月 9 日停课，1912 年 5 月 1 日复课。

• In 1912 the school was renamed Tsinghua School, with an eight-year course of four secondary and four higher years, and Tang Guoan became its first head.1912 年学堂改名为清华学校，分中等科四年与高等科四年共八年学制，唐国安出任第一任校长。

• In 1914 the American architects Henry Murphy and Richard Dana planned the campus, and between 1916 and 1920 the library, gymnasium, science building and auditorium were built.1914 年美国建筑师墨菲与丹纳为学校规划校园；1916 至 1920 年间建成图书馆、体育馆、科学馆与大礼堂。

• Physical training was compulsory, with gymnastics classes and compulsory afternoon exercise, and the school took part in the first Far Eastern Games in Manila.学校强调体育锻炼，设体操课并规定午后强制运动，还参加了在马尼拉举行的首届远东运动会。

• On 5 November 1914 Liang Qichao lectured on the gentleman in the Book of Changes, quoting the lines on self-discipline and social commitment that became the university motto.1914 年 11 月 5 日，梁启超以《君子》为题演讲，引《易经》中「自强不息」「厚德载物」两语，此八字后成为校训。

• Cao Yunxiang became head in 1924 and turned a preparatory school for study in America into a comprehensive university, with teaching directed towards training people at home.曹云祥于 1924 年出任校长，把一所留美预备学校改办为综合性大学，办学目的转向培养本国人才。

• In 1925 the university opened its undergraduate division with a four-year course and established the Institute of Chinese Studies, whose tutors included Liang Qichao, Wang Guowei, Chen Yinke and Zhao Yuanren.1925 年学校成立大学部、开办四年制本科，并设立国学研究院，导师包括梁启超、王国维、陈寅恪与赵元任。

• In 1928, after the Nationalists took Beijing, the university was renamed National Tsinghua University and Luo Jialun became president, recruiting dozens of leading professors.1928 年国民政府接管北京后，学校改称国立清华大学，罗家伦出任校长，延聘数十位著名教授。

• Mei Yiqi was appointed president on 14 October 1931 and served for seventeen years, the longest of any head, and his idea that a university is great for its scholars rather than its buildings shaped the institution.梅贻琦于 1931 年 10 月 14 日出任校长，在任十七年，为清华任期最长的校长；他「所谓大学者，非谓有大楼之谓也，有大师之谓也」的理念深刻影响了学校。

• Under Mei the campus gathered scholars such as Feng Youlan, Zhu Ziqing, Wen Yiduo, Ye Qisun, Wu Youxun, Zhou Peiyuan and Chen Shengshen, and faculty committees ran much of the university.在梅贻琦主持下，校园汇聚了冯友兰、朱自清、闻一多、叶企孙、吴有训、周培源与陈省身等学者，学校的许多事务由教授组成的各种委员会管理。

• Research of this period included Xiong Qinglai's work on infinite numbers, Wu Youxun's on X-rays, Zhao Zhongyao's on gamma-ray scattering and Wang Shizhuo's construction of China's first aviation wind tunnel.这一时期的研究成果包括熊庆来的熊氏无穷数、吴有训对 X 射线的研究、赵忠尧对 γ 射线散射的研究，以及王士倬建造的中国第一座航空风洞。

• After the Japanese invasion in 1937 the university moved with Peking and Nankai universities to Changsha and then Kunming, forming the National Southwestern Associated University, with Mei as chairman of its standing committee.1937 年日军入侵后，学校与北京大学、南开大学先迁长沙、再迁昆明，组成国立西南联合大学，梅贻琦任常务委员会主席。

• During those nine years the associated university taught under very hard conditions and produced graduates who included Nobel laureates, academicians and leaders of Chinese science.在九年办学期间，联大在极为艰苦的条件下授课，其毕业生中包括诺贝尔奖得主、院士与中国科学界的领军人物。

• The Tsinghua campus suffered severe damage during the occupation, with more than forty per cent of its buildings and all of its equipment destroyed.清华园在沦陷期间遭到严重破坏，建筑物四成以上损毁，各类设备全部损坏。

• The university returned to Beiping in 1946 with five faculties of arts, law, science, engineering and agriculture, and about 932 of the associated university's students entered Tsinghua.1946 年学校回迁北平，设文、法、理、工、农五个学院，西南联大学生中有约 932 人进入清华。

• In the reorganisation of 1952 Tsinghua lost its arts, science, law and agriculture faculties and absorbed engineering departments from other universities, becoming an institute of technology with eight engineering departments.1952 年院系调整中，清华的文、理、法、农等院系外迁，同时并入外校工科，成为设有八个工程系的工业大学。

• From 1953 the university adopted the Soviet model of teaching, lengthened its courses and, after 1955, added specialties in experimental nuclear physics and radioactive materials for the nuclear programme.自 1953 年起学校按苏联模式进行教学改革、延长学制，1955 年后又增设实验核物理与放射性稀有元素工艺学等专业，为核计划储备人才。

• Jiang Nanxiang, president from 1952, urged students in 1957 to work healthily for the motherland for fifty years, a slogan still quoted at the university.1952 年起任校长的蒋南翔于 1957 年提出「为祖国健康工作五十年」的口号，至今仍为清华人传诵。

• The Central Academy of Arts and Design was merged into Tsinghua in 1999 to form its academy of arts and design, and a graduate school was opened in Shenzhen in 2001.1999 年中央工艺美术学院并入清华，成立美术学院；2001 年学校在深圳设立研究生院。

• In 2006 Tsinghua began a joint clinical medicine programme with Peking Union Medical College, and in 2012 the graduate school of the People's Bank of China was merged into it as the PBC School of Finance.2006 年学校与北京协和医学院合作培养临床医学专业学生；2012 年中国人民银行研究生部并入，成立五道口金融学院。

• In 2013 a gift from the Blackstone Group funded the Schwarzman Scholars programme and college, comparable in scale to the Rhodes and Gates scholarships.2013 年黑石集团的捐助促成苏世民书院与苏世民学者项目，其规模与罗德奖学金、盖茨奖学金相当。

Academics

• Tsinghua has 33 schools, 54 departments and 16 residential colleges, together with 433 research institutions and a science park.学校设有 33 个学院、54 个系与 16 个书院，另有 433 个科研机构与一个科技园区。

• Its traditional strengths are in civil, hydraulic, computer and nuclear engineering, and it is known as the cradle of Chinese engineers.学校的传统强项在土木、水利、计算机与核能工程，素有「工程师的摇篮」之称。

• Since 1978 it has restored and rebuilt its programmes in the sciences, the humanities, the social sciences and economics and management.1978 年后，学校逐步恢复并重建理科、人文社科以及经济管理类学科。

• As of 2025 it employs 3,882 teachers, among them 54 members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and 35 of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.截至 2025 年，学校有教师 3882 人，其中中国科学院院士 54 名、中国工程院院士 35 名。

• Its academic community includes one Nobel laureate, one Turing Award winner and two Fields medallists, the most recent added through senior appointments.其学术共同体中包括 1 位诺贝尔奖得主、1 位图灵奖得主与 2 位菲尔兹奖得主，其中多位是通过引进资深学者加入的。

• It enrols 16,526 undergraduates, 21,752 master's students and 24,854 doctoral students, giving it a much larger research student body than undergraduate one.学校有本科生 16526 人、硕士生 21752 人、博士生 24854 人，研究生规模远大于本科生。

• The university's library holds about 5.8 million volumes, and it also runs an art museum and a science museum.学校图书馆藏书约 580 万册，另设有美术馆与博物馆。

• Its budget was 31.07 billion yuan in 2020 and its endowment about 7.3 billion yuan, among the largest of any Chinese university.学校 2020 年预算为 310.7 亿元人民币，捐赠基金约 73 亿元，在中国高校中名列前茅。

• Admission is by the national college entrance examination, and only the highest-scoring school leavers in each province are admitted, so that Tsinghua and Peking are jointly known as Qingbei.学校通过全国统一高考招生，各省市成绩最优异的高中毕业生方有机会录取，因此清华与北大被合称为「清北」。

• A large share of its graduates go abroad for doctoral study, and in 2006 Tsinghua was the leading source of undergraduates who went on to earn American doctorates.其本科毕业生中有相当比例赴美攻读博士，2006 年清华是美国院校博士学位获得者中人数最多的本科生生源院校。

• It runs joint programmes with Peking Union Medical College in medicine and with other institutions in engineering and management.学校与北京协和医学院在医学方面、与其他院校在工程与管理方面开设合作项目。

• The university is a member of the C9 League, the Association of East Asian Research Universities and the Association of Pacific Rim Universities, and belongs to the Double First-Class Class A group.学校是中国九校联盟、东亚研究型大学协会与环太平洋大学联盟的成员，并属于「双一流」A 类建设高校。

• Its Shenzhen International Graduate School, opened from 2001, extends its teaching and research into southern China.自 2001 年设立的深圳国际研究生院，把学校的教学与研究延伸到中国南方。

• Research at Tsinghua spans engineering, the physical sciences, information technology, the life sciences, architecture, economics and management.学校的研究涵盖工程、物理科学、信息技术、生命科学、建筑以及经济与管理。

• Teaching is conducted mainly in Chinese at undergraduate level, with a growing number of programmes taught in English at graduate level.本科教学主要以中文进行，研究生阶段用英语授课的项目逐渐增多。

• The university's engineering departments work closely with Chinese industry on high-speed rail, nuclear power, energy and information technology.学校各工程院系与中国产业界在高速铁路、核电、能源与信息技术方面合作紧密。

Campus

• The main campus occupies 482.84 hectares at Tsinghua Garden in the Haidian district, on the north-western edge of Beijing.主校区位于北京市海淀区清华园，占地 482.84 公顷，地处北京西北部。

• Its best-known landmark is the Second Gate, the early twentieth-century entrance that appears on the university seal.学校最著名的地标是二校门，这座二十世纪初的校门图案出现在校徽之上。

• The campus contains lakes, wooded grounds and the former imperial garden from which the university takes its name, and the phrase pure water and flourishing trees is displayed on a building in its centre.校园内有湖泊、林地与作为校名来源的旧日皇家园林，其中一处建筑正廊上悬有「水木清华」匾额。

• Early twentieth-century buildings include the library, the gymnasium, the science hall and the great auditorium, several of them designed with American advice.二十世纪早期的建筑包括图书馆、体育馆、科学馆与大礼堂，其中多座在美方顾问参与下设计。

• Later additions include the central main building and a complex of science and engineering buildings erected in the 1950s and 1960s.其后又建成中央主楼，以及二十世纪五六十年代兴建的一批理工科楼群。

• The university built a nuclear research base at Changping, now its institute of nuclear and new energy technology.学校在昌平建设了原子能研究基地，即如今的核能与新能源技术研究院。

• A separate graduate campus in Nanshan district, Shenzhen, forms part of the Shenzhen University Town.位于深圳南山区的独立研究生校区，是深圳大学城的组成部分。

• The university's colours are purple and white, and its mascot is a small tiger named Qing Xiaohua.学校代表色为紫色与白色，吉祥物是一只名为「清小华」的小老虎。

• The campus is served by the Beijing subway, with stations at Wudaokou and on the university's own line, and it lies close to the city's technology districts.校园由北京地铁服务，五道口等车站近在咫尺，学校亦邻近城市的高科技区域。

• The original Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway once crossed the campus, and its line was moved about 800 metres east when the university expanded.原先的京张铁路曾横穿校园，学校扩建时线路向东移约 800 米。

Reputation

• Tsinghua ranks 14th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, 11th in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, 18th in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities and sixth in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities.清华大学在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列全球第 14，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名第 11，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名第 18，2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名第 6。^[1]

• It is one of the two strongest universities in China and is ranked first among Chinese universities in several global tables.学校是中国实力最强的两所高校之一，在多个全球榜单中位居中国内地高校首位。

• Its engineering, computer science and materials science programmes rank at the top of the world's subject tables, and its architecture and management schools are also strong.其工程、计算机科学与材料科学在全球学科榜单中位居前列，建筑与管理学科实力亦强。

• The university's alumni include leaders of the Chinese government, academicians, and founders of major Chinese technology firms.其校友中包括中国政府领导人、两院院士，以及中国大型科技企业的创办者。

• One Nobel laureate, one Turing Award winner and two Fields medallists are associated with the university, several of them through distinguished appointments.与学校相关的有 1 位诺贝尔奖得主、1 位图灵奖得主与 2 位菲尔兹奖得主，其中数位以资深教授身份受聘。

• It is a member of the C9 League and the Double First-Class Class A group, and was a key institution under the 211 and 985 projects.学校是中国九校联盟与「双一流」A 类建设高校成员，并曾是「211 工程」与「985 工程」重点建设院校。

• The university has been the source of national research programmes in nuclear energy, high-speed rail and information technology.学校承接了核能、高速铁路与信息技术领域的多项国家级研究计划。

• Its graduates are prominent in Chinese engineering, government and business, and its alumni networks are active internationally.其毕业生在中国工程界、政府与商界颇具影响，校友组织在国际上也十分活跃。

• In national discipline evaluations, many of its subjects have been graded in the top category, particularly in engineering and the sciences.在全国学科评估中，学校大量学科获评最高等级，尤以工程与理科为突出。

Student life

• The university motto is taken from the Book of Changes: as heaven maintains vigour through motion, the gentleman strives without ceasing, and as earth's condition is receptive devotion, he holds the outer world in broad tolerance.学校校训取自《易经》：「天行健，君子以自强不息；地势坤，君子以厚德载物。」

• The anniversary is celebrated on the last Sunday of April each year, following the practice adopted after the republic was founded.学校以每年四月的最后一个星期日为校庆日，这一做法沿用自民国时期。

• The university's students live in residential colleges, and there are sixteen such colleges alongside the faculties.学生住在实行书院制的住宿单位中，学校在院系之外设有十六个书院。

• Physical education is compulsory, a tradition dating from the early school, and the slogan of working healthily for the motherland for fifty years remains well known.体育课为必修，这一传统可追溯至建校早期，「为祖国健康工作五十年」的口号至今广为人知。

• The university has a very large number of student societies covering sport, the arts, technology, entrepreneurship and public service.学校有数量非常庞大的学生社团，涵盖体育、艺术、科技、创业与公益服务。

• Student publications include the Tsinghua Weekly, founded in 1914, and the newer Tsinghua News and Qingxin Times.学生刊物包括 1914 年创办的《清华周刊》，以及较晚的《新清华》与《清新时报》。

• The campus has its own sports grounds, swimming pools and a stadium, and inter-college competitions are a feature of student life.校园设有运动场、游泳池与体育场，书院之间的比赛是学生生活的一大特色。

• The university encourages innovation and entrepreneurship, and its science park and incubators support student companies.学校鼓励创新创业，其科技园与孵化器为学生创办的公司提供支持。

• Music, drama and art societies perform throughout the year, and the university's art museum stages regular exhibitions.音乐、戏剧与艺术社团全年都有演出，学校美术馆也定期举办展览。

Notable people

• Liang Cheng, the Chinese minister in Washington, secured the remission of part of the Boxer indemnity that funded the university, and Tang Guoan was its first head.中国驻美公使梁诚争取到部分庚子赔款的退还，为学校提供了经费；唐国安则是学校的第一任校长。

• Mei Yiqi, president from 1931 to 1948, is remembered as the university's president for ever and insisted that a university is great for its scholars rather than for its buildings.1931 至 1948 年任校长的梅贻琦被称为「清华永远的校长」，他坚持「大学者，非谓有大楼之谓也，有大师之谓也」。

• The Institute of Chinese Studies brought together Liang Qichao, Wang Guowei, Chen Yinke and Zhao Yuanren as its tutors, a group known as the four great tutors.国学研究院聘梁启超、王国维、陈寅恪与赵元任为导师，四人被称为「四大导师」。

• Zhu Ziqing and Wen Yiduo taught in the department of Chinese, and Wen Yiduo was assassinated in Kunming in 1946.朱自清与闻一多在中国文学系任教，闻一多于 1946 年在昆明遇刺身亡。

• The physicists Ye Qisun, Wu Youxun and Zhou Peiyuan built the university's science departments, and Chen Shengshen began his career there.物理学家叶企孙、吴有训与周培源建立了学校的理科各系，陈省身也在此开始其学术生涯。

• Jiang Nanxiang, president from 1952, reshaped the university as an engineering institution and set its emphasis on both political and professional training.1952 年起任校长的蒋南翔把学校改造为工程技术院校，并确立了「又红又专」的培养方向。

• Yang Zhenning, who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957, studied at the associated university in Kunming and later returned to Tsinghua as a professor.1957 年分享诺贝尔物理学奖的杨振宁曾在昆明西南联大就读，后来回到清华任教授。

• Yao Qizhi, who won the Turing Award in 2000, joined the university as a professor and built its theoretical computer science programme.2000 年获得图灵奖的姚期智受聘为教授，并在学校组建了理论计算机科学团队。

• Among the university's graduates are Chinese heads of state and government, senior ministers and the founders of technology companies.学校毕业生中包括中国国家领导人、政府高级官员以及科技企业的创办者。

• Its engineering alumni have led projects in nuclear power, space and high-speed rail, and many have become academicians of the two national academies.其工程类校友主持了核电、航天与高速铁路等领域的项目，许多人当选两院院士。