Tomsk State University

National Research Tomsk State University (TSU), in Russian Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет, is a public research university in the city of Tomsk, in the Asian part of Russia, and the oldest university east of the Volga River.国立研究型托木斯克国立大学（TSU，俄语 Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет）是位于俄罗斯亚洲部分托木斯克市的一所公立研究型大学，也是伏尔加河以东历史最悠久的大学。

It opened in 1888 as the first higher education institution between the Ural Mountains and the Pacific Ocean, having been established by decree of Emperor Alexander II on 16 May 1878 under the name of the Siberian Imperial University.该校于 1888 年开办，是乌拉尔山脉与太平洋之间最早的高等学府；它依据沙皇亚历山大二世 1878 年 5 月 16 日的敕令设立，初名西伯利亚帝国大学。

TSU today comprises 22 faculties and educational institutes with 152 departments, serves about 16,000 students including roughly 2,000 from abroad, and in the QS World University Rankings 2027 it is placed 510th in the world.今日的托木斯克国立大学设有 22 个院系与教研机构、152 个教研室，在校学生约 16,000 人（其中约 2,000 人来自国外）；在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列世界第 510 位。

History

• The idea of founding a university in Siberia was first raised in 1803, but it took 75 years to realise, and the city of Tomsk eventually prevailed over several rival Siberian towns competing to host the institution.在西伯利亚设立大学的设想最早于 1803 年提出，却历经 75 年才实现，托木斯克城最终在众多竞争办学的西伯利亚城市中胜出。
• On 16 May 1878 Emperor Alexander II signed a decree establishing the first higher education institution between the Urals and the Pacific Ocean, a project supported by industrialists, merchants and Siberian city councils but opposed by conservatives such as Konstantin Pobedonostsev.1878 年 5 月 16 日，沙皇亚历山大二世签署敕令，设立乌拉尔与太平洋之间的第一所高等学府；该计划得到实业家、商人及西伯利亚各城市议会的支持，却遭到 Konstantin Pobedonostsev 等保守派的反对。
• On 1 September 1888 the first faculty, that of medicine, of the Siberian Imperial University named after Emperor Alexander III finally opened, with 72 students taught by eight professors and seven assistants and laboratory technicians.1888 年 9 月 1 日，以亚历山大三世命名的西伯利亚帝国大学首个学院即医学院终于开办，首批 72 名学生由 8 名教授与 7 名助教及实验技术人员授课。
• Nikolai Gezekhus was appointed the university's first rector in 1888, and a full decade would pass before its second faculty, that of law, became operational in 1898.Nikolai Gezekhus 于 1888 年出任该校首任校长，整整十年之后第二个学院即法学院才于 1898 年开始运作。
• The research library opened in the same year as the university, in 1888, and was founded by Vasily Florinskiy, a physician, writer and one of the organisers of the university.科研图书馆与该校同年即 1888 年开办，由医师、作家兼大学的筹办者之一 Vasily Florinskiy 创立。
• A botanical garden, the first in Siberia, was laid out in 1880, and by the early twentieth century Tomsk possessed a library building, an assembly hall, a museum, the garden and a herbarium.西伯利亚第一座植物园于 1880 年建成；至二十世纪初，托木斯克已拥有图书馆大楼、礼堂、博物馆、植物园与植物标本室。
• In 1917 the university added two more faculties, in physics and mathematics and in history and philology, expanding well beyond the original medical and law faculties.1917 年，该校增设数学物理学院与历史语言文学院，在原有的医学与法律两学院之外进一步扩展。
• In 1928 Tomsk State University established the Siberian Physics and Technical Institute, the first dedicated centre of physics research in Siberia.1928 年，托木斯克国立大学成立西伯利亚物理技术研究所，这是西伯利亚首个专门的物理学研究中心。
• The university was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1967 in recognition of its achievements in research and teaching.因科研与教学的成就，该校于 1967 年被授予劳动红旗勋章。
• In 1968 the university opened the Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics together with the Institute of Biology and Biophysics, strengthening its scientific base.1968 年，该校开办应用数学与力学研究所及生物学与生物物理研究所，巩固了其科学基础。
• In 1980 Tomsk State University received the Order of the October Revolution, further marking its standing among the leading universities of the Soviet Union.1980 年，托木斯克国立大学获颁十月革命勋章，进一步确立其在苏联重点高校中的地位。
• On 16 February 2007 the university announced the completion of the SKIF Cyberia supercomputer, which in the June 2007 TOP500 list ranked as the most powerful machine in the former Soviet Union and 105th in the world.2007 年 2 月 16 日，该校宣布完成 SKIF Cyberia 超级计算机；在 2007 年 6 月的 TOP500 榜单中，该机被评为前苏联地区最强、世界第 105 位。
• In 2010 the Russian government granted Tomsk State University the status of a National Research University, recognising its research intensity.2010 年，俄罗斯政府授予托木斯克国立大学「国家研究型大学」地位，以肯定其科研强度。
• In 2013 the Council on Competitiveness Enhancement of Leading Russian Universities selected TSU for the Project 5-100 programme, aimed at placing at least five Russian universities among the world's top 100.2013 年，俄罗斯重点高校竞争力提升委员会将托大选入「5-100 计划」，该计划旨在使至少五所俄罗斯大学跻身世界前 100。
• In March 2022 the Rector Eduard Galazhinsky was suspended by the European University Association after the Russian Union of Rectors voiced support for the invasion of Ukraine.2022 年 3 月，在俄罗斯大学校长联盟表态支持入侵乌克兰之后，校长 Eduard Galazhinsky 被欧洲大学协会暂停会籍。
• Professor Terry Callaghan, who had helped establish 21 Russian environmental research stations in the Arctic, paused his professorship at Tomsk State University after the rectors' statement.曾协助在北极建立 21 个俄罗斯环境研究站的 Terry Callaghan 教授，在校长联盟发表声明之后暂停了其在托大的教职。
• The university's collaboration within the University of the Arctic, a circumpolar network of more than 200 institutions, was likewise paused after the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022.该校在「北极大学」——一个由 200 余所机构组成的环北极网络——中的合作，也于 2022 年俄乌战争开始后暂停。
• TSU celebrated the centenary of its opening in 1988, marking a century since the first medical faculty welcomed students in the imperial era.该校于 1988 年庆祝建校一百周年，纪念帝国时代首个医学院迎来学生以来的一个世纪。
• Today the university remains one of the leading classical universities of Siberia, combining a long imperial heritage with modern research institutes and a national research mandate.今日的托大仍是西伯利亚最重要的古典大学之一，将悠久的帝国传统与现代研究机构及国家研究使命融为一体。
• The institution was first named the Siberian Imperial University in 1878, was later known as the Imperial Tomsk University, and took the name Tomsk State University in 1917.该校 1878 年初名西伯利亚帝国大学，后称托木斯克帝国大学，并于 1917 年改称托木斯克国立大学。

Academics

• Tomsk State University is organised into 22 faculties and educational institutes with 152 departments, covering the natural sciences, the humanities, the social sciences and professional fields.托木斯克国立大学设 22 个院系与教研机构、152 个教研室，涵盖自然科学、人文学科、社会科学与专业学科。
• Its academic profile rests on strong schools in physics, mathematics, chemistry, mechanics, control science, geology and biology, fields in which it has trained generations of Siberian scientists.其学术特色建立在物理、数学、化学、力学、控制科学、地质学与生物学等优势学科之上，这些领域为西伯利亚培养了数代科学家。
• The university employs about 500 holders of the doctor of science degree and about 1,000 candidates of science, among them 13 full members and 16 corresponding members of Russian academies.该校拥有约 500 位科学博士与约 1,000 位副博士，其中有 13 位俄罗斯各科学院正式院士与 16 位通讯院士。
• About 16,000 students are enrolled, of whom about 2,000 come from abroad, giving the university a distinctly international student body.在校学生约 16,000 人，其中约 2,000 人来自国外，使该校拥有颇具国际色彩的学生群体。
• The university offers 54 areas of master's programmes, some of which are taught in English, alongside doctoral courses for candidates of science.该校开设 54 个硕士专业方向，其中部分以英语授课，另设培养副博士的博士课程。
• It maintains 38 centres of pre-university training and vocational guidance across Siberia and Kazakhstan, feeding students into its degree programmes.该校在西伯利亚与哈萨克斯坦设有 38 个大学前培训与职业指导中心，为本校学位课程输送学生。
• The Research Library of Tomsk State University, opened in 1888, holds about four million volumes and is ranked first among the university libraries of Siberia.托木斯克国立大学科研图书馆开办于 1888 年，藏书约四百万册，在西伯利亚各大学图书馆中排名第一。
• The university operates nine museums, including the Vasily Florinskiy Siberian Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography, the Porfiry Krylov Herbarium and the Museum of the History of Physics.该校设有九座博物馆，包括瓦西里·弗洛林斯基西伯利亚考古学与民族学博物馆、波尔菲里·克雷洛夫植物标本馆与物理学史博物馆。
• Its botanical garden covers 128 hectares, cultivates more than 6,000 plant species and includes a greenhouse of some 6,500 square metres.其植物园占地 128 公顷，栽培植物 6,000 余种，并有一座约 6,500 平方米的温室。
• The SKIF Cyberia supercomputer, completed in 2007 and once ranked 105th in the world, supports computational research across the university's science faculties.2007 年建成、曾位列世界第 105 位的 SKIF Cyberia 超级计算机，为该校各理科学院的计算研究提供支持。
• Tomsk State University participates in Project 5-100, a national programme intended to raise the competitiveness of Russian higher education globally.托木斯克国立大学参与「5-100 计划」，这是旨在提升俄罗斯高等教育全球竞争力的国家项目。
• It is a member of the University of the Arctic, a cooperative network of more than 200 universities, colleges and organisations in the circumpolar region.该校是「北极大学」的成员，这是环北极地区 200 余所大学、学院与机构组成的合作网络。
• Its Arctic research has involved the establishment of 21 Russian environmental research stations in the far north of the country.该校的北极研究曾参与在极北地区建立 21 个俄罗斯环境研究站。
• The university awards bachelor's, specialist, master's and doctoral degrees and conducts research across the humanities, natural sciences and social sciences.该校授予学士、专家、硕士与博士学位，研究横跨人文学科、自然科学与社会科学。
• Admission is competitive, and study programmes follow the Russian higher education structure of four-year bachelor's degrees and two-year master's degrees.入学竞争激烈，其培养程序遵循俄罗斯高等教育的四年制学士与两年制硕士体系。
• Graduates of the university have included more than one hundred members of the Russian Academy of Sciences and numerous winners of Russian state prizes.该校毕业生中已有一百余位俄罗斯科学院院士，并有多位俄罗斯国家奖得主。
• The university's academic year follows a two-semester calendar and instruction is conducted mainly in Russian, with selected master's programmes taught in English for international students.该校学年采用两学期制，教学主要以俄语进行，部分硕士课程以英语授课，面向国际学生。

Campus

• Tomsk State University stands in the centre of Tomsk, a historic Siberian city on the Tom River, and its campus is integrated into the city without a perimeter wall.托木斯克国立大学位于托木河畔历史名城托木斯克的市中心，其校园与城市融为一体，没有围墙。
• The main building of the university was completed in 1880, before the university formally opened, and remains its most emblematic structure.该校主楼于 1880 年落成，早于大学正式开办，至今仍是其最具标志性的建筑。
• Its second floor includes a professors' corridor hung with portraits of distinguished past professors, and its assembly hall, once a church, hosts graduations and ceremonies.主楼二层设有教授走廊，悬挂着已故知名教授的画像；其礼堂原为教堂，现用于毕业典礼与各类仪式。
• The university grove serves as a place of recreation, lectures and botanical study, while the botanical garden, founded in 1880, is the oldest in Siberia.大学树林既是休闲场所，也用于讲座与植物学研究；创办于 1880 年的植物园是西伯利亚最早的一座。
• The university's cultural centre stages concerts, dance and theatre, and its concert hall seats 800 people, making it one of the largest in Tomsk.该校文化中心承办音乐会、舞蹈与戏剧演出，其音乐厅设有 800 个座位，是托木斯克最大的音乐厅之一。
• Around the main complex stand nine museums, a library of about four million volumes and sports facilities including gyms, playing fields and a swimming pool.主楼建筑群周边分布着九座博物馆、一座藏书约四百万册的图书馆，以及体育馆、露天运动场与游泳池等体育设施。
• The university lies at about 56.47 degrees north and 84.98 degrees east, in Tomsk Oblast in western Siberia.该校位于北纬约 56.47 度、东经约 84.98 度，地处西伯利亚西部的托木斯克州。
• Tomsk is a well-known student city, and the university coexists with institutions such as Tomsk Polytechnic University and Siberian State Medical University.托木斯克是著名的大学城，该校与托木斯克理工大学、西伯利亚国立医科大学等院校并存。
• Tomsk's historic centre, in which the university stands, is famed for its nineteenth-century wooden architecture, and the campus forms part of that urban heritage.托木斯克历史中心以十九世纪木构建筑闻名，该校校园正坐落于此，成为这份城市遗产的一部分。

Reputation

• Tomsk State University is placed 510th in the world in the QS World University Rankings 2027.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，托木斯克国立大学位列世界第 510 位。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places it in the 701-800 band worldwide.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将该校列于世界第 701 至 800 区间。
• In the U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities ranking for 2026-2027 it is placed 981st in the world.在 2026 至 2027 年《美国新闻与世界报道》最佳全球大学排名中，该校位列世界第 981 位。
• The Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 places it in the 701-800 band.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名将该校列于第 701 至 800 区间。
• In 2022 the university was ranked 272nd by the QS World University Rankings, 601st by Times Higher Education and 901st by the Academic Ranking of World Universities.2022 年，该校在 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 272、泰晤士高等教育排名第 601、软科世界大学学术排名第 901。
• In the QS 2019 rankings it was placed 19th among the BRICS countries, 13th in Emerging Europe and Central Asia, and 277th in the world.在 2019 年 QS 排名中，该校位列金砖国家第 19、新兴欧洲与中亚地区第 13、世界第 277。
• According to RIA Novosti in 2017, Tomsk State University was the third-best classical university in Russia, after Moscow State University and Ural Federal University.据 2017 年俄罗斯新闻社的评价，托木斯克国立大学是俄罗斯第三好的古典大学，仅次于莫斯科国立大学与乌拉尔联邦大学。
• Two Nobel laureates, Ivan Pavlov and Nikolay Semyonov, taught or worked at the university before winning their prizes in 1904 and 1956 respectively.两位诺贝尔奖得主伊万·巴甫洛夫与尼古拉·谢苗诺夫都曾在该校任教或工作，其后分别于 1904 年与 1956 年获奖。
• Its SKIF Cyberia supercomputer, ranked 105th in the TOP500 list of June 2007, gave the university a leading computing position in the former Soviet Union.曾于 2007 年 6 月位列 TOP500 第 105 位的 SKIF Cyberia 超级计算机，使该校在前苏联地区占据领先的算力地位。
• Tomsk State University has consistently appeared among the leading universities of the QS Emerging Europe and Central Asia rankings, reflecting its regional standing.托木斯克国立大学长期位列 QS 新兴欧洲与中亚地区排名的领先高校之列，体现其地区地位。

Student life

• The university's motto is recorded in Latin as Mens Mundo Aperiens, meaning a mind that opens the world.该校校训以拉丁文记为 Mens Mundo Aperiens，意为「开启世界的心智」。
• Because the campus has no walls, student life is closely interwoven with that of the city of Tomsk and its historic wooden architecture.由于校园没有围墙，学生生活与托木斯克城及其历史木构建筑紧密交织。
• The university's nine museums, ranging from archaeology and ethnography to mineralogy and the history of physics, are open to students and visitors alike.该校九座博物馆从考古学与民族学到矿物学与物理学史，均向学生与访客开放。
• The botanical garden and the university grove provide green space for study, recreation and student gatherings throughout the year.植物园与大学树林全年为学生提供学习、休闲与聚会的绿色空间。
• The cultural centre and its 800-seat concert hall host student performances, film screenings and festivals.文化中心及其 800 座的音乐厅承办学生演出、电影放映与节庆活动。
• About 2,000 international students contribute a cosmopolitan character to the university's campus life.约 2,000 名国际学生为该校的校园生活增添了国际化的色彩。
• Sports facilities including a swimming pool and playing fields support the university's student sports clubs and teams.包括游泳池与运动场地在内的体育设施，为该校学生体育社团与队伍提供支持。
• The Research Library, with about four million volumes, serves as a study centre and a meeting place for student groups and researchers.藏书约四百万册的科研图书馆，既是学习中心，也是学生团体与研究者的聚集之地。

Notable people

• Nikolai Gezekhus was the first rector of Tomsk University from 1888 and a founder of physics research at the institution.Nikolai Gezekhus 于 1888 年起任托木斯克大学首任校长，也是该校物理学研究的奠基者。
• Nikolay Kaschenko, a professor and rector of the university from 1893 to 1895, founded its school of vertebrate zoology.Nikolay Kaschenko 教授于 1893 至 1895 年任该校校长，创建了其脊椎动物学学派。
• Aleksey Kulyabko graduated as a doctor of medicine in 1893 and, as a professor from 1903 to 1924, founded the university's school of physiology.Aleksey Kulyabko 于 1893 年获医学博士学位，并于 1903 至 1924 年任教授期间创建了该校的生理学学派。
• Vasily Florinskiy, a physician and writer who helped organise the university, founded its research library in 1888.医师兼作家 Vasily Florinskiy 曾参与筹办该校，并于 1888 年创办其科研图书馆。
• Fritz Noether, a German mathematician who taught at the university, was executed by the Stalinist NKVD.曾在该校任教的德国数学家 Fritz Noether 后被斯大林时期的秘密警察处决。
• Grigory Shajn was a graduate of the university who became a noted astronomer.Grigory Shajn 是该校毕业生，后成为著名天文学家。
• Mikhail Usanovich, a professor of physical chemistry, developed a generalised theory of acids and bases.Mikhail Usanovich 是物理化学教授，提出了广义的酸碱理论。
• Ivan Pavlov, professor and head of pharmacology for a period in 1890, became the first Russian Nobel laureate when he won the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.伊万·巴甫洛夫于 1890 年一度任该校药理学教授兼主任，后于 1904 年获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，成为首位俄罗斯诺贝尔奖得主。
• Nikolay Semyonov, once a junior assistant in the physics faculty, was awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.尼古拉·谢苗诺夫曾在该校物理系任初级助理，后获 1956 年诺贝尔化学奖。
• Eduard Galazhinsky, a psychologist and full member of the Russian Academy of Education, has served as rector of the university.心理学家、俄罗斯教育科学院正式院士 Eduard Galazhinsky 曾担任该校校长。
• Alexei Didenko, a graduate of the law faculty in 2005, became a deputy of the Tomsk Oblast Duma and a regional leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia.2005 年毕业于法学院的 Alexei Didenko 出任托木斯克州杜马代表及俄罗斯自由民主党的地区负责人。
• Pyotr Lyashchenko, an economist, and Ioaniky Malinovsky, a jurist and an opponent of the death penalty, both served as professors at the university.经济学家 Pyotr Lyashchenko 与法学家、死刑反对者 Ioaniky Malinovsky 都曾在该校任教授。
• Antonina Polozhy graduated from Tomsk in 1939 and went on to become a professor of botany at the university.Antonina Polozhy 于 1939 年毕业于托大，后成为该校的植物学教授。
• Sergey Psakhie, a graduate and former professor, chaired the presidium of the Tomsk Scientific Centre of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences.校友兼前教授 Sergey Psakhie 曾任俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院托木斯克科学中心主席团主席。
• Mikhail Reisner was a lawyer, jurist and historian of law who taught at the university.Mikhail Reisner 是在该校任教的律师、法学家与法律史学者。