Tomsk Polytechnic University

National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University is a public technical university in Tomsk, in western Siberia, Russia, and it occupies the 741-750 band of the 2027 QS World University Rankings.国立研究型托木斯克理工大学是一所位于俄罗斯西西伯利亚托木斯克的公立技术大学，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中处于 741-750 区间。

Founded in 1896 as the Tomsk Technological Institute of Emperor Nicholas II, it was the first technical higher-education institution in the Russian Empire east of the Urals.该校于 1896 年以「尼古拉二世托木斯克工学院」之名创办，是俄罗斯帝国乌拉尔以东第一所技术类高等学府。

Its OpenAlex record lists 32,615 research works and 664,874 citations, and it operates the IRT-1000 nuclear research reactor, at which more than 430 students train each year.其 OpenAlex 记录列有研究成果 32,615 项、被引 664,874 次；该校运营 IRT-1000 核研究反应堆，每年有 430 余名学生在此受训。

History

• The institute was founded by the Ministry of National Education of the Russian Empire in 1896 as the Tomsk Technological Institute of Emperor Nicholas II, with departments in mechanical and chemical engineering.该学院由俄罗斯帝国国民教育部于 1896 年创办，定名尼古拉二世托木斯克工学院，设机械工程与化学工程两科。

• The State Council of Russia approved a polytechnic structure with four departments, namely mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, mining and construction engineering.俄罗斯国务会议批准其按工科多科性建制设立四个系，即机械工程、化学工程、采矿与建筑工程。

• The main building was erected between 1897 and 1907 to a design by Robert Marfeld, an academician of architecture, and it remains the university's administrative centre.主楼于 1897 至 1907 年间按建筑学院院士罗伯特·马尔费尔德的设计建成，至今仍是该校的行政中心。

• The first rectorship was offered to the chemist Dmitri Mendeleev, who declined on grounds of health but continued to advise on the institute's development.首任校长之职曾邀化学家德米特里·门捷列夫出任，他因健康原因婉拒，但仍持续为学院的发展献策。

• In January 1899 Professor Efim Zubashev, a student of Mendeleev, was appointed the first rector and chairman of the construction committee for the institute's premises.1899 年 1 月，门捷列夫的学生叶菲姆·祖巴舍夫教授被任命为首任校长，并兼任校舍建设委员会主席。

• Teaching began on 9 October 1900, when Professor Vladimir Nekrasov delivered the first lecture, on analytic geometry, to the first cohort of students.1900 年 10 月 9 日开始授课，弗拉基米尔·涅克拉索夫教授为首批学生讲授了第一堂课——解析几何。

• Among the first professors were Nikolai Kischner, who discovered the Wolff-Kishner reduction, and Theodor Molien, who laid the foundation of higher mathematical education in Siberia.首批教授中包括发现沃尔夫—基什纳还原反应的尼古拉·基什纳，以及奠定西伯利亚高等数学教育的特奥多尔·莫林。

• Other founding scientists included Evgeny Biron, the discoverer of secondary periodicity, and Vladimir Obruchev, who organised the mining department and founded Siberia's mining and geological school.其他开创性学者还有发现次周期性的叶夫根尼·比龙，以及筹办采矿系、开创西伯利亚采矿与地质学派的弗拉基米尔·奥布鲁切夫。

• In the autumn term of 1904 and 1905 Adam Yensh lectured on construction and architecture to students of the building, mechanical, mining and chemical departments.1904 至 1905 学年秋季学期，亚当·延什为建筑、机械、采矿与化学各系学生讲授施工与建筑学课程。

• In 1917 the Tomsk Technological Institute of Emperor Nicholas II was renamed simply the Tomsk Technological Institute after the fall of the monarchy.1917 年帝制倾覆后，尼古拉二世托木斯克工学院改称托木斯克工学院。

• In 1925 the institute was renamed the Dzerzhinsky Siberian Technological Institute, taking the name of the Soviet security chief Felix Dzerzhinsky.1925 年，该学院改名为捷尔任斯基西伯利亚工学院，采用苏联安全机构首脑费利克斯·捷尔任斯基之名。

• In 1930 the institute was broken up into specialised bodies, among them the Siberian Geological Prospecting Institute and the West Siberian Mechanical Engineering Institute.1930 年，该学院被拆分为若干专门机构，其中包括西伯利亚地质勘探学院与西西伯利亚机械工程学院。

• Also spun off were the Siberian Chemical Engineering Institute, the West Siberian Mining Institute and a rail transport institute that was later moved to Omsk.同时分出的还有西伯利亚化学工程学院、西西伯利亚矿业学院，以及后来迁往鄂木斯克的铁道运输学院。

• Further offshoots went to Novosibirsk, Novokuznetsk and Irkutsk, seeding technical and industrial education across Siberia.此后还有分支迁往新西伯利亚、新库兹涅茨克与伊尔库茨克，在西伯利亚各地播下技术与工业教育的种子。

• In 1934 three of the Tomsk institutes were reunited as the Tomsk Industrial Institute, and on 5 March 1935 it was named after the Soviet leader Sergey Kirov.1934 年，托木斯克的三个学院重新合并为托木斯克工业学院，并于 1935 年 3 月 5 日冠以苏联领导人谢尔盖·基洛夫之名。

• In 1940 the institute received the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in recognition of its contribution to industrial training in Siberia.1940 年，该学院因对西伯利亚工业人才培养的贡献而获颁劳动红旗勋章。

• During the Second World War all research was redirected to armaments, and a scientists' committee formed in June 1941 coordinated work for factories evacuated to Tomsk.第二次世界大战期间，全部研究转向军械制造，1941 年 6 月成立的科学家委员会统筹为迁往托木斯克的工厂服务的工作。

• In 1944 it was renamed the Kirov Tomsk Polytechnic Institute, and in 1952 it transmitted its first television programme, a filmed news magazine accompanied by sound.1944 年，该校改名为基洛夫托木斯克工学院；1952 年，它播出了第一套电视节目，即一档带声音的新闻纪录短片。

• In 1957 the Scientific Research Institute of Applied Physics was established, and in 1962 the Tomsk Institute of Radioelectronics was set up from its radio engineering faculty.1957 年成立应用物理科学研究所；1962 年，以其无线电工程系为基础组建了托木斯克无线电电子学院。

• The IRT-1000 nuclear research reactor was launched in 1967, and in 1971 the institute was awarded the Order of the October Revolution.IRT-1000 核研究反应堆于 1967 年启动；1971 年，该校获颁十月革命勋章。

• In 1981 the Cybernetics Scientific Training Centre was formed, and on 18 October 1991 the Russian government resolved to reorganise the institute as Tomsk Polytechnic University.1981 年成立控制论科学教学中心；1991 年 10 月 18 日，俄罗斯政府决定将该学院改组为托木斯克理工大学。

• In July 2013 the university won the status of a Leading University of Russia, and in March 2022 it was suspended from the CESAER network and the European University Association.2013 年 7 月，该校获得「俄罗斯领先大学」地位；2022 年 3 月，其被暂停 CESAER 网络与欧洲大学协会的成员资格。

Academics

• In 2017 the university's institutes were reorganised into engineering and research schools, among them the School of Computer Science and Robotics, the School of Non-Destructive Testing and the School of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies.2017 年，该校各研究所重组为工程与研究学院，其中包括计算机科学与机器人学院、无损检测学院以及先进制造技术学院。

• Other constituent schools are the School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, the School of Energy and Power Engineering and the School of Nuclear Science and Engineering.其他组成学院包括地球科学与工程学院、能源与动力工程学院以及核科学与工程学院。

• The Research School of High-Energy Physics and the Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences carry the university's fundamental science work.高能物理研究学院与化学及应用生物医学科学研究学院承担该校的基础科学研究。

• The School of Core Engineering Education and the School of Engineering Entrepreneurship complete a structure of ten schools that replaced the former faculties.核心工程教育学院与工程创业学院共同构成十院建制，取代了此前的系所结构。

• The university offers 29 bachelor's degree programmes, 32 master's programmes, nine specialist degrees, 19 postgraduate programmes and 31 research degrees.该校开设 29 个学士学位项目、32 个硕士项目、9 个专家学位项目、19 个研究生项目以及 31 个研究型学位项目。

• Its Yurga Institute of Technology trains engineers for Kemerovo Oblast and enrols more than 1,500 students in eight academic and laboratory buildings with over 70 laboratories.其尤尔加技术学院为克麦罗沃州培养工程师，在八栋教学与实验楼、70 余个实验室中招收 1,500 余名学生。

• The Centre of Academic Geology Internships, established in 1959 on the shore of Lake Sobachie in Khakassia, provides field training for universities across western Siberia.1959 年在哈卡斯索巴奇耶湖畔设立的地质实习中心，为西西伯利亚各地高校提供野外教学。

• The IRT-1000 research reactor, built between 1959 and 1967, trains more than 430 students a year in reactor control, nuclear safety and radiation protection.建于 1959 至 1967 年间的 IRT-1000 研究反应堆每年培训 430 余名学生，内容涵盖反应堆控制、核安全与辐射防护。

• It is the only operating reactor in Russia at which international students can complete such training, and they are prepared to work at nuclear facilities in their own countries.它是俄罗斯唯一允许国际学生完成此类培训的运行中反应堆，学生可据此回国后在核设施任职。

• Research concentrates on high-energy physics, non-destructive testing, earth sciences and engineering, advanced manufacturing, intelligent energy and nuclear science.其研究集中于高能物理、无损检测、地球科学与工程、先进制造、智能能源与核科学。

• In October 2012 the university launched a resource-efficiency development programme for 2013-2018, presented to the federal National Research University competition.2012 年 10 月，该校启动面向 2013 至 2018 年的资源效率发展计划，并提交联邦「国家研究型大学」评选。

• Its research and educational clusters span safe environment, sustainable energy, medical engineering, planet resources and cognitive systems with telecommunications.其研究与教学集群涵盖安全环境、可持续能源、医学工程、地球资源，以及认知系统与通信。

• OpenAlex records 32,615 research works and 664,874 citations for the university, one of the largest research records in Siberia.OpenAlex 记录该校研究成果 32,615 项、被引 664,874 次，是西伯利亚科研记录规模最大的高校之一。

• Among its industrial partners is the oilfield services company Schlumberger, and its researchers have taken part in European Commission framework programmes and in Horizon 2020 projects.其产业伙伴包括油田服务公司斯伦贝谢，研究人员亦参与欧盟委员会框架计划与「地平线 2020」项目。

• Doctoral training is organised through the research schools, with degrees awarded in the physical, chemical, engineering and earth sciences.博士培养通过各研究学院组织，学位授予涵盖物理、化学、工程与地球科学领域。

• The university took part in Project 5-100, Russia's state programme to place a group of leading universities among the best in the world.该校参与了俄罗斯旨在将一批领先大学推入世界一流的国家计划「5-100 计划」。

• Its engineering teaching combines laboratory work with industrial placements, and the curriculum retains the polytechnic breadth established at its founding.其工程教学把实验室工作与产业实习相结合，课程保留了创校时的工科多科性传统。

Campus

• The main campus lies in Tomsk, western Siberia, at approximately 56.50 degrees north and 84.98 degrees east, close to the Tom river.主校区位于西西伯利亚托木斯克，坐标约为北纬 56.50 度、东经 84.98 度，临近托姆河。

• Its oldest building is the main academic block erected between 1897 and 1907 to the design of Robert Marfeld, which still houses the university administration.最古老的建筑是 1897 至 1907 年间按罗伯特·马尔费尔德设计建成的主教学楼，现仍为学校行政所在地。

• The campus grew around Academician Square and Lenin Avenue, and later buildings include laboratory blocks, dormitories and student service buildings of the Soviet period.校区围绕院士广场与列宁大街扩展，此后的建筑包括苏联时期的实验楼、宿舍与学生服务设施。

• The Yurga Institute of Technology occupies eight buildings with more than 70 laboratories and is the university's principal branch, in Kemerovo Oblast.尤尔加技术学院位于克麦罗沃州，拥有八栋建筑与 70 多个实验室，是该校的主要分校。

• The Centre of Academic Geology Internships stands on the shore of Lake Sobachie in Khakassia, where students complete field mapping and drilling practice.地质实习中心坐落在哈卡斯索巴奇耶湖畔，学生在此完成野外填图与钻探实习。

• The IRT-1000 nuclear research reactor occupies a dedicated site on the campus and is used for teaching and research in nuclear engineering.IRT-1000 核研究反应堆在校区内独占一处场地，用于核工程的教学与研究。

• Tomsk's continental climate, with long winters and temperatures below minus thirty degrees Celsius, shapes campus life, and buildings are linked by covered passages.托木斯克的大陆性气候冬季漫长，气温可低于零下三十摄氏度，这影响了校园生活，各建筑之间以有顶廊道相连。

• The university's museums and its scientific library preserve collections assembled since 1896, including geological and mineralogical specimens from Siberian expeditions.该校的博物馆与科学图书馆保存着自 1896 年以来汇集的藏品，包括西伯利亚考察带回的地质与矿物标本。

• Tomsk is served by the Trans-Siberian Railway and by an airport at Bogashevo, about twenty kilometres from the campus.托木斯克有西伯利亚大铁路经过，距校区约二十公里处还有博加绍沃机场。

• Tomsk is known as a university city, and the students of its six state universities make up a large share of the population.托木斯克以大学城著称，其六所国立高校的学生在人口中占相当比例。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings Tomsk Polytechnic University is placed in the 741-750 band, according to the official ranking table.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，托木斯克理工大学处于 741-750 区间。此排名以官方榜单为准。^[1]

• It stands in the 1001-1200 band of the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and is 908th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校处于 1001-1200 区间，并在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中位列第 908。

• It is placed in the 901-1000 band of the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities published by ShanghaiRanking.该校处于软科发布的 2026 年世界大学学术排名 901-1000 区间。

• In 2023 U.S. News placed it 879th in the world, and in 2020 the University Ranking by Academic Performance put it 862nd.2023 年 US News 将其列为世界第 879 位，2020 年「学术表现大学排名」则将其列为第 862 位。

• OpenAlex attributes 32,615 works and 664,874 citations to the university, one of the largest research records in Siberia.OpenAlex 记录该校成果 32,615 项、被引 664,874 次，是西伯利亚科研记录规模最大的高校之一。

• It holds the status of a National Research University of Russia, granted in the federal competition of the late 2000s, and was named a Leading University of Russia in July 2013.该校拥有俄罗斯「国家研究型大学」地位（由 2000 年代末的联邦评选授予），并于 2013 年 7 月获评「俄罗斯领先大学」。

• Its suspension from the CESAER network and the European University Association in March 2022 followed the Russian Union of Rectors' support for the invasion of Ukraine.其于 2022 年 3 月被暂停 CESAER 网络与欧洲大学协会成员资格，起因是俄罗斯校长联盟支持入侵乌克兰。

• The university's nuclear engineering and non-destructive testing schools are among the strongest in Russia, and its reactor is used for international training.其核工程与无损检测学院位居俄罗斯最强之列，其反应堆还用于国际培训。

• Two scientists associated with the university, Nikolay Semyonov in 1956 and Dan Shechtman in 2011, received Nobel Prizes in Chemistry.与该校相关的两位科学家——1956 年的尼古拉·谢苗诺夫与 2011 年的丹·谢赫特曼——获得了诺贝尔化学奖。

• In Russian domestic rankings the university is regularly placed among the country's leading technical universities.在俄罗斯国内排名中，该校长期位居全国顶尖技术类大学之列。

Student life

• The university does not promote a single formal motto, and its identity rests on the engineering tradition established in 1896.该校不宣扬统一的正式校训，其身份认同建立于 1896 年奠定的工程传统之上。

• Student life is shaped by the Siberian climate, and the university maintains dormitories for students drawn from across Russia and from abroad.学生生活受西伯利亚气候影响，学校为来自俄罗斯各地与海外的学生提供宿舍。

• Every September the university marks the start of the academic year in memory of the first lecture delivered on 9 October 1900.每年九月，学校纪念学年开始，追念 1900 年 10 月 9 日讲授的第一堂课。

• Student societies cover robotics, geology, nuclear engineering, music and sport, and the geology club organises summer expeditions to Khakassia and the Altai.学生社团涵盖机器人、地质、核工程、音乐与体育，地质社还组织前往哈卡斯与阿尔泰的夏季考察。

• The university's student media include a newspaper and a radio and television service descended from the first broadcast of 1952.其学生媒体包括一份报刊，以及承自 1952 年首次播出的广播与电视机构。

• The Tomsk campus hosts an annual student spring festival, a tradition shared by Russian universities since the Soviet period.托木斯克校区每年举办「学生之春」艺术节，这是苏联时期以来俄罗斯高校共有的传统。

• Sports provision includes skiing and skating suited to the long winter, alongside indoor halls for volleyball, basketball and athletics.体育设施包括适应漫长冬季的滑雪与滑冰场地，以及排球、篮球与田径的室内馆。

• International students, among them nuclear engineering trainees from other countries, form a distinct community on campus and in the city.国际学生——其中包括来自他国的核工程受训者——在校园与城中构成独特的社群。

• Because Tomsk is compact and walkable, students move easily between the university buildings, the city's other universities and the Tom river embankment.由于托木斯克紧凑且适宜步行，学生可便捷往返于本校建筑、市内其他高校与托姆河滨。

Notable people

• Efim Zubashev, appointed first rector in 1899, organised the construction of the institute's main building and assembled its first teaching staff.1899 年出任首任校长的叶菲姆·祖巴舍夫，主持了学院主楼的建设并组建了首批师资。

• Dmitri Mendeleev, the chemist who framed the periodic table, was invited to be the first rector and advised the institute despite declining the post.制定元素周期表的化学家门捷列夫曾被邀任首任校长，他虽婉拒此职，仍为学院献策。

• Nikolay Kischner, professor of chemistry, discovered the Wolff-Kishner reduction, a standard reaction in organic synthesis.化学教授尼古拉·基什纳发现了沃尔夫—基什纳还原反应，这是有机合成中的标准反应。

• Theodor Molien, a Baltic-German mathematician on the faculty, founded higher mathematical education and research in Siberia.任教于该校的波罗的海德意志裔数学家特奥多尔·莫林，开创了西伯利亚的高等数学教育与研究。

• Vladimir Obruchev, geologist and explorer, organised the mining department and founded Siberia's mining and geological school.地质学家与探险家弗拉基米尔·奥布鲁切夫筹办了采矿系，并开创了西伯利亚的采矿与地质学派。

• Nikolay Semyonov received the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and is counted among the institute's distinguished scientists.尼古拉·谢苗诺夫获得 1956 年诺贝尔化学奖，被视为该校杰出科学家之一。

• Dan Shechtman, awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of quasicrystals, is likewise listed among its associated scholars.因发现准晶体而获 2011 年诺贝尔化学奖的丹·谢赫特曼，也被列入该校相关学者名录。

• Kanysh Satpayev, a 1926 graduate, became a founder of Soviet metallogeny and the first president of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan.1926 年毕业的卡内什·萨特帕耶夫成为苏联金属矿床学的奠基人之一，也是哈萨克斯坦科学院首任院长。

• Nikolay Kamov and Mikhail Mil, both educated in Tomsk, became leading Soviet helicopter designers and gave their names to design bureaux.同在托木斯克受教的尼古拉·卡莫夫与米哈伊尔·米尔成为苏联著名直升机设计师，各自的名字被用于命名设计局。

• Nikolay Urvantsev, geologist and Arctic explorer, discovered the Norilsk deposits, while Fritz Noether, a mathematician on the faculty, was executed in the Stalinist purges.地质学家与北极探险家尼古拉·乌尔万采夫发现了诺里尔斯克矿床，而任教于此的数学家弗里茨·诺特则在斯大林清洗中被处决。

• Gennady Mesyats, a physicist trained in Tomsk and later teaching there, founded scientific schools in pulsed power and accelerator physics.在托木斯克受教并其后在此任教的物理学家根纳季·梅夏茨，开创了脉冲功率与加速器物理的学术流派。