The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center is a comprehensive cancer centre and an autonomous university of the University of Texas System, located in the Texas Medical Center in Houston.得克萨斯大学安德森癌症中心是得克萨斯大学系统下属的综合性癌症中心与自治大学，位于休斯敦的得克萨斯医学中心内。

It is one of the three original comprehensive cancer centres designated by the National Cancer Institute and describes itself as the largest cancer centre in the world.它是美国国家癌症研究所最初认定的三家综合癌症中心之一，并自称为全球规模最大的癌症中心。

MD Anderson is 95th in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026, is absent from the THE 2027 and QS 2027 overall tables, and does not appear in the 2026-2027 U.S. News global university ranking.安德森中心在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中位列第 95 名，未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育与 QS 世界大学排名主榜，未进入 2026-2027 年度 U.S. News 全球大学榜单。

History

• The centre is named after Monroe Dunaway Anderson, a cotton trader who created the MD Anderson Foundation with $300,000 so that his partnership would not be broken up by estate taxes.该中心以棉花商人门罗·邓纳韦·安德森命名，他出资 30 万美元设立安德森基金会，以免合伙企业在合伙人去世后被遗产税拆散。
• Anderson died in 1939, and the foundation received $19 million from his estate, a sum that made a large medical project in Houston possible.安德森于 1939 年去世，基金会从其遗产中获得 1900 万美元，这笔资金使休斯敦的一个大型医疗项目成为可能。
• In 1941 the Texas Legislature appropriated $500,000 for a cancer hospital and research centre, and the foundation agreed to match the state if the hospital stood in Houston and carried Anderson's name.1941 年，得克萨斯州议会拨款 50 万美元兴建癌症医院与研究中心，基金会同意等额配捐，条件是医院设在休斯敦并以安德森命名。
• The hospital opened in 1944 and spent its first decade in a converted residence with 46 leased beds before moving to its present Texas Medical Center site in 1954.医院于 1944 年开业，最初十年栖身于一栋改建住宅，并租用 46 张床位，直到 1954 年才迁入现址。
• The Texas Medical Center itself grew from 1945 largely through the foundation's land and money, so the cancer hospital and the medical centre expanded together.得克萨斯医学中心自 1945 年起主要依靠基金会提供的土地与资金成形，癌症医院与整个医学中心由此同步扩张。
• R. Lee Clark became the first full-time president in 1946 and led the institution until 1978, a 32-year tenure that shaped its research and clinical structure.李·克拉克于 1946 年出任首任全职院长，任职至 1978 年，这 32 年奠定了该机构的研究与临床架构。
• In 1949 the physicist Leonard Grimmett and the physician Gilbert Fletcher designed a cobalt-60 unit for radiation therapy, one of the institution's earliest technical breakthroughs.1949 年，物理学家伦纳德·格里米特与医生吉尔伯特·弗莱彻设计了用于放射治疗的钴 60 装置，这是该机构最早的技术突破之一。
• Emil Freireich pioneered the continuous-flow blood cell separator in 1958, and Wataru Sutow introduced chemotherapy that improved survival in Wilms' tumour in 1964.埃米尔·弗赖赖希于 1958 年开创连续流血液细胞分离技术，瓦塔鲁·苏托则在 1964 年引入化疗，提高了肾母细胞瘤患者的生存率。
• The Radiological Physics Center was established in 1968 as the hub for uniform radiation dosimetry in American cancer trials, standardising a field that had been measured inconsistently.放射物理中心于 1968 年设立，成为美国癌症临床试验放射剂量测定的中枢，使此前测量口径不一的领域得以标准化。
• In 1976 the centre validated lumpectomy followed by radiation for breast cancer, a result that helped make breast-conserving treatment a global standard.1976 年，该中心证实了肿块切除加放射治疗对乳腺癌的疗效，这一结果推动保乳治疗成为全球标准。
• Charles LeMaistre served as president from 1978 to 1996, and in 1978 the centre worked with IBM on a simplified blood cell separator for component therapy.查尔斯·勒迈斯特于 1978 至 1996 年担任院长，1978 年该中心还与国际商业机器公司合作开发简化型血细胞分离机，用于成分输血。
• In 1981 MD Anderson installed the first medical cyclotron in the United States with funding from the National Cancer Institute, and in 1985 Gabriel Lopez-Berestein developed liposomal antifungal therapy.1981 年，安德森中心在美国国家癌症研究所资助下安装美国首台医用回旋加速器，1985 年加布里埃尔·洛佩斯-贝雷斯坦开发出脂质体抗真菌疗法。
• In 1988 it opened the first operating room equipped with a linear accelerator for electron-beam radiotherapy, and in 1994 its scientists invented intensity-modulated radiation therapy.1988 年，该中心启用全球第一间配备直线加速器的电子束放射治疗手术室，1994 年其科学家又发明了调强放射治疗。
• John Mendelsohn was president from 1996 to 2011, a period in which the institution expanded its targeted-therapy research and its network of regional clinics.约翰·门德尔松于 1996 至 2011 年任院长，这一时期该机构扩大了靶向治疗研究并拓展了区域诊所网络。
• In 2000 MD Anderson Madrid began operating as the first global branch, and in 2005 the Houston campus introduced pencil-beam scanning in proton therapy.2000 年，马德里安德森中心作为首个海外分支开始运营，2005 年休斯敦院区在质子治疗中引入笔形束扫描。
• FDA approval of dasatinib and nilotinib for Gleevec-resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia followed MD Anderson trials in 2006, and a 2009 experimental drug starved neuroblastoma cells in early studies.2006 年，安德森中心的试验促成达沙替尼与尼洛替尼获批用于对伊马替尼耐药的慢性髓性白血病，2009 年一种实验性药物在早期研究中显示出可剥夺神经母细胞瘤细胞营养的效果。
• Ronald DePinho was president from 2011 to 2017, when Peter W. T. Pisters took office, and in 2015 the American Association of University Professors censured the institution over two tenure denials.罗纳德·德皮尼奥于 2011 至 2017 年任院长，随后由彼得·皮斯特斯接任，2015 年美国大学教授协会因两起终身教职被拒事件对该机构作出谴责。
• The Moon Shots Program launched in 2012 to compress the distance between laboratory discovery and clinical care, and Lyda Hill pledged $50 million to it in 2013.该中心于 2012 年启动登月计划，旨在压缩从实验室发现到临床应用的周期，莉达·希尔于 2013 年为此认捐 5000 万美元。
• In 2022 MD Anderson launched a Global Oncology Program and began a collaboration with the World Health Organization on women's cancers, and in 2023 it broke ground on a 600,000-square-foot research building in Helix Park.2022 年，该中心启动全球肿瘤学项目，并与世界卫生组织就女性癌症展开合作，2023 年又在赫尔克斯园区动工兴建 60 万平方英尺的研究大楼。
• On 14 August 2023 the UT System announced a new MD Anderson campus in Austin on the Frank Erwin Center site, with demolition due in 2024 and ground-breaking projected for 2026.2023 年 8 月 14 日，得克萨斯大学系统宣布在奥斯汀弗兰克·欧文中心原址新建安德森院区，拆除工作计划于 2024 年完成，破土动工预计在 2026 年。
• In 1989 the institution created MD Anderson Services Corporation, a non-profit outreach arm that forms joint ventures, contracts for hospital management and extends reference-laboratory services into other markets.1989 年，该机构设立安德森服务公司，作为非营利的外展机构，负责组建合资项目、承接医院管理合同并把参考实验室服务延伸到其他市场。

Academics

• MD Anderson holds independent university status within the UT System, awarding degrees as well as running residency, fellowship and postdoctoral programmes in cancer care and research.安德森中心在得克萨斯大学系统内拥有独立大学地位，既授予学位，也开设肿瘤诊疗与研究方向的住院医师、专科培训与博士后项目。
• Its Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences is operated jointly with McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston and offers M.S., Ph.D. and combined M.D./Ph.D. degrees.其生物医学研究生院与休斯敦德克萨斯大学健康科学中心的麦戈文医学院合办，授予硕士、博士以及医学博士与博士双学位。
• Graduate fields include biochemistry and cell biology, cancer biology, genetics and epigenetics, immunology, medical physics, microbiology and infectious diseases, neuroscience, quantitative sciences and therapeutics.研究生专业涵盖生物化学与细胞生物学、癌症生物学、遗传学与表观遗传学、免疫学、医学物理、微生物学与传染病学、神经科学、定量科学以及治疗学。
• The School of Health Professions awards bachelor's and master's degrees in clinical laboratory science, cytogenetic technology, cytotechnology, diagnostic imaging, diagnostic medical sonography and histotechnology.健康职业学院在临床检验科学、细胞遗传技术、细胞技术、诊断影像、诊断医学超声与组织技术等方向授予学士与硕士学位。
• It also teaches medical dosimetry, molecular genetic technology, diagnostic genetics, radiological sciences, radiation therapy, and healthcare disparities with diversity and advocacy.学院还教授医学剂量学、分子遗传技术、诊断遗传学、放射科学、放射治疗，以及医疗差距与多元倡导等课程。
• Residency and fellowship training spans diagnostic imaging, complex surgery, medical oncology, radiation oncology and pathology, and the institution trains postdoctoral fellows in basic and translational science.住院医师与专科培训覆盖诊断影像、复杂外科、肿瘤内科、放射肿瘤与病理等方向，机构同时培养基础与转化科学方向的博士后。
• The James P. Allison Institute, named for the immunologist who shared the 2018 Nobel Prize, concentrates on immunotherapy, and the Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute personalises therapy by tumour genotype.以共享 2018 年诺贝尔奖的免疫学家命名的詹姆斯·艾利森研究所专注免疫治疗，哈利法·本·扎耶德·阿勒纳哈扬研究所则依据肿瘤基因型制定个体化治疗。
• The Duncan Family Institute works on cancer prevention and risk assessment, the Institute for Applied Cancer Science turns discoveries into drugs and the Institute for Data Science in Oncology applies large datasets to cancer research.邓肯家族研究所从事癌症预防与风险评估，应用癌症科学研究所把发现转化为药物，肿瘤数据科学研究所则把大规模数据集用于癌症研究。
• The Institute for Cancer Care Innovation studies how care is delivered and paid for, while the McCombs Institute groups seven translational centres in genomics, proteomics, screening, imaging and drug development.癌症照护创新研究所研究医疗服务的提供与支付方式，麦库姆斯研究所则整合基因组学、蛋白质组学、筛查、影像与药物开发七个转化中心。
• Research spending reached $1.2 billion in fiscal 2023, and the centre states that it holds more National Cancer Institute grants than any other American institution.2023 财年研究支出达 12 亿美元，该中心称其获得的美国国家癌症研究所资助项目数量超过美国任何其他机构。
• As of 2023 it hosted the largest number of cancer clinical trials in the world, a portfolio that ranges from first-in-human phase I studies to large prevention trials.截至 2023 年，该中心开展的癌症临床试验数量居全球首位，范围从首次人体一期试验到大型预防试验。
• The Moon Shots Program organises research into disease-specific teams that carry a discovery from bench to trial to standard practice, with milestones set by the institution rather than by individual departments.登月计划把研究组织成按疾病划分的团队，把一项发现从实验室推进到试验再推进到常规诊疗，里程碑由机构而非单个科室设定。
• Clinical care is organised around multidisciplinary centres in which surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists and imaging specialists see the same patient in one visit.临床诊疗围绕多学科中心组织，外科医生、肿瘤内科医生、放射肿瘤医生、病理医生与影像专家在同一次就诊中共同为同一位患者服务。
• The institution runs a cancer prevention and risk-assessment service and a personalised cancer therapy programme that reads tumour biopsies for actionable mutations.该机构设有癌症预防与风险评估服务，以及通过肿瘤活检寻找可用突变靶点的个体化癌症治疗项目。
• Training also extends abroad through Global Academic Programs, which links more than 25 sister institutions in Asia, Europe and the Americas for research, education and nursing exchange.培训还通过全球学术项目延伸到海外，与亚洲、欧洲与美洲的 25 个以上姐妹机构在研究、教育与护理交流方面建立联系。
• A 2023 partnership with Mozambique's Ministry of Health and a $5.1 million NIH grant for cervical cancer in women living with HIV extended the global oncology portfolio into sub-Saharan Africa.2023 年与莫桑比克卫生部建立的合作，以及一项 510 万美元、针对女性艾滋病病毒感染者宫颈癌的国立卫生研究院资助，把全球肿瘤学布局延伸到撒哈拉以南非洲。
• The Timken Foundation committed $5 million to the James P. Allison Institute, part of a pattern in which named institutes are funded by private gifts rather than by general operating revenue.蒂姆肯基金会向詹姆斯·艾利森研究所承诺捐赠 500 万美元，这体现了该机构以私人捐赠而非一般运营收入供养冠名研究所的模式。

Campus

• The Houston campus occupies the Texas Medical Center and is divided into North, Mid and South campuses, each with a different mix of clinical, research and administrative buildings.休斯敦院区位于得克萨斯医学中心，分为北、中、南三个校区，各自承担不同的临床、科研与行政功能。
• The Main Building on the North Campus houses Alkek Hospital, the Bates-Freeman Building, Clark Clinic, the Gimbel Building, the Jones Research Building, LeMaistre Clinic, Love Clinic and the Lutheran Hospital Pavilion.北校区的主楼群包括阿尔凯克医院、贝茨-弗里曼楼、克拉克诊所、金贝尔楼、琼斯研究楼、勒迈斯特诊所、洛夫诊所与路德会医院楼。
• Also on the North Campus are the Dan L. Duncan Building, the Clinical Research Building, the Faculty Center, Mays Clinic, the Mitchell Basic Sciences Research Building and the Radiology Outpatient Center.北校区还分布着丹·邓肯楼、临床研究楼、教师中心、梅斯诊所、米切尔基础科学研究楼与放射科门诊中心。
• The 21-storey T. Boone Pickens Academic Tower opened in 2008 and holds classrooms, conference facilities and executive and faculty offices above the clinical floors.21 层的布恩·皮肯斯学术塔于 2008 年启用，在临床楼层之上设置教室、会议设施以及行政与教师办公室。
• The Mid Campus building, a 25-storey tower opened in 2011, was built to absorb administrative growth and to free clinical space in the older buildings.中校区大楼是一座 2011 年启用的 25 层塔楼，用于容纳行政扩张并腾出旧楼中的临床空间。
• The South Campus holds the McCombs Institute and its seven translational research centres, and the 2023 Helix Park building adds 600,000 square feet of laboratory space nearby.南校区容纳麦库姆斯研究所及其七个转化研究中心，2023 年开工的赫尔克斯园区大楼又在附近增加 60 万平方英尺实验空间。
• MD Anderson is one of the four founding institutions of the Texas Medical Center's Helix Park, a life-sciences district expected to generate a $5.4 billion economic impact.安德森中心是得克萨斯医学中心赫尔克斯园区的四家创始机构之一，这一生命科学园区预计将带来 54 亿美元的经济影响。
• The Children's Cancer Hospital occupies the ninth floor of the Main Building and treats infants, children, teenagers and young adults up to the age of 29 through a dedicated adolescent programme.儿童癌症医院设在主楼九层，通过专门的青少年项目收治婴儿、儿童、青少年以及 29 岁以下的年轻成人。
• The Jesse H. Jones Rotary House International is a full-service hotel owned by the cancer centre and managed by Marriott, reserved for patients and their families during treatment.杰西·琼斯国际旅居酒店是一家由癌症中心全资拥有、由万豪管理的全服务酒店，专供治疗期间的患者及其家属住宿。
• Regional sites include League City on the UTMB campus, Sugar Land at St. Luke's, West Houston, The Woodlands, Memorial City and a gynaecologic oncology clinic at the Woman's Hospital of Texas.区域站点包括位于加尔维斯顿德克萨斯大学医学分部校区的利格城、圣卢克医疗系统的糖城、休斯敦西区、伍德兰兹、纪念城，以及得克萨斯妇女医院内的妇科肿瘤诊所。
• Outside Texas the MD Anderson Cancer Network includes Banner MD Anderson in Gilbert, Arizona, Cooper in Camden, Baptist in Jacksonville and RUSH in Chicago, which follow its treatment plans.在得克萨斯州以外，安德森癌症网络包括亚利桑那州吉尔伯特的班纳安德森、新泽西州卡姆登的库珀、佛罗里达州杰克逊维尔的浸信会以及芝加哥的拉什，它们均采用其治疗方案。
• MD Anderson Madrid opened in 2000 as the first global branch, and a radiation treatment centre operates at the American Hospital in Istanbul under the Vehbi Koc Foundation.马德里安德森中心于 2000 年作为首个海外分支开业，伊斯坦布尔的美国医院内则在韦赫比·科奇基金会支持下设有放射治疗中心。
• The Zayed Building for Personalized Cancer Care, home to the Sheikh Khalifa institute, received the 2016 Lab of the Year award from R&D Magazine for its laboratory design.个体化癌症治疗扎耶德大楼是哈利法研究所所在地，因其实验室设计获得美国《研发杂志》2016 年度实验室奖。

Reputation

• The Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 ranks MD Anderson 95th in the world, its strongest position among the four major global tables.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名将安德森中心列为全球第 95 名，这是它在四大全球榜单中的最好位次。
• It does not appear in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, so no THE position is recorded for the institution.该校未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，因此没有对应的泰晤士名次。
• It is also absent from the QS World University Rankings 2027, because QS's overall table is built around broad multi-faculty universities and does not list single-focus cancer centres.该校同样未进入 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名，因为 QS 综合榜以学科齐全的多科性大学为对象，不收录单一领域的癌症中心。
• MD Anderson does not appear in the 2026-2027 U.S. News global university ranking either, and the institution's hospital standing should not be read as a university position.安德森中心也未进入 2026-2027 年度 U.S. News 全球大学榜单，其医院层面的位次不应被当作大学排名。
• In the separate U.S. News hospital specialty table for cancer, however, it has been ranked first in the United States since 2014, including the 2024-2025 edition.但在《美国新闻与世界报道》另行发布的医院癌症专科榜中，该中心自 2014 年起连续位居全美第一，包括 2024 至 2025 年度。
• Newsweek placed MD Anderson first in its 2024 list of the World's Best Specialized Hospitals in oncology, an assessment based on expert opinion and patient-outcome data.《新闻周刊》在 2024 年全球最佳肿瘤专科医院榜单中把安德森中心列为第一，该榜单依据专家意见与患者结局数据编制。
• It is one of the three original comprehensive cancer centres designated by the National Cancer Institute and reports more NCI-funded projects than any other American institution.它是美国国家癌症研究所最初认定的三家综合癌症中心之一，并称其获得的该所资助项目数量超过美国其他任何机构。
• Research investment of $1.2 billion in fiscal 2023 and the world's largest portfolio of cancer clinical trials underpin that standing.2023 财年 12 亿美元的研究投入与全球规模最大的癌症临床试验体系，共同支撑了这一地位。
• James P. Allison, professor and chair of immunology, shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Tasuku Honjo for immune checkpoint inhibition, work that created a new class of cancer drugs.免疫学教授兼系主任詹姆斯·艾利森与本庶佑因免疫检查点抑制研究共享 2018 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，该成果催生了一类新的抗癌药物。
• The institution has also held Magnet recognition for nursing from the American Nurses Credentialing Center and a WHO collaborating-centre role in supportive cancer care since 1996.该机构还获得美国护士认证中心颁发的磁石护理认证，并自 1996 年起承担世界卫生组织支持性癌症照护合作中心的角色。

Student life

• Graduate students are enrolled through the joint Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences with McGovern Medical School, so classes and laboratory rotations mix MD Anderson and UTHealth trainees.研究生通过与该医学院合办的生物医学研究生院注册，因此课程与实验室轮转把安德森中心与休斯敦健康科学中心的学生混编在一起。
• The School of Health Professions admits undergraduates for bachelor's degrees in clinical laboratory science, diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy, who train inside a working cancer hospital.健康职业学院招收临床检验科学、诊断影像与放射治疗方向的本科生，他们在正常运转的癌症医院内接受训练。
• Residents and clinical fellows rotate through disease-specific multidisciplinary centres rather than single departments, seeing the full path of a patient from diagnosis to survivorship.住院医师与临床专科培训生在按疾病划分的多学科中心轮转，而非局限于单一科室，从诊断到长期生存随访全程参与。
• Postdoctoral fellows form a large part of the campus population and work in the South Campus laboratories and the McCombs translational centres.博士后是校园人口的重要组成部分，主要在南校区实验室与麦库姆斯转化中心工作。
• The Children's Art Project, begun in 1973, turns artwork by paediatric patients into greeting cards and gifts whose sales fund patient programmes and research.儿童艺术项目始于 1973 年，把儿科患者的画作制成贺卡与礼品出售，所得用于患者项目与研究。
• The Rotary House International and surrounding hotels let families stay within walking distance during weeks of treatment, which shapes the daily rhythm of the campus.这家旅居酒店与周边酒店让家属在数周治疗期间可以步行往返，这塑造了校园的日常节奏。
• The campus sits inside the Texas Medical Center, next to Rice University and the Houston Museum District, with light rail linking it to downtown and the stadium district.校园位于得克萨斯医学中心内，邻近莱斯大学与休斯敦博物馆区，轻轨把这里与市中心及体育场馆区连接起来。
• The Children's Cancer Hospital treats patients up to age 29 through a dedicated adolescent and young-adult programme, and its paediatric patients supply the artwork sold by the Children's Art Project.儿童癌症医院通过专门的青少年与青年项目收治 29 岁以下的患者，其儿科患者还为儿童艺术项目提供画作。

Notable people

• Monroe Dunaway Anderson's foundation supplied much of the land and money behind both the cancer hospital and the Texas Medical Center, and T. Boone Pickens's gift named the 21-storey academic tower.门罗·邓纳韦·安德森的基金会为癌症医院与得克萨斯医学中心提供了大量土地与资金，布恩·皮肯斯的捐赠则使那座 21 层学术塔以他命名。
• James P. Allison, chair of immunology, won the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation, and the Allison Institute carries his name.免疫学系主任詹姆斯·艾利森因发现通过抑制负向免疫调节治疗癌症而获得 2018 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，艾利森研究所即以他命名。
• R. Lee Clark served as the first full-time president from 1946 to 1978 and established the institution's combined research-and-clinical model.李·克拉克于 1946 至 1978 年担任首任全职院长，确立了该机构研究与临床一体的模式。
• Charles LeMaistre led the centre from 1978 to 1996, a period that saw the growth of its national cancer network and prevention programmes.查尔斯·勒迈斯特于 1978 至 1996 年领导该中心，这一时期其全国癌症网络与预防项目显著扩展。
• John Mendelsohn served as president from 1996 to 2011, the third full-time president in the institution's history.约翰·门德尔松于 1996 至 2011 年任院长，是该机构历史上的第三位全职院长。
• Ronald DePinho served as president from 2011 to 2017, the fourth full-time president, and Peter W. T. Pisters has held the post since 2017 as the fifth.罗纳德·德皮尼奥于 2011 至 2017 年任第四位全职院长，彼得·皮斯特斯自 2017 年起接任第五位。
• Emil J. Freireich pioneered the continuous-flow blood cell separator in 1958, a device that improved transfusion and supported intensive cancer treatment.埃米尔·弗赖赖希于 1958 年开创连续流血液细胞分离技术，这一装置改善了输血并支撑了高强度肿瘤治疗。
• Gilbert Fletcher and Leonard Grimmett designed the cobalt-60 radiation unit in 1949, and Wataru Sutow introduced chemotherapy for Wilms' tumour in 1964.吉尔伯特·弗莱彻与伦纳德·格里米特于 1949 年设计钴 60 放射装置，瓦塔鲁·苏托于 1964 年引入肾母细胞瘤化疗。
• Gabriel Lopez-Berestein developed liposomal antifungal therapy in 1985, and Juan Fueyo with Candelaria Gomez-Manzano created an oncolytic adenovirus for brain tumours in 2013.加布里埃尔·洛佩斯-贝雷斯坦于 1985 年开发脂质体抗真菌疗法，胡安·富埃约与坎德拉里亚·戈麦斯-曼萨诺于 2013 年研制出针对脑肿瘤的溶瘤腺病毒。
• Lyda Hill's 50 million pledge in 2013 and Howard Meyers's25 million gift for the Meyers Institute for Oncology Nursing extended private support for research and nursing.莉达·希尔 2013 年认捐 5000 万美元、霍华德·迈耶斯捐赠 2500 万美元设立肿瘤护理研究所，扩大了对研究与护理的私人支持。