The University of Manchester

The University of Manchester is a public research university in Manchester, England and in its present form was created in 2004 by the merger of the Victoria University of Manchester and the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology.曼彻斯特大学是英格兰曼彻斯特的一所公立研究型大学，其现有形态由曼彻斯特维多利亚大学与曼彻斯特理工大学于 2004 年合并而成。

Its origins lie in the Manchester Mechanics Institution founded in 1824, and it is a member of the Russell Group of leading research-intensive universities.该校起源于 1824 年创立的曼彻斯特机械学社，并是罗素集团这一顶尖研究型大学联盟的成员。

The university has more than 46,000 students and counts twenty-six Nobel Laureates among its past and present staff and students.该校在校学生超过 46,000 人，其过往与现任的教职员及学生中共有二十六位诺贝尔奖得主。

History

• The Manchester Mechanics Institution was formed in 1824 as part of a national movement to educate working men during the Industrial Revolution.1824 年，作为工业革命时期教育劳工的全国性运动的一部分，曼彻斯特机械学社成立。
• Owens College was founded from the 1846 legacy of industrialist John Owens and became the first constituent of the Victoria University in 1880.欧文斯学院源于工业家约翰·欧文斯 1846 年的遗赠，并于 1880 年成为维多利亚大学的首个组成学院。
• The John Owens Building, designed by Alfred Waterhouse, was completed in 1873 and remains a landmark of the Oxford Road campus.由阿尔弗雷德·沃特豪斯设计的约翰·欧文斯楼于 1873 年竣工，至今仍是牛津路校区的地标。
• In 1880 Owens College became part of the Victoria University, recognised as England's first civic university built by and for the people of Manchester.1880 年，欧文斯学院并入维多利亚大学，该校被公认为由曼彻斯特人兴建、为其所用的英格兰第一所市民大学。
• The Manchester Technical School was created in 1883 and later evolved into the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, known as UMIST.曼彻斯特技术学校于 1883 年创立，后来发展为曼彻斯特理工大学（UMIST）。
• An agreement in 1905 allowed the professors of the College of Technology to constitute the Faculty of Technology of the Victoria University.1905 年的协议使技术学院的教授得以组建成维多利亚大学的工学部。
• In 1917 Ernest Rutherford, working at Manchester, created the first artificially induced nuclear reaction and founded the field of nuclear physics.1917 年，在曼彻斯特工作的欧内斯特·卢瑟福完成了首次人工诱发的核反应，并开创了核物理学科。
• In 1948 William Arthur Lewis was appointed to a chair at Manchester, becoming the first Black professor in Britain.1948 年，威廉·阿瑟·刘易斯在曼彻斯特获任讲座教授，成为英国第一位黑人教授。
• The Manchester Small Scale Experimental Machine, nicknamed Baby, ran the world's first stored program in 1948 under Frederic Williams and Tom Kilburn.1948 年，绰号「小宝贝」的曼彻斯特小型实验机在弗雷德里克·威廉姆斯与汤姆·基尔伯恩主持下运行了世界上第一个存储程序。
• In 1950 Alan Turing, based at the university, formulated the Turing Test as a measure of machine intelligence.1950 年，在该校任职的艾伦·图灵提出了图灵测试，作为衡量机器智能的标准。
• The 76 metre Lovell Telescope at Jodrell Bank was completed in 1957 and was then the largest steerable dish radio telescope in the world.焦德雷班克的 76 米洛弗尔望远镜于 1957 年建成，当时是世界上最大的可转动碟形射电望远镜。
• In 1970 Manchester established England's first nursing degree, with Jean McFarlane appointed as the country's first chair of nursing.1970 年，曼彻斯特设立了英格兰第一个护理学位，并任命琼·麦克法兰为英国首位护理学讲座教授。
• Sir John Charnley, a Manchester alumnus, revolutionised orthopaedic surgery in 1962 with the first successful plastic hip socket implant.曼彻斯特校友约翰·查恩利爵士于 1962 年以首个成功的塑料髋臼假体，革新了骨科手术。
• On 22 October 2004 the Victoria University and UMIST officially combined after a royal charter from Queen Elizabeth II, forming today's university.2004 年 10 月 22 日，在伊丽莎白二世女王颁发的皇家宪章下，维多利亚大学与 UMIST 正式合并，形成今日的曼彻斯特大学。
• In 2004 Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov first isolated graphene at Manchester, work that earned them the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics.2004 年，安德烈·海姆与康斯坦丁·诺沃肖洛夫在曼彻斯特首次分离出石墨烯，此项工作让他们获得 2010 年诺贝尔物理学奖。
• Jodrell Bank Observatory was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2019 in recognition of its role in radio astronomy.2019 年，焦德雷班克天文台因其对射电天文学的贡献被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。
• The university celebrated its bicentenary in 2024, marking two hundred years since the founding of the Mechanics Institution in 1824.2024 年，该校庆祝建校两百周年，纪念 1824 年机械学社创立以来的两个世纪。
• The Victoria University and UMIST had worked closely for a century, sharing the Faculty of Technology from 1905, before their merger in 2004 created the largest single-site university in the United Kingdom.曼彻斯特维多利亚大学与曼彻斯特理工大学曾密切协作一个世纪，自 1905 年起共享工学部，直至 2004 年合并，造就了英国最大的单一校址大学。
• Manchester's scientific tradition includes the splitting of the atom by Rutherford, the first stored-program computer, the discovery of graphene, and pioneering work in chemical engineering and medicine.曼彻斯特的科学传统包括卢瑟福分裂原子、世界首台存储程序计算机、石墨烯的发现，以及化学工程与医学领域的开创性工作。
• The university traces its civic mission to the Victorian ideal of education serving the industrial city, and it was England's first civic university, built by and for the people of Manchester.该校的市民使命可追溯到维多利亚时代教育服务工业城市的理念，它是英格兰第一所市民大学，由曼彻斯特人兴建、为其所用。
• Its museums, archives and the John Rylands Library document two centuries of innovation in science, engineering, medicine and the social sciences, attracting researchers from around the world.该校的博物馆、档案馆与约翰·赖兰兹图书馆记录了两个世纪以来科学、工程、医学与社会科学领域的创新，吸引着世界各地的研究者。
• The Manchester Mechanics Institution, founded in 1824, was the largest such institute in England outside London and provided scientific education to the city's workers until the 1880s.1824 年创立的曼彻斯特机械学社，是伦敦以外英格兰最大的同类机构，直到 1880 年代一直为城市劳工提供科学教育。
• In 1852 the Manchester physician Peter Mark Roget published his Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases, a work still in print that he conceived while working as a doctor in the city.1852 年，曼彻斯特医生彼得·马克·罗热出版了《英语词汇与短语汇编》，此书至今仍在印行，其构思源于他在该市行医的经历。
• In 1918 the university law alumna Christabel Pankhurst campaigned for votes for women and helped secure the passage of the Representation of the People Act.1918 年，该校法学校友克里斯塔贝尔·潘克赫斯特为女性争取投票权，促成了《人民代表法》的通过。
• In 1940 the alumna Beatrice Shilling devised an engine restrictor that kept British fighter planes competitive with the Luftwaffe, and in 1945 Ellen Wilkinson became England's first female Minister for Education.1940 年校友比阿特丽斯·希林设计出化油器限流装置，使英国战斗机得以与德国空军抗衡；1945 年校友埃伦·威尔金森成为英格兰首位女性教育大臣。

Academics

• The University of Manchester is organised into three faculties, those of Biology Medicine and Health, Science and Engineering, and Humanities.曼彻斯特大学由三个学部组成，即生物、医学与健康学部，科学与工学学部，以及人文学部。
• It enrolled more than 46,000 students in the 2021 to 2022 academic year, including about 30,900 undergraduates and 15,500 postgraduates.2021 至 2022 学年，该校在校学生超过 46,000 人，其中本科生约 30,900 人、研究生约 15,500 人。
• The university employs more than 12,000 staff, of whom nearly 7,000 are academic and research personnel, and it attracts visiting scholars from around the world.该校聘有 12,000 余名员工，其中近 7,000 人为学术与研究人员，并吸引来自世界各地的访问学者。
• Twenty-six Nobel Laureates are counted among its current and former staff, students and fellows across the sciences and economics.在其现任与过往的教职员、学生及研究员中，共有二十六位诺贝尔奖得主，涵盖科学与经济领域。
• The John Rylands Library is among the finest neo Gothic libraries in the world and holds major manuscript and printed collections.约翰·赖兰兹图书馆是世界上最精美的哥特复兴式图书馆之一，藏有大量手稿与印刷珍品。
• The main University of Manchester Library is one of the five national research libraries of the United Kingdom by volume of holdings.曼彻斯特大学主图书馆按馆藏量计是英国五所国家级研究型图书馆之一。
• The university is a member of the Russell Group, the N8 research partnership and the Worldwide Universities Network.该校是罗素集团、N8 研究伙伴关系与全球大学网络等组织的成员。
• The School of Computer Science builds on the institution's pioneering history in stored program computing and artificial intelligence.计算机科学学院承袭了该校在存储程序计算与人工智能领域的开创性历史。
• The Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health encompasses the medical school and the allied health professions at the Oxford Road campus.生物、医学与健康学部涵盖牛津路校区的医学院及其相关健康专业。
• The Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics operates the Lovell Telescope and hosts the Square Kilometre Array organisation.焦德雷班克天体物理中心运营洛弗尔望远镜，并是平方公里阵列组织的所在地。
• The university reports an annual research income in the hundreds of millions of pounds and a very high proportion of world leading research.该校年度研究收入达数亿英镑量级，其世界领先水平的研究占比极高。
• Manchester's research strength spans the physical sciences, engineering, life sciences, medicine, the humanities, business and the social sciences across its three faculties.曼彻斯特大学的研究优势横跨物理科学、工程、生命科学、医学、人文、商学与社会科学等领域，分布于其三个学部。
• The university runs a large international foundation and exchange programme and hosts students from more than 150 countries, giving Manchester one of the most diverse student bodies in the United Kingdom.该校设有庞大的国际预科与交换项目，学生来自 150 多个国家，使曼彻斯特拥有英国最多元的学生群体之一。
• Its Dalton Nuclear Institute and the Photon Science Institute are examples of its major cross disciplinary research platforms.道尔顿核研究所与光子科学研究所，是其大型跨学科研究平台的代表。
• The university maintains institutes in biotechnology, cancer sciences, cardiovascular science and materials that translate research into clinical and industrial use, supported by major grant funding.该校设有生物技术、癌症科学、心血管科学与材料等研究所，在重大科研经费的支持下，将研究成果转化为临床与工业应用。
• The National Graphene Institute and the Graphene Engineering and Innovation Centre at Manchester lead research into the two-dimensional material that was first isolated there in 2004.曼彻斯特的国家石墨烯研究院与石墨烯工程与创新中心，主导着对 2004 年在此首次分离出的二维材料的研究。
• Manchester was the birthplace of chemical engineering, and its Faculty of Science and Engineering continues research across materials, energy, computing and physics.曼彻斯特是化学工程的发源地，其科学与工程学部持续在材料、能源、计算与物理等领域开展研究。
• The John Rylands Library, opened in 1900 by Enriqueta Rylands, holds about 1.4 million items including the oldest known fragment of the New Testament.约翰·赖兰兹图书馆由恩里凯塔·赖兰兹于 1900 年创建，馆藏约 140 万件，其中包括已知最古老的《新约》残片。
• Manchester Museum, the largest university museum in the United Kingdom, cares for more than four million objects, while the Whitworth art gallery is its public gallery set in a park.曼彻斯特博物馆是全英最大的大学博物馆，藏品逾四百万件；惠特沃斯艺术馆则是其坐落于公园中的公共画廊。

Campus

• The main campus lies on Oxford Road in the heart of Manchester, forming the largest single site university estate in the United Kingdom.主校区位于曼彻斯特市中心的牛津路，是英国最大的单一校址大学园区。
• The campus is concentrated around the Sackville Street and Oxford Road buildings linked by pedestrian routes and the students union complex.校区以萨克维尔街与牛津路的建筑群为核心，由步道与学生会综合体相连。
• Jodrell Bank Observatory is situated in Cheshire, about 32 kilometres south of Manchester, and houses the 76 metre Lovell Telescope.焦德雷班克天文台位于曼彻斯特以南约 32 公里的柴郡，设有 76 米的洛弗尔望远镜。
• The historic John Owens Building and the Whitworth Hall are prominent Victorian buildings at the heart of the Oxford Road campus.具有历史意义的约翰·欧文斯楼与惠特沃斯礼堂，是牛津路校区核心的维多利亚式建筑。
• The John Rylands Library on Deansgate is a neo Gothic landmark housing rare books and the university's special collections.位于迪恩斯盖特的约翰·赖兰兹图书馆是一座哥特复兴式地标，藏有珍本与该校的特藏。
• Student villages such as Fallowfield and Victoria Park provide thousands of residences a short bus ride from the main teaching campus, alongside halls of residence and private flats.法洛菲尔德与维多利亚公园等学生生活区，连同学生宿舍与私人公寓，提供数千个床位，距主教学校区仅一小段公交路程。
• The campus coordinates at Oxford Road are approximately 53.48095 degrees north and 2.23743 degrees west.牛津路校区坐标约为北纬 53.48095 度、西经 2.23743 度。
• The university's estates include libraries, museums such as the Manchester Museum, sports facilities and the contact theatre complex.该校的校园资产包括图书馆、曼彻斯特博物馆等场馆、体育设施以及接触剧院综合体。
• Jodrell Bank Observatory, part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, also hosts the headquarters of the Square Kilometre Array Observatory, and the site has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2019.焦德雷班克天文台隶属焦德雷班克天体物理中心，同时是平方公里阵列天文台的总部所在地，该址自 2019 年起被列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the University of Manchester placed 40th in the world.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，曼彻斯特大学位列全球第 40 位。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 placed the university 60th in the world.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将该校列为全球第 60 位。
• In the Academic Ranking of World Universities of 2026 the university was placed 51st in the world.在 2026 年世界大学学术排名中，该校位居全球第 51 位。
• The U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking for 2026 to 2027 placed Manchester 68th in the world.2026 至 2027 年版美国新闻与世界报道最佳全球大学排名将曼彻斯特大学列为全球第 68 位。
• Twenty-six Nobel Laureates are associated with the university, including recipients in physics, chemistry, medicine and economics.与该校相关的二十六位诺贝尔奖得主，涵盖物理、化学、医学与经济等领域。
• The OpenAlex database attributes 326,448 works to the university with 31,758,438 citations, underlining its research scale.OpenAlex 数据库为曼彻斯特大学收录 326,448 篇学术成果，被引 31,758,438 次，足见其研究规模。
• In the 2021 Research Excellence Framework a high proportion of the university's research was judged to be world leading or internationally excellent.在 2021 年卓越研究框架中，该校极高比例的研究被评定为世界领先或国际卓越。
• The university has been ranked first in the United Kingdom for employability by several major national graduate surveys, and its graduates are heavily recruited by employers across the world.在多项主要的英国毕业生调查中，该校的就业能力排名位居英国第一，其毕业生深受全球雇主青睐。
• Manchester is consistently placed among the top universities in the world for the breadth and impact of its research output, and it holds one of the largest research incomes of any British university.就研究的广度与影响力而言，曼彻斯特大学长期位居世界顶尖大学之列，其研究收入在英国大学中位居前列。
• Manchester was the only university in the world to rank in the top ten for its contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals in every year of the Times Higher Education impact ratings up to 2025, reflecting its emphasis on social responsibility.在泰晤士高等教育影响力排名中，截至 2025 年，曼彻斯特大学是每年都在可持续发展目标贡献上位列世界前十的唯一一所大学，体现了其对社会责任的重视。

Student life

• The motto of the university is Cognitio, Sapientia, Humanitas, a Latin phrase meaning knowledge, wisdom and humanity.该校校训为拉丁文「Cognitio，Sapientia，Humanitas」，意为「知识、智慧与人性」。
• The Students Union is one of the largest in the country and runs more than three hundred clubs and societies.该校学生会是全国规模最大的之一，运营着三百多个社团与学会。
• The university celebrates its bicentenary and founding traditions each year with events marking the 1824 origins of the Mechanics Institution.该校每年以纪念 1824 年机械学社起源的活动，庆祝其两百周年与创校传统。
• Inter-hall sporting rivalry and the annual athletic competition are highlights of student life, and the university fields teams in many sports against other British universities.宿舍间的体育对抗与年度田径竞赛，是学生生活的亮点，该校还在多项运动项目中与其他英国大学组队竞技。
• The Manchester Museum, the Whitworth art gallery and the Contact theatre are cultural venues open to students and the public, staging exhibitions, performances and festivals throughout the year.曼彻斯特博物馆、惠特沃斯艺术馆与接触剧院，是面向学生与公众开放的文化场所，全年上演展览、演出与节庆活动。
• The students union complex provides bars, shops, a theatre, restaurants and meeting spaces at the centre of campus life, and it is one of the largest in the country.学生会综合体设有酒吧、商店、剧院、餐厅与聚会空间，处于校园生活的中心，其规模位居全英最大之列。
• Manchester's status as a music and cultural city, with venues such as the Manchester Academy and the Bridgewater Hall, enriches student life well beyond the campus boundaries.曼彻斯特作为音乐与文化之都的地位，拥有曼彻斯特学院与布里奇沃特音乐厅等场馆，极大丰富了超出校园边界的学生生活。
• International students form a large and active community, supported by dedicated advice teams within the students union.国际学生构成庞大而活跃的群体，并由学生会内专门的咨询团队提供支持。

Notable people

• John Owens, the industrialist whose 1846 legacy founded Owens College, is honoured as a founding benefactor of the university.以其 1846 年遗赠创立欧文斯学院的工业家约翰·欧文斯，被尊为该校的创校捐助者。
• Ernest Rutherford, who worked at Manchester, was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on radioactivity and the atom.曾在曼彻斯特工作的欧内斯特·卢瑟福，因放射性与原子方面的研究获 1908 年诺贝尔化学奖。
• Alan Turing, the computing pioneer based at the university, formulated the 1950 Turing Test and shaped modern computer science.在该校任职的计算学先驱艾伦·图灵，于 1950 年提出图灵测试，并塑造了现代计算机科学。
• William Arthur Lewis, a Manchester professor, was awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize in Economics for his work on economic development.曼彻斯特教授威廉·阿瑟·刘易斯，因经济发展研究获 1979 年诺贝尔经济学奖。
• Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, Manchester researchers, shared the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics for isolating graphene.曼彻斯特研究者安德烈·海姆与康斯坦丁·诺沃肖洛夫，因分离出石墨烯而共获 2010 年诺贝尔物理学奖。
• James Chadwick, who worked at Manchester under Ernest Rutherford, was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron.曾在曼彻斯特师从卢瑟福的詹姆斯·查德威克，因发现中子而获 1935 年诺贝尔物理学奖。
• Niels Bohr, associated with the university in his early career, was awarded the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics for his atomic model.早年与该校相关的尼尔斯·玻尔，因原子模型获 1922 年诺贝尔物理学奖。
• J.J. Thomson, linked to the Manchester scientific community, was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for studying the electron.与曼彻斯特科学界相关的 J.J. 汤姆孙，因研究电子获 1906 年诺贝尔物理学奖。
• Sir Bernard Lovell, the astronomer who built the Lovell Telescope at Jodrell Bank, led British radio astronomy from Manchester.在焦德雷班克建造洛弗尔望远镜的天文学家伯纳德·洛弗尔爵士，在曼彻斯特领导了英国的射电天文学。
• Christabel Pankhurst, a law alumna, was a leading suffragette whose campaigns helped secure votes for women in 1918.法学校友克里斯塔贝尔·潘克赫斯特是妇女参政运动的领袖，其运动促成 1918 年女性获得投票权。
• John Sulston, who shared the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his role in sequencing the human genome, later held a chair at the university's Institute of Science, Ethics and Innovation.因参与人类基因组测序而共获 2002 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的约翰·萨尔斯顿，后来在曼彻斯特大学的科学、伦理与创新研究所任讲座教授。