Texas A&M University

Texas A&M University, often abbreviated as Texas A&M or TAMU, is a public land-grant research university in College Station, Texas, United States, founded in 1876 as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas and named the flagship of the Texas A&M University System in 1948.德克萨斯农工大学（Texas A&M University，常缩写为 Texas A&M 或 TAMU）是位于美国德克萨斯州大学城的一所公立赠地研究型大学，1876 年以德克萨斯农业与机械学院之名创办，1948 年成为德克萨斯农工大学系统的旗舰学府。

It is classified among universities with very high research activity and has been a member of the Association of American Universities since 2001, and since 2021 it has enrolled the largest student body in the United States.该校被归类为研究活动极活跃的大学，自 2001 年起成为美国大学协会成员，并且自 2021 年以来在校学生规模居全美之首。

History

• The university traces its origins to the Morrill Act passed by the U.S. Congress in 1862, which granted public lands to establish colleges teaching agriculture, mechanical arts and military tactics.该校的源头可追溯至 1862 年美国国会通过的《莫里尔法案》，该法案拨出公共土地，用于建立教授农业、机械工艺与军事战术的学院。

• In 1871 the Texas Legislature used those funds to establish the state's first public institution of higher education, the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, on 2,416 acres donated by Brazos County near Bryan.1871 年，德克萨斯州议会利用这笔资金创办了该州第一所公立高等教育机构德克萨斯农业与机械学院，校址位于布拉索斯县在布赖恩附近捐出的 2416 英亩土地上。

• Classes were scheduled to begin on 2 October 1876, but only six students enrolled on the first day, so teaching officially started on 4 October with six faculty members and forty students.学校原定 1876 年 10 月 2 日开学，但开学首日仅有六名学生注册，因此教学于 10 月 4 日正式开始，当时有六名教师与四十名学生。

• Admission was limited to white males who were required to join the Corps of Cadets and receive military training.当时招生仅限白人男性，且学生必须加入学员团并接受军事训练。

• The college originally taught no agriculture or engineering, concentrating instead on classical studies, languages, literature and applied mathematics, but it later began to offer degrees in scientific agriculture and in civil and mechanical engineering.学院最初并不教授农业或工程，而是专注于古典学、语言、文学与应用数学，后来才开始授予科学农业以及土木与机械工程的学位。

• Enrollment grew to 258 in 1881 but fell to 108 in 1883, the year the University of Texas opened in Austin.在校人数 1881 年增至 258 人，1883 年却降至 108 人，同年德克萨斯大学在奥斯汀开办。

• In 1891 the college was saved from closure by its new president Lawrence Sullivan Ross, a former governor of Texas, who installed running water and permanent dormitories and doubled enrollment to 467 cadets.1891 年，新任校长、前德克萨斯州州长劳伦斯·沙利文·罗斯使学院免于关闭，他铺设了自来水与永久性宿舍，使在校学员人数翻倍至 467 人。

• Many traditions began under Ross, including the first Aggie Ring, the senior class ring, and a statue of him was erected in 1918 in front of what is now the Academic Plaza.许多传统在罗斯任内形成，其中包括最早的毕业戒指（Aggie Ring）；1918 年，人们还在今天的学术广场前为他立起一座雕像。

• Although women were at first admitted only as special students and could not seek degrees, Ethel Hudson became the first woman to take classes in 1893, and her sisters Sophie and Mary followed in 1899.尽管女性起初只能作为特殊学生听课而无法攻读学位，埃塞尔·哈德森仍于 1893 年成为首位听课的女性，她的姐妹索菲与玛丽也在 1899 年相继入学。

• In 1911, under pressure from the Texas Legislature, the college allowed women to attend classes during the summer semester.1911 年，在德克萨斯州议会的压力下，学院允许女性在暑期学期听课。

• The School of Veterinary Medicine was established in 1915, expanding the college's academic offerings.兽医学院于 1915 年设立，学院的学科设置由此扩展。

• By 1918, forty-nine per cent of all Aggies were in military service during World War I, a higher proportion than at any other American college or university, and the entire senior class enlisted in September 1918.到 1918 年，该校有百分之四十九的学生在第一次世界大战期间服役，比例高于美国任何其他高校；1918 年 9 月，整个毕业班集体入伍。

• The first graduate school was organised in 1924, the first doctorate was awarded in 1940, and in 1925 Mary Evelyn Crawford Locke became the first woman to receive a diploma, though she was not allowed to attend the ceremony.学校于 1924 年设立首个研究生院，1940 年授予首个博士学位；1925 年玛丽·伊夫琳·克劳福德·洛克成为首位获得文凭的女性，但不被允许出席典礼。

• During World War II the college trained 20,229 combat troops, of whom 14,123 alumni served as officers, more than the combined total of the United States Naval Academy and the United States Military Academy.第二次世界大战期间，学院培训了 20229 名作战部队人员，其中 14123 名校友担任军官，人数超过美国海军学院与美国军事学院的合计。

• In 1948 the state legislature made the College Station campus the flagship of a new system of universities, the Texas A&M University System.1948 年，州议会将大学城校区定为一个新大学系统德克萨斯农工大学系统的旗舰。

• On 1 July 1959 Major General James Earl Rudder, of the class of 1932, became the sixteenth president of the college.1959 年 7 月 1 日，1932 届校友、少将詹姆斯·厄尔·拉德成为学院第十六任校长。

• In 1963 the Texas Legislature renamed the college Texas A&M University, retaining the letters A and M as a tribute to its former designation, and membership in the Corps of Cadets became voluntary.1963 年，德克萨斯州议会将学院更名为德克萨斯农工大学，保留 A 与 M 两个字母以纪念其旧名，学员团的成员资格也改为自愿参加。

• Under Rudder the college desegregated, became coeducational, and by his death in 1970 had grown from 7,500 to 14,000 students drawn from all fifty states and seventy-five other nations.在拉德任内，学院取消了种族隔离并开始招收女生；到 1970 年他去世时，学生规模已从 7500 人增至 14000 人，来自全部五十个州与七十五个国家。

• Texas A&M became one of the first four universities designated a sea-grant institution in 1971, and in 1989 it earned the space-grant title from NASA.1971 年，德克萨斯农工大学成为首批四所获海洋赠地资格的大学之一；1989 年，它又获得美国航空航天局授予的太空赠地称号。

• In 1997 the university opened the Bush School of Government and Public Service and the George H. W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum, one of fifteen American presidential libraries.1997 年，学校设立布什政府与公共服务学院，并开放乔治·赫伯特·沃克·布什总统图书馆与博物馆，这是美国十五座总统图书馆之一。

• Texas A&M was admitted to the Association of American Universities in May 2001, merged the Texas A&M Health Science Center into the university in July 2013, and acquired the Texas Wesleyan University School of Law the following month.德克萨斯农工大学于 2001 年 5 月加入美国大学协会，2013 年 7 月将德克萨斯农工健康科学中心并入本校，并于次月接收德克萨斯卫斯理大学法学院。

Academics

• Texas A&M is part of the Texas A&M University System, which consists of twelve universities, eight state agencies and the RELLIS Campus.德克萨斯农工大学是德克萨斯农工大学系统的一部分，该系统包含十二所大学、八个州属机构与 RELLIS 校区。

• The system is governed by a ten-member Board of Regents, nine of whom are appointed by the Governor of Texas to six-year terms.该系统由十人组成的校董会治理，其中九人由德克萨斯州州长任命，任期六年。

• The university is led by a president with executive responsibility, while the provost is responsible for all educational and service activities and reports to the president.学校由承担行政职责的校长领导，教务长负责全部教学与服务事务并向校长汇报。

• The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and offers degrees in 130 courses of study through 17 colleges, with more than 260 professional and graduate degrees.学校获南方院校协会认证，通过 17 个学院在 130 个学科方向授予学位，并提供 260 多个专业与研究生学位。

• Its colleges and schools include the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, the College of Architecture, the College of Arts and Sciences and Mays Business School.其学院与学校包括农业与生命科学学院、建筑学院、文理学院与梅斯商学院。

• Other units include the College of Dentistry, the College of Education and Human Development, the College of Engineering and the School of Engineering Medicine.其他单位还包括牙科学院、教育与人类发展学院、工程学院与工程医学学院。

• The Bush School of Government and Public Service, the School of Law, the College of Marine Sciences and Maritime Studies and the College of Medicine form further academic units.布什政府与公共服务学院、法学院、海洋科学与海事研究学院以及医学院构成另外的学术单位。

• The College of Nursing, the College of Performance, Visualization and Fine Arts, the College of Pharmacy and the School of Public Health are also part of the university.护理学院、表演视觉与美术学院、药学院与公共卫生学院也属于该校。

• The College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, whose scientists created the first cloned pet, a cat named cc, in 2001, is another of its colleges.兽医学与生物医学学院是该校的又一学院，其科学家于 2001 年培育出世界上第一只克隆宠物，那是一只名为 cc 的猫。

• As of the autumn of 2021 Texas A&M was the largest American university, enrolling 72,982 students in 17 academic colleges.截至 2021 年秋季，德克萨斯农工大学是全美规模最大的大学，在 17 个学院注册学生 72982 人。

• The student body comes from all fifty states and more than 120 other countries, with Texas residents forming 86 per cent of the population and international students 7.42 per cent.学生来自全部五十个州与 120 多个国家，其中德州本地学生占 86%，国际学生占 7.42%。

• The student body is 52.9 per cent male and 47.1 per cent female, and members of ethnic minority groups make up 42.2 per cent of the population.学生中男性占 52.9%，女性占 47.1%，少数族裔学生占 42.2%。

• The university has a student-to-teacher ratio of about 19 to 1 and a freshman retention rate of 92 per cent.学校师生比约为 19 比 1，新生保留率为 92%。

• In 2021 the National Science Foundation ranked Texas A&M sixteenth among American universities for research and development spending, at 1.14 billion dollars.2021 年，美国国家科学基金会在研发支出上将德克萨斯农工大学列为美国大学第十六位，金额达 11.4 亿美元。

• Its research entities include the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, the Texas Transportation Institute, the Cyclotron Institute and the Institute of Biosciences and Technology.其研究机构包括哈格勒高等研究院、德克萨斯交通研究所、回旋加速器研究所与生物科学与技术研究所。

• The university joined a consortium in 2004 to build the Giant Magellan Telescope in Chile, which on completion will be the largest optical telescope ever constructed.该校于 2004 年加入一个联合体，在智利建造巨型麦哲伦望远镜，建成后将是人类建造过的最大光学望远镜。

• In 2013 geography researchers named the largest volcano on Earth, Tamu Massif, after the university.2013 年，地理研究人员将地球上最大的火山命名为塔穆海山，以纪念该校。

Campus

• The College Station campus spans 5,200 acres and the adjoining Research Park covers a further 350 acres.大学城主校区占地 5200 英亩，毗邻的研究园另有 350 英亩。

• The university lies in the Bryan–College Station metropolitan area of Brazos County, in the Brazos Valley region of central Texas, an area often called Aggieland.学校位于德克萨斯州中部布拉索斯河谷的布拉索斯县布赖恩与大学城都会区，这一带常被称作 Aggie 之乡。

• The campus is bisected by a railroad track operated by Union Pacific, and the area east of the tracks is known as the main campus.校区被一条由联合太平洋公司运营的铁路一分为二，铁路以东的区域称为主校区。

• The main campus includes buildings for engineering, architecture, geosciences, science, education and liberal arts, together with dormitories and the main dining centres.主校区包括工程、建筑、地球科学、理学、教育与文理各学院的建筑，以及宿舍与主要食堂。

• Notable buildings on the main campus include Kyle Field, the Sterling C. Evans Library, the Academic Building, the Memorial Student Center, Rudder Tower and the Bonfire Memorial.主校区的著名建筑包括凯尔球场、斯特林·埃文斯图书馆、学术大楼、纪念学生中心、拉德塔与篝火纪念碑。

• To the west of the railroad tracks lies West Campus, which contains most of the sports facilities, the business school, agricultural programmes and the veterinary college.铁路以西是西校区，集中了大部分体育设施、商学院、农业项目与兽医学院。

• The George H. W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum is located on the main campus, and the former president remained actively involved with the university until his death in 2018.乔治·赫伯特·沃克·布什总统图书馆与博物馆位于主校区，这位前总统直到 2018 年去世前都与学校保持密切往来。

• The Century Tree is a campus landmark whose limbs have grown across a walkway and which is subject to several student traditions.世纪之树是校区地标，其枝干横跨一条步道，并衍生出若干学生传统。

• Besides the College Station main campus, the university formally includes branch campuses at Galveston, at McAllen and at Education City in Al Rayyan, Qatar.除大学城主校区外，学校还正式设有加尔维斯顿、麦卡伦以及卡塔尔赖扬教育城等分校区。

• The Galveston branch is dedicated to marine research and hosts the Texas A&M Maritime Academy, while the Qatar branch is dedicated to engineering disciplines.加尔维斯顿分校专注于海洋研究并设德克萨斯农工海事学院，卡塔尔分校则专注于工程学科。

• Texas A&M Health maintains several health science centres away from College Station, including the School of Engineering Medicine in Houston and the School of Dentistry in Dallas.德克萨斯农工健康在大学城以外设有多个健康科学中心，包括休斯敦的工程医学学院与达拉斯的牙科学院。

• The Texas A&M School of Law, formerly the Texas Wesleyan University School of Law, is located in Fort Worth.德克萨斯农工法学院前身为德克萨斯卫斯理大学法学院，位于沃思堡。

• The university also owns a multipurpose centre in Mexico City, a research and education centre in Costa Rica and a study abroad centre in Castiglion Fiorentino, Italy.学校还在墨西哥城设有一个多功能中心，在哥斯达黎加设有一处研究与教育中心，并在意大利的卡斯蒂利翁菲奥伦蒂诺设有一个海外学习中心。

Reputation

• Texas A&M is consistently ranked among the leading public universities in the United States.德克萨斯农工大学一贯被列为美国领先的公立大学之一。

• In the 2021 Academic Ranking of World Universities it was placed 57th nationally and 151st internationally.在 2021 年世界大学学术排名中，它位列美国国内第 57、世界第 151。

• The 2021–2022 QS World University Rankings placed the university 168th in the world, and the Times Higher Education ranked it 61st in North America.2021 至 2022 年 QS 世界大学排名将其列为世界第 168，泰晤士高等教育则将其列为北美第 61。

• The Center for World University Rankings placed Texas A&M 74th globally and 41st nationally in 2022, while U.S. News placed it 68th nationally and 130th globally.世界大学排名中心在 2022 年将其列为全球第 74、美国第 41；《美国新闻与世界报道》则将其列为美国第 68、全球第 130。

• In 2021 the Washington Monthly ranked Texas A&M 21st nationally, and Forbes rated it the 17th best public university and 50th overall in the country.2021 年，《华盛顿月刊》将其列为美国第 21；《福布斯》则将其评为全美最佳公立大学第 17、综合第 50。

• After surveying leading employment recruiters, the Wall Street Journal ranked Texas A&M second nationally for helping students land jobs in key careers.在调查主要招聘方后，《华尔街日报》将德克萨斯农工大学列为全美第二、最有助于学生在关键职业领域就业的大学。

• As of 2017 Best Value Schools rated Texas A&M first in the nation as the best college for military veterans, based on return on investment.截至 2017 年，Best Value Schools 依据投资回报将德克萨斯农工大学评为全美最适合退伍军人的大学第一名。

• The Texas A&M University System has an endowment valued at more than 19.2 billion dollars, the second highest among American public universities.德克萨斯农工大学系统的捐赠基金价值超过 192 亿美元，在美国公立大学中位居第二。

• Part of the system's funding comes from the Texas Permanent University Fund, in which it holds a one-third stake and whose net assets were about 30 billion dollars in 2021.系统的一部分经费来自德克萨斯永久大学基金，该系统在其中持有三分之一份额，该基金 2021 年的净资产约为 300 亿美元。

• Texas A&M had over 900 patents and 1,500 patent applications relating to a portfolio of more than 2,600 inventions, filing more than 50 patents a year on average.德克萨斯农工大学拥有 900 多项专利与 1500 项专利申请，涉及 2600 多项发明，平均每年提交 50 多项专利。

• In 2019 the university enrolled the seventh-highest number of National Merit scholars in the United States and the third-highest among public universities.2019 年，该校招收的美国国家优秀学者人数在全美位列第七，在公立大学中位列第三。

Student life

• Texas A&M is one of six United States senior military colleges and its Corps of Cadets, with more than 2,500 members, is the largest uniformed student body outside the service academies.德克萨斯农工大学是美国六所高级军事院校之一，其学员团有 2500 多名成员，是军校之外规模最大的穿制服学生团体。

• Members of the Corps have served in every armed conflict fought by the United States since 1876, and more than 285 alumni have served as generals or flag officers.学员团成员参加过 1876 年以来美国参与的每一场武装冲突，已有 285 名以上校友晋升为将官或旗官。

• Until 1965 Corps membership was mandatory, and the Corps began accepting female members in the autumn of 1974.1965 年以前学员团成员资格为强制要求，1974 年秋季学员团开始接纳女性成员。

• The Fightin' Texas Aggie Band is the nation's largest precision military marching band, and the Fish Drill Team, formed entirely of Corps freshmen, has won the national championship almost every year since 1946.战斗的德克萨斯 Aggie 乐队是全国规模最大的精确队列军乐队，完全由学员团新生组成的操枪队自 1946 年以来几乎每年都赢得全国冠军。

• Texas A&M students are collectively called the 12th Man at sporting events, and it is traditional for students to stand throughout a game.在体育赛事中，德克萨斯农工大学的学生被统称为第十二人；学生全程站立观赛是一项传统。

• Each year the student body elects five Yell Leaders, and at midnight before each home football game fans gather for Midnight Yell Practice.每年学生都会选出五名呐喊队长；每场主场橄榄球赛前的午夜，球迷会聚集参加午夜呐喊练习。

• Aggie Muster is a ceremony of remembrance held annually on 21 April to honour current and former students who died in the previous year.Aggie 追思会每年 4 月 21 日举行，用以纪念上一年去世的在校生与校友。

• Students who die while enrolled are honoured at Silver Taps, held on the first Tuesday of the month, when lights are extinguished and six buglers play from the Academic Building.在校期间去世的学生会在银号仪式上受到追悼，仪式在每月第一个星期二举行，届时灯光熄灭，六名号手在学术大楼上吹奏。

• Almost every year since 1909 students have built a large bonfire to mark their rivalry with the University of Texas, though its collapse in 1999 killed twelve people and led the university to withdraw official sanction.自 1909 年以来，学生几乎每年都搭建大型篝火，以纪念与德克萨斯大学的竞争；但 1999 年篝火坍塌造成十二人死亡，学校随后取消了官方认可。

• Texas A&M has more than 1,000 student organisations and hosts 58 nationally or internationally recognised Greek letter organisations.德克萨斯农工大学有 1000 多个学生组织，并设有 58 个全国性或国际性认可的希腊字母组织。

• Undergraduate and graduate students wear an Aggie Ring whose design has changed little since 1894.本科生与研究生都会佩戴毕业戒指，其设计自 1894 年以来几乎没有改变。

• About 20 per cent of the student body lives on campus, mainly in residence halls in the Northside and Southside areas.约百分之二十的学生住在校内，主要分布在北区与南区的宿舍楼。

• The university houses three public broadcasting stations, including KAMU-TV, a PBS member since 1970, and KAMU-FM, an NPR affiliate since 1977.学校设有三个公共广播电台，包括 1970 年成为 PBS 成员的 KAMU-TV，以及 1977 年成为 NPR 附属台的 KAMU-FM。

Notable people

• Texas A&M has one of the largest alumni groups in America, with over 508,000 former students.德克萨斯农工大学拥有美国规模最大的校友群体之一，校友超过 50.8 万人。

• Jorge Quiroga and Martín Torrijos served as presidents of Bolivia and Panama respectively, while Rick Perry was governor of Texas and United States secretary of energy.豪尔赫·基罗加与马丁·托里霍斯分别担任玻利维亚与巴拿马总统，里克·佩里则曾任德克萨斯州州长与美国能源部长。

• Three alumni, William Pailes, Michael Fossum and Steven Swanson, became NASA astronauts, and Holly Ridings became the first female chief flight director at NASA.校友威廉·佩尔斯、迈克尔·福萨姆与史蒂文·斯旺森成为美国航空航天局宇航员，霍莉·赖丁斯则成为该局首位女性首席飞行主任。

• Notable faculty have included eight Nobel laureates, among them Derek Barton, Sheldon Glashow, Robert Grubbs, Dudley Herschbach, Jack Kilby, David Lee and Vernon Smith.著名教师中曾有八位诺贝尔奖得主，包括德里克·巴顿、谢尔登·格拉肖、罗伯特·格拉布斯、达德利·赫施巴赫、杰克·基尔比、戴维·李与弗农·史密斯。

• Norman Borlaug, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, is one of only five people to have won both the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal.诺贝尔和平奖得主诺曼·布劳格是仅有的五位同时获得总统自由勋章与国会金质勋章的人之一。

• U.S. Senator Phil Gramm taught economics at the university, and Bjarne Stroustrup, the creator of the C++ programming language, taught computer science there.美国参议员菲尔·格拉姆曾在该校教授经济学，C++ 程序语言的创造者比亚内·斯特劳斯特鲁普曾在该校教授计算机科学。

• Robert Gates served as president of the university between directing the Central Intelligence Agency and becoming the twenty-second United States secretary of defense.罗伯特·盖茨在执掌中央情报局之后、出任美国第二十二任国防部长之前，曾任该校校长。

• Alumni in business include Khalid Al-Falih, former president of Saudi Aramco, George Mitchell, chairman of Mitchell Energy, and Lowry Mays, chairman of Clear Channel Communications.商界校友包括沙特阿美前总裁哈立德·法利赫、米切尔能源公司董事长乔治·米切尔与清晰频道通信公司董事长劳里·梅斯。