Technische Universität Berlin

Technische Universität Berlin, usually known as TU Berlin, is a public research university in Berlin, Germany, and was the first German university to adopt the name Technische Universität, meaning university of technology.柏林工业大学（简称 TU Berlin）是一所位于德国柏林的公立研究型大学，也是德国第一所以“工业大学”之名命名的高校。

Its predecessor institutions reach back to 1770, it teaches some 35,570 students, places joint 158th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings and counts ten Nobel laureates among its alumni and staff.其前身可追溯至 1770 年，在校学生约 35570 人，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列第 158，其校友与教师中有十位诺贝尔奖得主。

History

• Its earliest predecessor, the Royal Mining Academy of Berlin, was created in 1770 by the geologist Carl Abraham Gerhard at the request of King Frederick the Great.最早的前身柏林皇家矿业学院于 1770 年由地质学家卡尔·亚伯拉罕·格哈德奉腓特烈大帝之命创办。

• The Royal Building Academy, or Bauakademie, was founded in 1799, and the Royal Trade Academy in 1827.皇家建筑学院（Bauakademie）创办于 1799 年，皇家商业学院则创办于 1827 年。

• On 1 April 1879 the Royal Technical Academy of Berlin came into being through the merger of the Royal Trade Academy and the Royal Building Academy, two institutions of the Prussian state.1879 年 4 月 1 日，普鲁士国家的皇家商业学院与皇家建筑学院合并，成立柏林皇家技术学院。

• In 1899 it became the first polytechnic in Germany to award doctorates as a standard degree, owing to the efforts of professors Alois Riedler and Adolf Slaby.1899 年，在教授阿洛伊斯·里德勒（Alois Riedler）与阿道夫·斯拉比（Adolf Slaby）的推动下，学校成为德国第一所可授予博士学位的理工学院。

• In 1916 the Royal Mining Academy, founded in 1770, was incorporated as the department of mining, having earlier been overseen by the Frederick William University.1916 年，创办于 1770 年的皇家矿业学院并入学校，成为采矿系，此前它一度归腓特烈·威廉大学管辖。

• After Charlottenburg was absorbed into Greater Berlin in 1920 and Germany became a republic, the institution was renamed the Technical College of Berlin.1920 年夏洛滕堡并入大柏林、德国成为共和国之后，学校更名为柏林技术学院。

• In 1927 the department of geodesy of the Agricultural College of Berlin was incorporated into the Technical College.1927 年，柏林农学院的测量系并入该技术学院。

• During the 1930s a large campus expansion along an east-west axis was begun as part of state building plans, including a new faculty of defence technology, but construction was left unfinished when war broke out in 1939.20 世纪 30 年代，学校按国家建设规划沿东西轴线大规模扩建校园，包括新建一所国防技术学院，但随着 1939 年战争爆发，工程未能完工。

• The north section of the main building was destroyed in a bombing raid in November 1943.主楼北段在 1943 年 11 月的一次空袭中被毁。

• Teaching was suspended on 20 April 1945 because of the street fighting at the end of the Second World War.由于第二次世界大战末期的巷战，学校于 1945 年 4 月 20 日停止办学。

• Planning for the reopening began on 2 June 1945 under an acting rectorship led by Gustav Ludwig Hertz and Max Volmer.1945 年 6 月 2 日，在古斯塔夫·赫兹与马克斯·福尔默领导的代理校长会议主持下，学校着手筹备复课。

• Because Hertz and Volmer remained in exile in the Soviet Union, the college was not reopened until 9 April 1946, now under the name Technische Universität Berlin.由于赫兹与福尔默滞留苏联未归，学校直到 1946 年 4 月 9 日才重新开办，并启用柏林工业大学这一名称。

• As the first German university to carry the title Technische Universität, it gave its name to a whole category of institutions in the country.作为德国第一所以“工业大学”为名的高校，它为全国同类院校确立了一个类别名称。

• In 2002 the university was reorganised into seven faculties, replacing its earlier departmental structure and grouping its institutes under each faculty.2002 年，学校改组为七个学院，取代此前的系所结构，并把各研究所归入相应学院之下。

• Since 2009 it has hosted two Knowledge and Innovation Communities designated by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology.自 2009 年起，学校设有两个由欧洲创新与技术研究院认定的知识与创新社区。

• From 2012 to 2022 the university operated a satellite campus at El Gouna in Egypt, on the Red Sea, as a scientific and academic field office.2012 至 2022 年间，学校在埃及红海之滨的艾尔古纳设有卫星校区，作为科研与教学的实地机构。

• The university also franchises its Global Production Engineering course, called Global Production Engineering and Management, at the Vietnamese-German University in Ho Chi Minh City.学校还把其“全球生产工程”课程以“全球生产工程与管理”之名授权给胡志明市的越南-德国大学开设。

• Its official policy is that only the German name should be used abroad and that the name should not be translated into English.学校的官方政策是：在海外只使用德语校名，不将其译成英文。

• Alois Riedler, one of the figures behind its doctorate rights, was a proponent of practically oriented engineering education, a tradition the university still claims.推动学校获得博士学位授予权的阿洛伊斯·里德勒主张面向实践的工程教育，这一传统至今仍被学校所承继。

Academics

• Since 2002 the university has consisted of seven faculties: humanities and educational sciences, mathematics and natural sciences, process sciences, electrical engineering and computer science, mechanical engineering and transport systems, planning building environment, and economics and management.自 2002 年起，学校由七个学院组成：人文与教育科学、数学与自然科学、过程科学、电气工程与计算机科学、机械工程与交通系统、规划建筑环境以及经济与管理。

• Faculty I includes institutes of the history and philosophy of science, art history and historical urbanism, education, language and communication, and vocational education and work studies.第一学院下设科学史与科学哲学、艺术史与历史城市学、教育学、语言与传播以及职业教育与劳动研究等研究所。

• Faculty II includes the centre for astronomy and astrophysics and institutes of chemistry, solid-state physics, mathematics, optics and atomic physics, and theoretical physics.第二学院下设天文与天体物理中心，以及化学、固体物理、数学、光学与原子物理、理论物理等研究所。

• Faculty III covers biotechnology, energy technology, food technology and food chemistry, chemical and process engineering, environmental technology, and materials science and technology.第三学院涵盖生物技术、能源技术、食品技术与食品化学、化学与过程工程、环境技术以及材料科学与技术。

• Faculty IV includes institutes of energy and automation technology, high-frequency and semiconductor systems, telecommunication systems, computer engineering and microelectronics, and software engineering and theoretical computer science.第四学院下设能源与自动化技术、高频与半导体系统、通信系统、计算机工程与微电子，以及软件工程与理论计算机科学等研究所。

• Faculty V includes institutes of fluid mechanics and technical acoustics, psychology and ergonomics, land and sea transport systems, aeronautics and astronautics, and machine tools and factory management.第五学院下设流体力学与技术声学、心理学与工效学、陆海运输系统、航空与航天，以及机床与工厂管理等研究所。

• Faculty VI covers architecture, civil engineering, applied geosciences, geodesy and geoinformation science, landscape architecture and environmental planning, ecology, sociology, and urban and regional planning.第六学院涵盖建筑、土木工程、应用地球科学、测量与地理信息科学、景观建筑与环境规划、生态学、社会学以及城市与区域规划。

• Faculty VII comprises the Institute for Technology and Management, the Institute of Business Administration and the Institute of Economics and Law, together with the School of Education.第七学院由技术与管理研究所、工商管理研究所以及经济与法律研究所组成，并设有教育学院。

• It was the first university to offer a degree in industrial engineering and management, designed at the request of industrialists and first taught in the winter term of 1926-27.学校最早开设工业工程与管理学位，该学位应实业界之需设计，于 1926 至 1927 年冬季学期首次开课。

• In 2022 its budget was 659.3 million euros, and it employed 3,120 academic staff and 2,258 administrative staff.2022 年，学校预算为 6.593 亿欧元，聘有 3120 名学术人员与 2258 名行政人员。

• As of 2015 some 8,455 people worked at the university, among them 338 professors and 2,598 postgraduate researchers, supported by 2,651 student assistants.截至 2015 年，学校共有约 8455 名员工，其中包括 338 名教授与 2598 名研究生科研人员，另有 2651 名学生助教。

• It has one of the highest proportions of international students in Germany, almost 27 per cent in 2019.学校的国际学生比例在德国高校中位居前列，2019 年接近 27%。

• It is a member of TU9, the incorporated society of the largest and most notable German institutes of technology.学校是德国规模最大、最负盛名的理工学院联合组织 TU9 的成员。

• It also belongs to the Top International Managers in Engineering network and to the Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research.学校还是“欧洲顶尖工程管理者网络”与欧洲高等工程教育与研究院校会议的成员。

• The university libraries hold about 2.9 million volumes, and the common main library of TU Berlin and the Berlin University of the Arts opened in 2004.学校图书馆藏书约 290 万册，柏林工业大学与柏林艺术大学共用的新主图书馆于 2004 年启用。

• The economics and management library holds 340,000 volumes in the main building, while the mathematics library holds 60,000 volumes in the mathematics building.经济与管理图书馆设于主楼，藏书 34 万册；数学图书馆设于数学楼，藏书 6 万册。

• The institution forms part of the Berlin University Alliance and holds the title University of Excellence under the German Universities Excellence Initiative.学校是柏林大学联盟的成员，并在德国大学卓越计划中获得“卓越大学”称号。

• It offers courses in about ninety subjects across engineering, the natural sciences, planning, the humanities and economics, from bachelor's through doctoral level.学校在工程、自然科学、规划、人文与经济等领域约九十个专业中开设课程，培养层次从本科直至博士。

• It is home to two innovation centres designated by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, reflecting its role in applied research.学校设有两个由欧洲创新与技术研究院认定的创新中心，体现其在应用研究方面的作用。

• Geodesy, mining, materials science and process engineering have long been part of its teaching, alongside the architecture inherited from the Bauakademie.除承自建筑学院的建筑学外，测量、采矿、材料科学与过程工程也长期是其教学内容。

• Faculty I also houses the Center for Research on Antisemitism, the Center for Interdisciplinary Women's and Gender Studies and the Center for Cultural Studies on Science and Technology in China.第一学院还设有反犹主义研究中心、跨学科妇女与性别研究中心，以及中国科学技术文化研究中心。

Campus

• The university covers about 604,000 square metres distributed over various sites in Berlin, with the main campus in the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf borough.学校占地约 60.4 万平方米，分布于柏林多处，主校区位于夏洛滕堡-维尔默斯多夫区。

• Its seven faculties teach some 33,933 students in about ninety subjects.学校七个学院在约九十个专业中培养约 33933 名学生。

• The Telefunken high-rise is the tallest building on campus and serves as one of its landmarks, while the campus also contains separate buildings for chemistry and for the natural sciences.德律风根高层楼是校园内最高的建筑，也是学校的标志之一；校园内还分别设有化学楼与自然科学楼。

• The common main library shared with the Berlin University of the Arts is officially named the University Library of the TU Berlin and UdK.与柏林艺术大学共用的主图书馆正式名称为柏林工业大学与柏林艺术大学图书馆。

• Some of the former seventeen departmental libraries were merged into the new library, although several departments still retain libraries of their own.原十七个院系图书馆中的一部分并入了新图书馆，但仍有一些院系保留各自的图书馆。

• The library building was partly sponsored by Volkswagen, which is estimated to have met about ten per cent of the building costs.图书馆大楼曾获大众汽车资助，据估计其出资约占建造费用的十分之一。

• The main building stands in Charlottenburg, and its north section, destroyed in 1943, was rebuilt after the war, while the chemistry building and other institutes are spread across the surrounding district.主楼位于夏洛滕堡，其 1943 年被毁的北段在战后得以重建；化学楼与其他研究所则散布在周边城区。

• From 2012 to 2022 the El Gouna campus in Egypt on the Red Sea served as a scientific and academic field office, run as a non-profit public-private partnership.2012 至 2022 年间，位于埃及红海之滨的艾尔古纳校区作为科研与教学实地机构运作，采取非营利的公私合营模式。

• A franchise of its Global Production Engineering course is taught at the Vietnamese-German University in Ho Chi Minh City, extending its teaching beyond Germany.其“全球生产工程”课程以合作办学形式在胡志明市的越南-德国大学开设，使教学延伸到德国之外。

Reputation

• TU Berlin places joint 158th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, joint 171st in the 2027 Times Higher Education table and in the 201-300 band of the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities.柏林工业大学在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列第 158，2027 年泰晤士高等教育排名并列第 171，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名处于 201 至 300 区间。

• Within Germany it ranks eighth in the QS table and within the tenth to nineteenth range in the country in the Academic Ranking of World Universities.在德国国内，其 QS 名次为第八，在软科世界大学学术排名中位居全国第十至第十九之间。

• Measured by the number of top managers in the German economy, it ranked eleventh among German universities in 2019.以德国经济界高管数量衡量，学校 2019 年在德国高校中排名第十一。

• In the 2018 research report of the German Research Foundation it ranked 24th among German universities overall, ninth in the natural sciences and engineering, fourteenth in computer science and fifth in electrical engineering.在德国研究联合会 2018 年的科研报告中，其综合排名德国高校第 24，在自然科学与工程领域位列第九，计算机科学位列第十四，电气工程位列第五。

• In the 2017 Times Higher Education rankings it placed fortieth in engineering and technology and thirty-sixth in computer science.在 2017 年泰晤士高等教育学科排名中，其工程与技术位列第 40，计算机科学位列第 36。

• In 2016 it was ranked 35th in engineering and technology in the QS table, one of Germany's highest placed universities in that field.2016 年，其工程与技术学科在 QS 榜单中位列第 35，是德国该领域排名最高的高校之一。

• In statistics, operations research and mathematics it has also been among the highest placed German universities.在统计学、运筹学与数学方面，学校同样位居德国高校前列。

• Its alumni and staff include ten Nobel laureates, among them Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, Gustav Hertz, Eugene Wigner, Dennis Gabor, Wolfgang Paul and Ernst Ruska.其校友与教师中有十位诺贝尔奖得主，包括弗里茨·哈伯、卡尔·博施、古斯塔夫·赫兹、尤金·维格纳、丹尼斯·加博、沃尔夫冈·保罗与恩斯特·鲁斯卡。

• They also include Konrad Zuse, the creator of the first fully functional programmable computer, and two National Medal of Science laureates.他们中还包括首台可编程通用计算机的创造者康拉德·楚泽，以及两位美国国家科学奖章得主。

• Its research strengths in engineering, computer science and the natural sciences, together with its long record of industrial links, place it among the leading technical universities in Germany.学校在工程、计算机科学与自然科学方面的研究实力，加之长期的产业联系，使其位居德国顶尖工科院校之列。

Student life

• Its motto is the German phrase meaning we have the ideas for the future, for the benefit of society.学校校训为一句德语口号，意为“我们为未来提供构想，造福社会”。

• International student mobility is available through the ERASMUS programme and the Top Industrial Managers for Europe network, which links leading engineering schools.学生可通过 ERASMUS 项目与连接各顶尖工科院校的“欧洲顶尖工程管理者网络”参与国际交流。

• Almost 27 per cent of its students are international, one of the highest shares of any German university.学校近 27% 的学生来自海外，这一比例在德国高校中位居前列。

• The university employs about 2,651 student assistants and trains 126 apprentices.学校聘有约 2651 名学生助教，并培养 126 名学徒。

• The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy has labelled the university the Entrepreneurial University, reflecting its emphasis on start-ups and technology transfer.德国联邦经济与能源部将其称为“创业型大学”，体现学校对创业与技术转化的重视。

• Its students are concentrated in engineering, the natural sciences and planning, which shapes a strongly applied and design-oriented campus culture.学生主要集中在工程、自然科学与规划领域，形成了强调应用与设计的校园文化。

• Student life is shaped by Berlin itself, a capital with a dense concentration of universities, research institutes and engineering firms.学校的学生生活深受柏林这座城市影响，首都密集分布着高校、研究机构与工程企业。

• With its position in the Berlin University Alliance, students may take part in courses and research shared with the city's other major universities.依托柏林大学联盟的地位，学生可参与与市内其他主要高校共享的课程与研究。

Notable people

• Konrad Zuse designed the first modern computer and the first high-level programming language, and studied at the institution.康拉德·楚泽设计了首台现代计算机与第一种高级编程语言，并曾在该校学习。

• Fritz Haber received the 1918 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and Carl Bosch received the prize in 1931.弗里茨·哈伯获得 1918 年诺贝尔化学奖，卡尔·博施则于 1931 年获奖。

• Gustav Ludwig Hertz won the 1925 Nobel Prize in Physics and later helped lead the university's post-war reopening.古斯塔夫·赫兹获得 1925 年诺贝尔物理学奖，后来还参与主持学校的战后复课。

• Eugene Wigner and Dennis Gabor won Nobel Prizes in Physics in 1963 and 1971 respectively.尤金·维格纳与丹尼斯·加博分别获得 1963 年与 1971 年诺贝尔物理学奖。

• Wolfgang Paul won the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics, and Ernst Ruska received the 1986 prize for the electron microscope.沃尔夫冈·保罗获得 1989 年诺贝尔物理学奖，恩斯特·鲁斯卡则因电子显微镜获得 1986 年该奖。

• Wernher von Braun, an engineer, designed rockets for the United States space programme.工程师沃纳·冯·布劳恩曾为美国航天计划设计火箭。

• Karl Friedrich Schinkel, the architect, graduated from the Bauakademie, one of the university's predecessor institutions.建筑师卡尔·弗里德里希·申克尔毕业于学校的前身之一建筑学院。

• August Borsig, the industrialist, and Heinrich Nordhoff, the first chief executive of Volkswagen, are among its business alumni.实业家奥古斯特·博尔西希与大众汽车首任总裁海因里希·诺德霍夫，都是学校商界校友。

• Ludwig Wittgenstein, the philosopher, and Carl Dahlhaus, the musicologist, studied or taught at the institution.哲学家路德维希·维特根斯坦与音乐学家卡尔·达尔豪斯，都曾在该校学习或任教。

• Jan Czochralski, the chemist who devised a widely used method for growing single crystals, is also associated with the university.发明广泛使用的单晶生长方法的化学家扬·切赫拉尔斯基，也与学校有渊源。

• Diébédo Francis Kéré, the architect, and Thomas Dohmke, a former chief executive of GitHub, are among its more recent alumni.建筑师迪贝多·弗朗西斯·凯雷与 GitHub 前首席执行官 Thomas Dohmke，是学校较年轻的校友。

• Hermann Rietschel invented modern heating, ventilation and air conditioning, and Franz Reuleaux, often called the father of kinematics, also taught at the institution.赫尔曼·里切尔发明了现代供暖、通风与空调系统，常被称为运动学之父的弗朗茨·勒洛也曾在该校任教。

• Hans Geiger co-invented the detector component of the Geiger counter, and Arthur Korn was the inventor of the fax machine.汉斯·盖格参与发明了盖格计数器的探测部件，阿图尔·科恩则是传真机的发明者。

• Henri Coandă discovered the Coandă effect, while Hugo Junkers founded one of Germany's largest aircraft manufacturers and Kurt Tank designed the Fw 190 fighter.亨利·科安达发现了科安达效应，胡戈·容克斯创办了德国最大的飞机制造企业之一，库尔特·坦克则设计了 Fw 190 战斗机。

• Fritz Sennheiser founded the audio company Sennheiser, and Joachim Milberg served as chief executive of BMW.弗里茨·森海塞尔创办了音频企业森海塞尔，约阿希姆·米尔贝格曾任宝马首席执行官。

• Chaim Weizmann, the first president of Israel, and Ivan Stranski, a founder of crystal-growth research, are also associated with the university.以色列首任总统哈伊姆·魏茨曼，以及晶体生长研究的奠基者伊万·斯特兰斯基，也与学校有渊源。