Technical University of Sofia

Technical University of Sofia (Bulgarian: Технически университет – София) is Bulgaria's largest engineering university, a state-owned institution with academic self-governance at 8 Kliment Ohridski Boulevard in central Sofia.索菲亚技术大学（保加利亚语：Технически университет – София）是保加利亚规模最大的工程类大学，为拥有学术自治权的国立高校，校部位于索菲亚市中心克利门特·奥赫里德斯基大道8号。

Its lineage runs from an 1897 bequest for a higher technical school through the Higher Technical School of 1942 and the State Polytechnic of 1945 to its present name and university status in 1995.该校的谱系可追溯至1897年为创办高等技术学校而设的遗赠，历经1942年的高等技术学校与1945年的国立理工学院，至1995年改用现名并获得大学地位。

It teaches more than 10,000 Bulgarian students and nearly 1,000 foreign students in 17 faculties across five campuses, and in the 2027 rankings it sits in the QS 1401+ band and the THE 1801-2000 band, while remaining outside the 2026-27 U.S. News and 2026 ARWU main lists.该校在五个校区的17个学院中培养一万余名保加利亚学生与近千名留学生；在2027年榜单中处于QS 1401+并列区间与泰晤士高等教育1801至2000区间，同时未进入2026至2027年度U.S. News全球榜与2026年软科主榜。

History

• The story begins on 9 July 1897, when the will of the merchant Evlogi Georgiev left six million gold leva for a higher technical school that would serve the prosperity and greatness of Bulgaria.故事始于1897年7月9日，商人埃夫洛吉·格奥尔基耶夫的遗嘱留下600万金列弗，用于创办一所服务保加利亚繁荣与强盛的高等技术学校。
• In 1903 the education minister Ivan Shishmanov proposed a bill to interpret the Georgiev brothers' trust, but the funds were directed to a building for Sofia University instead of a technical school, prompting protests from engineers and architects.1903年，教育部长伊万·希什曼诺夫提出解释格奥尔基耶夫兄弟信托的法案，但资金被转用于索菲亚大学的一栋建筑而非技术学校，引发工程师与建筑师的抗议。
• A technical department was finally opened at Sofia University in 1907 with young Bulgarian engineers as private docents, but a student demonstration that year led to the university's closure and the dismissal of the new staff.1907年，索菲亚大学终于开设技术系，聘请年轻保加利亚工程师担任编外讲师；但当年的学生示威导致大学停办、新聘教师被解职。
• The Public Education Law of 5 March 1909 provided for technical and agronomic faculties at Sofia University, yet implementation was postponed indefinitely and the engineering community kept pressing the issue.1909年3月5日的《公共教育法》规定在索菲亚大学设立技术与农艺学院，但实施被无限期推迟，工程界持续施压。
• In 1914 the Bulgarian Engineering and Architectural Society revived the campaign, and in 1933 it proposed an autonomous technical research institute with the laboratories needed for every branch of engineering.1914年，保加利亚工程与建筑学会重启运动；1933年又提议设立一所自治的技术研究院，为各工程门类配备所需实验室。
• By 1935 the country counted more than 2,300 higher-educated engineers and architects, including 619 civil engineers, 410 architects, 387 electrical engineers and 339 mechanical engineers, a pool large enough to justify a dedicated school.至1935年，全国已有2300余名受过高等教育的工程师与建筑师，其中土木工程师619人、建筑师410人、电气工程师387人、机械工程师339人，规模已足以支撑一所专门学校。
• In 1939 the education minister Bogdan Filov appointed a committee of ministries, the Sofia municipality and the engineering society to examine a technical faculty, while engineers demanded a separate autonomous school.1939年，教育部长博格丹·菲洛夫任命由各部、索菲亚市政府与工程学会组成的委员会考察设立技术学院，而工程师们则要求建立独立自治的技术学校。
• At its second regular session in 1940 the Bulgarian Engineering and Architectural Society formally demanded an autonomous higher technical school, turning a professional campaign into a national policy proposal.1940年，保加利亚工程与建筑学会在第二次常会上正式要求建立自治高等技术学校，把行业运动提升为国家政策提案。
• On 12 June 1941 the Act on the Higher Technical School in Sofia was promulgated, creating a state school with faculties of civil engineering and architecture and of industrial technology, and setting a five-year build-out plan.1941年6月12日，《索菲亚高等技术学校法》颁布，设立国立学校，下设土木工程与建筑学院及工业技术学院，并规定五年建设期。
• The Higher Technical School was inaugurated on 4 October 1942 in the Great Hall of Sofia University, with Dr. Eng. Yurdan Danchov as acting rector, but the 1944 air raids forced its evacuation to Lovech and a temporary suspension of classes.高等技术学校于1942年10月4日在索菲亚大学大礼堂开学，由工学士尤尔丹·丹乔夫任代理校长；1944年的空袭迫使学校迁往洛维奇并暂时停课。
• In October 1945 a decree-law renamed the school State Polytechnic, approved by Regent Decree No. 237, and the first elected rector was Prof. Eng. Vasil Peevski with Prof. Arch. Stancho Belkovski as vice-rector.1945年10月，一项法令将学校更名为国立理工学院，并由第237号摄政法令批准；首任民选校长为工程师瓦西尔·佩耶夫斯基教授，建筑师斯坦乔·贝尔科夫斯基教授任副校长。
• In 1946 the first full and associate professors were appointed, among them Georgi Angelov, Mincho Zlatev, Angel Balevski, Grigor Uzunov, Nancho Nanchev, Sazdo Ivanov and Vasil Gerov, who are remembered as the architects of Bulgarian technical education.1946年，首批正副教授获聘，包括格奥尔基·安格洛夫、明乔·兹拉特夫、安格尔·巴列夫斯基、格里戈尔·乌祖诺夫、南乔·南切夫、萨兹多·伊万诺夫与瓦西尔·格罗夫，他们被视为保加利亚技术教育的奠基者。
• New programmes in mining engineering and engineering geology opened in 1949, and in 1951 the mechanical faculty was divided into mechanical, electrical, mining and industrial-chemistry faculties.1949年开设采矿工程与工程地质新专业；1951年，机械学院拆分为机械、电气、采矿与工业化学四个学院。
• By Decree No. 231 of 1953 the State Polytechnic was divided into four autonomous institutes, namely the Institute of Civil Engineering, the Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, the Institute of Chemical Technology and the Institute of Mining and Geology.1953年第231号法令把国立理工学院拆分为四所自治学院，即土木工程学院、机械与电气工程学院、化学工程学院与采矿地质学院。
• Those four bodies later became separate Sofia universities, and the Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering is the direct predecessor of today's Technical University of Sofia.这四个机构后来各自发展为索菲亚的独立大学，其中机械与电气工程学院正是今日索菲亚技术大学的直系前身。
• In 1955 the word "Higher" was added to the name, which became the Higher Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, and in 1959 a Faculty of Transport and Communications was formed that split in 1963 into a Faculty of Transport and a Faculty of Radio Electronics.1955年，学院名称加入「高等」二字，改称高等机械与电气工程学院；1959年成立运输与通信学院，该院于1963年拆分为运输学院与无线电电子学院。
• The mechanical faculty was split again in 1963 into machine technology and power engineering and power machines, while the radio-electronics faculty later became the seedbed of three separate faculties.机械学院于1963年再次拆分出机械工艺与动力工程及动力机械两个方向；无线电电子学院后来则孕育出三个独立学院。
• In 1974 the Faculty of Automatics was separated from electrical engineering, and in 1987 the radio-electronics faculty was divided into electronic engineering and technology, telecommunications, and computer systems and control.1974年，自动化学院从电气工程中分出；1987年，无线电电子学院拆分为电子工程与技术、电信、计算机系统与控制三个学院。
• A Faculty of Management was formed in 1991, and on 21 July 1995 the institution received its present name and full university status as the Technical University of Sofia.管理学院于1991年成立；1995年7月21日，学校获得现名与完整大学地位，成为索菲亚技术大学。
• In 2020 the university became a member of the European University of Technology, EUt+, linking its curricula and research platforms with eight partner universities across Europe.2020年，该校加入「欧洲技术大学」联盟（EUt+），把课程与科研平台同欧洲八所伙伴大学对接。
• By 2025 the university counted more than 10,000 Bulgarian students, nearly 1,000 foreign students and more than 100,000 engineering graduates produced since its foundation.至2025年，该校有保加利亚学生一万余人、留学生近千人，自建校以来培养的工程类毕业生已超过10万人。

Academics

• The university comprises 17 faculties, of which 11 are in Sofia, two in Plovdiv and one in Sliven, plus three faculties that teach only in foreign languages.该校共设17个学院，其中11个在索菲亚、2个在普罗夫迪夫、1个在斯利文，另有3个仅用外语授课的学院。
• The Sofia faculties are automatics, electronic engineering and technology, electrical engineering, power engineering and power machines, computer systems and technologies, communications and communication technologies, mechanical engineering, industrial technologies, management, transport, and applied mathematics and informatics.索菲亚的学院包括自动化、电子工程与技术、电气工程、动力工程与动力机械、计算机系统与技术、通信与通信技术、机械工程、工业技术、管理、运输，以及应用数学与信息学。
• A twelfth Sofia unit, the Faculty of Applied Physics, completes the capital's teaching structure and supports the university's materials and metrology research.索菲亚的第十二个单位是应用物理学院，它补全了首都教学结构，并支撑学校的材料与计量研究。
• The Plovdiv branch has faculties of electronics and automation and of mechanical and device engineering, while the Sliven branch has a Faculty of Engineering and Pedagogy.普罗夫迪夫分校设电子与自动化学院及机械与仪器工程学院；斯利文分校设工程与教育学院。
• Three faculties teach entirely in foreign languages: German engineering education and industrial management, an English-language engineering department and a French-language electrical engineering department.三个学院完全用外语授课，分别是德语工程教育与工业管理、英语工程系与法语电气工程系。
• The university also runs the United Technical College of Sofia, the John Atanasoff Technical College of Plovdiv and the College of Sliven, plus the Technological School of Electronic Systems in Sofia and a vocational school in Pravets.学校还辖有索菲亚联合技术学院、普罗夫迪夫「约翰·阿塔纳索夫」技术学院与斯利文学院，以及索菲亚电子系统技术学校与普拉韦茨职业学校。
• In 2025 the student body exceeded 10,000 Bulgarians and approached 1,000 foreign students, taught in Bulgarian, English, German and French at bachelor, master and doctoral levels.2025年，在校生超过一万名保加利亚人、留学生接近一千人，以保加利亚语、英语、德语和法语在本科、硕士与博士层次授课。
• Since 1945 the university has produced more than 100,000 engineers, and it states that this alumni pool staffs a large share of Bulgaria's energy, transport and manufacturing sectors.自1945年以来，该校培养的工程师超过10万人，校方称这支校友队伍支撑着保加利亚能源、交通与制造业的很大一部分。
• The Faculty of Computer Systems and Technologies, descended from the 1987 split, is the university's largest computing school and works with Microsoft, Oracle and Cisco certification programmes.计算机系统与技术学院源自1987年的拆分，是该校最大的计算机类学院，并与微软、甲骨文和思科的认证项目合作。
• The Faculty of Electronic Engineering and Technology and the Faculty of Telecommunications occupy Building 1 and its laboratories, covering microelectronics, radio systems, optical communications and embedded design.电子工程与技术学院和电信学院占用1号楼及其实验室，覆盖微电子、无线电系统、光通信与嵌入式设计。
• The Faculty of Power Engineering and Power Machines trains engineers for Bulgaria's nuclear, hydro and district-heating sectors, and it is one of the oldest continuously taught programmes in the university.动力工程与动力机械学院为保加利亚的核电、水电与区域供热部门培养工程师，是该校历史最悠久的连续办学项目之一。
• The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, split in 1963, covers machine technology, robotics, welding, textile machinery and transport engineering, with workshops in the central campus.机械工程学院于1963年拆分而成，覆盖机械工艺、机器人、焊接、纺织机械与运输工程，在中心校区设有实习车间。
• The Faculty of Transport operates laboratories for rail traction, rolling stock and traffic control and works with the Bulgarian State Railways and Sofia's public transport operator.运输学院设有铁路牵引、机车车辆与交通控制实验室，并与保加利亚国家铁路及索菲亚公共交通运营方合作。
• The Faculty of Management and the foreign-language faculties add industrial management, engineering pedagogy and language training to a curriculum that is otherwise dominated by technical subjects.管理学院与各外语学院在以技术科目为主的课程体系之外，补充了工业管理、工程教育与语言训练。
• The university publishing house, the University Information Resources Centre and the central library sit in Building 1, giving students one of the largest technical collections in Bulgaria.校出版社、大学信息资源中心与中央图书馆均设在1号楼，为学生提供保加利亚规模最大的技术类馆藏之一。
• Research is organised around energy, transport, robotics, telecommunications, computer systems and materials, and the university reports that up to 20 per cent of its budget comes from its own revenue.科研围绕能源、交通、机器人、电信、计算机系统与材料展开，校方称预算中最多有两成来自自有收入。

Campus

• The main campus is at Sofia 1000, 8 Kliment Ohridski Boulevard, a short walk from the city centre and the Eagle Bridge intersection.主校区位于索菲亚1000区克利门特·奥赫里德斯基大道8号，步行可达市中心与鹰桥路口。
• The central Sofia campus contains 14 buildings, most of them clustered along the boulevard and connected by internal courtyards and laboratory wings.索菲亚中心校区拥有14栋建筑，多数沿大道聚集，由内部庭院与实验楼翼相连。
• Building 1, the university's administrative heart, was originally an army barracks and now houses the rectorate, the electronics, telecommunications and computer faculties and most of their laboratories.1号楼是学校的行政核心，原为军营，现容纳校部、电子、电信与计算机学院及其大部分实验室。
• A separate language centre is devoted entirely to foreign-language learning, supporting the German, English and French engineering programmes.独立的语言中心专门用于外语教学，支撑德语、英语与法语工程课程。
• The sports centre has an Olympic-size swimming pool and several halls, and it serves both the university's physical-education classes and competitive teams.体育中心设有奥运规格泳池与多个场馆，既服务体育课，也供校队训练比赛。
• Beyond Sofia the university operates campuses in Plovdiv, Sliven, Botevgrad and Kazanlak, which host branch faculties and college-level engineering programmes.在索菲亚之外，学校还在普罗夫迪夫、斯利文、博泰夫格勒与卡赞勒克设有校区，承担分校学院与学院层次的工程课程。
• The student dormitory system comprises 10 blocks with 15 entrances and more than 5,000 beds, some beside the academic buildings and the rest in Sofia's Student City.学生宿舍系统由10栋楼、15个单元组成，床位超过5000张，部分紧邻教学楼，其余位于索菲亚「学生城」。
• Two student dining halls, one at the rectorate and one in Student City block 59, serve an average of 700 people a day and offer meat and vegetarian menus.两座学生食堂分别位于校部与「学生城」59栋，日均接待约700人，提供荤食与素食菜单。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the Technical University of Sofia is placed in the 1401+ band, the open-ended group that QS publishes as a tie.在2027年QS世界大学排名中，索菲亚技术大学处于1401+并列区间，这是QS以并列形式发布的开放式末段。
• Times Higher Education lists it in the 1801-2000 band of its 2027 world ranking, placing it in the lowest reported tier of the global table.泰晤士高等教育将其列入2027年世界大学排名1801至2000区间，处于全球榜单公布的最低一档。
• The university does not appear in the 2026-27 U.S. News Best Global Universities list, so its ranked profile in this cycle rests on QS and THE.该校未进入2026至2027年度U.S. News全球最佳大学榜单，因此本周期其上榜成绩由QS与泰晤士高等教育两项支撑。
• It also stays outside the 2026 Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities main list, a common outcome for specialised engineering universities with narrow citation profiles.该校同样未进入2026年软科世界大学学术排名主榜，这对引用画像较窄的专业性工程大学而言并不罕见。
• Within Bulgaria the university is the largest and oldest engineering school, and it is routinely described as the country's leading technical institution.在保加利亚国内，该校是规模最大、历史最久的工程类大学，常被称为该国首屈一指的技术学府。
• Its membership in the EUt+ alliance, formed under the 2020 Erasmus+ call, gives it a European platform alongside eight partner universities and about 100,000 students across the consortium.该校加入依据2020年Erasmus+计划组建的EUt+联盟，与八所伙伴大学及联盟内约10万名学生共享欧洲平台。
• The claim of more than 100,000 engineering graduates is the university's main reputational anchor in Bulgaria, and it is cited in official presentations and admission material.培养逾10万名工程师这一说法是该校在保加利亚的主要声誉支点，被官方介绍与招生材料反复引用。
• Nearly 1,000 foreign students, drawn from the Balkans, the Middle East and Asia, make it one of Bulgaria's more internationally visible technical universities.近千名来自巴尔干、中东与亚洲的留学生，使该校成为保加利亚国际可见度较高的技术大学之一。
• The university's financial model, with up to 20 per cent of its budget from self-generated revenue, underpins its claim to be a research-intensive institution rather than a purely teaching school.该校预算中最多两成来自自有收入，这一财务模式支撑其「研究密集型」而非纯教学型机构的自我定位。

Student life

• Bulgarian universities celebrate 8 December as Students' Day, and at TU-Sofia the date is marked with concerts, open laboratories and award ceremonies for student research.保加利亚高校把12月8日定为学生节，索菲亚技术大学以音乐会、开放实验室与学生科研颁奖礼纪念这一天。
• Most out-of-town students live in the 10 dormitory blocks, and the Student City complex has its own cafeterias, shops and transport links to the central campus.多数外地学生住在10栋宿舍楼中，「学生城」综合体自带食堂、商店与通往中心校区的交通。
• The sports centre and its Olympic-size pool support swimming, water polo, basketball and volleyball teams that compete in Bulgarian university championships.体育中心及其奥运规格泳池支撑游泳、水球、篮球与排球队参加保加利亚大学生锦标赛。
• Career Days 2026 brought 120 companies to the Sofia campus and the Plovdiv and Sliven branches, a sign of how closely the university's calendar follows industry recruitment.2026年职业日吸引了120家企业来到索菲亚校区及普罗夫迪夫、斯利文分校，显示校历与行业招聘的紧密衔接。
• EUt+ mobility allows students to spend a semester at partner universities in Germany, France, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Latvia, Cyprus or Romania without paying additional tuition.EUt+流动项目使学生能在德国、法国、爱尔兰、西班牙、意大利、拉脱维亚、塞浦路斯或罗马尼亚的伙伴大学交换一学期，无需另付学费。
• The alumni network organises mentorships and guest lectures that connect current students with engineers working in Bulgarian and European industry.校友网络组织导师计划与客座讲座，把在校生与在保加利亚及欧洲工业界工作的工程师联系起来。
• Sofia itself provides the social backdrop: Vitosha mountain is less than an hour away, the metro connects the campus to the airport and the city's student quarter concentrates clubs and cafes.索菲亚本身构成社交背景：维托沙山距此不到一小时，地铁把校区与机场相连，城市的学生区集中了俱乐部与咖啡馆。
• The Student Council represents students in faculty and university governance, and it negotiates dormitory fees, exam schedules and the allocation of sports facilities.学生理事会在学院与学校治理中代表学生，并就宿舍费用、考试安排与体育设施分配进行协商。

Notable people

• Evlogi Georgiev, a nineteenth-century merchant and philanthropist, left the six-million-leva bequest that made a higher technical school in Bulgaria possible, and his name is still associated with the university's origins.埃夫洛吉·格奥尔基耶夫是19世纪商人与慈善家，留下600万列弗遗赠，使保加利亚创办高等技术学校成为可能，其名字至今与该校起源相连。
• Ivan Evstatiev Geshov, the executor of the Georgiev will, was a banker and politician who later served as Prime Minister of Bulgaria and kept the technical-school project alive for decades.伊万·埃夫斯塔蒂耶夫·格绍夫是格奥尔基耶夫遗嘱的执行人、银行家与政治家，后来出任保加利亚总理，并使技术学校计划延续数十年。
• Yurdan Danchov, an engineer, served as acting rector when the Higher Technical School opened in 1942 and led its first academic year under wartime conditions.工程师尤尔丹·丹乔夫在1942年高等技术学校开办时担任代理校长，在战争条件下主持了第一个学年。
• Vasil Peevski, the first elected rector of the State Polytechnic in 1945, guided the transition from the wartime school to a full polytechnic institution.瓦西尔·佩耶夫斯基是1945年国立理工学院首任民选校长，主导了从战时学校向完整理工学院的过渡。
• Stancho Belkovski, an architect and the first vice-rector, shaped the early building programme and the curriculum of the civil engineering and architecture faculty.建筑师斯坦乔·贝尔科夫斯基是首任副校长，参与了早期建筑规划与土木建筑学院的课程设计。
• Georgi Bradistilov, the first dean of civil engineering, and Karl Slavomirov, the first dean of mechanical engineering, established the two founding faculties of the 1942 school.格奥尔基·布拉迪斯蒂洛夫是首任土木工程系主任，卡尔·斯拉沃米罗夫是首任机械工程系主任，两人奠定了1942年学校两个创校学院的基础。
• Mincho Zlatev, a professor appointed in 1946, is remembered as one of the architects of Bulgarian higher technical education and helped design the polytechnic's laboratory system.明乔·兹拉特夫是1946年获聘的教授，被视为保加利亚高等技术教育的奠基者之一，参与设计了理工学院的实验室体系。
• Angel Balevski, a professor and later a leading figure in Bulgarian engineering, was among the first faculty appointed after the war and worked on machine-building research.安格尔·巴列夫斯基是教授、后来保加利亚工程界的重要人物，属于战后首批获聘教师，从事机械制造研究。
• Grigor Uzunov and Nancho Nanchev were members of the founding teaching staff whose textbooks trained several generations of Bulgarian engineers.格里戈尔·乌祖诺夫与南乔·南切夫是创校教师成员，其教材培养了几代保加利亚工程师。
• Sazdo Ivanov and Vasil Gerov, both appointed in 1946, helped establish the departments of electrical and mechanical engineering that later became separate faculties.萨兹多·伊万诺夫与瓦西尔·格罗夫均于1946年获聘，参与建立了后来独立成院的电气与机械工程系。
• Boris Popov, another early professor, is listed among the first faculty members who shaped the school's applied-science orientation.鲍里斯·波波夫是另一位早期教授，被列为塑造学校应用科学导向的首批教师之一。
• John Atanasoff, the Bulgarian-American inventor of the electronic digital computer, is commemorated in the name of the Plovdiv technical college, although he studied and worked in the United States rather than at this university.约翰·阿塔纳索夫是保加利亚裔美国电子数字计算机发明者，普罗夫迪夫技术学院以他命名；但他是在美国而非本校学习与工作。