Technical University of Darmstadt

The Technical University of Darmstadt (Technische Universität Darmstadt, known as TU Darmstadt) is a public research university in Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany, founded in 1877.达姆施塔特工业大学（Technische Universität Darmstadt，简称 TU Darmstadt）是德国黑森州达姆施塔特的一所公立研究型大学，创办于 1877 年。

It is a member of the TU9 alliance of Germany's leading technical universities, has twice been funded in the German Excellence Initiative, and is regarded as the birthplace of university teaching in electrical engineering and computer science.该校是德国顶尖理工大学联盟 TU9 成员，两度入选德国大学卓越计划，并被视为电气工程与计算机科学大学教学的诞生地。

In the QS World University Rankings 2027 it is placed 250th, in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 joint 284th, and in the U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 ranking 651st.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中它位列第 250 位，在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中并列第 284 位，在 2026-2027 年《美国新闻与世界报道》全球最佳大学排名中位列第 651 位。

History

• The university's history reaches back to the Höhere Gewerbeschule, a higher trade school founded in 1836, which received its own building near the Altes Pädagog on Kapellplatz in 1844.该校的历史可追溯至 1836 年创办的一所高等商业学校（Höhere Gewerbeschule），它于 1844 年在卡尔广场的「老教育学园」附近获得自己的校舍。
• It continued as the Technische Schule in 1864 and as the Großherzoglich Hessische Polytechnische Schule, the Grand Ducal Hessian Polytechnic, in 1868, when the poor Grand Duchy debated whether it could afford such an institution.其后它于 1864 年发展为技术学校，1868 年又成为大公黑森理工学校（Großherzoglich Hessische Polytechnische Schule）；当时贫穷的大公国曾就是否负担得起这样一所院校展开争论。
• On 10 October 1877 Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse, elevated the polytechnic to the Technische Hochschule zu Darmstadt, making the Abitur a requirement for admission.1877 年 10 月 10 日黑森大公路德维希四世将该理工学校升格为达姆施塔特工业大学（Technische Hochschule zu Darmstadt），并把高中毕业会考证书设为入学条件。
• Enrolment in 1881-1882 was so low that the public debated closing the school, and in this crisis it made the bold decision to establish the world's first chair of electrical engineering.1881 至 1882 年学生人数极低，公众一度讨论关闭这所学校；危机之中它做出了大胆决定——设立全球第一个电气工程教席。
• The Faculty of Electrical Engineering thus became the sixth faculty of the institution, with the physicist Erasmus Kittler appointed as its first professor in 1882 and the world's first degree course in the subject introduced in 1883.电气工程系由此成为该校的第六个科系，物理学家伊拉斯谟·基特勒于 1882 年被聘为首任教授，1883 年学校又开设了全世界第一个电气工程专业。
• In 1895 new buildings were opened in Hochschulstrasse, including the Altes Hauptgebäude, the Old Main Building, and an institute building directly opposite it.1895 年学校在学院街启用了一批新建筑，其中包括老主楼（Altes Hauptgebäude）以及其正对面的学院楼。
• In 1899 the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt was granted the right to award doctorates.1899 年达姆施塔特工业大学获得授予博士学位的资格。
• By 1906 the institution had an unusually large foreign student body, with as many as three-quarters of its electrical engineering students coming from abroad, mainly from eastern Europe.到 1906 年该校外国学生比例异常之高，电气工程系学生中有多达四分之三来自国外，主要来自东欧。
• In 1913 it set up a chair of aeronautics and flight mechanics, the first of its kind in Germany, as new disciplines such as paper and cellulose chemistry were introduced.1913 年学校设立了德国第一个航空学与飞行力学教席，同时引入了造纸与纤维素化学等新学科。
• After the First World War, reform of the curriculum led in 1924 to the division of the General Faculty into a Department of Mathematics and Natural Science and a Department of Cultural Studies and Political Science.第一次世界大战后，课程改革促使学校于 1924 年将通识学系分为「数学与自然科学」和「文化研究与政治学」两个学部。
• Following the rise of the Nazi regime, the chemist Gerhard Herzberg, later the 1971 Nobel laureate, was dismissed from the institution in 1934 because his wife was Jewish, and he emigrated to Canada.纳粹政权上台后，化学家格哈德·赫茨贝格——后来 1971 年诺贝尔化学奖得主——于 1934 年因其妻子是犹太人而被解职，随后移居加拿大。
• On the night of 11-12 September 1944, eighty per cent of the city of Darmstadt, including many of the university's buildings, was destroyed in a bombing raid.1944 年 9 月 11 日至 12 日的夜间，达姆施塔特市区 80% 的面积——包括许多大学建筑——在一次空袭中被摧毁。
• In 1945 the institution was briefly closed under Allied decree before reopening in 1946, while its electrical engineering department remained active making V-2 guidance components under contract to the U.S. Army.1945 年该校依盟军法令一度短期关闭，至 1946 年重新开放；其间电气工程系仍在运作，依据与美军的合约制造 V-2 火箭制导部件。
• As early as 1947 the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt hosted the first International Congress on Engineering Education, at which participants discussed the moral responsibility of technical intellectuals and committed themselves to research for peaceful ends.早在 1947 年达姆施塔特工业大学就主办了首届国际工程教育研讨会，与会者讨论了技术知识分子的道德责任，并承诺此后只以和平为目的从事研究与教学。
• Because almost no land remained in the city centre, the university decided in 1963 to build its expansion on the Lichtwiese, a former airfield on the outskirts of the city.由于市中心几乎没有可供建设的土地，学校于 1963 年决定在「光照草甸」（Lichtwiese）——城郊的一处旧机场——进行扩建。
• Numerous buildings, including a new student cafeteria, were erected there in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and the site ultimately became the university's second campus.20 世纪 60 年代末至 70 年代初，包括一座新学生食堂在内的众多建筑在此建成，该地最终成为学校的第二个校区。
• After 1968, student protest drove reform, and in 1970 the Hessisches Hochschulgesetz came into force, giving the university a new structure based on a presidential statute and a unified administration divided into departments.1968 年后的学生运动推动了改革，1970 年黑森州高等教育法生效，使学校建立起以校长法规与统一管理体制为基础、并划分为各系的新结构。
• Despite growing student numbers and lagging staff, the university established forward-looking subjects such as the School of Information Science in 1974, the Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies on Technology in 1987 and the Department of Materials Science in 1989.尽管学生人数增长而教职员工进展缓慢，学校仍设立了一批面向未来的学科，如 1974 年的信息科学学院、1987 年的跨学科技术研究中心以及 1989 年的材料科学系。
• On 1 October 1997 the institution was renamed Technische Universität Darmstadt, partly to avoid the misleading English rendering of Hochschule as high school.1997 年 10 月 1 日学校更名为达姆施塔特工业大学（Technische Universität Darmstadt），部分原因是为了避免把 Hochschule 误译为英语的「中学」。
• On 1 January 2005 the TU Darmstadt Law made it the first German public university to be given administrative autonomy, able to manage its own budget and property and to hire professors independently.2005 年 1 月 1 日《达姆施塔特工业大学法》使其成为德国第一所获得行政自治权的公立大学，可自主支配预算与不动产并独立聘任教授。
• In the second and third rounds of the German Excellence Initiative in 2006 and 2012 the university gained funding for two graduate schools and a cluster of excellence, and in 2025 it won support for the clusters Reasonable Artificial Intelligence and The Adaptive Mind.在 2006 年与 2012 年德国大学卓越计划的第二轮和第三轮评选中，学校获得两个精英研究生院与一个精英集群的资助；2025 年又赢得「可解释人工智能」与「自适应心智」两个精英集群的支持。

Academics

• The university is organised into 13 departments, ten of them in engineering, natural sciences and mathematics and three in the social sciences and humanities, alongside four interdisciplinary units and five fields of study.学校下设 13 个学院，其中 10 个属于工程、自然科学与数学，3 个属于社会科学与人文学科，此外还有 4 个跨学科单位与 5 个学习领域。
• Its departments include Law and Economics (FB1), History and Social Sciences (FB2), Human Sciences (FB3), Mathematics (FB4), Physics (FB5), Chemistry (FB7), Biology (FB10) and Materials and Earth Sciences (FB11).其学院包括法学与经济学（FB1）、历史与社会科学（FB2）、人文科学（FB3）、数学（FB4）、物理（FB5）、化学（FB7）、生物（FB10）以及材料与地球科学（FB11）。
• Further departments are Civil and Environmental Engineering (FB13), Architecture (FB15), Mechanical Engineering (FB16), Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (FB18) and Computer Science (FB20).另有土木与环境工程（FB13）、建筑（FB15）、机械工程（FB16）、电气工程与信息技术（FB18）以及计算机科学（FB20）。
• Research is pooled into three major fields: Energy and Environment, Information and Intelligence, and Matter and Materials, with about 100 degree courses offered overall.其研究汇聚为三大领域——能源与环境、信息与智能、物质与材料，学校总共开设约 100 个学位专业。
• As of the winter semester 2025-26 the university enrols 24,437 students, of whom 33 per cent are women and 28 per cent are foreign students, across 114 degree programmes.截至 2025-2026 年冬季学期，学校在校学生 24437 人，其中女性占 33%、外国学生占 28%，共开设 114 个学位专业。
• In 2025 it awarded 456 doctorates and produced 3,810 graduates.2025 年学校授予 456 个博士学位，并培养出 3810 名毕业生。
• International students numbered 6,025, or 25.4 per cent, in the winter semester 2024-25, and at 18 per cent in 2017 the share of international students was clearly above the German average of 13 per cent.2024-2025 年冬季学期的国际学生为 6025 人，占 25.4%；2017 年国际学生比例为 18%，明显高于德国 13% 的平均水平。
• The university maintains partnership agreements with over 300 universities in 53 countries, including Nanyang Technological University, Tsinghua University and Seoul National University, and strategic partnerships with Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and Tongji University.学校与全球 53 个国家的 300 余所大学签有合作协议，包括南洋理工大学、清华大学与首尔国立大学，并与弗吉尼亚理工大学和同济大学建立了战略伙伴关系。
• Together with Aalto University, the Royal Institute of Technology, the Polytechnic University of Turin and the Polytechnic University of Catalonia, it forms the European university alliance Unite!, founded in November 2019.它与阿尔托大学、瑞典皇家理工学院、都灵理工大学及加泰罗尼亚理工大学等共同组成欧洲大学联盟 Unite!，该联盟成立于 2019 年 11 月。
• Together with Goethe University Frankfurt and Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz it forms the Rhine-Main Universities alliance.它与法兰克福歌德大学和美因茨约翰内斯古腾堡大学共同组成「莱茵-美因大学」联盟。
• The university is a member of the ATHENE centre, described as the largest research institute for applied cybersecurity in Europe, and is located in the Rhine-Main-Neckar information-technology cluster.学校是 ATHENE 研究中心的成员，该中心被称为欧洲最大的应用网络安全研究机构；学校所在的莱茵-美因-内卡地区则是德国的信息技术集群。
• Its campus hosts or neighbours the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, two Fraunhofer Institute sites, the European Space Operations Centre and the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites.其校园坐落于或毗邻 GSI 亥姆霍兹重离子研究中心、两处弗劳恩霍夫研究所、欧洲空间业务中心以及欧洲气象卫星开发组织。
• The university operates the Lichtenberg high-performance computer with about 1 PetaFLOPS, ranked 410th in the TOP500 in 2015, and received 15 million euros in 2017 to build the more powerful Lichtenberg II.学校运行算力约 1 PetaFLOPS 的利希滕贝格高性能计算机，2015 年在 TOP500 榜单中位列第 410 位，并于 2017 年获得 1500 万欧元用于建设更强的利希滕贝格 II。
• The search-and-rescue robot Hector won the RoboCup Rescue Robot League in 2014, and the Argonaut robot won the 2017 ARGOS Challenge for inspection robots on oil and gas platforms.搜救机器人 Hector 于 2014 年赢得 RoboCup 救援机器人联赛冠军，Argonaut 机器人则赢得 2017 年面向油气平台巡检机器人的 ARGOS 挑战赛。
• In 2018 the university won the competition of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology and is building an Institute for Manufacturing with 50 partners including Siemens, Volkswagen, KUKA, Volvo and the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence.2018 年学校赢得欧洲创新与技术研究院的竞标，正与西门子、大众、库卡、沃尔沃以及德国人工智能研究中心等 50 个伙伴共建一家制造研究所。
• It maintains corporate research collaborations with Merck, Deutsche Bahn, Continental, Robert Bosch and Siemens, and its Intel Collaborative Research Institute for Secure Computing was the first Intel security research centre outside the United States, opened in 2012.它与默克、德国铁路、大陆集团、博世与西门子保持企业研究合作；其与英特尔合建的英特尔安全计算协作研究院于 2012 年成立，是英特尔在美国之外的第一家安全研究中心。
• The European Space Agency set up its first research laboratory at a German university here, ESA_LAB@TU Darmstadt, and the University and State Library Darmstadt serves as the university library.欧洲空间局在此设立了其在德国大学的首个研究实验室 ESA_LAB@TU Darmstadt；达姆施塔特大学与州立图书馆则承担学校的图书馆职能。

Campus

• The university is concentrated on the two central campuses of Stadtmitte and Lichtwiese, with further sites at the Botanical Garden, the university stadium and the wind tunnel and August Euler airfield in Griesheim.该校主要集中于市中心的 Stadtmitte 与 Lichtwiese 两个校区，另在植物园、大学体育场以及格里斯海姆的风洞与奥古斯特·欧拉机场设有场地。
• It occupies some 164 buildings across a property of about 600 acres, equal to 2.4 square kilometres, with about 260,000 square metres of main teaching and research space.学校拥有约 164 座建筑，占地约 600 英亩（合 2.4 平方公里），主要教学科研用地约 26 万平方米。
• The Stadtmitte campus in the heart of Darmstadt is the university's oldest site, divided into sections S1 to S4 and home to the karo 5 entrance building and the University and State Library.位于达姆施塔特市中心的 Stadtmitte 校区是学校最古老的场地，分为 S1 至 S4 四个区，设有「karo 5」入口建筑与大学及州立图书馆。
• The Altes Hauptgebäude, the Old Main Building opened in 1895 on Hochschulstrasse, remains a landmark of the original city-centre site.1895 年在学院街启用的老主楼（Altes Hauptgebäude）至今仍是市中心老校区的地标。
• The Lichtwiese campus on the eastern side of the city houses Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials and Earth Sciences.位于城市东侧的 Lichtwiese 校区设有建筑、土木与环境工程、化学、机械工程以及材料与地球科学等院系。
• The Botanical Garden lies near the Lichtwiese campus and accommodates the Department of Biology as well as parts of the chemical engineering faculty of the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences.植物园毗邻 Lichtwiese 校区，设有生物系以及达姆施塔特应用技术大学化学工程系的一部分。
• Since 2005 the university has owned the August Euler Airfield in Griesheim, Germany's oldest airfield, used for research such as testing driver assistance systems and automotive lighting.自 2005 年起学校拥有格里斯海姆的奥古斯特·欧拉机场，这是德国最古老的机场，用于测试驾驶辅助系统与汽车照明等研究。
• Students make use of the Ducal Palace in the city, where the student government runs a club and cellar venue.学生也使用市内的公爵宫殿，学生自治组织在其中经营一家俱乐部与地下场所。
• The university provides three sports halls, a university stadium with several fields, a swimming pool and a fitness studio for its community.学校为师生提供三座体育馆、一座设有多块场地的大学体育场、一个游泳池以及一间健身室。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the university is placed 250th in the world, and in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 it is placed joint 284th.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中该校位列世界第 250 位，在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中位列并列第 284 位。
• The U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 ranking places it 651st in the world, while in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 it does not appear among the top 500.2026-2027 年《美国新闻与世界报道》全球最佳大学排名将其列为世界第 651 位，而在 2026 年世界大学学术排名中它未进入前 500。
• According to CSRankings the university leads Europe in cryptography, IT security and software engineering, and ranks second among European universities and first in Germany in artificial intelligence, robotics, machine learning, computer vision and computational linguistics.据 CSRankings，该校在密码学、信息技术安全与软件工程领域领跑欧洲；在人工智能、机器人、机器学习、计算机视觉与计算语言学方面，它在欧洲高校中排名第二、在德国排名第一。
• In the 2018 university ranking of Wirtschaftswoche it was judged the best German university for business informatics, third in industrial engineering and fourth in mechanical and electrical engineering.在《经济周刊》2018 年高校排名中，它被评为德国商业信息学最佳高校，并在工业工程位列第三、机械与电气工程位列第四。
• For several years the university has been among those with the most top managers in the German economy, currently ranking first, with nine board members of DAX-listed companies having studied there as of September 2019.多年来该校一直是培养德国经济界高管最多的大学之一，目前位居第一；截至 2019 年 9 月，已有九名 DAX 上市公司董事会成员曾在此就读。
• In the German Research Foundation's 2018 research report, covering grants from 2014 to 2016, it received the highest computer-science funding of any German university and the fourth highest in engineering.在德国研究联合会 2018 年科研报告中（涵盖 2014 至 2016 年的资助），该校获得的计算机科学经费为全德高校之冠，工程学经费则位列第四。
• In the Research Ranking of the Association for Information Systems it ranks 16th worldwide in business informatics, third in Europe and first in Germany.在信息系统协会的科研排名中，该校的商业信息学位列世界第 16、欧洲第三、德国第一。
• OpenAlex attributes 95,379 works and 4,857,387 citations to the university, and it has been associated with four Nobel laureates and three Wolf Prize in Physics laureates.OpenAlex 为该校收录 95379 项成果与 4857387 次被引；该校先后与四位诺贝尔奖得主和三位沃尔夫物理学奖得主相关联。
• In the QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2019 the university stood third in Germany, 22nd in Europe and 78th in the world.在 2019 年 QS 毕业生就业能力排名中，该校位列德国第三、欧洲第 22、世界第 78。
• According to the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation's Humboldt Ranking the university takes first place in Germany in engineering.据亚历山大·冯·洪堡基金会的洪堡排名，该校在工程学领域位居德国第一。

Student life

• The university's guiding motto is the German word Menschen, meaning people, placing human beings at the centre of its research and teaching.学校的座右铭是德文单词 Menschen，意为「人」，把人置于其研究与教学的中心。
• In October 2012 the university assembly adopted a civil clause, written into the preamble of its constitution, committing its research to peaceful purposes.2012 年 10 月，大学评议会通过了一项「民用条款」，并将其写入章程序言，承诺其研究以和平为目的。
• Students are represented by an annually elected students' parliament, which in turn elects the General Students' Committee, known as AStA, that runs a beer garden, a bicycle garage and a student café.学生由每年选举产生的学生议会代表，该议会再选出被称为 AStA 的学生总会，后者经营啤酒花园、自行车库与一家学生咖啡馆。
• TU Darmstadt has won the university competition of the German Olympic Sports Confederation three times in succession and holds the title of the most athletic university in Germany.达姆施塔特工业大学连续三次赢得德国奥林匹克体育联合会的高校竞赛，并保有「德国最具体育活力大学」的称号。
• Accredited student groups include the Akaflieg Darmstadt gliding club, the Formula SAE racing team DART, TU Darmstadt Space Technology, a Chaos Computer Club chapter, an orchestra, a theatre group and the campus radio AudioMax.经认可的学生社团包括 Akaflieg Darmstadt 滑翔社、大学生方程式赛车队 DART、TU Darmstadt 航天技术社、混沌计算机俱乐部一个分会、一支管弦乐团、一个剧社以及校园电台 AudioMax。
• The annual job fair konaktiva, organised by volunteer students, connects roughly 10,000 students with potential employers.由志愿学生组织的年度招聘会「konaktiva」每年把约一万名学生与潜在雇主联系起来。
• Roughly 2,600 places are offered in 10 halls of residence by the Studierendenwerk, and a 2016 survey found students in Darmstadt paid on average 348 euros a month for rent, heat and utilities.学生事务机构 Studierendenwerk 在 10 处学生宿舍提供约 2600 个床位；2016 年的一项调查显示，达姆施塔特学生每月房租、暖气与水电平均支出为 348 欧元。
• Since the 1970s the fictitious student Fritz Filter has allegedly passed numerous examinations in the Department of Architecture and finally graduated with a Diplom degree in 2004.自 20 世纪 70 年代以来，一个并不存在的学生「弗里茨·菲尔特」据称在建筑系通过了无数考试，最终于 2004 年取得 Diplom 学位。

Notable people

• Erasmus Kittler, a physicist from Franconia, was appointed in 1882 as the first professor of electrical engineering at the institution, holding the world's first such chair.来自法兰肯的物理学家伊拉斯谟·基特勒于 1882 年被聘为该校首位电气工程教授，坐拥全球第一个此类教席。
• Hermann Staudinger, a chemist who worked at the institution, received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on macromolecular chemistry.曾在该校任教的化学家赫尔曼·施陶丁格因其在高分子化学方面的研究获得 1953 年诺贝尔化学奖。
• Gerhard Herzberg, dismissed from the university in 1934 and later established in Canada, received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.格哈德·赫茨贝格于 1934 年被该校解职、后在加拿大立足，并于 1971 年获得诺贝尔化学奖。
• Horst Störmer, a physicist associated with the university, shared the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effect.与该大学相关的物理学家霍斯特·施特默因发现分数量子霍尔效应而共同获得 1998 年诺贝尔物理学奖。
• Peter Grünberg, who studied and researched at the institution, shared the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of giant magnetoresistance.曾在该校求学与研究的彼得·格林贝格因发现巨磁阻效应而共同获得 2007 年诺贝尔物理学奖。
• Chaim Weizmann, a chemist trained at the institution, became the first President of Israel in 1949.在该校受过化学训练的哈伊姆·魏茨曼于 1949 年成为以色列首任总统。
• Georg Cantor, the mathematician who created set theory, taught at the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt in its early decades.创立集合论的数学家格奥尔格·康托尔在该校创办后的最初数十年间曾在此任教。
• John Tu, a graduate of the university, co-founded the memory-products company Kingston Technology and became a billionaire.该校毕业生杜纪川共同创办了内存产品公司金士顿科技，并成为亿万富翁。
• Oliver Zipse, who studied at the university, became chairman of the board of management of BMW AG.曾在该校求学的奥利弗·齐普策出任宝马汽车股份公司管理董事会主席。
• Kurt H. Debus, a rocket engineer trained at Darmstadt, became the first director of NASA's Kennedy Space Center.在达姆施塔特接受训练的火箭工程师库尔特·H·德布斯出任美国国家航空航天局肯尼迪航天中心的首任主任。