Tallinn University

Tallinn University (Estonian: Tallinna Ülikool, abbreviated TLÜ) is a public research university in the centre of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, and one of the three largest institutions of higher education in the country.塔林大学（爱沙尼亚语：Tallinna Ülikool，缩写 TLÜ）是位于爱沙尼亚首都塔林市中心的公立研究型大学，也是全国规模最大的三所高等教育机构之一。

Its predecessor, Tallinn Pedagogical University, was founded in 1919, which makes the institution the third-oldest university in Estonia, while the present university came into existence on 18 March 2005 through a merger of several universities and research institutions in the capital.其前身塔林师范大学创办于 1919 年，使该校成为爱沙尼亚第三古老的大学，而今日建制的塔林大学于 2005 年 3 月 18 日由首都多所大学与研究机构合并而成。

About 7000 degree students studied there in 2023 alongside more than 14000 participants in continuing education, and the university stands in the 901-950 band of the QS 2027 World University Rankings and in the 1001-1200 band of the Times Higher Education World Rankings 2027.2023 年该校注册学位学生约 7000 名，另有逾 14000 人修读继续教育课程，学校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列 901 至 950 区间，在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中位列 1001 至 1200 区间。

History

• The oldest thread running through the university collections reaches back to 1552, when a library was founded in St Olaf's Church in Tallinn and grew into the first public library of the city, part of whose rare books are still kept in the repository of the Tallinn University Academic Library.贯穿该校馆藏的最早线索可上溯到 1552 年，当时塔林圣奥拉夫教堂设立了一座图书馆，日后发展为塔林第一座公共图书馆，其中一部分珍本至今仍藏于塔林大学学术图书馆的库室。

• The institution itself begins in 1919, the year the Tallinn Teachers' Seminar was established in the capital to train teachers for Estonian-language schools, an origin that gives Tallinn University its standing as the third-oldest university in Estonia.学校本身始于 1919 年，那一年塔林师资讲习所在首都成立，为爱沙尼亚语学校培养教师，正是这段起点让塔林大学位列爱沙尼亚第三古老的大学。

• The same institution has carried several names across its history, first as the Tallinn Teachers' Institute from 1947 to 1952, the immediate post-war phase in which teacher training in the Estonian SSR was reorganised along Soviet lines.这一机构在历史上多次更名，1947 至 1952 年间称塔林师范学院，那是战后初期爱沙尼亚苏维埃社会主义共和国的师资培训按苏联模式改组的阶段。

• From 1952 to 1992 it operated as the Tallinn Pedagogical Institute, the four decades that fixed its profile as a specialist teacher-training college, and its history of teacher training is now carried on inside the university.1952 至 1992 年它以塔林教育学院的名称办学，这四个十年确定了它作为师资培训专门院校的定位，而这段师资培训传统如今由大学内部单位继续承继。

• Estonia restored its independence in 1991, and a year later the institute was promoted to university status as Tallinn Pedagogical University, in Estonian Tallinna Pedagoogikaülikool, the name it kept until the merger of 2005.爱沙尼亚于 1991 年恢复独立，次年学院升格为塔林师范大学，爱沙尼亚语作 Tallinna Pedagoogikaülikool，这一名称一直用到 2005 年合并为止。

• A second pillar of the present university is scholarly infrastructure rather than teaching, since the Tallinn City Pedagogical Museum was established in 1922 to support the schools of Tallinn and to lend out study materials.今日塔林大学的第二根支柱并非教学而是学术基础设施，1922 年设立的塔林市教育博物馆即为当地学校提供支持并出借教学资料。

• In 1946 the Central Library of the Estonian Academy of Sciences was established, and that library became the Academic Library of Tallinn University when it joined the institution in 2003, two years before the merger.1946 年成立爱沙尼亚科学院中央图书馆，该馆于 2003 年并入这所大学而成为塔林大学学术图书馆，比 2005 年的合并早两年。

• Political Science was introduced in 1994 within a Tempus project of the European Union run with the University of Manchester, University College Galway and Tallinn Technical University, and the subject is now taught in the School of Governance, Law and Society.政治学于 1994 年在欧盟 Tempus 计划下创设，合作单位为曼彻斯特大学、高威大学学院与塔林理工大学，这一学科如今在治理、法律与社会学院讲授。

• A chair of demography was created in 1994 and was later developed into the Estonian Institute for Population Studies, established in cooperation with the Estonian Interuniversity Population Research Centre.1994 年设立人口学教席，此后发展为爱沙尼亚人口研究所，该所与爱沙尼亚校际人口研究中心合作建立。

• Continuing education was formalised in 1996, when an open university structure was created at the predecessor institution, the strand that by 2023 enrolled more than 14000 participants each year.继续教育在 1996 年走向制度化，当时前身院校设立了开放大学建制，这一分支到 2023 年每年修读者已超过 14000 人。

• The institute extended beyond the capital in 1998 by opening Haapsalu College, whose aim was to provide higher education and high-quality additional training for educationalists working in western Estonia.1998 年学院把办学延伸到首都之外，开设哈普萨卢学院，旨在为爱沙尼亚西部从教人员提供高等教育与高质量继续培训。

• Rakvere College followed in 1999, giving the teacher-training institution a permanent regional base in northern Estonia to complement the western college at Haapsalu opened a year earlier.1999 年又设拉克维雷学院，为这所师资培训院校在爱沙尼亚北部建立常设基地，与上一年创办的西部哈普萨卢学院相呼应。

• In 2004 the Student Academy was set up jointly with the Ministry of Education and Research and with partners including Swedbank, a scheme that lets talented secondary-school pupils take university-level courses.2004 年与学生事务主管部门教育部以及包括瑞典银行在内的伙伴共同创办学生学院，让优秀中学生选修大学层次课程。

• The founding act of the present university came on 18 March 2005, when Tallinn Pedagogical University, the Estonian Academic Library, the Estonian Institute of Humanities and the History Institute of the Estonian Academy of Sciences were fused into one institution.现今塔林大学的创立文件签署于 2005 年 3 月 18 日，塔林师范大学、爱沙尼亚学术图书馆、爱沙尼亚人文研究所与爱沙尼亚科学院历史研究所合并为一校。

• The logic of that merger was to concentrate humanities, social sciences, library science and teacher education in the capital, so the new university inherited rare-book repositories, archives and established research institutes at a single stroke.合并的思路是把人文、社科、图书馆学与师资培训集中于首都，新校因此一次性继承了珍本库室、档案机构与既有研究所。

• Film education arrived through the Baltic Film School, which joined the university in the years after the merger and took the name Baltic Film, Media, Arts and Communication School under which it still teaches entirely in English.电影教育经由波罗的海电影学校进入该校，这所学校在合并数年后并入塔林大学，并改用波罗的海电影、媒体、艺术传播学院的名称，至今仍以英语授课。

• Estonia's first Confucius Institute was opened at the university in 2010, the first such centre anywhere in the Baltic states, and the university also maintains Chinese studies and Japanese studies centres.爱沙尼亚第一所孔子学院于 2010 年在此设立，也是波罗的海三国地区的第一所，学校还设有汉语研究中心与日语研究中心。

• Membership of European university bodies followed the merger, and Tallinn University now belongs to the European University Association, to UNICA, the network of universities of the capitals of Europe, and to the Baltic Sea Region University Network.合并之后学校加入欧洲高校组织，现为欧洲大学协会会员，也是欧洲首都大学网络 UNICA 与波罗的海区域大学网络的成员。

• After Estonia joined the European Union in 2004 the university steadily widened its catalogue of English-taught degrees, adding distinctive programmes in digital learning games, transmedia, Estonian studies and social entrepreneurship.爱沙尼亚于 2004 年加入欧盟后，该校不断扩大英语授课学位目录，新增数字学习游戏、跨媒体、爱沙尼亚学与社会创业等特色课程。

• Its physical centre was assembled between 2006 and 2020, when new and rebuilt buildings were opened one after another, fixing the university inside the old town at Narva mnt 25 instead of on a suburban site.校园实体中心在 2006 至 2020 年间陆续成型，新楼与改建楼相继启用，使学校固定在老城内的纳尔瓦公路 25 号而非市郊新址。

• Teacher education, the original mission of the 1919 seminar, is carried on by the Institute of Educational Sciences, and the university marks a century of preparing teachers for Estonian schools.1919 年讲习所创设的师资培训这一原始使命现由教育科学研究所承继，该校已为培养爱沙尼亚中小学教师延续了一个世纪。

• By age the university is generally placed third in Estonia behind the University of Tartu, whose founding dates from 1632, and Tallinn University of Technology, which began in 1918, a sequence its own historiography has stressed since 2005.按创办年代该校通常排在爱沙尼亚第三位，次于始于 1632 年的塔尔图大学与始于 1918 年的塔林理工大学，这一排序自 2005 年以来为校史叙述所强调。

Academics

• As of 2023 about 7000 degree students were enrolled at the university with more than 14000 others taking part in continuing education programmes, figures that made it the third largest provider of higher education in Estonia.截至 2023 年，该校注册学位学生约 7000 名，另有逾 14000 人参加继续教育项目，这组数字使它成为爱沙尼亚第三大高等教育供给方。

• The payroll counted 846 employees in 2023, of whom 475 were academic staff, the remainder being library, technical and administrative personnel who run the merged research institutes and the archive collections.2023 年全校雇员 846 人，其中教学科研人员 475 人，其余为图书馆、技术与行政人员，负责运转合并进来的研究所与档案馆藏。

• Ten per cent of degree students were international in 2023, and the university reports that its film school alone draws a student body representing more than 40 countries worldwide.2023 年国际学位学生约占一成，学校称仅其电影学院的学生就来自全球 40 多个国家。

• Teaching is organised in schools and institutes rather than in the classical faculties, among them the School of Governance, Law and Society, the Institute of Educational Sciences and the Estonian Institute for Population Studies.教学单位按学院与研究所建制而非传统学部划分，其中包括治理、法律与社会学院、教育科学研究所与爱沙尼亚人口研究所。

• The Baltic Film, Media, Arts and Communication School is the only institution in Northern Europe teaching film, television and audiovisual production in English, and it ranks among the largest film schools in the region.波罗的海电影、媒体、艺术传播学院是北欧唯一以英语教授电影、电视与视听制作的机构，也是该地区规模最大的电影学院之一。

• That school has been based in the Nova building since the structure was completed in 2012, giving its students purpose-built facilities in the same block as the rest of the humanities faculties in the city centre.该学院自 2012 年诺瓦楼落成后便设于此楼，使其学生与市中心的文科院系同在一栋楼内使用专门建造的设施。

• The university hosts Estonia's only unit devoted to so-called soft information and communication technology, covering social media applications, digital learning ecosystems, interaction design and workplace learning.该校设有爱沙尼亚唯一专注所谓软性信息通信技术的单位，研究范围涵盖社交媒体应用、数字学习生态、交互设计与职场学习。

• Programmes for interactive media and knowledge environments and for digital librarianship have been developed within Erasmus Mundus projects of the European Union, linking the university to a network of partner faculties abroad.交互媒体与知识环境、数字图书馆学等课程是在欧盟 Erasmus Mundus 计划下开发的，使学校与海外合作学系结成网络。

• Anthropology, education and the social sciences and humanities are described as the core research fields of the institution, with the natural sciences counted among the faster-growing areas of its work.人类学、教育学与社会科学、人文科学被列为该校核心研究领域，自然科学则被视为其科研中增长较快的板块。

• In the years after the 2005 merger the structure of the university was reported to comprise 19 research institutes and 5 colleges, an unusual density of small research units for an institution of its size.2005 年合并后的数年里，该校建制被记为 19 个研究所与 5 所学院，对这一规模的高校而言研究单位密度颇高。

• The Academic Library supplies the whole university, conserving the rarities inherited from the sixteenth-century church library and publishing some 25000 digitised items from its own holdings.学术图书馆服务全校，既保存自十六世纪教堂图书馆传承下来的珍本，也公开约 25000 项自藏数字资源。

• Semiotics, cultural theory and translation studies form a visible part of the humanities portfolio, a tradition that connects the university to the Tartu-Moscow school of semiotics through the scholars it has appointed.符号学、文化理论与翻译研究是其人文学科版图的显性部分，该校通过延聘相关学者而与塔尔图-莫斯科符号学派一脉相连。

• Centres for Chinese studies and Japanese studies give Asian languages an institutional home unusual among Estonian universities, and both grew out of the eastern-studies interests of the merged humanities institutes.汉语研究中心与日语研究中心让亚洲语言在这所大学获得在其他爱沙尼亚高校少见的建制位置，两者皆源于合并进来的人文研究所的东方学积累。

• As the national centre for teacher education the university designs training programmes used across Estonian schools, and its academic staff have been described as the shapers of the country's education system.作为全国师资教育中心，该校设计适用于爱沙尼亚各级学校的培训方案，其教学人员被视为该国教育体系的设计者。

• Continuing education is delivered through the open-university tradition begun in 1996, which by 2023 carried more participants than the degree-body itself.继续教育依托 1996 年开启的开放大学传统，到 2023 年其修读人数已超过学位学生本身。

• Doctoral training leans on the research institutes brought in by the merger, the Estonian Institute of Humanities in particular providing the environment for work in history, language and literature.博士生培养依赖合并带入的研究所，其中爱沙尼亚人文研究所尤其为历史、语言与文学研究提供学术环境。

Campus

• The campus of Tallinn University is located in the centre of Tallinn and consists of six connected buildings which carry Latin names, Terra, Astra, Mare, Nova, Silva and Vita, arranged around a campus courtyard.塔林大学校园位于塔林市中心，由六栋相互连通的楼体组成，分别以拉丁文命名为 Terra、Astra、Mare、Nova、Silva 与 Vita，围合出一方校园庭院。

• Terra is the main and oldest building on the campus, erected in 1938 for the Tallinn English College, and the building is now under heritage protection, which constrains how interiors may be modernised.Terra 楼是校园的主楼也是最老的建筑，1938 年为塔林英语中学建造，现属受文物保护的建筑，室内改造因此受限。

• The Mare building was completed in 2006, the first structure added to the campus after the merger of 2005 established a single administrative centre in the old town.Mare 楼于 2006 年建成，是 2005 年合并确立老城统一行政中心之后校园新增的第一栋建筑。

• The Nova building, which houses the Baltic Film and Media School, was completed in 2012 together with the Astra building, doubling the floor space available to the creative-technology disciplines.Nova 楼内设波罗的海电影与媒体学院，与 Astra 楼同时于 2012 年完工，使创意与技术学科可用面积成倍增加。

• The Vita building was completed and opened in January 2020, the newest addition so far and the element that closed the six-building ensemble around the courtyard.Vita 楼于 2020 年 1 月竣工开放，是目前最新的一栋，也使围绕庭院的六楼格局就此完整。

• The Academic Library is located a short walk from the main campus rather than inside it, a legacy of its origin as the Central Library for the Estonian Academy of Sciences in 1946.学术图书馆在主楼步行不远处而非校园之内，这是它 1946 年作为爱沙尼亚科学院中央图书馆创刊时所留下的格局。

• The main address of the university is Narva mnt 25, Tallinn 10120, so the institution is woven into the street plan of the old capital rather than sitting on a greenfield site.大学主址为塔林 10120 纳尔瓦公路 25 号，学校因此嵌在老城的街道格局之中，而非坐落于城市新区的空地。

• Regional reach beyond the six central buildings survives in the college tradition of Haapsalu, opened in 1998, and Rakvere, opened in 1999, which formerly placed teacher training within travelling distance of rural schools.六栋市中心楼体之外的区域触角保留在学院传统中，1998 年设哈普萨卢、1999 年设拉克维雷，早年让乡村教师可以就近接受培训。

Reputation

• In the QS 2027 World University Rankings Tallinn University is placed in the 901-950 band, a position it shares with a group of institutions reported without a single numerical rank.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，塔林大学被列于 901 至 950 区间，同区间的一批院校并不给出单一数字名次。

• The Times Higher Education World Rankings 2027 put the university in the 1001-1200 band, while the US News Best Global Universities table for 2026-2027 carries it at position 1127, the two league tables therefore bracketing the QS band from above.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将该校列于 1001 至 1200 区间，2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名则记为第 1127 位，两份榜单从上方框定了 QS 区间。

• Ranking services match Estonian institutions by similar names, and the US News figure quoted here was taken from a table entry whose name matched the technical university in the capital as well, so the official published league table should be treated as definitive.排名机构常以相近校名匹配爱沙尼亚院校，此处所引 US News 名次的名录同时可能与首都的理工大学相混淆，故应以官方发布榜单为准。

• The university is not listed in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, consistent with an institution whose strengths lie in the humanities, education and media rather than in the laboratory sciences that drive that ranking.该校未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名，这与其优势集中在人文、教育与媒体而非驱动该榜的实验科学相符。

• On reputation and internationalisation indicators the university has been ranked among the top 15 institutions of Emerging Europe and Central Asia for the percentage of international faculty on its payroll.在国际化的单项指标上，该校曾按国际教学人员占比进入新兴欧洲与中亚地区前 15 名。

• According to the 2021 Times Higher Education data its research coefficient was the fourth highest of the institutions measured in the Baltic States, a regional standing that the university presents as its most quoted research indicator.按 2021 年泰晤士高等教育数据，该校科研系数在波罗的海三国参评高校中位居第四，学校将此视为被引用最多的区域性科研指标。

• Quantifiable research output cannot be stated here from the usual bibliographic sources, because automated matching for this entry returned Tallinn University of Technology instead of the university itself, so no work or citation totals are given and the 475 academic staff on the 2023 payroll stand as the measurable input.本条目无法从常规文献计量来源给出可核的科研产出总量，因为自动比对命中的是塔林理工大学而非本校，故不列论文数与被引数，2023 年 475 名教学科研人员是可核的投入指标。

• No Nobel Prize, Turing Award or Fields Medal laureate is recorded among the academic staff or alumni in the sources consulted for this article, which is unsurprising for a university founded on teacher training and cultural studies.本文所据资料未记载该校教职或校友中有诺贝尔奖、图灵奖或菲尔兹奖得主，这对一所以师资培训与文化研究起家的大学而言并不意外。

• At home the university is one of the three largest institutions of higher education in Estonia and the third oldest by foundation, and both QS and Times Higher Education place it among the world top 1000.在国内它是爱沙尼亚规模最大的三所高校之一，按创校年代则居第三，QS 与泰晤士高等教育两份榜单都把该校列入世界千强。

Student life

• The university runs a range of cultural and sport activities, including a symphony orchestra, a men's choir, a women's choir and the folk dance group Soveldaja, all open to students alongside their studies.学校开办多种文艺与体育活动，设有交响乐团、男声合唱团、女声合唱团与民间舞蹈团体 Soveldaja，学生在就读期间皆可参加。

• Because the campus is spread over six connected buildings around a courtyard in the medieval centre, student social life is concentrated in that courtyard and in the cafeterias of the Terra building rather than in a separate hall of residence district.校园由老城内六栋相连楼体围合院落而成，学生的社交生活因此集中在庭院与 Terra 楼的餐饮区，而非独立的宿舍区。

• International students made up about ten per cent of degree enrolments in 2023, and the film school alone draws participants from more than 40 countries, giving small cohorts a strongly cross-cultural composition.2023 年国际学生约占学位注册的十分之一，仅电影学院就吸引 40 多个国家的学员，使小班教学呈现强烈的跨文化构成。

• One of the largest international summer and winter schools in Estonia is organised by the university, drawing roughly 400 participants a year into subject courses taught with visiting scholars.爱沙尼亚规模最大的国际暑期与冬季学校之一由学校主办，每年约 400 名学员修读由访问学者参与讲授的学科课程。

• More than 14000 people took continuing-education programmes in 2023, so a substantial share of the student body consists of working adults who attend evening and blended courses in the central buildings.2023 年有逾 14000 人修读继续教育课程，学生中相当比例是职场成年人，在市中心楼群修读夜间与混合式课程。

• The Student Academy founded in 2004 admits gifted secondary-school pupils to university teaching, and its participants share lectures, studios and the library with degree students.2004 年创办的学生学院录取优秀中学生进入大学课堂，这些学员与学位学生共用讲座、工作室与图书馆。

• As an exchange partner in the Erasmus programme of the European Union the university hosts incoming mobility cohorts each term while sending Estonian students to partner faculties abroad.作为欧盟 Erasmus 计划的交换伙伴院校，该校每学期接待外来交换学生，同时也把爱沙尼亚学生派往海外合作学系。

• Language life on campus extends well beyond Estonian and English, since the Confucius Institute opened in 2010 and the Chinese and Japanese studies centres run public language and culture events.校园语言生活远超爱沙尼亚语与英语，2010 年设立的孔子学院以及汉语、日语研究中心定期举办面向公众的语言文化活动。

Notable people

• Rein Raud holds a professorship of cultural theory and Japanese studies at the university and is one of Estonia's best-known writers and translators, embodying the eastern-studies tradition of the institution.赖因·劳德在校任文化理论与日本研究教授，同时是爱沙尼亚著名作家与翻译家，体现该校的东方学传统。

• Mihhail Lotman, a semiotician and politician who sits among the university's notable faculty, links the institution to the semiotic school associated with his family name and with Tartu.米哈伊尔·洛特曼是符号学家兼政治人物，被列为学校知名教职，其姓氏所系的符号学派与塔尔图学术传统一脉相关。

• Peeter Järvelaid, a legal scholar and former adviser to the Estonian Ministry of Justice, represents the law strand that grew out of the political science programme of 1994.彼得·亚尔韦莱是法律学者，曾任爱沙尼亚司法部顾问，代表该校源自 1994 年政治学课程的法律学科脉络。

• Daniele Monticelli, an Italian semiotician, translation scholar and translator, teaches in the humanities portfolio that the 2005 merger built around the Estonian Institute of Humanities.达尼埃莱·蒙蒂切利是意大利符号学家、翻译学者与译者，任教于 2005 年合并后以爱沙尼亚人文研究所为核心建立的人文学科板块。

• Andres Luure, a philosopher and translator, is counted among the notable faculty of the university, working in the analytical philosophy and translation studies traditions.安德烈斯·卢雷是哲学家与翻译家，被列为学校知名教职，从事分析哲学与翻译研究。

• Michel Poulain, a Belgian demographer known for the concept of the Blue Zone, is listed among the university's faculty, an association that reflects the demography chair created in 1994.米歇尔·普兰是比利时人口学家，以长寿地区概念著称，被列在学校教职名录中，这一关联正源自 1994 年设立的人口学教席。

• Pia Tikka, a filmmaker and academic, belongs to the Baltic Film, Media, Arts and Communication School, the English-language film school that makes the university unusual in Northern Europe.皮亚·蒂卡是电影导演兼学者，属波罗的海电影、媒体、艺术传播学院，正是这所英语授课的电影学院让该校在北欧独树一帜。

• Tõnis Rätsep, a lecturer, actor, musician and academic, illustrates the overlap between the performing arts and the university's own teaching staff.托尼斯·拉特塞普身为准讲师、演员、音乐人与学者，其履历体现表演艺术与本校教职之间的交叉。

• Paul E. Beaudoin, an American composer and music theorist, and Richard Lomax, an American educational psychologist who is also professor of education at Ohio State University, show the breadth of visiting and permanent appointments from the United States.美国作曲家与音乐理论家保罗·博多因、美国教育心理学家理查德·洛马克斯（现任俄亥俄州立大学教育学教授）等人，显示学校自美国延聘教职与访问教授的宽度。

• Katrin Niglas and Hannes Palang, both recorded in Estonian-language sources as members of the academic staff, represent the education-research and human-geography traditions of the merged institution.卡特琳·尼格拉斯与汉内斯·帕朗在爱沙尼亚语资料中均记为该校教学人员，分别代表合并后院校的教育研究与人文地理传统。