Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava

Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava (USV), in Romanian Universitatea Ștefan cel Mare din Suceava, is a public university in Suceava, the capital of Suceava County in the historic region of Bukovina, northeastern Romania.斯特凡大帝大学（Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava，罗马尼亚语 Universitatea Ștefan cel Mare din Suceava，缩写 USV）是罗马尼亚东北部布科维纳历史地区苏恰瓦县首府苏恰瓦市的一所公立大学。

It was founded in 1963 as a three-year Institute of Pedagogy, was reorganised several times under the Romanian communist state and became an independent university by Government Decision 225 of 7 March 1990.学校于 1963 年作为三年制师范学院创办，在罗马尼亚共产党执政时期几经改组，最终依据 1990 年 3 月 7 日第 225 号政府决定成为独立大学。

Named after the Moldavian prince Stephen the Great, it teaches about 9,000 to 10,000 students in eleven faculties and is placed in the 1401+ band of the QS World University Rankings 2027.学校以摩尔多瓦大公斯特凡大帝命名，设有 11 个学院、在校生约 9000 至 1 万人，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列 1401+ 区间。

History

• The first public institution of higher education in Suceava was founded in 1963 as a three-year Institute of Pedagogy, with three faculties covering Letters, Mathematics and Physics, and History and Geography, created to supply teachers for the schools of the region.苏恰瓦第一所公立高等教育机构于 1963 年以三年制师范学院的形式成立，设文学、数学与物理、历史与地理三个学院，任务是为本地区学校培养师资。
• In 1976 the institute was transformed into the Joint Institute for Higher Education, Pedagogical and Technical, combining teacher training with technical programmes in response to the industrialisation of Suceava County.1976 年，学院改组为兼具师范与技术教育性质的联合高等教育学院，把师资培养与技术课程结合起来，以适应苏恰瓦县的工业化进程。
• Between 1984 and 1990 the institution operated as an Institute of Sub-Engineering, subordinated to the Gheorghe Asachi Polytechnic Institute of Iași, today the Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iași, and awarded associate engineering diplomas rather than full university degrees.1984 年至 1990 年，学校作为高等工程专科学校运行，隶属雅西格奥尔基·阿萨基理工学院（今雅西格奥尔基·阿萨基理工大学），颁发的是副工程师文凭而非完整大学学位。
• Power Engineering was introduced in 1985 as a six-year evening programme, the first step towards the electrical engineering training that later became one of the university's defining strengths.1985 年，学校开设六年制夜校电力工程专业，这是其后来形成电气工程优势学科的第一步。
• Evening courses in Automation and Computers followed in 1986, again over six years, and these two specialisations supplied the engineers who staffed the region's factories and power plants.1986 年又开设六年制自动化与计算机夜校课程，这两个专业为当地工厂与发电厂输送了工程师。
• The decisive change came on 7 March 1990, when Government Decision 225 granted the institution the status of an independent university, allowing it to award full engineering and academic degrees under its own name.决定性的转折发生在 1990 年 3 月 7 日，第 225 号政府决定授予学校独立大学地位，使其能够以自身名义颁发完整的工程与学术学位。
• In 1990 the new university introduced five-year day courses in automation and electromechanics and created the Electrotechnics Chair, the forerunner of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering.1990 年，新大学开设五年制自动化与机电一体化全日制课程，并设立电工技术教研室，为电气工程学院的建立奠定了基础。
• The Faculty of Electrical Engineering was established in 1991 together with a Chair of Computers and Automation, and the first generation of Power Engineering students received their engineer diplomas that year.1991 年，电气工程学院与计算机及自动化教研室成立，首批电力工程学生于同年获得工程师文凭。
• During the 1990s the university added faculties in economics, letters, history and geography, forestry, food engineering and physical education, broadening a technical and pedagogical institute into a comprehensive regional university.1990 年代，学校相继增设经济、文学、历史与地理、林业、食品工程与体育等学院，把一所技术与师范院校扩展为综合性地区大学。
• The Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences and the Faculty of Law and Administrative Sciences completed the present eleven-faculty structure, which now covers the five broad areas of arts and humanities, engineering and information technology, life sciences, natural sciences and social sciences.医学与生物科学学院以及法学与行政科学学院的设立，补齐了今日 11 个学院的格局，覆盖人文艺术、工程与信息技术、生命科学、自然科学和社会科学五大领域。
• In September 2008 the executive bureau of ARACIS, the Romanian Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education, awarded the university a High Confidence Rating, the highest institutional grade in the national quality system.2008 年 9 月，罗马尼亚高等教育质量保障署（ARACIS）执行局授予学校“高信任度”评级，这是国家质量体系中的最高院校等级。
• In 2009 the university was ranked fourth in a survey by the Kienbaum management consultancy and the financial magazine Capital on the image universities have among Romanian employers, its strongest result in that annual exercise.2009 年，在 Kienbaum 管理咨询公司与《Capital》财经杂志联合开展的罗马尼亚雇主高校形象调查中，学校位列第四，这是其在该年度调查中的最好成绩。
• Radio USV, the university's student radio station, began broadcasting at the start of the 2010s, with its continuous activity dated from 2011, and it remains one of the few campus radio stations in Moldavia.学校的学生广播电台 Radio USV 于 2010 年代初开播，其持续运营时间可追溯至 2011 年，至今仍是摩尔多瓦地区少数校园电台之一。
• The Digital Media Center, a student television operation based in the students' house on campus, launched its channel in 2018 and produces news, cultural programmes and coverage of university events.数字媒体中心（DMC）是设于校园学生之家的学生电视机构，于 2018 年开播，制作新闻、文化节目与学校活动报道。
• All student dormitory buildings on the main campus were renovated by late October 2023, a project that modernised heating, insulation and common spaces for several thousand residents.主校区全部学生宿舍楼于 2023 年 10 月下旬完成翻新，工程改造了供暖、保温与公共空间，惠及数千名住宿学生。
• The university marked its sixtieth anniversary in 2023, sixty years after the 1963 Institute of Pedagogy and thirty-three years after it became an independent university in 1990.学校于 2023 年迎来六十周年，此时距 1963 年师范学院创办已六十年，距 1990 年成为独立大学已三十三年。
• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the university is placed in the 1401+ band, and because QS publishes this as a shared group rather than an individual position, the result cannot be read as a precise national ordering.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，学校位列 1401+ 区间；由于 QS 以并列组别而非具体名次公布这一区间，该结果不能被理解为精确的国内排序。
• The university is named after Stephen the Great, the Moldavian prince who ruled from 1457 to 1504 and made Suceava the capital of his state, a connection the institution uses to anchor itself in the medieval history of Moldavia.学校以斯特凡大帝命名，这位摩尔多瓦大公于 1457 年至 1504 年在位并把苏恰瓦定为都城，学校借此把自己锚定在摩尔多瓦的中世纪历史之中。
• Its official history also claims the educational traditions of Bukovina, citing the princely schools of northern Moldavia, the Putna Academy, the Theological Institute, the University of Chernivtsi and the Forestry Faculty of Câmpulung Moldovenesc.学校官方校史还上溯布科维纳的教育传统，列举摩尔多瓦北部的王公学校、普特纳学院、神学院、切尔诺夫策大学与坎普隆格摩尔多韦内斯克林学院。
• During the 2018-19 academic year the university reported international agreements with institutions in more than forty countries, from France, Germany and Italy to China, Japan, South Korea and the United Kingdom, and it is a partner of the EUROSCI Network.2018 至 2019 学年，学校报告与四十多个国家的高校签订合作协议，范围从法国、德国、意大利到中国、日本、韩国与英国，并且是 EUROSCI 网络的伙伴院校。

Academics

• Stefan cel Mare University is organised into eleven faculties, a structure confirmed by its current faculty list: Economics and Public Administration, Educational Sciences, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Food Engineering, Forestry, History and Geography, Law and Administrative Sciences, Letters and Communication Sciences, Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Management, Medicine and Biological Sciences, and Physical Education and Sports.斯特凡大帝大学设有 11 个学院，现行院系名单包括经济与公共管理学院、教育科学学院、电气工程与计算机科学学院、食品工程学院、林学院、历史与地理学院、法学与行政科学学院、文学与传播科学学院、机械工程与机电一体化及管理学院、医学与生物科学学院以及体育学院。
• The Faculty of Economics and Public Administration is one of the university's largest units, training economists, accountants, public administrators and tourism specialists for a region whose economy combines forestry, agriculture, manufacturing and cross-border trade with Ukraine.经济与公共管理学院是学校规模最大的院系之一，为融合林业、农业、制造业与对乌克兰边境贸易的地区培养经济学家、会计师、公共管理人才与旅游专业人员。
• The Faculty of Educational Sciences descends from the 1963 Institute of Pedagogy and trains kindergarten, primary and secondary teachers, continuing the institution's original mission of supplying the schools of Suceava County.教育科学学院承自 1963 年的师范学院，培养幼儿、小学与中学教师，延续了学校为苏恰瓦县学校输送师资的最初使命。
• The Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science is the direct heir of the 1985 power engineering programme and the 1991 electrical engineering faculty, and it teaches electrical engineering, computer engineering, automation and applied electronics.电气工程与计算机科学学院直接承自 1985 年电力工程专业与 1991 年电气工程学院，教授电气工程、计算机工程、自动化与应用电子学。
• The Faculty of Food Engineering works on food processing, food safety, biotechnology and sensory analysis, drawing on the agricultural and forestry economy of Bucovina and on the university's laboratory capacity in materials and chemistry.食品工程学院研究食品加工、食品安全、生物技术与感官分析，依托布科维纳的农林业经济以及学校在材料与化学领域的实验能力。
• The Faculty of Forestry is one of the few such faculties in Romania and trains foresters, wildlife managers and environmental specialists for the Carpathian forests that surround Suceava.林学院是罗马尼亚少数林学院之一，为环绕苏恰瓦的喀尔巴阡山林培养林学家、野生动物管理者与环境专业人才。
• The Faculty of History and Geography combines history, archaeology, geography and territorial planning, and uses Bukovina's monasteries, fortresses and multi-ethnic villages as field sites for teaching and research.历史与地理学院融合历史学、考古学、地理学与国土规划，把布科维纳的修道院、城堡与多民族村落作为教学与研究田野点。
• The Faculty of Law and Administrative Sciences offers law, public administration and European studies, preparing graduates for the courts, local government and the cross-border institutions of the Romania-Ukraine frontier.法学与行政科学学院开设法学、公共行政与欧洲研究，为法院、地方政府以及罗乌边境的跨境机构培养毕业生。
• The Faculty of Letters and Communication Sciences teaches Romanian, English, French and German language and literature, journalism, communication and cultural studies, and is led by the literary critic Mircea A. Diaconu.文学与传播科学学院教授罗马尼亚语、英语、法语与德语语言文学、新闻学、传播学与文化研究，由文学批评家米尔恰·A·迪亚科努主持。
• The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Management covers mechanical design, mechatronics, industrial engineering and engineering management, linking the university to the machine-building and automotive suppliers of the Suceava region.机械工程、机电一体化与管理学院涵盖机械设计、机电一体化、工业工程与工程管理，把学校与苏恰瓦地区的机械制造及汽车零部件供应商联系起来。
• The Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences offers medicine, nursing, biology and biochemistry, and its clinical training relies on hospitals in Suceava, including the county emergency hospital.医学与生物科学学院开设医学、护理学、生物学与生物化学，其临床教学依托苏恰瓦的医院，包括县急救医院。
• The Faculty of Physical Education and Sports trains teachers, coaches and sports managers and operates the campus football pitch and swimming pool used by students across the university.体育学院培养体育教师、教练与体育管理人员，并管理全校学生使用的校园足球场与游泳池。
• The university offers more than 100 programmes at bachelor, master, doctoral and post-doctoral level across its five faculty areas, from engineering and information technology to humanities, natural sciences and social sciences.学校在工程与信息技术、人文、自然科学与社会科学等五大领域开设 100 多个本科、硕士、博士与博士后项目。
• Enrolment is in the range of 9,000 to 10,000 students according to uniRank, with teaching staff in the range of 500 to 600, making it a medium-sized university by Romanian standards.据 uniRank 统计，学校在校生约 9000 至 1 万人、教师约 500 至 600 人，按罗马尼亚标准属于中等规模大学。
• Doctoral studies are organised through the university's doctoral schools, with research concentrated in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, forestry, economics, history and philology, and post-doctoral programmes are offered in several of these fields.博士培养由学校博士学院组织，研究集中于电气工程、机械工程、林业、经济学、历史学与语文学，其中多个领域还设有博士后项目。
• Teaching is mainly in Romanian, and the university is open to international students from the European Union and beyond, offering Romanian-language preparation and a limited number of English-taught master's programmes in business, law and engineering.教学主要以罗马尼亚语进行，学校向欧盟及欧盟以外留学生开放，提供罗马尼亚语预科以及商科、法学与工程领域的少量英语授课硕士项目。

Campus

• The main campus is at Strada Universității number 13 in the Areni neighbourhood of Suceava, a short walk from the town hall and the city centre, and it is the only university campus in the city.主校区位于苏恰瓦市阿雷尼街区的大学街 13 号，步行可达市政厅与市中心，是苏恰瓦市唯一的大学校园。
• The campus is built around a series of interconnected blocks labelled A to E, which house lecture halls, laboratories, administrative offices and several faculty libraries, with Building E among the most recent additions.校园由编号 A 至 E 的相互连接的教学楼群组成，容纳阶梯教室、实验室、行政办公室与多个院系图书室，其中 E 楼是较新的建筑。
• The university library occupies its own building on campus and serves as the central lending and reference point for the faculties, with reading rooms, electronic resources and a collection focused on engineering, economics, forestry and the humanities.大学图书馆拥有独立馆舍，是各学院借阅与参考咨询的中心，设有阅览室、电子资源以及以工程、经济、林业与人文学科为主的馆藏。
• Student dormitories stand within the main campus, and their renovation in October 2023 modernised the buildings that house several thousand students, most of whom come from Suceava County and neighbouring counties.学生宿舍位于主校区内，2023 年 10 月的翻新工程改造了可容纳数千名学生的宿舍楼，住宿者多来自苏恰瓦县及邻近各县。
• A large football pitch and a swimming pool are part of the campus sports base, used for the physical education curriculum, student teams and public swimming programmes.大型足球场与游泳池构成校园体育设施，用于体育课程、学生代表队训练以及面向公众的游泳项目。
• An astronomical observatory stands near one of the campus buildings and supports the university's physics and science outreach, including public observing nights for schools in Suceava.校园建筑附近设有一座天文台，支撑学校物理与科学普及活动，包括面向苏恰瓦中小学的公众观星夜。
• The students' house on campus contains the Digital Media Center's television studio and provides rehearsal, performance and meeting space for student organisations.校园内的学生之家设有数字媒体中心的电视演播室，并为学生组织提供排练、演出与会议空间。
• The university also operates a branch campus in Vatra Dornei, a mountain resort town in southern Bukovina, which extends its teaching and continuing education into the Carpathian valleys.学校还在布科维纳南部山城瓦特拉多尔内设有分校，把教学与继续教育延伸到喀尔巴阡山谷地区。
• Suceava itself is a city of about 100,000 people, dominated by the medieval Seat Fortress of Stephen the Great and by the painted monasteries that draw visitors to southern Bukovina.苏恰瓦本身是一座约十万人口的城市，以斯特凡大帝的中世纪王座城堡与吸引游客的布科维纳彩绘修道院著称。
• The campus sits between the historic centre and the newer residential districts, so students can reach the fortress, the railway station and the commercial streets on foot or by the city's trolleybus and bus network.校园位于历史中心与新建住宅区之间，学生步行或乘市内无轨电车与公交即可到达城堡、火车站与商业街。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the university is placed in the 1401+ band, the final published group of ranked institutions, which does not assign individual positions within the band.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，学校位列 1401+ 区间，这是榜单最后公布的院校组别，组内不再区分具体名次。
• Its position in the 1401+ band places it in the same published group as a large number of universities worldwide, a reminder that the QS table expands and reshuffles from year to year.学校所处的 1401+ 区间使其与全球大量高校同处一个公布组别，这也提醒人们 QS 榜单每年都会扩容并重新洗牌。
• The university does not appear in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, and it is also absent from the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities and the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking.学校未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，也未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名与 2026-2027 年度 U.S. News 全球最佳大学排名。
• Its institutional quality is documented nationally by the High Confidence Rating awarded by ARACIS in September 2008, the top grade in Romania's higher education quality assurance system.学校的办学质量由国家层面的认可所印证：2008 年 9 月获得罗马尼亚高等教育质量保障署 ARACIS 的最高等级“高信任度”评级。
• The fourth place in the 2009 Kienbaum and Capital employer survey placed it among the Romanian universities whose graduates were most favourably regarded by employers at that time.2009 年 Kienbaum 与《Capital》的雇主调查把学校列为第四，使其跻身当时罗马尼亚雇主评价最好的高校之列。
• EduRank placed the university 16th in Romania in its 2023 national table, a third-party estimate that complements the official quality assessment and the QS position.EduRank 在 2023 年全国榜单中把学校列为罗马尼亚第 16 位，这一第三方估算可与官方质量评估及 QS 位次相互参照。
• QS includes the university in its world table and lists programmes across all five faculty areas, from engineering and natural sciences to humanities and social sciences.QS 将学校纳入其世界榜单，并列出其覆盖工程、自然科学、人文与社会科学等五大领域的课程。
• Within Romania it competes chiefly with the technical universities of Iași and Cluj-Napoca in engineering, while its forestry, food engineering and education programmes serve the specific economy of north-eastern Romania.在罗马尼亚国内，学校在工程领域主要与雅西和克卢日的理工大学竞争，其林业、食品工程与教育项目则服务罗马尼亚东北部的特定经济结构。
• Its regional reputation rests on the training of engineers for the power, automation and machine-building industries of Suceava County, a role that dates from the 1985 power engineering programme.学校的地区声誉建立在为苏恰瓦县电力、自动化与机械制造工业培养工程师之上，这一角色可追溯到 1985 年的电力工程专业。

Student life

• The university presents its identity through the phrase Tradition and Excellence, a pairing that appears in its promotional material rather than in a formal Latin motto.学校以“传统与卓越”概括自身形象，这一表述见于其宣传材料，而非正式的拉丁文校训。
• Radio USV has operated since 2011 as a student-run station, broadcasting music, campus news and interviews with teachers and visiting artists, and it trains students in audio production.Radio USV 自 2011 年起作为学生运营的电台播出音乐、校园新闻以及对教师与来访艺术家的访谈，并培训学生的音频制作能力。
• The Digital Media Center's television channel, on air since 2018, gives communication and computer science students practical experience in filming, editing and broadcasting university events.数字媒体中心的电视频道自 2018 年开播，为传播学与计算机科学学生提供拍摄、剪辑与转播学校活动的实践机会。
• Dormitory life is central to student culture because most undergraduates come from outside Suceava, and the renovated halls host floor-based social and sporting competitions organised by the student representatives.宿舍生活是学生文化的核心，因为多数本科生来自苏恰瓦以外地区，翻新后的宿舍楼由学生代表组织楼层社交与体育比赛。
• The campus football pitch and swimming pool support inter-faculty tournaments and are open to student recreation, while the surrounding Carpathian hills offer hiking and skiing within easy reach of the city.校园足球场与游泳池承办院际比赛并向学生休闲开放，周边的喀尔巴阡山林地使徒步与滑雪近在咫尺。
• The students' house functions as a cultural centre with rehearsal rooms, a performance hall and the television studio, and it hosts concerts, film screenings and the annual welcome events for new students.学生之家兼具文化中心功能，设有排练室、演出厅与电视演播室，承办音乐会、电影放映以及每年度的新生欢迎活动。
• The city of Suceava adds a medieval and monastic dimension to student life, with the Seat Fortress, the Bucovina Village Museum and the painted monasteries of Voroneț, Humor and Moldovița within day-trip distance.苏恰瓦市为学生生活增添了中世纪与修道院文化维度，王座城堡、布科维纳乡村博物馆以及沃罗内茨、胡莫尔与莫尔多维察彩绘修道院都在一日游范围内。
• International students, though a small minority, are integrated through Romanian-language courses and Erasmus exchanges, and the university's border position gives students easy access to Ukraine and the wider Black Sea region.留学生虽然只占少数，但通过罗马尼亚语课程与 Erasmus 交流融入校园，学校地处边境的位置也使学生便于前往乌克兰与更广泛的黑海地区。

Notable people

• Stephen the Great (1433-1504), Prince of Moldavia from 1457 to 1504, is the university's namesake and the ruler who made Suceava his capital, built the Seat Fortress and founded the Putna Monastery.斯特凡大帝（1433-1504）是 1457 年至 1504 年在位的摩尔多瓦大公、学校的命名来源，他把苏恰瓦定为都城、修筑王座城堡并创建普特纳修道院。
• Gheorghe Asachi (1788-1869), the Moldavian writer, engineer and educational reformer, gave his name to the Iași polytechnic to which the Suceava institute was subordinated between 1984 and 1990.格奥尔基·阿萨基（1788-1869）是摩尔多瓦作家、工程师与教育改革者，雅西理工学院以他命名，而苏恰瓦的这所学校在 1984 年至 1990 年间正隶属该学院。
• Valentin Popa, a professor in the Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, has served as rector since 2012 and later became Romania's Minister of National Education.瓦伦丁·波帕是计算机、电子与自动化系教授，自 2012 年起任校长，后出任罗马尼亚国民教育部长。
• Mihai Dimian, a professor of electrical engineering, succeeded Valentin Popa as rector and has led the university's expansion of research in applied mathematics, sensors and intelligent systems.米哈伊·迪米安是电气工程教授，接替瓦伦丁·波帕出任校长，主导学校在应用数学、传感器与智能系统领域的研究扩展。
• Mircea A. Diaconu, born in Boroaia in 1963, is a literary critic, philologist and professor at the university who serves as dean of the Faculty of Letters and Communication Sciences and is a member of the Romanian Writers' Union.米尔恰·A·迪亚科努 1963 年生于博罗阿亚，是文学批评家、语文学家与学校教授，任文学与传播科学学院院长，并为罗马尼亚作家协会会员。
• Gheorghe Flutur, a Romanian politician who has served as president of the Suceava County Council and as Minister of Agriculture, studied economics at the university and is counted among its prominent alumni.格奥尔基·弗卢图尔是罗马尼亚政治家，曾任苏恰瓦县议会主席与农业部长，在该校学习经济学，是学校知名校友之一。
• Norman Manea, the Romanian writer born in Suceava in 1936 and later a professor in the United States, belongs to the city's literary tradition that the university invokes, though he is not a graduate of the institution.诺曼·马内阿是 1936 年生于苏恰瓦的罗马尼亚作家、后在美国任教授，他属于学校所追溯的城市文学传统，但并非该校毕业生。
• Ion Nistor (1876-1962), the Bukovinian historian who served as rector of the University of Chernivtsi and as a Romanian minister, represents the regional academic tradition that the university's official history claims.扬·尼斯托尔（1876-1962）是布科维纳历史学家，曾任切尔诺夫策大学校长与罗马尼亚部长，代表学校官方校史所追溯的地区学术传统。
• Ion Grămadă (1886-1917), a writer and historian from Bukovina who died in the First World War, is another figure in the regional cultural lineage cited in the university's self-description.扬·格勒默达（1886-1917）是布科维纳作家与历史学家，死于第一次世界大战，也是学校自我叙述中所引地区文化谱系的人物之一。
• Emanuel Diaconescu, a professor and corresponding member of the Romanian Academy, is associated with the academic network of Suceava and exemplifies the university's links to the national academy system.埃马努埃尔·迪亚科内斯库是教授、罗马尼亚科学院通讯院士，与苏恰瓦的学术网络相联系，体现学校与国家科学院体系的连接。
• The university has not produced a Nobel laureate, and its reputation instead rests on the engineers, teachers, foresters and public officials trained since 1963 for north-eastern Romania.学校尚未产生诺贝尔奖得主，其声誉主要建立在 1963 年以来为罗马尼亚东北部培养的工程师、教师、林业工作者与公共管理人员之上。