Sechenov University

Sechenov University, formally the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, is a public medical university in Moscow, Russia, whose predecessor, the Medical School of Moscow University, was founded in 1758 as the first medical school in Russia.谢切诺夫大学全称伊·姆·谢切诺夫第一莫斯科国立医科大学，是俄罗斯莫斯科的一所公立医科大学，其前身莫斯科国立大学医学系创立于1758年，是俄罗斯第一所医学院。

The university operates 20 affiliated hospitals, 10 Russian national medical research centres, 32 laboratories and institutes and the Russian National Medical Library, with 2,079 professors including 78 members of the Russian Academy of Sciences.学校设有20所附属医院、10个俄罗斯国家医学研究中心、32个实验室与研究所以及俄罗斯国家医学图书馆，拥有2079名教授，其中包括78名俄罗斯科学院院士。

Russians call it the First Medical Center because its medical ranking has long stood first in Russia and Eastern Europe, and in the QS World University Rankings 2027 it is placed in the 851-900 band.俄罗斯人长期称其为「第一医学中心」，其医学排名位居俄罗斯及东欧第一，在2027年QS世界大学排名中该校位列第851-900档。

History

• In 1755 Moscow Imperial University, today's Lomonosov Moscow State University and a separate institution from the medical university, was officially established and held its opening ceremony.1755年，莫斯科帝国大学正式创立并举行开学典礼，该校即今日的莫斯科国立大学，与医科大学是两所互不隶属的独立院校。

• In 1758 Empress Elizabeth of Russia ordered the foundation of the Medical School of Moscow University, the first medical faculty in Russia and the recognised starting point of today's Sechenov University.1758年，俄罗斯女皇伊丽莎白下令设立莫斯科大学医学系，这是俄罗斯第一所医学院，也被视为今日谢切诺夫大学的公认起点。

• On August 13, 1758 the German medicine professor Johann Christian Kerstens delivered the first official lectures, opening more than 260 years of continuous medical teaching at the institution.1758年8月13日，德国医学教授约翰·克里斯蒂安·克斯特森正式开讲，由此开启该校逾260年延续不断的医学教育。

• In 1791 Moscow University obtained the right to confer doctoral degrees in medicine, becoming the first university in Russia empowered to award the medical doctorate.1791年，莫斯科大学取得医学博士学位授予权，成为俄罗斯第一所有权授予医学博士学位的大学。

• At the 12th International Medical Congress held in Moscow in 1897, delegates from many countries praised the standard of the university's medical faculty, and the German pathologist Rudolf Virchow urged participants to learn from the Russians.1897年在莫斯科召开的第十二届国际医生大会上，各国与会者高度赞扬该校医学系的水平，德国病理学家鲁道夫·菲尔肖当场呼吁同行「向俄国人学习」。

• In 1917, after the October Revolution, the imperial university was renamed Moscow State University and its medical faculty became the Medical Faculty of Moscow State University.1917年十月革命后，帝国大学改称莫斯科国立大学，其医学系更名为莫斯科大学医学系。

• In 1930 the Soviet reform of higher education detached the medical faculty entirely from Moscow University and reconstituted it as the research-oriented First Moscow State Medical Institute.1930年，苏联高等教育改革使医学系完全脱离莫斯科大学，改组为研究导向的第一莫斯科国立医学院。

• Professors of the new institute took part in founding the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences in December 1944, and its first president was Nikolai Burdenko, then head of the institute's surgery department.新学院教授直接参与创建1944年12月成立的全联盟医学科学院，其首任院长是时任学院外科教研室主任的尼古拉·布连科。

• In 1953 Academician Herzen founded the largest clinical surgical hospital in the history of Russian surgery as a hospital directly subordinate to the First Moscow State Medical Institute.1953年，赫尔岑院士创建俄罗斯外科史上规模最大的临床外科医院，直属于第一莫斯科国立医学院。

• In 1955 the institute was formally named after Ivan Sechenov, the physiologist honoured as the father of Russian physiology, giving the university the Sechenov identity it keeps today.1955年，学院正式以被誉为「俄罗斯生理学之父」的生理学家伊万·谢切诺夫命名，大学由此得到沿用至今的谢切诺夫之名。

• Throughout the Soviet period the medical institute was already the oldest and one of the largest medical centres in Russia, and most Russian medical scientists of the era graduated from it.整个苏联时期，该医学院已是俄罗斯历史最久、规模最大的医学中心之一，当时的多数俄罗斯医学家均毕业于此。

• In 2010 the school was officially renamed the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, the title it still carries, while its earlier Moscow Medical Academy name survives in records of the institution.2010年，学院正式更名为伊·姆·谢切诺夫第一莫斯科国立医科大学并沿用至今，其早年的莫斯科医学科学院名称仍保留在院校记录中。

• Since the 1930 separation the university has remained administratively distinct from Lomonosov Moscow State University even though both trace their institutional roots to the imperial university founded in 1755.自1930年分离以来，该校在行政上始终与莫斯科国立大学互不隶属，尽管两校的机构源头都可追溯到1755年创建的帝国大学。

• On September 28, 2016 the university signed an agreement with the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center under which Sechenov graduates may undertake clinical specialty rotations at the centre.2016年9月28日，谢切诺夫大学与得克萨斯大学安德森癌症中心签署协议，该校毕业生可赴该中心完成临床专科轮转。

• In 2020 the university successfully completed the trials of the world's first registered COVID-19 vaccine, a result the Chinese-language institutional record notes as recognised by the World Health Organization.2020年，该校成功完成全球首款注册新冠疫苗的研制试验，中文院校档案记载这一成果获得世界卫生组织认可。

• In 2022 Sechenov University and seven leading world universities, including Johns Hopkins University and Duke University, jointly established an institute of international personalised and translational medicine.2022年，谢切诺夫大学与约翰斯·霍普金斯大学、杜克大学等七所世界一流高校合作创办国际个性化与转化医学学院。

• In 2023 the university and Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University opened a joint laboratory for three-dimensional bioprinting and regenerative medicine focused on reconstructive surgical materials.2023年，该校与上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院共同开设中俄联合3D生物打印与再生医学实验室，重点研发整复外科材料。

• In 2024 Sechenov University reached an agreement with the national cardiovascular centre affiliated to the Peking Union Medical College for joint research on left ventricular assist devices and mechanical hearts.2024年，谢切诺夫大学与中国医学科学院阜外医院达成协议，联合开展左心室辅助装置即机械心脏研究。

• Also in 2024 the university held departmental academic seminars with Peking University Cancer Hospital on gastrointestinal surgical oncology, thoracic tumour surgery and precision treatment of breast cancer.同样在2024年，该校与北京大学肿瘤医院分专业举办胃肠肿瘤外科、胸部肿瘤外科与乳腺癌精准治疗主题的学术研讨会。

• In 2024 specialists from West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Sechenov professors exchanged work on artificial-intelligence algorithms and clinical practice in digestive endoscopy.2024年，四川大学华西医院团队与谢切诺夫大学专家围绕消化内镜人工智能技术应用与算法开发开展交流学习。

• In 2025 Sechenov experts reported modern methods for treating malignant tumours at the national cancer centre affiliated to the medical college in Beijing, including surgical questions of breast cancer.2025年，谢切诺夫大学专家在北京的中国国家肿瘤中心报告不同部位恶性肿瘤的现代治疗方法，其中包括乳腺癌手术议题。

• The university has set a target for 2030 by which digital transformation will comprehensively reshape its education, research and clinical processes toward a world-class research medical university model.学校设定了2030年目标，届时数字化转型将全面改造其教育、科研与临床流程，建成世界一流研究型医科大学模式。

Academics

• Undergraduate teaching is organised in the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Pharmacy, the Faculty of Pediatrics, the Faculty of Preventive Medicine and the Faculty of Dentistry.本科教学由医学系、药学系、儿科系、预防医学系与口腔医学系五个学系承担。

• International applicants may start in a Preparatory Department, while the Institute of Professional Education and the Center of Master's Programs run vocational and master-level study beyond the clinical faculties.国际申请者可从预科系入学，职业教育学院与硕士项目中心则在临床学系之外开设职业教育与硕士层次培养。

• Physicians already in practice return through the Faculty of Postgraduate Professional Training of Physicians for continuing education inside the university's hospital network.执业医师可通过医师毕业后职业培训系重返该校医院网络接受继续教育。

• Russian-taught programmes award the traditional Russian specialist medical degree, whereas English-taught programmes graduate holders of the internationally recognised MD or DMD qualification.俄语授课项目颁发俄罗斯传统医学专家学位，英语授课项目毕业者获授国际通行的医学博士或牙科医学博士学位。

• The recognitions recorded for its qualifications include the United States commission for foreign medical graduates, the education ministry of China, the medical councils of Britain and Australia, the European association for medical education and the World Health Organization.其学历获得的认可包括美国外国医学毕业生教育委员会、中国教育部、英国与澳大利亚医学委员会、欧洲医学教育协会以及世界卫生组织。

• Chinese-language institutional profiles describe Sechenov as a supreme national medical centre under the Russian federal health ministry and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.中文院校档案将谢切诺夫大学描述为隶属俄罗斯联邦卫生部与俄罗斯医学科学院的最高国家医学中心。

• Research at the university spans medicine, biology, chemistry, pathology, genetics, biochemistry, psychology, surgery, computer science and engineering according to its own research-centre description.据学校科研中心介绍，其研究覆盖医学、生物学、化学、病理学、遗传学、生物化学、心理学、外科学、计算机科学与工程学。

• The ten national medical research centres hosted by the university cover neurosurgery, oncology and cancer, stomatology, plastic surgery, traumatology and orthopaedics, microsurgery and ophthalmology, anaesthesia and resuscitation, pulmonary diseases and urology, together with an international medical centre.学校承办的10个俄罗斯国家医学研究中心涵盖神经外科、肿瘤癌症、口腔医学、整形外科、创伤重建与骨科、显微外科与眼科、麻醉与复苏、肺病及泌尿外科，另设一座俄罗斯国际医学中心。

• Alongside those centres operate 32 laboratories and institutes, which the university presents as the backbone of research linking its clinics and its bench science.与这些中心并行的是32个实验室与研究所，校方将其定位为连接临床与基础科研的转化研究主干。

• The institutional profile records 20,131 enrolled students and a workforce counted at 8,180 employees, figures carried in Chinese-language university directories.院校档案记在校生20131人，全校雇员统计为8180人，相关数字见于中文院校名录。

• An as-of-2023 profile tallies more than 2,000 medical experts, 543 professors, 47 members of the Russian Academy of Sciences and over 100 holders of Russian state, presidential or government awards.一份截至2023年的资料显示全校有2000余名医学专家、543名教授、47名俄罗斯科学院院士，以及100余位俄罗斯国家奖、总统奖与政府奖获得者。

• The university also lists more than 70 honoured scientists of the Russian Federation and members of the American Academy of Sciences among its academic community.校方学术队伍名录中还列有70余位俄罗斯联邦功勋科学家以及美国科学院院士。

• Clinical training relies on 197 medical practice bases attached to the university, so students rotate through working hospital wards long before graduation.临床培训依托学校所属的197个医学实习基地，学生在毕业前须长期轮转真实医院科室。

• International cooperation spans more than 150 leading foreign universities and research centres across 48 countries, including the United States, Germany, Britain, China, Japan, Norway and South Korea.学校与48个国家的150余所海外一流大学及研究中心开展合作，涵盖美国、德国、英国、中国、日本、挪威与韩国。

• Named partners include Johns Hopkins University, Duke University, the University of Cambridge, the Technical University of Munich, Hannover Medical School, the Vienna medical university, Gothenburg, Erasmus and Peking Union Medical College.具名合作院校包括约翰斯·霍普金斯大学、杜克大学、剑桥大学、慕尼黑工业大学、汉诺威医学院、维也纳医科大学、哥德堡大学、伊拉斯谟大学以及北京协和医学院。

• The Russian National Medical Library, operated by the university, is recorded as a standing national resource for specialised medical literature serving students and clinicians.学校所属的俄罗斯国家医学图书馆被记载为面向师生与临床医师的专门医学文献国家资源。

Campus

• The university is located in Moscow, the capital of Russia and one of the largest cities in Europe, with its clinical and research facilities distributed through the city rather than a single enclosed ground.学校地处俄罗斯首都、欧洲最大城市之一的莫斯科，其临床与科研设施分布于全城，而非集中于一处封闭园区。

• The Clinical Center traces its own foundation to 1897 and is described as the highest national medical centre of Russia and one of the largest clinical complexes in Europe.临床中心肇始于1897年，被称为俄罗斯最高国家医学中心，也是欧洲规模最大的临床中心之一。

• The Clinical Center comprises 20 large affiliated hospitals, university specialty clinics and 197 medical practice bases, including five numbered clinical hospitals carrying the university's name.临床中心由20所大型附属医院、大学专科诊所与197个医学实习基地构成，包括五所以校名命名的编号临床医院。

• Specialised facilities include the women and children's hospital known as the Mother and Child Center, the stomatological hospital acting as a dental center, and a cardiovascular hospital serving as a cardiac centre.专科设施包括称「母婴中心」的妇儿医院、承担「牙科中心」职能的口腔病医院，以及充当心血管中心的血管外科医院。

• As of 2024 the Clinical Center employs 8,180 staff, most of them holding medical doctorates, and treats more than 500,000 in-patients and out-patients every year.截至2024年，临床中心有员工8180人，多数拥有医学博士学位，每年服务住院与门诊患者逾50万人次。

• More than half of the Center's surgical operations count as high-technology procedures, including extensive use of the Da Vinci robotic surgery system.临床中心超过一半的外科手术属高精尖术式，其中包括达芬奇手术机器人系统的广泛使用。

• The Center provides medical services in more than 40 specialties and doubles as the internship ground where the university trains its clinical students.该中心可开展40余个专科的医疗服务，同时是学校医学生接受临床实习的实训场地。

• The Russian International Medical Center listed among the affiliated facilities gives the campus a standing channel for treating patients from abroad.附属设施名录中的俄罗斯国际医学中心为校园增添了面向海外患者的常设诊疗通道。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Sechenov University is placed in the 851-900 band, tied with the other institutions carrying the same interval.在2027年QS世界大学排名中，谢切诺夫大学位列第851-900档，与同档院校并列。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 list the university in the 1201-1400 band.在2027年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校位列第1201-1400档。

• In the 2026-27 edition of the U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking the university holds position 497.在2026-27年度US News全球最佳大学排名中，该校列第497位。

• The university does not appear in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, the ARWU main table of 1,000 institutions.该校未进入2026年软科世界大学学术排名1000行主榜。

• Subject-wise the Chinese-language profile records Sechenov at 51st in the world for dentistry in QS subject tables while placing its medicine first in Russia and Eastern Europe.学科层面，中文档案记载该校口腔医学在QS学科排名中列全球第51位，医学则居俄罗斯及东欧第一。

• The university describes its comprehensive strength as standing within the top three per cent of world-class medical universities in English-language institutional material.英文院校材料中，校方自述综合实力位居世界一流医科大学前3%。

• Its research centre reports 26,233 scientific publications and 205,818 citations as of February 2024, a figure published by the university itself rather than taken from a ranking database.其科研中心自报截至2024年2月发表论文26233篇、获引用205818次，该产出数字出自校方统计而非排名数据库。

• English sources record that most Russian medical scientists graduated from the university, which Russians have for centuries nicknamed the First Medical Center.英文资料记载多数俄罗斯医学家毕业于该校，俄罗斯人则数百年来一直昵称其为「第一医学中心」。

• The honours ledger lists 78 members of the Russian Academy of Sciences and 10 members of the American Academy of Sciences among its people, plus four Nobel honorary professorships recorded in the Chinese profile.荣誉名单显示该校队伍中有俄罗斯科学院院士78名、美国科学院院士10名，中文档案另记有4位诺贝尔奖荣誉教授。

Student life

• International applicants commonly begin in the Preparatory Department before entering degree programmes taught either in Russian or fully in English.国际申请者通常先入预科系学习，再升入俄语授课或全英语授课的学位项目。

• Degree study is accompanied from an early stage by clinical exposure across the 197 practice bases and 20 affiliated hospitals attached to the university around Moscow.学位学习自早期起即配合临床见习，学生轮转于学校设在莫斯科各地的197个实习基地与20所附属医院。

• Admission screening is severe, with the Chinese record noting an average admission rate of only 2.7 per cent in the 2023 Russian national examinations.入学选拔十分严苛，中文档案记2023年俄罗斯高考平均录取率仅2.7%。

• The university's own website puts the graduation rate of the specialist clinical and dental programmes at only 57.1 per cent for 2023, counting Russian and international students together.学校官网显示，2023年其临床医学与口腔医学专家学制平均毕业率仅57.1%，该口径包含俄罗斯学生与留学生。

• Graduates of the English-taught track may pursue medical licensure in the United States, Britain, Australia and other recognised regions on the strength of the body certifications listed above.英语授课项目毕业生可凭前文列出的各认证机构资格，在美国、英国、澳大利亚等认可地区申请当地行医执照。

• Practising physicians continue their studies through the postgraduate faculty of physicians, keeping alumni inside the same hospital network for specialised retraining.在职医师经医师培训系继续进修，使校友长期留在同一医院网络内接受专科再培训。

• The institute of personalised and translational medicine founded in 2022 with several partner universities introduces students stage by stage to predictive prevention and precision health-care practice.2022年与多所伙伴高校合办的个性化与转化医学学院，让学生分阶段接触预测预防医疗与精准医疗实践。

Notable people

• As of 2023 the university is credited with training 3 cosmonauts, 1 vice president, 103 academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences and more than 30 founders of medical disciplines in Russia.截至2023年，该校被认为培养了3位宇航员、1位副总统、103位俄罗斯科学院院士，以及30余位俄罗斯医学各学科的奠基人。

• Ivan Sechenov, honoured as the founder of Russian physiology, gave his name first to the earlier Moscow Medical Academy and then to the university itself from 1955.伊万·谢切诺夫被誉为俄罗斯生理学奠基人，其名先赋予早年的莫斯科医学科学院，自1955年起又成为大学校名。

• Nikolai Pirogov is counted among the founders of Russian anatomy, is regarded as the father of field surgery and was among the first surgeons in Europe to use ether as an anaesthetic.尼古拉·皮罗戈夫被列为俄罗斯解剖学奠基人，被视为野战外科之父，也是欧洲最早使用乙醚麻醉的外科医生之一。

• Nikolai Burdenko, the founder of Russian neurosurgery, headed the university's surgery department before becoming the first president of the academy of medical sciences founded in 1944.俄罗斯神经外科奠基人尼古拉·布连科曾执掌该校外科教研室，其后出任1944年成立的全联盟医学科学院首任院长。

• Sergei Korsakoff, a nineteenth-century neuropsychiatrist, studied the effects of alcoholism on the nervous system in work that produced the syndrome bearing his name and introduced the concept of paranoia.十九世纪神经精神病学家谢尔盖·科萨科夫研究酒精对神经系统的影响，其成果以他的姓氏命名，他还引入了妄念的概念。

• Anton Chekhov trained as a physician at the faculty and is remembered equally as a playwright and a short-story writer.安东·契诃夫在该医学系接受医师训练，后世既视其为剧作家也视其为短篇小说家。

• Vladimir Serbsky founded forensic psychiatry in Russia, and the federal centre for forensic medical expertise continues to carry the Serbsky name.弗拉基米尔·谢尔布斯基是俄罗斯法医精神病学奠基人，联邦司法精神病学鉴定中心沿用谢尔布斯基之名。

• Pyotr Gannushkin developed one of the first theories of psychopathies, the condition known today as personality disorders.彼得·加努什金提出了最早的人格异常学说之一，即今日所称的人格障碍。

• Alexei Abrikosov, a pathologist and member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, heads the alphabetically listed register of notable alumni kept in the university article.病理学家、苏联科学院院士阿列克谢·阿布里科索夫列于院校条目所载著名校友名录之首。

• Valery Shumakov, the founder of Russian organ transplantation, pioneered artificial-organ surgery and received the Order of Saint Andrew.瓦列里·舒马科夫是俄罗斯器官移植学奠基人，开创人工器官外科，曾获圣安德烈勋章。

• Boris Yegorov became the first physician ever to make a space flight, while the cardiologist Oleg Atkov belongs to the three cosmonauts credited to the university.鲍里斯·叶戈罗夫是人类首位进入太空的医生，心脏病学家奥列格·阿特科夫则是校方记述的三位宇航员之一。

• Founders of whole Russian specialties graduated from the faculty, among them Nikolai Sklifosovsky in surgery, Dmitry Pletnev in cardiology, Alexei Kozhevnikov in neurology and Andrei Vorobyov in hematology.俄罗斯多个学科奠基人均毕业于该系，包括外科学的尼古拉·斯克利福索夫斯基、心脏病学的德米特里·普列特涅夫、神经学的阿列克谢·科热夫尼科夫与血液学的安德烈·沃罗比约夫。

• Mikhail Chumakov helped develop the polio vaccine and organise its mass production, and Maxim Konchalovsky was a central figure of Russian internal medicine in the first half of the twentieth century.米哈伊尔·丘马科夫参与研发脊髓灰质炎疫苗并组织量产，马克西姆·孔恰洛夫斯基则是二十世纪上半叶俄罗斯内科学的核心人物。

• Jonas Basanavicius, a physician by training, was a leading proponent of the Lithuanian National Revival, and Sergey Botkin ranks among the founders of modern Russian medical science and education.受过医学训练的约纳斯·巴桑纳维奇斯是立陶宛民族复兴运动的重要推动者，谢尔盖·博特金则位列俄罗斯现代医学科学与教育的奠基人之中。