Saratov State University

Saratov State University (Russian: Саратовский государственный университет имени Н. Г. Чернышевского, SGU) is a public research university in Saratov, Russia, founded in 1909 as the Imperial Nikolaev Saratov University.萨拉托夫国立大学（俄语：Саратовский государственный университет имени Н. Г. Чернышевского，简称 СГУ）是位于俄罗斯萨拉托夫的一所公立研究型大学，1909 年以尼古拉耶夫皇家萨拉托夫大学的名称创办。

It was the tenth university of the Russian Empire and the first in the lower Volga region, and it is named after the writer and critic Nikolay Chernyshevsky, who was born in Saratov.该校是俄罗斯帝国的第十所大学，也是伏尔加河下游地区的第一所大学，以出生于萨拉托夫的作家与批评家尼古拉·车尔尼雪夫斯基命名。

The university enrols about 29,820 students across 29 departments, was placed in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, ranks 2,111th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News global list and has held national research university status since 2010.该校 29 个系共有约 29,820 名学生，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列 1201-1400 区间，在 2026-2027 年度《美国新闻与世界报道》全球榜单中排名第 2,111 位，并自 2010 年起拥有国家研究型大学地位。

History

• On 10 June 1909 Emperor Nicholas II signed the decree founding a university in Saratov, which became the tenth university of the Russian Empire and initially consisted of a single medical faculty.1909 年 6 月 10 日，皇帝尼古拉二世签署在萨拉托夫创办大学的敕令，该校成为俄罗斯帝国的第十所大学，最初仅设一个医学系。
• The institution opened under the name Imperial Nikolaev Saratov University, and its creation followed decades of petitions from the city's merchants, doctors and provincial officials.学校以尼古拉耶夫皇家萨拉托夫大学之名开办，其创立是该市商人、医生与省府官员数十年请愿的结果。
• The surgeon Vasily Razumovsky became the first rector, and he combined academic leadership with a public campaign for sanitary reform in the Volga provinces.外科医生瓦西里·拉祖莫夫斯基出任首任校长，他把学术领导工作与推动伏尔加各省卫生改革的公共事业结合起来。
• The university buildings and the clinic were designed under the supervision of the architect Karl Hermann Ludwig Müffke, whose complex on Astrakhanskaya Street remains the core of the campus.大学建筑与附属诊所由建筑师卡尔·赫尔曼·路德维希·米夫克主持设计，其位于阿斯特拉罕街的建筑群至今仍是校园核心。
• The clinic was later named after Sergei Mirotvortsev, a surgeon and professor at the university who helped establish its medical school.该诊所后来以谢尔盖·米罗特沃尔采夫命名，他是该校外科教授，曾参与创建其医学院。
• In 1917, as the Russian Empire collapsed, the university added faculties of physics and mathematics, history and philology, and law, turning from a medical school into a comprehensive university.1917 年俄罗斯帝国崩溃之际，学校增设物理数学系、历史语文系与法律系，由医学院转变为综合性大学。
• In 1919 the Regional Institute for Microbiology and Epidemiology of South-East Russia opened in Saratov, working closely with the university's medical faculty during the civil war and typhus epidemics.1919 年，俄罗斯东南部微生物学与流行病学研究所于萨拉托夫成立，在内战与斑疹伤寒流行期间与该校医学院密切合作。
• In 1922 the agronomic faculty, where the botanist Nikolai Vavilov had worked after the revolution, was detached as an independent agricultural institute, the first of several specialised institutes that grew out of the university in the early Soviet period.1922 年，植物学家尼古拉·瓦维洛夫在革命后曾工作过的农学系脱离学校，成为独立的农学院，这是苏联初期从该校分出的多个专门学院中的第一个。
• In 1923 the university was named after Nikolay Chernyshevsky, the Saratov-born writer, philosopher and revolutionary democrat, whose name it still carries and whose novel What Is to Be Done? became a handbook for generations of Russian radicals.1923 年，学校以出生于萨拉托夫的作家、哲学家与革命民主主义者尼古拉·车尔尼雪夫斯基命名，这一名称沿用至今，他的小说《怎么办？》成为几代俄国激进分子的手册。
• In 1930 the medical faculty became an independent medical institute, and in 1931 the law and pedagogy faculties were reorganised as separate institutes, leaving the university with its core natural science and humanities departments.1930 年医学系独立为医学院，1931 年法律系与教育系也改组为独立学院，学校由此保留自然科学与人文核心院系。
• In 1941, as the German army advanced, Leningrad State University was evacuated to Saratov and worked in the same buildings, sharing laboratories and lectures with the local university for the duration of the war.1941 年德军推进之际，列宁格勒国立大学疏散至萨拉托夫，与当地大学共用校舍，在战争期间共享实验室与课程。
• During the war years the university trained teachers, geologists and chemists for the war economy, while several research institutes from western Russia were relocated to the city.战争年代，学校为战时经济培养教师、地质工作者与化学人才，多所来自俄罗斯西部的科研机构也迁至该市。
• In the post-war decades the university created new faculties of geology, geography, sociology, psychology and computer science, reflecting the growth of the city as an industrial and scientific centre.战后数十年间，学校先后设立地质、地理、社会学、心理学与计算机科学等系，反映了萨拉托夫作为工业与科学中心的成长。
• Saratov's 2,803-metre bridge across the Volga, opened in 1965, was at the time the longest bridge in Europe and linked the university's city with the industrial suburb of Engels.1965 年通车的萨拉托夫伏尔加河大桥全长 2,803 米，当时是欧洲最长的桥梁，把大学所在的城区与工业卫星城恩格斯连接起来。
• After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the university reorganized its curricula around bachelor's and master's degrees and opened new programmes in economics, management and law.1991 年苏联解体后，学校围绕学士与硕士学位重构课程体系，并在经济、管理与法律领域开设新项目。
• In April 2006 a team from Saratov State University won the world finals of the ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest in San Antonio, Texas.2006 年 4 月，萨拉托夫国立大学代表队在美国得克萨斯州圣安东尼奥举行的国际大学生程序设计竞赛全球总决赛中夺冠。
• In 2009 the university marked its centenary with international conferences, exhibitions in its scientific library and the publication of a new institutional history.2009 年，学校以国际会议、科学图书馆展览与新校史出版纪念建校一百周年。
• The university received the status of national research university in 2010, a designation that brought additional federal funding for optics, biophotonics and materials research.2010 年，学校获得国家研究型大学地位，这一认定为其光学、生物光子学与材料研究带来了额外的联邦经费。
• The Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, created from the university's optics school, is now one of its best-known research units.由该校光学学派发展而来的光学与生物光子学教研所，如今是学校最知名的研究单位之一。
• In 2023 U.S. News ranked the university 1,156th in the world, its highest position in that ranking, before it fell to 2,111th in the 2026-2027 edition.2023 年《美国新闻与世界报道》将该校列为全球第 1,156 位，这是其在该榜单上的最高位次，此后在 2026-2027 年度降至第 2,111 位。
• The university marked its 115th anniversary in 2024 with a series of academic conferences and the restoration of historic buildings on Astrakhanskaya Street.2024 年，学校以一系列学术会议与阿斯特拉罕街历史建筑的修缮工程纪念建校一百一十五周年。
• Saratov State University remains one of the largest employers of graduates in the Saratov region and supplies teachers, doctors, lawyers and scientists to the Volga provinces.萨拉托夫国立大学至今仍是萨拉托夫地区最大的毕业生雇主之一，为伏尔加各省输送教师、医生、律师与科学家。
• Its history reflects the wider history of Russian higher education, from imperial decree to Soviet expansion and post-Soviet reform.该校的历史折射出俄罗斯高等教育的整体历程，从帝国敕令到苏联时期的扩张，再到后苏联时代的改革。

Academics

• Saratov State University is organised into 29 departments and offers more than 90 programmes of higher education, from bachelor's degrees to doctorates.萨拉托夫国立大学设有 29 个系，开设九十多个高等教育项目，涵盖学士到博士各个层次。
• Its faculties cover physics, chemistry, biology, geology, geography, mathematics and mechanics, computer science and information technology, and nonlinear processes, and teaching is mainly in Russian on a September-to-June academic year.其院系涵盖物理、化学、生物、地质、地理、数学与力学、计算机科学与信息技术，以及非线性过程等领域，教学主要以俄语进行，学年从九月持续到六月。
• The humanities and social sciences are represented by history, philology, foreign languages, philosophy, sociology, psychology, law, economics and education.人文与社会科学方面则设有历史、语言学、外语、哲学、社会学、心理学、法律、经济与教育学等院系。
• Its Faculty of Nonlinear Processes is unusual in Russia and conducts research on synergetics, chaos theory and the physics of complex systems.其非线性过程系在俄罗斯高校中较为独特，研究协同论、混沌理论与复杂系统物理。
• The Faculty of Nano and Biomedical Technologies works on materials for medicine, biosensors and photonics, often in partnership with the optics institute.纳米与生物医学技术系研究医用材料、生物传感器与光子学，常与光学研究所合作。
• The Institute of Optics and Biophotonics combines laser physics, biomedical imaging and spectroscopy and hosts international conferences on optics and biophotonics.光学与生物光子学研究所把激光物理、生物医学成像与光谱学结合起来，并主办光学与生物光子学国际会议。
• The university employs about 4,000 teachers, including some 250 professors and doctors of sciences and more than 1,000 associate professors and candidates of sciences.学校约有四千名教师，其中包括约 250 名教授与科学博士，以及一千余名副教授与副博士。
• More than forty of its staff are full or corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences and other state and regional academies.其教职员中有四十余人是俄罗斯科学院及其他国家与地区科学院的院士或通讯院士。
• About 29,820 students are enrolled, and the university offers evening and correspondence courses alongside full-time study.学校注册学生约 29,820 人，除全日制外还开设夜校与函授课程。
• The university's zoological museum, botanical garden and field stations support teaching and research in biology, ecology and geography, and the garden also works with regional schools and conservation bodies.学校的动物学博物馆、植物园与野外实验站为生物、生态与地理教学研究提供支撑，植物园还与地区学校与自然保护机构合作。
• The scientific library, founded with the university in 1909, serves all faculties and holds regional collections in natural science, medicine and local history, together with rare books and nineteenth-century periodicals.科学图书馆与学校同年创办于 1909 年，服务全校各系，收藏自然科学、医学与地方史方面的地区文献，以及珍本与十九世纪期刊。
• The university publishing house issues textbooks, monographs and the proceedings of its institutes and conferences.学校出版社出版教材、专著以及各研究所与会议的论文集。
• The university publishes the Izvestiya of Saratov University, a group of peer-reviewed journals whose series cover mathematics and mechanics, physics, chemistry and biology, philology and journalism, history and law, and several series are indexed in Scopus and the Web of Science.学校出版《萨拉托夫大学学报》，这是一组同行评审期刊，系列涵盖数学与力学、物理、化学与生物、语言学与新闻学、历史与法律，其中多个系列被 Scopus 与 Web of Science 收录。
• The Institute of Philology and Journalism traces its roots to the history and philology faculty of 1917 and trains teachers, translators and journalists for the Volga region.语言与新闻学院可追溯至 1917 年的历史语文系，为伏尔加地区培养教师、翻译与新闻工作者。
• International students are enrolled in Russian-language preparatory courses and in degree programmes taught in Russian, with some master's courses offered in English.国际学生可参加俄语预科课程，并进入以俄语授课的学位项目，部分硕士课程以英语授课。
• The university maintains cooperation agreements with institutions in Germany, France, China and the Commonwealth of Independent States, and takes part in academic mobility programmes.学校与德国、法国、中国及独联体国家的院校保持合作协议，并参与学术流动项目。
• Medicine, the oldest part of the university, became a separate medical institute in 1930, so the university's present-day strengths lie in the natural sciences, humanities, social sciences and information technology.医学是学校最古老的部分，但已于 1930 年独立为医学院，因此学校如今的强项在自然科学、人文、社会科学与信息技术。
• Research income comes from federal programmes, the Russian Science Foundation and contracts with regional industry, particularly in optics, energy and agriculture.科研经费来自联邦计划、俄罗斯科学基金会以及与地区产业的合同，尤以光学、能源与农业领域为主。

Campus

• The main campus stands at 83 Astrakhanskaya Street in central Saratov, in a complex of early twentieth-century buildings designed under Karl Müffke.主校区位于萨拉托夫市中心阿斯特拉罕街 83 号，由二十世纪初在卡尔·米夫克主持下设计的建筑群组成。
• The clinic named after Sergei Mirotvortsev, one of the oldest teaching hospitals in the Volga region, was built for the university and now belongs to Saratov State Medical University.以谢尔盖·米罗特沃尔采夫命名的诊所是伏尔加地区最古老的教学医院之一，原为大学而建，现属萨拉托夫国立医科大学。
• University buildings are distributed across several blocks of the city centre rather than concentrated on a single campus, and many are listed as architectural monuments, with several facades looking towards the Volga and the old merchant streets.校舍分布于市中心的多个街区而非集中于单一校园，其中不少被列为建筑文物，若干立面朝向伏尔加河与古老的商人街巷。
• Saratov lies on the right bank of the Volga and stretches along the river for several kilometres, with the university buildings set back from the embankment.萨拉托夫位于伏尔加河右岸，沿河绵延数公里，校舍则位于河堤内侧。
• The city's 1965 bridge over the Volga connects Saratov with Engels and is a landmark visible from the university's riverside districts.该市 1965 年建成的伏尔加河大桥连接萨拉托夫与恩格斯，是从学校滨河街区即可望见的地标。
• The Volga embankment, the Saratov Conservatory and the Chernyshevsky estate museum are within walking distance of the main university buildings.伏尔加河堤、萨拉托夫音乐学院与车尔尼雪夫斯基故居博物馆均在主校舍步行范围之内。
• Within walking distance of the main buildings stands the Radishchev Art Museum, founded in 1885 and one of the first public art museums in Russia, whose collection ranges from icons to Russian painting and European prints.主校舍步行范围内坐落着拉季舍夫艺术博物馆，它创办于 1885 年，是俄罗斯最早的公共艺术博物馆之一，藏品从圣像画延伸到俄罗斯绘画与欧洲版画。
• The Saratov Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre, whose history goes back to 1803, and the conservatory founded in 1912 give the streets around the campus a dense cultural life.历史可追溯至 1803 年的萨拉托夫模范歌剧与芭蕾舞剧院，以及创办于 1912 年的音乐学院，使校园周边街区充满文化生活。
• The university operates student dormitories in several districts and a sports camp on the Volga, used for summer training and student holidays.学校在多个城区运营学生宿舍，并在伏尔加河畔设有一处体育营地，用于夏季训练与学生度假。
• Saratov is served by trains from Moscow and by the Gagarin airport, named after the cosmonaut who landed near the city after his 1961 flight, which connects Saratov with Moscow and other Russian cities and replaced the older Tsentralny airport in 2019.萨拉托夫有来自莫斯科的铁路，并拥有以加加林命名的机场，这位宇航员在 1961 年飞行后降落在该市附近，机场连接萨拉托夫与莫斯科等俄罗斯城市，并于 2019 年取代旧的中央机场。

Reputation

• Saratov State University was placed in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, after reaching the 521-530 band of the QS ranking in 2021, its strongest position in that table to date.萨拉托夫国立大学在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列 1201-1400 区间，此前曾在 2021 年 QS 排名中位列 521-530 区间，这是该校迄今在该榜单上的最好位次。
• The university did not enter the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 and was not included in the 2026 Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities.该校未进入 2027 年《泰晤士高等教育》世界大学排名，也未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜。
• U.S. News ranked it 2,111th in its 2026-2027 global list, after a high of 1,156th in the 2023 edition.《美国新闻与世界报道》在 2026-2027 年度全球榜单中将其列第 2,111 位，其最高位次为 2023 年版的第 1,156 位。
• OpenAlex records about 17,438 research works and 338,068 citations for the university, with strong output in optics, physics, chemistry and medicine.OpenAlex 记录该校约 17,438 项研究成果与 338,068 次引用，在光学、物理、化学与医学领域产出较强。
• The university has held the status of national research university since 2010, a designation reserved for a limited number of Russian institutions.该校自 2010 年起拥有国家研究型大学地位，这一称号仅授予俄罗斯少数高校。
• Its programming team's victory at the 2006 ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest world finals remains its best-known international competitive achievement.其程序设计队在 2006 年国际大学生程序设计竞赛全球总决赛夺冠，至今仍是学校最知名的国际竞赛成绩。
• The optics and biophotonics school is the university's most distinctive research field and has produced widely cited work on laser diagnostics and biomedical imaging.光学与生物光子学学派是该校最具特色的研究领域，在激光诊断与生物医学成像方面产生了广泛引用的成果。
• Saratov State University is one of the leading universities of the Volga federal district and a major supplier of teachers and physicians to Saratov Oblast.萨拉托夫国立大学是伏尔加联邦区重点高校之一，也是萨拉托夫州教师与医生的主要培养基地。
• Its graduates work in regional government, education, healthcare and science across the Volga region and beyond, and alumni networks operate in Moscow and other Russian cities.该校毕业生遍布伏尔加地区及更广范围的政府、教育、医疗与科研机构，校友网络也延伸至莫斯科等城市。
• The university's regional reputation rests on its long history, its medical and scientific schools and its role in the cultural life of Saratov.该校的地区声望建立在其悠久历史、医学与科学学派，以及在萨拉托夫文化生活中的作用之上。

Student life

• Saratov State University has no formal Latin motto, and its traditions are expressed through student ceremonies, academic festivals and the annual day of the university.萨拉托夫国立大学没有正式的拉丁语校训，其传统通过学生典礼、学术节庆与一年一度的校庆日体现。
• Russian students celebrate Tatiana Day on 25 January, the date that also marks the foundation of Moscow State University in 1755, and the university holds concerts and award ceremonies around it.俄罗斯学生在 1 月 25 日庆祝塔季扬娜节，这一天也纪念莫斯科大学于 1755 年创办，学校会在此时举办音乐会与颁奖典礼。
• The Student Spring festival, a national competition of student theatres, music and dance, involves university teams each spring.「学生之春」是全国性的大学生戏剧、音乐与舞蹈比赛，该校每年春季都派出队伍参加。
• Student clubs cover theatre, choir, dance, journalism, debate and volunteering, and the university's creative groups perform in city venues.学生社团涵盖戏剧、合唱、舞蹈、新闻、辩论与志愿服务，学校的文艺团体常在市级场所演出。
• Sports facilities include gyms, a stadium and a Volga-side camp, and students compete in basketball, volleyball, athletics, skiing and rowing.体育设施包括体育馆、体育场与伏尔加河畔营地，学生在篮球、排球、田径、滑雪与赛艇等项目上竞赛。
• The university's student newspaper and radio studio report on campus life and have trained journalists who later worked in regional and national media.该校学生报纸与广播站报道校园生活，培养的记者后来任职于地区与全国媒体。
• The Volga embankment, Kirov Avenue and the city's theatres and museums are the main gathering places for students outside class hours.伏尔加河堤、基洛夫大街以及城市的剧院与博物馆，是学生课余主要的聚会场所。
• Many students live in university dormitories within walking distance of the central faculties, and the compact city centre makes it easy to walk between classes, libraries and theatres.许多学生住在距中心院系步行可达的学校宿舍，紧凑的市中心也让学生可以步行往返于课堂、图书馆与剧院之间。
• Saratov's long history as a merchant and university city gives student life a literary and theatrical flavour, with museums devoted to Chernyshevsky and the writer Konstantin Fedin, while the philharmonic hall and drama theatre are popular with students.萨拉托夫作为商埠与大学城的悠久历史，赋予学生生活文学与戏剧气息，城中有纪念车尔尼雪夫斯基与作家康斯坦丁·费定的博物馆，音乐厅与话剧院也深受学生欢迎。

Notable people

• Vasily Razumovsky (1857-1935), a surgeon and professor, was the first rector of Saratov University and shaped its medical faculty and clinic, and the city's medical university now bears his name.瓦西里·拉祖莫夫斯基（1857-1935）是外科医生与教授，出任萨拉托夫大学首任校长，塑造了该校医学系与诊所，萨拉托夫国立医科大学如今以他命名。
• Nikolay Chernyshevsky (1828-1889), the radical writer and critic born in Saratov, gave the university its name, though he died before it was founded.尼古拉·车尔尼雪夫斯基（1828-1889）是出生于萨拉托夫的激进作家与批评家，学校以他命名，但他在学校创办前已去世。
• Nikolai Vavilov (1887-1943), the botanist and geneticist who built the world's largest seed collection, worked and taught at Saratov University before leading Soviet plant science at the Institute of Plant Industry in Leningrad.尼古拉·瓦维洛夫（1887-1943）是建立世界最大种子库的植物学家与遗传学家，在领导列宁格勒植物工业研究所的苏联植物科学之前曾在萨拉托夫大学工作与任教。
• Boris Gnedenko (1912-1995), a mathematician known for his work in probability theory and queueing theory, studied at Saratov University in the 1920s.鲍里斯·格涅坚科（1912-1995）是以概率论与排队论研究著称的数学家，二十世纪二十年代就读于萨拉托夫大学。
• Sergei Mirotvortsev (1878-1949), a surgeon and professor, gave his name to the university clinic and helped develop its clinical teaching.谢尔盖·米罗特沃尔采夫（1878-1949）是外科医生与教授，大学诊所即以他命名，他推动了该校临床教学的发展。
• Karl Hermann Ludwig Müffke, a Russian architect of German descent, designed the university's main buildings and clinic on Astrakhanskaya Street.卡尔·赫尔曼·路德维希·米夫克是德意志裔俄罗斯建筑师，设计了该校位于阿斯特拉罕街的主楼与诊所。
• Semyon Frank (1877-1950), a religious philosopher, was the first dean of the history and philology faculty after 1917 and was exiled from Soviet Russia in 1922.谢苗·弗兰克（1877-1950）是宗教哲学家，1917 年后出任历史语文系首任系主任，1922 年被逐出苏俄。
• Kirill Larin, a biomedical engineer and professor at the University of Houston, studied at Saratov State University before moving to the United States and works on optical coherence tomography and biomedical imaging.基里尔·拉林是生物医学工程师、休斯敦大学教授，在移居美国前曾就读于萨拉托夫国立大学，从事光学相干断层扫描与生物医学成像研究。