San Diego State University

San Diego State University is a public research university on Montezuma Mesa in San Diego, California, the oldest and largest institution in the California State University system's southern region.圣地亚哥州立大学是一所公立研究型大学，位于加利福尼亚州圣迭戈的蒙特祖马台地，是加州州立大学系统南部历史最久、规模最大的院校。

Founded in 1897 as a normal school for elementary teachers, it now awards 190 bachelor's, 91 master's and 30 doctoral degrees and enrols about 37,000 students.该校 1897 年以培养小学教师的师范学校起家，如今可授予 190 个学士、91 个硕士与 30 个博士学位，注册学生约 37,000 人。

It is a Hispanic-serving institution and an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander serving institution, and its alumni number more than 400,000. It is one of the largest universities in California by enrolment.该校是拉美裔服务院校，也是亚裔美国人及原住民太平洋岛民服务院校，校友超过 40 万人，按在校规模计是加州最大的大学之一。

History

• San Diego State was established on 13 March 1897 as the San Diego Normal School, intended to train local women as elementary school teachers.圣地亚哥州立大学于 1897 年 3 月 13 日以圣地亚哥师范学校之名设立，目的是把当地女性培养为小学教师。
• It opened on a 17-acre site on Park Boulevard in University Heights with seven faculty members and 91 students, and its first curriculum covered only English, history and mathematics.学校在大学高地帕克大道一处 17 英亩的校址开学，仅有 7 名教师与 91 名学生，最初课程只设英语、历史与数学三科。
• In 1923 the school became San Diego State Teachers College, a four-year public institution controlled by the California State Board of Education.1923 年，学校升格为圣地亚哥州立师范学院，成为由加州教育委员会管辖的四年制公立院校。
• By the 1930s the Park Boulevard campus had grown too small, and in 1931 the college moved to its present site on Montezuma Mesa at what was then the eastern edge of the city.到 1930 年代，帕克大道校区已不敷使用；1931 年，学院迁至现址蒙特祖马台地，当时那里还是圣迭戈的东缘。
• In 1935 the institution widened its mission beyond teacher training and took the name San Diego State College.1935 年，学校把办学使命扩展到师资培养之外，并改称圣地亚哥州立学院。
• It joined the California State Colleges system in 1960, a network that grew to 23 campuses and became the largest four-year public university system in the country, was renamed California State University, San Diego in 1972, and received its present name in 1974.学校于 1960 年加入加州州立学院系统，这一系统后来扩展至 23 个校区，成为全美最大的四年制公立大学系统，1972 年更名为加州州立大学圣迭戈分校，1974 年定名圣地亚哥州立大学。
• President John F. Kennedy delivered the commencement address on 6 June 1963 and received an honorary doctorate in law, the first such degree awarded by a California state college.1963 年 6 月 6 日，美国总统约翰·F·肯尼迪在此发表毕业典礼演讲，并获授荣誉法学博士学位，这是加州州立院校颁授的第一个荣誉博士；四个月后，他在达拉斯遇刺身亡。
• The commencement site was registered as California Historical Landmark 798 in 1964, a year after the ceremony.毕业典礼场地于 1964 年、即典礼次年，被列为加州第 798 号历史地标。
• Martin Luther King Jr. spoke to a near-capacity audience in the Open Air Theatre on 29 May 1964, urging passage of the Civil Rights Act then before the Senate.1964 年 5 月 29 日，马丁·路德·金在露天剧场向几乎满座的听众演讲，呼吁参议院通过当时正在审议的《民权法案》。
• By 1987 the university enrolled 35,945 full-time equivalent students, making it the largest university in California and the tenth largest in the United States.到 1987 年，学校全日制当量学生达 35,945 人，成为加州规模最大的大学、全美第十大大学。
• The California State University trustees responded by capping enrolment at 33,000, and a financial crisis pushed numbers down to 26,800 in 1993, the lowest since 1973.加州州立大学董事会因此把招生上限设为 33,000 人；1993 年财政危机又使在校人数降至 26,800 人，为 1973 年以来最低。
• On 15 August 1996 a graduate student, Frederick Martin Davidson, shot and killed three professors in the engineering building, the worst episode in the university's history.1996 年 8 月 15 日，研究生弗雷德里克·马丁·戴维森在工程楼枪杀三名教授，这是校史上最严重的事件。
• Aztec Bowl, built for 500,000 dollars, was dedicated on 3 October 1936 before 7,500 people and enlarged once, by 5,000 seats, in 1948.耗资 50 万美元建成的阿兹特克碗体育场于 1936 年 10 月 3 日启用，到场观众 7,500 人，1948 年仅扩建过一次，增加 5,000 个座位。
• The Open Air Theatre, financed by the Works Progress Administration and the state at a cost of 200,000 dollars, was dedicated on 3 May 1941.露天剧场由工程振兴署与州政府共同出资 20 万美元建成，1941 年 5 月 3 日启用。
• Viejas Arena, originally Cox Arena, opened in July 1997 on part of the old Aztec Bowl site and became the home of Aztec basketball.维耶哈斯体育馆原名考克斯体育馆，1997 年 7 月在阿兹特克碗旧址的一部分上落成，此后成为阿兹特克篮球队的主场。
• In April 2012 the 14th Dalai Lama spoke at Viejas Arena during his Compassion Without Borders tour, drawing one of the largest crowds ever assembled on campus.2012 年 4 月，第十四世达赖喇嘛在「无界慈悲」巡访期间于维耶哈斯体育馆演讲，吸引校内史上规模最大的听众之一。
• After the San Diego Chargers left for Los Angeles in 2017, the university campaigned for control of the city-owned stadium site through a ballot measure called SDSU West, approved by 54 per cent of voters in November 2017, after the Chargers had played at the stadium since 1967.2017 年圣迭戈闪电队迁往洛杉矶后，学校发起名为「SDSU West」的公投，争取取得自 1967 年启用的市属体育场用地的控制权，该提案于 2017 年 11 月以 54% 的票数通过，而闪电队自 1967 年起便在该体育场比赛。
• On 29 May 2020 the city council gave conceptual approval to sell 135 acres, including the old stadium, to the university for 88 million dollars.2020 年 5 月 29 日，市议会初步批准把包括旧体育场在内的 135 英亩土地以 8,800 万美元出售给学校。
• Ground was broken in August 2020 for a 35,000-seat stadium that opened in September 2022 as Snapdragon Stadium, part of the 3.5 billion dollar SDSU Mission Valley development, which also stages concerts and international soccer.2020 年 8 月，一座 3.5 万座体育场破土动工，2022 年 9 月以「骁龙体育场」之名启用，属于总投资 35 亿美元的「SDSU 使命谷」开发项目，该场地还承办音乐会与国际足球赛。
• That project adds housing, offices, hotels and 80 acres of parks, including a 34-acre river park, and is to be built in phases over 15 years.该项目还包括住宅、办公、酒店与 80 英亩公园，其中有 34 英亩的河滨公园，计划在 15 年内分阶段建成。
• In fall 2024 the university received more than 90,000 undergraduate applications and admitted about 32,000, an acceptance rate of 35.8 per cent.2024 年秋季，学校收到逾 9 万份本科申请，录取约 3.2 万人，录取率为 35.8%。

Academics

• San Diego State awards 190 bachelor's degrees, 91 master's degrees and 30 doctoral degrees, together with 26 teaching credentials.圣地亚哥州立大学可授予 190 个学士学位、91 个硕士学位与 30 个博士学位，另设 26 种教师资格证书项目。
• It produces more doctoral degrees than any other campus in the California State University and enrols the system's largest doctoral student body.该校授予的博士学位数量超过加州州立大学系统内任何一所分校，博士生规模也居系统之首。
• Its colleges include Arts and Letters, the Fowler College of Business, Education, Engineering, Health and Human Services, Sciences, and Professional Studies and Fine Arts.该校学院包括文学院、福勒商学院、教育学院、工程学院、健康与人类服务学院、理学院以及专业研究与美术表演学院。
• The College of Engineering offers undergraduate and graduate programmes in aerospace, civil, computer, electrical, mechanical and environmental engineering.工程学院在航空航天、土木、计算机、电气、机械与环境工程等领域开设本科与研究生项目。
• The Fowler College of Business runs the university's MBA and specialised master's degrees, and its international business programme has ranked among the strongest in the country.福勒商学院开设工商管理硕士与多个专业硕士项目，其国际商务项目长期位居全美前列。
• SDSU and the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California created the first transnational dual degree between the United States and Mexico in 1994 through the MEXUS programme.1994 年，该校与下加利福尼亚自治大学通过 MEXUS 项目创办了美国与墨西哥之间的首个跨国双学位。
• The university offers 335 international education programmes in 52 countries, and 34 programmes require an international experience for graduation.学校在 52 个国家提供 335 个国际教育项目，其中 34 个项目把国际经历列为毕业要求。
• Its Language Acquisition Resource Center is one of nine sites chosen by the U.S. Department of Education as a National Language Resource Center.该校的语言习得资源中心是美国教育部选定的九个国家语言资源中心之一。
• SDSU founded the first women's studies programme in the United States in 1970 and remains a centre for ethnic and gender scholarship in the California State University.该校于 1970 年创办全美第一个女性研究项目，至今仍是加州州立大学系统中族裔与性别研究的重镇。
• It launched the first MBA programme in global entrepreneurship, with study periods in the United States, China, the Middle East and India.该校开设了全美首个全球创业方向的工商管理硕士项目，学生先后在美国、中国、中东与印度学习。
• More than 65 SDSU students have received Fulbright scholarships since 2005, and nearly 45 per cent of graduates are the first in their families to earn a degree.2005 年以来，该校已有 65 名以上学生获得富布赖特奖学金；近 45% 的毕业生是家族中第一代大学生。
• Admission is selective for a public institution of its size, and the university draws most of its undergraduates from San Diego County and the wider southern California region.以同等规模的公立院校衡量，该校录取颇具选择性，本科生主要来自圣迭戈县与南加州其他地区。
• Its doctoral programmes include education, physical therapy, nursing practice and audiology, while several PhDs are awarded jointly with the University of California, San Diego and other institutions.其博士项目涵盖教育学、物理治疗、护理实践与听力学，另有若干博士项目与加州大学圣迭戈分校等院校联合授予。
• The university operates SDSU Imperial Valley in Calexico and Brawley, and SDSU Georgia, which teaches engineering degrees in Tbilisi.学校在加利西哥与布劳利设有帝国谷校区，并在第比利斯开办格鲁吉亚校区，授予工程学位。
• Research facilities include the Mount Laguna Observatory and biological field stations in the mountains and desert east of San Diego.科研设施包括拉古纳山天文台，以及位于圣迭戈以东山地与沙漠的生物野外站。
• A coastal and marine institute laboratory and a living laboratory for urban water management extend the university's field research into San Diego Bay and the city's watersheds.海岸与海洋研究所实验室以及城市水管理「活体实验室」，把该校的野外研究延伸到圣迭戈湾与城市流域。
• The SDSU Research Foundation administers sponsored projects, including grants from the National Science Foundation and other federal agencies that support work in engineering, public health and the environmental sciences.圣地亚哥州立大学研究基金会管理学校的受资助项目，其中包括国家科学基金会及其他联邦机构为工程、公共卫生与环境科学提供的经费。

Campus

• The main campus sits on Montezuma Mesa, a plateau about ten minutes east of downtown San Diego, and is served by its own station on the San Diego Trolley.主校区位于蒙特祖马台地，距圣迭戈市中心约十分钟车程，圣迭戈有轨电车在校园设有车站。
• Hardy Memorial Tower, in Mission Revival style, recalls a Spanish bell tower and housed the university's first library, whose walls carry murals painted under the Works Progress Administration.哈迪纪念塔采用传教站复兴风格，形似西班牙钟楼，曾容纳学校最早的图书馆，其墙壁上保留着工程振兴署时期绘制的壁画。
• Scripps Cottage was completed in September 1931 with 6,000 dollars from Ellen Browning Scripps and 5,000 dollars from the state, and it became a centre for international students in 1993.斯克里普斯小屋于 1931 年 9 月建成，资金来自埃伦·布朗宁·斯克里普斯的 6,000 美元与州政府的 5,000 美元，1993 年起用作国际学生中心。
• It was moved in September 1968 to clear ground for a new library, and beside it lies the campus turtle pond, originally designed as a koi pond.1968 年 9 月，小屋为新建图书馆让地而整体迁移；其旁是校园的龟池，最初其实只按锦鲤池设计。
• Viejas Arena and the CalCoast Credit Union Open Air Theatre host concerts and ceremonies, the latter a 1941 amphitheatre that seats several thousand people.维耶哈斯体育馆与卡尔科斯特信用联盟露天剧场承办音乐会与典礼，后者是 1941 年建成的露天圆形剧场，可容纳数千人。
• Tony Gwynn Stadium, opened in 1997, hosts Aztec baseball and carries the name of the outfielder who starred for the university and later coached its team.托尼·格温体育场于 1997 年启用，是阿兹特克棒球队的主场，以曾在该校打球、后来又执教校队的强打外野手命名。
• Malcolm A. Love Library grew from 125,000 volumes in 1952 to more than 300,000 by 1965, when it already held more books than its shelves could accommodate, and a new building followed that required Scripps Cottage to be moved.马尔科姆·A·洛夫图书馆的藏书从 1952 年的 12.5 万册增至 1965 年的 30 余万册，当时馆藏已超出书架的容纳能力，随后兴建的新馆还促使斯克里普斯小屋整体迁移。
• Snapdragon Stadium, opened in September 2022 with 35,000 seats, hosts Aztec football, replaced Qualcomm Stadium on the same site, and is also home to San Diego FC and San Diego Wave FC.骁龙体育场于 2022 年 9 月启用，设 3.5 万个座位，承办阿兹特克橄榄球赛，在同一地块上取代了高通体育场，同时也是圣迭戈足球俱乐部与圣迭戈波浪女足的主场。
• The Mission Valley site adds 80 acres of parks and open space to a campus that had almost no athletic land of its own before 2020.使命谷地块为校园新增 80 英亩公园与开放空间，而 2020 年以前学校几乎没有自有体育用地。
• Several campus buildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, among them the communications building, the life sciences building and the little theatre.校园内多座建筑列入国家史迹名录，其中包括传播学楼、生命科学楼与小剧场。
• The university also runs the Mount Laguna Observatory, where students carry out photometry and the public is admitted on open nights, and field stations that give access to mountain, desert and coastal environments within an hour of the city.学校还管理拉古纳山天文台，学生在此开展测光观测，公众也可在开放夜参观；多个野外站则使学生能在一小时车程内接触山地、沙漠与海岸环境。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 San Diego State is placed in the 1201-1400 band, a tied range rather than a single position.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，圣地亚哥州立大学位列第 1201-1400 位，这是一个并列区间而非单一的名次。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place the university in the 1001-1200 band, its strongest result in the British table.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名把该校列入 1001-1200 区间，这是它在英国榜单上的最好成绩。
• U.S. News and World Report ranks SDSU 932nd in its 2026-2027 Best Global Universities list, a table built on research reputation and bibliometric measures rather than undergraduate outcomes.在《美国新闻与世界报道》2026-2027 年度全球最佳大学榜单中，该校名列第 932 位；该榜主要依据科研声誉与文献计量指标，而非本科教学成效。
• The Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026, compiled by ShanghaiRanking, places SDSU in the 601-700 band.由软科编制的 2026 年世界大学学术排名把该校列入 601-700 区间。
• In the 2025 U.S. News national table, which weighs graduation rates, faculty resources and peer assessment, SDSU was tied for 117th among 436 national universities, tied for 57th among public universities and tied for 78th for veterans.在 2025 年《美国新闻与世界报道》全美榜单中，该榜依据毕业率、师资资源与同行评价等指标，该校与多校并列综合性大学第 117 位、公立大学第 57 位、退伍军人院校第 78 位。
• OpenAlex records 52,564 works and 3,832,338 citations for SDSU, placing it among the larger research producers in the California State University, with output concentrated in the life sciences, public health and engineering.OpenAlex 数据库收录该校 52,564 项成果与 3,832,338 次引用，使其成为加州州立大学系统中科研产出较大的院校之一，成果集中于生命科学、公共卫生与工程领域。
• ShanghaiRanking placed its economics and business programmes in the 151-200 band worldwide, the university's strongest subject showing.软科把该校的经济学与商科列入全球 151-200 区间，这是它表现最好的学科领域。
• PayScale's 2024 Best Value Colleges placed SDSU 231st in the country for in-state students, with a projected 20-year net return on investment of 540,000 dollars.在 PayScale 2024 年最具价值院校榜中，该校面向本州学生的性价比位列全美第 231 位，预计二十年净投资回报为 54 万美元。
• Washington Monthly ranked SDSU 99th among 438 national universities in 2024 on measures of social mobility, research and public service.《华盛顿月刊》2024 年依据社会流动性、科研与公共服务等指标，把该校列为全美 438 所综合性大学中的第 99 位。
• The university is a leading producer of Fulbright scholars, and its business school has been ranked by QS among the top 80 in North America.该校是富布赖特学者的重要来源院校，其商学院被 QS 评为北美前 80 名。

Student life

• Enrolment reached a record of nearly 37,000 in fall 2022, and the alumni body of more than 400,000 is concentrated in southern California.2022 年秋季，在校生达到近 37,000 人的历史高点，40 余万名校友主要聚集在南加州。
• The Daily Aztec, descended from a newspaper founded in 1925, has published daily since 1960 and is the largest daily collegiate newspaper in California, while The Koala, an independent satirical paper, is distributed on campus each month.《每日阿兹特克》源自 1925 年创办的报纸，自 1960 年起每日出版，是加州发行量最大的高校日报；独立讽刺报纸《考拉》则每月在校园发行。
• KPBS, the public broadcasting station for San Diego, operates from the campus as a PBS and NPR member station and provides internships in radio, television and digital news. SDSU Press issues scholarly books on cultural and border studies, and KCR is the student-run college radio station.圣迭戈公共广播电台 KPBS 设于校园内，是公共电视网与全国公共广播电台的成员台，为学生提供广播、电视与数字新闻方面的实习机会；圣地亚哥州立大学出版社出版文化与边界研究方面的学术著作，KCR 则是学生运营的校园电台。
• Greek life is organised through four governing councils, with 15 social fraternities in the Interfraternity Council and eight sororities in the College Panhellenic Association.希腊字母社团由四个管理委员会组织，其中校际兄弟会委员会有 15 个社交兄弟会，学院泛希腊协会有 8 个姐妹会。
• Aztec Racing, the university's Society of Automotive Engineers chapter, designs and builds an open-wheel race car each year for the Formula SAE competition.阿兹特克赛车队是该校的汽车工程师学会分会，每年设计制造一辆方程式赛车参加大学生方程式比赛。
• The Campus Pride Index placed SDSU among its 30 best campuses for LGBTQ students in 2016, and the university was the first in California to offer a major in LGBT studies.校园骄傲指数在 2016 年把该校列入对 LGBTQ 学生最友好的 30 所校园，它也是加州第一所开设 LGBT 研究主修的大学。
• The Aztec Warrior mascot and the scarlet and black colours are defended by many students, though the mascot has been criticised as a caricature of Indigenous people.阿兹特克武士吉祥物与猩红、黑色校色得到许多学生维护，但这一吉祥物也被批评为对原住民的刻板化描绘。
• Each year students climb to the painted S on a nearby hillside, a letter maintained as a campus landmark and visible from much of the city.每年学生都会登上附近山坡上漆出的巨大字母「S」，这一标志由学生维护，从城市多处可见。
• The Aztecs field six men's and eleven women's varsity teams, won 14 Olympic medals by 2021, and moved to the rebuilt Pac-12 Conference in 2026 after the collapse of the old league set off a coast-to-coast realignment.阿兹特克队设有六支男子与十一支女子校队，到 2021 年共获得 14 枚奥运奖牌，并于 2026 年转入重建后的太平洋十二校联盟，此前旧联盟解体引发了横跨全美的联盟重组。

Notable people

• Tony Gwynn, who played baseball and basketball at SDSU, won eight National League batting titles, coached the Aztecs from 2003 until his death in 2014, and entered the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2007.托尼·格温在校期间同时参加棒球与篮球，后来八次获得国家联盟打击王，2003 年起执教阿兹特克棒球队直至 2014 年去世，并于 2007 年入选棒球名人堂。
• Marshall Faulk rushed for more than 4,500 yards in two seasons at SDSU before a Pro Football Hall of Fame career with the Rams and Colts.马歇尔·福克在圣地亚哥州立大学的两个赛季冲球超过 4,500 码，此后效力公羊与小马队，入选职业橄榄球名人堂。
• Kawhi Leonard led the Aztecs to the 2011 NCAA tournament and later won NBA championships with the San Antonio Spurs and Toronto Raptors.科怀·伦纳德率阿兹特克队打进 2011 年全国锦标赛，后来随圣安东尼奥马刺与多伦多猛龙夺得美职篮总冠军。
• Joe Gibbs, a three-time Super Bowl winning coach with the Washington Redskins, played football at San Diego State.曾三夺超级碗、执教华盛顿红皮的乔·吉布斯，大学时期在圣地亚哥州立大学打球。
• Brian Sipe, the 1980 National Football League most valuable player, and cornerback Willie Buchanon also came through the Aztec football programme.1980 年美国职业橄榄球联盟最有价值球员布赖恩·赛普与角卫威利·布坎农同样出自阿兹特克橄榄球队。
• Carl Weathers, later an actor in Rocky and The Mandalorian, played football for the Aztecs in the late 1960s.后来出演《洛奇》与《曼达洛人》的卡尔·韦瑟斯，1960 年代末曾为阿兹特克队打橄榄球。
• Ellen Ochoa, the first Hispanic woman to travel in space, earned her bachelor's degree in physics at San Diego State in 1980.首位进入太空的拉美裔女性埃伦·奥乔亚，1980 年在圣地亚哥州立大学取得物理学学士学位。
• The actor Raquel Welch studied drama at San Diego State on a scholarship before beginning her film career.演员拉奎尔·韦尔奇曾获奖学金在圣地亚哥州立大学学习戏剧，随后步入影坛。
• Kevin Faulconer, mayor of San Diego from 2014 to 2020, holds a degree from the university.2014 年至 2020 年任圣迭戈市长的凯文·福尔科纳持有该校学位。
• Faculty names survive in campus buildings, among them the historian Abraham P. Nasatir, the geographer Alvena Storm and the president Walter R. Hepner.该校教师的名字留在了校园建筑上，其中包括历史学家亚伯拉罕·P·纳萨蒂尔、地理学家阿尔维娜·斯托姆与校长沃尔特·R·赫普纳。