Samara National Research University

Samara National Research University, known as Samara University and formally named after the rocket designer Sergei Korolev, is a public university in Samara, Russia.萨马拉国立研究大学通称萨马拉大学，正式名称冠以火箭设计师谢尔盖·科罗廖夫之名，是俄罗斯萨马拉的一所公立大学。

It was founded in 1942 as the Kuibyshev Aviation Institute to supply designers and engineers for the Soviet aircraft industry during the Second World War, when the city itself carried the name Kuibyshev.该校 1942 年以古比雪夫航空学院之名创办，目的是在第二次世界大战期间为苏联航空工业输送设计师与工程师，当时这座城市本身即名为古比雪夫。

Its aerospace institutes, research bureaux, training airfield and aviation museum make it one of the principal engineering universities of the Volga region.该校的航空航天学院、研究所、训练机场与航空博物馆，使其成为伏尔加地区主要的工科大学之一。

History

• The Kuibyshev Aviation Institute was created in 1942 by order of the All-Union Committee on Higher Education, acting for the aircraft industry's design bureaux at a moment when whole factories were being moved east of the Volga.古比雪夫航空学院于 1942 年依全苏高等教育委员会的命令设立，服务于航空工业各设计局。
• Teaching began in October 1942 while the city, renamed Kuibyshev, was the wartime fallback capital and the reception point for factories evacuated from the west, a role that turned the city into an aircraft-building centre almost overnight.1942 年 10 月开课时，这座当时名为古比雪夫的城市是战时备用首都，也是从西部疏散来的工厂的接收地，这一角色几乎在一夜之间把该市变成了飞机制造中心。
• The institute trained engineers for aircraft factories that had been moved to the Volga, and its early laboratories worked on airframe structures and aero-engine components, and staff were expected to solve production problems on the factory floor as well as in the classroom.学院为迁至伏尔加河流域的飞机制造厂培养工程师，早期实验室的研究集中在机体结构与航空发动机部件上，教职人员既要在课堂上授课，也要到车间解决生产问题。
• In 1957 Kuibyshev began work on space technology, adding training and research in rocketry to its aviation remit as the Soviet Union committed itself to missiles and manned spaceflight.1957 年，学院开始涉足航天技术，在航空教学之外增设火箭方面的培养与研究，此时苏联正全力投入导弹与载人航天。
• Staff took part in the development of the Soyuz, Molniya and Vostok launch vehicles and in preparations for the Mir space station programme.教职人员参与了联盟号、闪电号与东方号运载火箭的研制，以及和平号空间站计划的准备工作。
• On 22 February 1966 a decree of the Communist Party Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers renamed the institute after the chief designer Sergei Korolev, who had died in January, and the decree, numbered 136, was issued jointly by the party and the government.1966 年 2 月 22 日，苏共中央与苏联部长会议颁布法令，以当年 1 月去世的总设计师谢尔盖·科罗廖夫之名重新命名学院，该法令编号为 136，由党政双方联合颁布。
• Viktor Lukachyov, a Hero of Socialist Labour, led the institute from 1956 and pushed it from a regional school towards national standing, and under him the institute acquired its first research laboratories and doctoral programmes.社会主义劳动英雄维克托·卢卡乔夫自 1956 年起执掌学院，推动它从地区性学校走向全国性地位；在他主持下，学院建立了首批研究实验室与博士培养项目。
• After Lukachyov left in 1988 the rector's office passed to Vladimir Shorin, later an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and then in 1990 to Viktor Soifer.1988 年卢卡乔夫离任后，校长一职先由后来当选俄罗斯科学院院士的弗拉基米尔·绍林接任，1990 年又交给维克托·索伊费尔。
• When the city recovered its historical name in January 1991, the institute became the Samara Aviation Institute, and on 23 September 1992 it gained university status as Samara State Aerospace University, which allowed it to award its own degrees and open new faculties.1991 年 1 月城市恢复历史名称后，学院改称萨马拉航空学院；1992 年 9 月 23 日，它升格为大学，定名萨马拉国立航空航天大学，从此可自主授予学位并增设院系。
• In 2009 the university was among the first eleven institutions, out of 39 successful applicants, to win the national research university competition, which brought a five-year programme of federal money for laboratories and international recruitment.2009 年，该校在 39 个入选名额中跻身首批 11 所，赢得国立研究型大学评选，随之而来的是为期五年的联邦拨款，用于实验室建设与国际人才招聘；这也是国家把科研经费集中投向少数高校的整体努力之一。
• In July 2013 it became one of 15 winners of the 5-100 programme, a state project intended to place five Russian universities in the world's top 100 by 2020. The programme closed in 2020 without any Russian university reaching that goal.2013 年 7 月，它成为「5-100」计划的 15 所入选高校之一；该国家项目原计划到 2020 年使五所俄罗斯大学进入世界前一百，但计划于 2020 年结束时，没有任何一所俄罗斯大学达成这一目标。
• Samara State University, the classical university of the region, was integrated into the aerospace university in 2015, adding natural sciences, humanities and social sciences.2015 年，该地区的经典综合性大学萨马拉国立大学并入这所航空航天大学，带来自然科学、人文与社会科学学科。
• On 6 April 2016 the Ministry of Education and Science renamed the merged institution Samara National Research University, with a branch in Tolyatti.2016 年 4 月 6 日，俄罗斯教育与科学部把合并后的机构定名为萨马拉国立研究大学，并在陶里亚蒂设有分校。
• The merger brought faculties of philology, history, law, economics, biology and chemistry into an institution that had been almost entirely technical, so that for the first time it could offer a broad undergraduate education in the humanities and natural sciences.合并把语言学、历史、法律、经济、生物与化学等院系带入一所原本几乎完全偏重技术的院校，使它首次能够在人文与自然科学领域提供宽口径的本科教育。
• Small AIST satellites designed with the Progress Rocket Space Centre were launched in 2013 and 2016, giving students hands-on experience of space hardware.该校与进步火箭航天中心共同设计的小型「AIST」卫星于 2013 年与 2016 年发射，为学生提供了接触航天硬件的实践机会。
• In 2022 the university was placed 581st in the QS World University Rankings, its highest position in that table before the methodology changes of later cycles.2022 年，该校在 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 581 位，这是其后几轮方法调整之前的最高名次。
• A supervisory board of figures from government and industry has overseen the university since the 2010s, linking it to the rocket and aircraft corporations of the region, and its members have included senior officials and chief executives of the firms that recruit Samara graduates.自 2010 年代起，一个由政府和产业界人士组成的监督委员会负责监管该校，把它与本地区的火箭与飞机制造企业联系起来；委员会成员中既有高级官员，也有录用萨马拉毕业生的企业负责人。
• The university marked its 75th anniversary in 2017, by which time it had trained tens of thousands of engineers for the Volga aerospace cluster.2017 年，学校迎来建校 75 周年，此时它已为伏尔加航空航天产业集群培养了数以万计的工程师。
• Its museum of aviation and cosmonautics, grown from departmental collections, records the institute's wartime origins and its part in the Soviet space programme, with components donated by the engine and rocket plants of the city.该校的航空与航天博物馆由各系收藏发展而来，记录了学院战时的起源及其在苏联航天计划中的角色，馆内陈列着该市发动机与火箭工厂捐赠的部件。
• Today the university presents itself as a research centre for aerospace, engine building and information technology, with the humanities added by the 2015 merger.如今，学校把自身定位为航空航天、发动机制造与信息技术的研究中心，2015 年的合并又为其增添了人文学科。

Academics

• Four institutes form the aerospace core: Space Engineering, Aerospace Propulsion, Aeronautical Engineering, and Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, each with its own laboratories and ties to a matching design bureau or factory.四个学院构成航空航天核心，分别是航天工程学院、航空航天推进学院、航空工程学院与电子及仪器工程学院，各院都有自己的实验室，并与对口的设计局或工厂保持联系。
• Faculties of computer science, information science, economics and management, and fundamental training support the technical institutes and the merged classical disciplines.计算机科学、信息科学、经济与管理、基础训练等院系，为技术类学院与并入的经典学科提供支撑。
• Five research institutes work on machine acoustics, airframe structures, instrument making, technology and quality problems, and system design, funded partly by industry contracts rather than by the state alone.五个研究所分别研究机械声学、机体结构、仪器制造、工艺与质量问题以及系统设计，其经费部分来自企业合同，而非单纯依靠国家拨款。
• Some 35 research laboratories and centres give students access to wind tunnels, engine test benches and structural testing equipment.约 35 个研究实验室与中心，使学生能够使用风洞、发动机试车台与结构测试设备。
• Nine dissertation councils award candidate and doctoral degrees, the Russian equivalents of the PhD, across engineering, physics, economics and the humanities, a legacy of the Soviet system in which the candidate degree preceded the doctorate.九个学位委员会负责授予工程、物理、经济与人文领域的副博士与博士学位；这一制度延续自苏联体系，副博士是博士学位之前的阶段。
• A training airfield, a research library and the aviation and cosmonautics museum are treated as teaching facilities rather than merely as heritage.训练机场、研究图书馆与航空航天博物馆被视为教学设施，而不仅仅是历史遗产。
• The Institute of Aerospace Propulsion trains designers of turbojet, rocket and combined-cycle engines and works closely with the Kuznetsov engine plant in Samara.航空航天推进学院培养涡轮喷气、火箭与组合循环发动机的设计人才，并与萨马拉的库兹涅佐夫发动机厂密切合作。
• The Space Engineering Institute covers launch vehicles, spacecraft, navigation and remote sensing, drawing on the city's rocket assembly plants.航天工程学院涵盖运载火箭、航天器、导航与遥感，依托该市的火箭总装企业开展教学。
• Electronics and instrumentation programmes deal with control systems, radio engineering and onboard computing for aircraft and spacecraft.电子与仪器类项目涉及控制系统、无线电工程以及飞机与航天器的机载计算。
• The economics and management faculty, strengthened by the 2015 merger, trains managers for aerospace firms and regional government.经济与管理学院在 2015 年合并后得到加强，为航空航天企业和地区政府培养管理人才。
• International students, most of them from Central Asia and other CIS states, study engineering and economics in Russian, and a preparatory faculty teaches the language to those who arrive without it.国际学生多来自中亚与其他独联体国家，用俄语学习工程与经济，预科系则为没有俄语基础的学生开设语言课程。
• The university participates in the 5-100 programme's mobility schemes, sending doctoral students abroad and hosting visiting professors from partner universities.学校参与「5-100」计划的流动项目，选派博士生出国并接待合作院校的访问教授。
• Applied research is commissioned by rocket and aircraft enterprises, including work on engine components, composite structures and small satellites.应用研究由火箭与飞机企业委托，内容包括发动机部件、复合材料结构与小卫星。
• The AIST small-satellite programme, run with the Progress Rocket Space Centre, gives students experience of building and operating spacecraft subsystems.与进步火箭航天中心合作开展的 AIST 小卫星项目，让学生实际参与航天器分系统的建造与运行。
• Teaching is organised on a six-year specialist model for some engineering courses and a four-year bachelor's model for others, followed by master's and doctoral study.部分工程专业采用六年制专家培养模式，另一些采用四年制学士模式，其后可继续攻读硕士与博士。
• Admission rests on the Unified State Examination, with additional entrance tests in mathematics and physics for most engineering courses.入学以统一国家考试为依据，多数工程专业还加试数学与物理。
• The academic year runs from September to June in two semesters, and results are recorded on the Russian five-point scale alongside the European credit system.学年自九月至次年六月，分两个学期；成绩既按俄罗斯五分制记载，也折算为欧洲学分体系。
• The university library holds technical collections inherited from the aviation institute and the classical university, with literature in Russian and English.大学图书馆的馆藏继承自航空学院与综合性大学，包括俄文与英文的技术文献。
• Its graduates are recruited by design bureaux, engine plants and information-technology firms across Samara, Tolyatti and the wider Volga region, and many combine study with part-time work in the plants, a practice that predates the post-Soviet economy.毕业生被萨马拉、陶里亚蒂及整个伏尔加地区的设计局、发动机厂与信息技术企业录用；许多人一边读书一边在工厂兼职，这种做法早在苏联时期就已存在。

Campus

• The main campus stands on Moskovskoye Shosse in the north of Samara, a few kilometres from the Volga embankment and the city's aerospace factories.主校区位于萨马拉北部的莫斯科公路旁，距伏尔加河滨与城市的航空航天工厂只有几公里。
• Teaching and laboratory buildings from the 1940s and 1950s stand beside later blocks for radio engineering, engine testing and information technology.20 世纪 40 与 50 年代的教学与实验楼，与后来兴建的无线电工程、发动机测试与信息技术大楼并立。
• The training airfield outside the city lets students of aeronautical engineering work with light aircraft and field equipment.城外的训练机场让航空工程专业学生能够接触轻型飞机与外场设备。
• The museum of aviation and cosmonautics displays engines, rocket components and models that trace the institute's contribution to Soviet space flight.航空与航天博物馆陈列发动机、火箭部件与模型，勾勒出学院对苏联航天事业的贡献。
• Hostels for out-of-town and international students stand within walking distance of the teaching buildings, a pattern inherited from the Soviet campus model.外地学生与国际学生宿舍距教学楼步行可达，这一布局延续了苏联时期的校园模式。
• A sports complex with halls for team games and a stadium serves the university's physical education programme and student teams.配有球类馆与体育场的体育综合体，服务于学校的体育课程与学生运动队。
• The branch in Tolyatti, the car-manufacturing city on the Volga, teaches engineering and economics for the local automotive industry.位于伏尔加河畔汽车城陶里亚蒂的分校，为当地汽车工业教授工程与经济类课程。
• Samara itself is a closed aerospace city in practice, home to rocket assembly and engine plants that give the university its industrial partners.萨马拉实际上是一座航空航天重镇，火箭总装与发动机制造企业为学校提供了产业伙伴。
• The Volga embankment, the Samara railway station and the airport lie within reach of the campus by tram, trolleybus and suburban train.伏尔加河滨、萨马拉火车站与机场均可乘有轨电车、无轨电车或市郊列车从校园抵达。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Samara University is placed in the 1201-1400 band, a tied range rather than a single position.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，萨马拉大学位列第 1201-1400 位，这是一个并列区间而非单一的名次。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place it in the 2001+ band, the lowest ranked group in that table.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名把该校列入 2001+ 区间，这是该榜中最低的名次组。
• U.S. News and World Report enters the university in its 2026-2027 Best Global Universities list but gives it no position in that edition.在《美国新闻与世界报道》2026-2027 年度全球最佳大学榜单中，该校进入榜单但未获名次。
• The Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026, compiled by ShanghaiRanking, does not include Samara University in its main table.由软科编制的 2026 年世界大学学术排名主榜未收录萨马拉大学。
• OpenAlex records 15,374 works and 171,303 citations for the university, a research base concentrated in engineering, physics and materials science.OpenAlex 数据库收录该校 15,374 项成果与 171,303 次引用，研究基础集中于工程、物理与材料科学。
• Its selection for the national research university competition in 2009 and for the 5-100 programme in 2013 are the two domestic distinctions most often cited.2009 年入选国立研究型大学、2013 年入选「5-100」计划，是该校最常被提及的两项国内荣誉。
• In 2022 QS placed the university 581st in the world, a position it has not matched in the most recent cycles as the ranking's weighting has changed.2022 年 QS 把该校列为世界第 581 位；随着榜单权重调整，近几轮它未能重现这一位置。
• Webometrics ranked it 1,579th in 2022, a measure that counts web presence and open-access output rather than reputation alone, so Russian universities often fare better there than in QS.2022 年 Webometrics 把它排在第 1,579 位，该榜衡量的是网络存在感与开放获取成果，而不只是声誉，因此俄罗斯高校在该榜上的表现往往优于 QS。
• The university's strongest subjects in international tables are mechanical and aerospace engineering, materials science and physics.该校在国际榜单上表现最强的学科是机械与航空航天工程、材料科学以及物理学。
• Its industrial ties to the rocket and engine plants of Samara give graduates a regional employment advantage that global rankings do not capture.学校与萨马拉火箭及发动机工厂的产业联系，为毕业生带来全球榜单无法体现的区域就业优势。

Student life

• Most students come from Samara Oblast and neighbouring regions, and the university provides hostels for those who move to the city.多数学生来自萨马拉州及邻近地区，学校为迁入该市的学生提供宿舍。
• Engineering students join design bureaux and student research societies that build experimental aircraft, engines and small satellite subsystems.工程专业学生加入设计局与学生科研社团，参与实验飞机、发动机与小卫星分系统的制作。
• The student teams compete in Russian and international engineering contests, including rocket and unmanned aircraft competitions.学生队伍参加俄罗斯及国际工程竞赛，包括火箭与无人机比赛。
• Physical education is compulsory in the first years, and the sports complex hosts volleyball, basketball and football leagues between faculties.低年级体育课为必修，体育综合体承办各院系之间的排球、篮球与足球联赛。
• The museum and the library run public lectures on space history, and students act as guides for school groups from across the region.博物馆与图书馆举办公开的航天史讲座，学生则为来自全州的学校团体担任讲解。
• Student teams enter the annual Student Spring festival, a nationwide competition in music, dance and theatre that began in the Soviet period.学生队伍参加一年一度的「学生之春」艺术节，这是始于苏联时期、覆盖全俄的音乐、舞蹈与戏剧比赛。
• International students, many from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, organise cultural evenings and language exchanges with Russian students.国际学生多来自哈萨克斯坦与乌兹别克斯坦，他们与俄罗斯学生一起组织文化晚会与语言交流。
• Student clubs cover radio electronics, robotics, debating and volunteer work, and the university supports a student newspaper and a local radio studio.学生社团涵盖无线电电子、机器人、辩论与志愿服务，学校还支持学生报纸与校园广播室。
• The city's aerospace museums, theatres and the Volga promenade give students a social life that extends beyond the campus gates, and the river port remains the city's main public space in summer.城市的航空航天博物馆、剧院与伏尔加河滨步道，使学生的社交生活延伸到校园之外，夏季的伏尔加河港区仍是该市最重要的公共空间。

Notable people

• Sergei Korolev, the chief designer of the Soviet space programme, gave the university its name although he never taught there.苏联航天计划总设计师谢尔盖·科罗廖夫从未在该校任教，但学校以他的名字命名。
• Viktor Lukachyov, rector from 1956, was named a Hero of Socialist Labour for his role in building the institute's research base.自 1956 年起任校长的维克托·卢卡乔夫因建设学院科研基础有功，获授社会主义劳动英雄称号。
• Viktor Soifer, rector from 1990, led the institution through its transition to university status and the post-Soviet years.1990 年上任的校长维克托·索伊费尔带领学校完成向大学的转型，并度过苏联解体后的岁月。
• Dmitry Rogozin, former deputy prime minister and head of the space agency Roscosmos, sat on the supervisory board.曾任副总理与俄罗斯航天国家集团负责人的德米特里·罗戈津，曾担任该校监督委员会成员。
• Zhores Alferov, the Nobel laureate in physics, and Mikhail Pogosyan, head of the United Aircraft Corporation, also served on the board.诺贝尔物理学奖得主若列斯·阿尔费罗夫与联合航空制造集团负责人米哈伊尔·波戈相也曾任该校董事。
• Igor Komarov, a former head of Roscosmos, and Edward Crawley of the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology completed the board's industrial and academic wing.俄罗斯航天国家集团前负责人伊戈尔·科马罗夫与斯科尔科沃科学技术研究院的爱德华·克劳利，构成了董事会的产业与学术两翼。
• Alexander Brod, a Russian human-rights lawyer and politician, graduated from the institute.俄罗斯人权律师与政治人物亚历山大·布罗德毕业于该校。
• Michal Klusáček, a Czech politician, is among its foreign graduates.捷克政治人物米哈尔·克卢萨切克是该校的外国毕业生之一。
• Emily Orwaru, a Kenyan aeronautical engineer, trained at Samara and later worked in African aviation.肯尼亚航空工程师艾米莉·奥瓦鲁曾在萨马拉学习，此后从事非洲航空业相关工作。
• Konstantin Titov, governor of Samara Oblast from 1991 to 2007, studied at the institute before entering politics.1991 年至 2007 年任萨马拉州州长的康斯坦丁·季托夫在从政前曾在该校学习。
• Dmitry Muratov, editor of Novaya Gazeta and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate of 2021, graduated from Samara State University before its merger.《新报》主编、2021 年诺贝尔和平奖得主德米特里·穆拉托夫在合并前毕业于萨马拉国立大学。