Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University

Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI" (ETU, СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ») is a public technical university on Aptekarsky Island in Saint Petersburg, founded in 1886 as a college of the postal and telegraph department and raised to higher-education status in 1899.圣彼得堡电工大学（简称 ЛЭТИ，俄文：СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ»）是位于圣彼得堡阿普捷卡尔斯基岛的公立技术大学，1886 年以邮政与电报部门的技术学校创办，1899 年获得高等教育地位。

It teaches radio engineering, telecommunications, control systems, computer engineering, electronics, biomedical engineering, management and linguistics through seven full-time faculties, with about 9,226 students and postgraduate researchers.学校通过七个全日制系教授无线电工程、通信、控制系统、计算机工程、电子学、生物医学工程、管理与语言学，约有 9,226 名学生与研究生。

LETI sits in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027 and in 1801-2000 of the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, while OpenAlex records 13,086 works and 147,012 citations for its authors.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列 1201-1400 区间，在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中位列 1801-2000 区间，OpenAlex 记录其作者 13,086 项成果与 147,012 次引用。

History

• In 1886 Count Dmitry Tolstoy, the minister of the interior, submitted draft provisional regulations for a technical college to the State Council, and Emperor Alexander III approved them with a three-year course of study.1886 年，内务大臣德米特里·托尔斯泰伯爵向国务会议提交技术学校暂行章程草案，皇帝亚历山大三世批准该章程，学制定为三年。
• The Technical College of the Postal and Telegraph Department opened on 4 September 1886 in the former Telegraph Department building at Novo-Isaakievskaya 18, now Yakubovicha Street.邮政与电报部门技术学校于 1886 年 9 月 4 日开学，校舍设在原电报局大楼，即新伊萨基耶夫斯卡娅街 18 号，今雅库博维奇街。
• Nikolai Pisarevsky, an engineer in electrical communications, became the first director and shaped a curriculum that combined physics, telegraphy and electrical engineering.电气通信工程师尼古拉·皮萨列夫斯基出任首任校长，设计了把物理学、电报技术与电工学结合起来的课程。
• On 11 June 1891, Emperor Alexander III signed a decree renaming the college the Electrotechnical Institute and extending the course to four years.1891 年 6 月 11 日，皇帝亚历山大三世签署敕令，将学校更名为电工学院，并把学制延长至四年。
• After Pisarevsky died in 1895, Nikolai Kachalov took charge of the institute and pressed for recognition as a higher technical school.1895 年皮萨列夫斯基去世后，尼古拉·卡恰洛夫接掌学院，并推动其获得高等技术学校的地位。
• On 4 June 1899 the institute was granted the status of a higher education institution with a five-year training period, a change that put it on a par with the empire's other engineering schools.1899 年 6 月 4 日，学院获得高等教育机构地位，学制改为五年，由此与帝国其他工科院校地位相当。
• In August 1899 Emperor Nicholas II ordered the institute renamed the Electrotechnical Institute of Emperor Alexander III in memory of its founder, a title it carried until 1917.1899 年 8 月，皇帝尼古拉二世下令将学院更名为亚历山大三世电工学院，以纪念其创办者，此名一直沿用至 1917 年。
• A group of purpose-built laboratories and teaching buildings was erected on Aptekarsky Island, and the institute moved there in 1903, where the campus has remained ever since.学院在阿普捷卡尔斯基岛兴建了一批专用实验室与教学楼，并于 1903 年迁入，此后的校址一直未曾迁离。
• In September 1905 Alexander Popov, who had demonstrated wireless signalling in 1895, became the institute's first elected director, and the campus became a centre of Russian radio research.1905 年 9 月，曾在 1895 年演示无线电通信的亚历山大·波波夫成为学院首位民选校长，校园由此成为俄罗斯无线电研究的中心。
• After the revolution the institute was renamed after V. I. Ulyanov (Lenin) in 1918, a name it kept until 1992 and still carries in its official Russian title.十月革命后，学院于 1918 年改以乌里扬诺夫（列宁）命名，此名沿用至 1992 年，至今仍保留在其俄文正式校名中。
• In the 1920s and 1930s Professors Valentin Kovalenkov and Nikolai Scritsky introduced a telemechanics major, from which the Department of Automation and Telemechanics grew.20 世纪二三十年代，瓦莲京·科瓦连科夫与尼古拉·斯克里茨基教授开设遥控机械学专业，自动化与遥控机械学系即由此发展而来。
• During the Second World War many staff and students went to the front, while a group led by Professor Sergei Rinkevich stayed in besieged Leningrad to keep research running.第二次世界大战期间，许多师生奔赴前线，由谢尔盖·林克维奇教授率领的一组人则留在被围困的列宁格勒维持研究工作。
• In April 1942 Rinkevich helped establish a research bureau attached to the People's Commissariat of the Shipbuilding Industry, which carried out defence tasks for the besieged city.1942 年 4 月，林克维奇协助设立隶属造船工业人民委员部的科研局，为被围城市执行国防任务。
• Professor A. Alekseev organised welding work on Lake Ladoga, repairing the metal parts of berths and vessels used on the Road of Life, the ice route that supplied Leningrad.阿·阿列克谢耶夫教授组织在拉多加湖上进行焊接作业，修复「生命之路」这条补给冰道上所用的码头与船舶金属部件。
• A monument to students and employees who died in the war was unveiled on Instrumentalnaya Street on 5 November 1986, the year of the institute's centenary.1986 年 11 月 5 日，即学院建校百年之际，纪念在战争中死难的师生纪念碑在工具街揭幕。
• In 1992 the institute received the status of a technical university, and in 1998 it adopted the short name LETI, which had been used informally for decades.1992 年学院获得技术大学地位，1998 年采用「ЛЭТИ」这一简称，该简称此前已非正式使用数十年。
• The Ugra branch opened in 1998 in Yugorsk, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, extending the university's teaching into the oil and gas regions of western Siberia.1998 年，学校在汉特-曼西自治区尤戈尔斯克开设尤格拉分校，把教学延伸到西西伯利亚的油气产区。
• The institute's names run from the Technical College of the Post and Telegraph Department through the Electrotechnical Institute of Emperor Alexander III to the present Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University LETI.学校的名称沿革从邮政与电报部门技术学校，经亚历山大三世电工学院，一直到今天的圣彼得堡电工大学「ЛЭТИ」。
• In August 2016 ETU LETI joined Project 5-100, the Russian academic excellence programme that sought to place five Russian universities in the world's top hundred.2016 年 8 月，圣彼得堡电工大学加入「5-100 计划」，这项俄罗斯学术卓越计划旨在推动五所俄罗斯大学进入世界前一百名。
• Its best QS showing came in 2023, when it was placed in the 751-800 band, before slipping back into the 1201-1400 band by the 2027 edition.该校在 QS 榜单上的最好成绩出现在 2023 年，当时位列 751-800 区间，到 2027 年版则回落至 1201-1400 区间。
• In the Times Higher Education table it was ranked 1,201st in 2022 and stood in the 1801-2000 band in 2027, a trajectory that mirrors the shrinking international visibility of Russian technical universities after 2022.在泰晤士高等教育榜单上，该校 2022 年位列第 1,201 名，2027 年则处于 1801-2000 区间，这一轨迹与 2022 年之后俄罗斯工科大学国际可见度下降的趋势一致。

Academics

• Seven full-time faculties teach bachelor's, master's and specialist degrees in radio engineering, telecommunications, control processes, computer engineering, information technology, electronics, biomedical engineering, management and linguistics.七个全日制系开设本科、硕士与专家学位课程，覆盖无线电工程、通信、控制过程、计算机工程、信息技术、电子学、生物医学工程、管理与语言学。
• The seven faculties are radio engineering and telecommunications, electronics, computer science and technology, electrical engineering and automation, economics and management, the humanities, and a faculty of open and distance education.七个系分别为无线电工程与通信、电子学、计算机科学与技术、电气工程与自动化、经济与管理、人文，以及开放与远程教育学院。
• About 9,226 students and postgraduate researchers are enrolled, and the university produces more than 2,000 graduates from its main programmes each year.学校约有 9,226 名学生与研究生在读，每年主要项目培养的毕业生超过 2,000 人。
• Scientific training is offered in 43 specialties, with 234 graduate students enrolled and more than fifty completing postgraduate study each year.学校在 43 个专业方向开展科研人才培养，现有 234 名研究生，每年完成研究生学业的超过五十人。
• Nine dissertation councils award degrees in 23 scientific specialties, covering radio engineering, electronics, control systems, computer science and the humanities subjects taught at LETI.九个学位论文委员会在 23 个科学专业授予学位，涵盖无线电工程、电子学、控制系统、计算机科学以及该校开设的人文类学科。
• The teaching staff includes three full members and five corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, more than 220 professors and doctors of science, and twenty laureates of national and international awards.师资包括三名俄罗斯科学院正式院士与五名通讯院士、二百二十余名教授与理学博士，以及二十位国家和国际奖项获得者。
• Radio engineering and telecommunications remain the core, and the university's laboratories work on antenna systems, signal processing, microwave devices and secure communications.无线电工程与通信仍是核心，学校实验室在天线系统、信号处理、微波器件与保密通信方向开展研究。
• Control engineering and computer science grew out of the telemechanics department of the 1930s and now cover embedded systems, automation and information security.控制工程与计算机科学源自 1930 年代的遥控机械学系，如今涵盖嵌入式系统、自动化与信息安全。
• Doctoral graduates commonly continue at the Ioffe Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, where LETI's radio-physics tradition connects to semiconductor and microwave research.博士毕业生常进入俄罗斯科学院约费研究所，该校的无线电物理传统在那里与半导体及微波研究相衔接。
• Electronics and biomedical engineering are taught together, and the university develops diagnostic devices and signal-processing methods for medical use.电子学与生物医学工程合并教学，学校开发用于医疗的诊断设备与信号处理方法。
• Management and linguistics are taught as service subjects for engineers, including technical translation and the economics of high-technology enterprises.管理与语言学作为面向工程师的辅助学科开设，包括技术翻译与高技术企业经济学。
• LETI has educational partnerships with 82 universities in 29 countries and wider research links with about 160 universities in 75 countries.该校与 29 个国家的 82 所大学建立教育合作关系，并与约 75 个国家的 160 所大学保持更广泛的研究联系。
• Joint and double-degree programmes include a joint bachelor's course with the Xuzhou Institute of Technology and double diplomas with Lappeenranta University of Technology and TU Ilmenau.联合与双学位项目包括与徐州工程学院合办的本科项目，以及与拉彭兰塔理工大学、伊尔梅瑙工业大学合办的双学位项目。
• The university runs preparatory courses for school pupils, which supply a substantial share of its first-year intake in radio engineering and computer science.学校为中学生开设附属中学与预科课程，为其无线电工程与计算机科学的一年级生源提供了相当比例。
• Doctoral and postdoctoral research is concentrated in electrical engineering, radio physics, control theory and the history of electrical engineering as a distinct field of study.博士与博士后研究集中于电气工程、无线电物理、控制理论以及作为独立研究领域的电工学史。
• The university's scientific library and museum hold the institute's nineteenth-century records, including Popov's apparatus and the earliest Russian radio experiments.学校科学图书馆与博物馆保存着学院十九世纪的档案，包括波波夫的实验装置与俄罗斯最早的无线电实验记录。
• OpenAlex credits LETI with 13,086 works and 147,012 citations, a publication profile dominated by engineering conference papers and journal articles in Russian and English.OpenAlex 记录该校 13,086 项成果与 147,012 次引用，其发表结构以工程会议论文及俄文、英文期刊论文为主。
• Contract research is funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the Russian Science Foundation and industrial customers, and the university reports its results in engineering journals and conference proceedings.其合同研究由科学与高等教育部、俄罗斯科学基金以及工业客户出资，成果以工程期刊论文与会议论文集的形式发表。
• Project 5-100 funding from 2016 was used to build international laboratories and to recruit foreign postdoctoral researchers, a programme that ended in 2020.2016 年起获得的「5-100 计划」经费用于建设国际实验室与招聘外国博士后，该计划于 2020 年结束。
• Admission is based on the Unified State Examination and internal examinations in mathematics and physics, and the university is one of the more selective technical schools in Saint Petersburg.录取以统一国家考试及数学、物理校内考试为依据，该校是圣彼得堡录取门槛较高的工科院校之一。

Campus

• The campus occupies a block on Aptekarsky Island, the Petrograd side of Saint Petersburg, at 5 Professor Popov Street, near the Petrogradskaya metro station.校区位于圣彼得堡彼得格勒一侧的阿普捷卡尔斯基岛，地址为波波夫教授街 5 号，靠近彼得格勒地铁站。
• Its oldest buildings date from the 1903 move and were designed as laboratories, so that teaching rooms and research halls sit in the same structures.最古老的建筑可追溯到 1903 年迁址之时，按实验室用途设计，教室与研究大厅因此同处一栋建筑之内。
• The campus forms a compact triangle bounded by Professor Popov Street, Instrumentalnaya Street and the Petrogradskaya embankment, with about a dozen teaching and laboratory buildings.校区呈紧凑的三角形，由波波夫教授街、工具街与彼得格勒滨河路围合，约有十余栋教学与实验建筑。
• The main building carries a memorial museum and the institute's archive, and its facade is one of the recognised landmarks of the Petrograd side's technical architecture.主楼内设纪念博物馆与学院档案馆，其立面是彼得格勒一侧技术建筑中公认的地标之一。
• A monument to students and staff killed in the Second World War stands on Instrumentalnaya Street, close to the older laboratory buildings.纪念二战中死难师生纪念碑立于工具街，靠近较老的实验楼群。
• The campus includes dormitories for students from other regions, a sports hall, a canteen and a polyclinic, which makes it a compact residential-academic district.校区内设有外地学生宿舍、体育馆、食堂与医务所，构成一个紧凑的住宿与教学街区。
• The university's Ugra branch in Yugorsk occupies smaller premises and serves students in the oil and gas towns of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.该校位于尤戈尔斯克的尤格拉分校规模较小，服务汉特-曼西自治区各油气城镇的学生。
• The campus sits within walking distance of the Petrogradskaya embankment and the Petersburg Botanical Garden, and trams and buses connect it to the city centre in about twenty minutes.校区步行可达彼得格勒滨河路与圣彼得堡植物园，有轨电车与公交约二十分钟可达市中心。
• Because the site has been continuously rebuilt since 1903, the campus is a mixture of pre-revolutionary brick laboratories, Soviet-era teaching blocks and post-2000 research buildings.由于校址自 1903 年以来不断改建，校园由革命前的砖砌实验室、苏联时期的教学楼与 2000 年后新建的研究楼混合而成。
• A separate building on the campus houses the Faculty of Electronics and the biomedical engineering laboratories, which need shielded rooms and clean benches.校园内另有一栋建筑容纳电子学系与生物医学工程实验室，因后者需要屏蔽室与超净工作台。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 LETI is placed in the 1201-1400 band, the shared range QS assigns to institutions between 1201 and 1400 globally.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校被列入 1201-1400 区间，这是 QS 对全球第 1201 至 1400 名院校采用的并列档位。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place it in the 1801-2000 band, down from 1,201st in 2022.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将其列入 1801-2000 区间，较 2022 年的第 1,201 名明显下滑。
• LETI entered the 2026-2027 U.S. News global list but received no ranked position in that edition, and it was not placed in the main table of the 2026 Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities.该校进入 2026-2027 年度 U.S. News 全球榜单但未获名次，也未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜。
• Its OpenAlex record of 13,086 works and 147,012 citations gives a citation-to-paper ratio of about eleven, respectable for an engineering school of its size.其 OpenAlex 数据为 13,086 项成果与 147,012 次引用，篇均引用约十一次，对这样规模的工科院校而言相当可观。
• Dometically LETI was placed eighth among Russian technical universities in the demand-for-graduates ranking and second among technical universities in Saint Petersburg.在国内的毕业生需求排名中，该校位列俄罗斯工科大学第八、圣彼得堡工科大学第二。
• In the 2018 monitoring of admission quality it took fifth place among Russian technical universities and second in Saint Petersburg, and first among the city's technical universities for graduate employment.在 2018 年的招生质量监测中，该校位列俄罗斯工科大学第五、圣彼得堡第二，并在圣彼得堡工科院校的毕业生就业监测中居首。
• Within Russia it is grouped with Bauman Moscow State Technical University and the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology as the older engineering schools that supplied the Soviet electronics industry.在俄罗斯国内，它常与鲍曼莫斯科国立技术大学、莫斯科物理技术学院并列为曾支撑苏联电子工业的老牌工科院校。
• Its 2023 QS band of 751-800 remains the high-water mark of its international rankings, achieved while it was a participant in Project 5-100.该校 2023 年 QS 751-800 的档位仍是其国际排名的最高纪录，当时它正参与「5-100 计划」。
• The university's reputation in Russia rests on radio engineering and telecommunications, fields in which its graduates staff design bureaus, defence electronics plants and telecom operators.该校在俄罗斯的声望建立在无线电工程与通信之上，其毕业生遍布设计局、国防电子工厂与电信运营商。
• Employers in telecommunications, electronics and instrument-making rank LETI's radio engineering graduates among the most sought-after in north-west Russia, which is why its employment monitoring has been strong.电信、电子与仪器制造领域的雇主把该校无线电工程毕业生列为俄罗斯西北部最抢手的人才之一，这也是其就业监测成绩突出的原因。
• Since 2022 its international partnerships have narrowed, and the QS and THE falls reflect both reduced data sharing and the wider isolation of Russian higher education.2022 年以来其国际合作范围收窄，QS 与泰晤士排名的下滑既反映数据共享减少，也反映俄罗斯高等教育整体的孤立处境。

Student life

• Student life centres on the Aptekarsky Island campus, where lecture halls, dormitories and laboratories are close enough that most students walk between them in minutes.学生生活以阿普捷卡尔斯基岛校区为中心，教室、宿舍与实验室相距很近，多数学生步行数分钟即可往返。
• Student design bureaus and radio clubs continue a tradition that began with Popov's experiments, and teams build antennas, robots and embedded devices for national competitions.学生设计局与无线电俱乐部延续了始于波波夫实验的传统，各队为全国竞赛制作天线、机器人与嵌入式装置。
• Faculty-level student societies organise the annual LETI student conference, where undergraduates present research papers alongside postgraduate students.各系学生社团组织一年一度的全校学生学术会议，本科生与研究生同场报告研究论文。
• Sports teams compete in volleyball, basketball, football and orienteering, and the campus sports hall is shared between physical education classes and student clubs.校队在排球、篮球、足球与定向越野项目上参赛，校园体育馆由体育课与学生社团共用。
• The museum and the Popov memorial rooms are used for induction, so that first-year students meet the institute's nineteenth-century instruments in their first weeks.博物馆与波波夫纪念室用于新生入学教育，一年级学生在最初几周就能接触到学院十九世纪的仪器。
• Because the campus sits in the historic Petrograd side, student social life mixes campus canteens with the cafes and bookshops of Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt.由于校区位于历史悠久的彼得格勒一侧，学生的社交生活既有校园食堂，也有石岛大街的咖啡馆与书店。
• Dormitory places are allocated by faculty, and students from the Ugra branch spend short residential periods in Saint Petersburg for laboratory work.宿舍名额按系分配，尤格拉分校的学生会短期来圣彼得堡住校完成实验课程。
• International students, mainly from China, Vietnam and Central Asia, take Russian-language preparatory courses before joining engineering programmes taught in Russian.国际学生主要来自中国、越南与中亚，先修俄语预科课程，再进入以俄语授课的工程专业。
• Student societies publish a newspaper and run a campus radio club, and faculty societies recruit during the first weeks of the autumn term.学生广播站与校报全年出版，二者都可追溯到学院二十世纪初的技术社团。

Notable people

• Alexander Popov, who demonstrated wireless transmission in 1895 and became the institute's first elected director in 1905, is the figure around whom LETI's identity is built.亚历山大·波波夫于 1895 年演示无线电传输，1905 年成为学院首位民选校长，是该校身份认同所系的核心人物。
• Nikolai Pisarevsky, an engineer in electrical communications, was the first director from 1886 until his death in 1895 and designed the original three-year curriculum.电气通信工程师尼古拉·皮萨列夫斯基自 1886 年起任首任校长直至 1895 年去世，设计了最初的三年的课程。
• Count Dmitry Tolstoy, minister of the interior, drafted the regulations that created the college, and Emperor Alexander III approved them in 1886.内务大臣德米特里·托尔斯泰伯爵起草了创办该校的章程，皇帝亚历山大三世于 1886 年批准。
• Nikolai Kachalov led the institute after Pisarevsky and secured its recognition as a higher education institution in 1899.尼古拉·卡恰洛夫在皮萨列夫斯基之后主持学院，并于 1899 年促成其获得高等教育机构地位。
• Zhores Alferov, who shared the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics for the semiconductor heterojunction, graduated from LETI in 1952 and is its most decorated alumnus.若列斯·阿尔费罗夫因半导体异质结研究分享 2000 年诺贝尔物理学奖，他 1952 年毕业于该校，是最负盛名的校友。
• Konstantin Khrenov, an engineer and inventor, developed underwater welding and is counted among the institute's engineering graduates.康斯坦丁·赫列诺夫是工程师与发明家，开创水下焊接技术，被列为该校培养的工程人才之一。
• Sergei Rinkevich, a professor, stayed in besieged Leningrad and organised the research bureau that served the shipbuilding industry in 1942.谢尔盖·林克维奇教授留在被围困的列宁格勒，于 1942 年组建了服务造船工业的科研局。
• Alexei Mishin, the figure-skating coach who trained Olympic champions, studied and later taught at the institute before devoting himself to coaching.阿列克谢·米申是培养出奥运冠军的花样滑冰教练，曾在学院学习并任教，后专事教练工作。
• Dmitry Astrakhan, film director and actor, is a LETI graduate who moved from radio engineering into cinema and television.德米特里·阿斯特拉罕是电影导演与演员，毕业于该校，从无线电工程转入电影与电视行业。
• Valery Golubev and Vladimir Kozhin, both politicians and businessmen, appear among the university's alumni in public life.瓦列里·戈卢别夫与弗拉基米尔·科任均为政界与商界人士，被列为该校进入公共生活的校友。