RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences

RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, formerly the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, is a medical school and professional body based in Dublin, Ireland, founded in 1784 and known by its historic name until it became a university in 2019.RCSI医学与健康科学大学原名爱尔兰皇家外科医学院，是位于爱尔兰都柏林的医学院和专业机构，1784年创办，直至2019年升格为大学前一直使用旧名。

Its main campus at St Stephen's Green and York Street houses schools of medicine, pharmacy and biomolecular sciences, physiotherapy, population health, dentistry, and nursing and midwifery, and the college also runs a network of affiliated teaching hospitals.该校主校区位于圣斯蒂芬绿地与约克街，设有医学、药学与生物分子科学、物理治疗、人口健康、牙科以及护理与助产等学院，学院还运营一个附属教学医院网络。

RCSI was ranked first in the world for SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being in the Times Higher Education Impact Rankings 2025, which assess universities against the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.该校在2025年泰晤士高等教育影响力排名的「良好健康与福祉」单项中位列全球第一，该排名依据联合国可持续发展目标评估高校。

History

• Surgery in Dublin was licensed by the Barber-Surgeons' Guild, also known as the Guild of St Mary Magdalene, whose chapel stood in Christ Church and which regulated both barbers and surgeons in the city.都柏林的外科执业原由理发师-外科医师公会（又称圣玛丽玛格达莱娜公会）许可，其礼拜堂设在基督教堂内，该公会同时管理城中的理发师与外科医生。
• Guild membership required a three-year apprenticeship followed by two years as a journeyman, and the college kept a mandatory apprenticeship until 1828.加入公会须完成三年学徒期并在师傅手下作两年帮工，学院则一直保留强制学徒制至1828年。
• The Barber-Surgeons' Guild was incorporated by a royal decree of Henry VI in 1446, becoming the first medical corporation in Britain or Ireland and giving the guild permanent legal standing in Dublin.理发师-外科医师公会于1446年经亨利六世御令注册，成为不列颠与爱尔兰首个医学法人团体，并使公会在都柏林获得永久法律地位。
• In 1765 Sylvester O'Halloran, a surgeon from Limerick, proposed a College of Surgeons modeled on the Collège de St. Cosme in Paris, which had regulated French surgeons since its creation by Louis IX in 1255.1765年，利默里克外科医生西尔维斯特·奥哈洛兰提议仿照巴黎圣科姆学院建立一所外科医学院，该学院自1255年由路易九世创设以来一直管理法国外科医生。
• The Dublin Society of Surgeons was founded in 1780 at the Elephant public house on Essex Street, now Parliament Street.都柏林外科医师学会于1780年在埃塞克斯街（今议会街）的大象酒馆成立。
• Trinity College Dublin did not teach surgery until 1851, so in the 18th century Ireland had no school focused on surgery, and students trained through apprenticeship in Dublin hospitals or went abroad.都柏林圣三一学院直到1851年才开设外科课程，因此18世纪的爱尔兰没有专攻外科的学校，学生只能通过在都柏林医院做学徒或出国学习。
• The new society lobbied for a royal charter and in 1781 presented the Lord Lieutenant with a petition to be incorporated separately from the barbers, arguing that surgical education needed its own chartered body.新学会积极争取皇家特许状，并于1781年向爱尔兰总督递交请愿书，要求与理发师行会分开注册，主张外科教育需要自己的特许机构。
• King George III granted the awaited charter on 11 February 1784, establishing the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.国王乔治三世于1784年2月11日颁发特许状，爱尔兰皇家外科医学院由此成立。
• The governing body, including first president Samuel Croker-King and first professor of surgery William Dease, met in the boardroom of the Rotunda Hospital, a Dublin maternity hospital, for the first time on 2 March 1784.包括首任院长塞缪尔·克罗克-金和首位外科教授威廉·迪斯在内的管理机构于1784年3月2日在都柏林产科医院圆厅医院的董事会议室首次集会。
• At the time of the Protestant Ascendancy, admission and employment were not subject to sectarian discrimination, and two leading founders plus 11 of the first 57 presidents were Roman Catholics.在新教优势时期，入学与聘用不受教派歧视，两位主要创始人和最初57位院长中有11位是天主教徒。
• From 1856 the college also recognized medical qualifications given by the Catholic University, which gave more weight to its own diplomas.自1856年起，学院还承认天主教大学颁发的医学资格，这提升了该校文凭的分量。
• John Birch became the first candidate for examination in August 1784.约翰·伯奇于1784年8月成为首位参加考试的考生。
• RCSI acquired its first home at the corner of York Street in September 1805 and additional land at Glover's Alley in 1809, on a site previously used as an abandoned Quaker burial ground close to the city's hospitals and the River Liffey.学院于1805年9月在约克街街角购得首个校舍，1809年又购入格洛弗巷的额外土地，该地块原为废弃的贵格会墓地，靠近城中医院与利菲河。
• John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford, laid the foundation stone of the new building on St Patrick's Day 1806, when he was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and construction was completed in March 1810.第六代贝德福德公爵约翰·拉塞尔于1806年圣帕特里克节为新楼奠基，当时他正任爱尔兰总督，工程于1810年3月竣工。
• The college appointed its first Chair of Medicine in 1813, and as of 2021 the York Street building remained the primary location of the college.学院于1813年设立首个医学教授席位，截至2021年约克街建筑仍是学院的主要校址。
• Queen Victoria granted a supplemental charter in 1844 that divided medical graduates into Licentiates and Fellows and created the two grades that still structure RCSI qualifications.维多利亚女王于1844年颁发补充特许状，将医学毕业生分为执业医师与院士两类，并确立了至今仍构成学院资格体系的两个等级。
• Physicians were initially trained alongside surgeons, and the two disciplines merged in 1886, when the medical school began operation.内科医生最初与外科医生共同培养，两个学科于1886年合并，医学院随之开始运作。
• Graduates still receive Licentiate diplomas from the two Royal Colleges, the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland and RCSI, and MB BCh BAO degrees from the National University of Ireland.毕业生至今仍获得爱尔兰皇家内科医学院与爱尔兰皇家外科医学院两所皇家学院的执业文凭，以及爱尔兰国立大学颁发的医学学士、外科学士和产科学士学位。
• Defunct subjects formerly taught included Logic from 1852 to 1862, Military Surgery from 1851 to 1860 and botany from 1792 to 1889.学院曾开设而后来停办的专业包括1852至1862年的逻辑学、1851至1860年的军事外科以及1792至1889年的植物学。
• In 1885 RCSI became the first medical school in Ireland to admit women to its classes, and Emily Winifred Dickson became the first woman Fellow of any Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland or Great Britain in 1893.1885年，学院成为爱尔兰第一所招收女生的医学院，艾米莉·温妮弗雷德·迪克森于1893年成为爱尔兰或英国任何一所皇家外科医学院的首位女院士。
• Mary Strangman became the second woman Fellow in 1902, and Ethna Gaffney became the first female professor at RCSI in 1967.玛丽·斯特朗曼于1902年成为第二位女院士，埃斯纳·加夫尼于1967年成为学院首位女教授。
• During the 1916 Rising, which began on Easter Monday and spread across central Dublin, the main college building on St Stephen's Green was occupied by Irish Citizen Army forces led by Commandant Michael Mallin and Countess Markievicz.1916年复活节起义于复活节星期一开始并蔓延至都柏林市中心，起义期间圣斯蒂芬绿地的主楼被迈克尔·马林指挥官与马基维茨伯爵夫人率领的爱尔兰公民军占领。
• After surrendering, both leaders were tried and sentenced to death, Mallin was executed and Markievicz's sentence was commuted because of her gender, making her the only woman sentenced to death after the Rising.投降后两位领袖均受审并被判死刑，马林被处决，马基维茨则因性别原因获减刑，成为起义后唯一被判死刑的女性。
• RCSI became the first medical institution of learning in Ireland to offer a four-year graduate entry programme in medicine, which admits graduates of other disciplines.学院成为爱尔兰首家开设四年制医学研究生入学项目的医学教育机构，该项目招收其他学科的毕业生。
• In December 2019 RCSI was authorised as a university, becoming the ninth in Ireland and the eleventh on the island, alongside Queen's University Belfast and Ulster University.2019年12月，学院获准升格为大学，成为爱尔兰第九所大学、爱尔兰岛第十一所大学，与贝尔法斯特女王大学和阿尔斯特大学并列。
• The change followed new legislation, ministerial approval and votes in both houses of the Oireachtas, and it built on independent degree-awarding status granted by the Irish government in 2010.这一变更经新立法、部长批准和议会两院表决通过，并建立在爱尔兰政府2010年授予的独立学位颁发权之上。
• RCSI's application was complicated by its status as a private body, but the government created a standard process, the college met its conditions and ministerial approval followed.学院的申请因其私立身份而复杂化，但政府为此制定了标准程序，学院满足条件后获得部长批准。

Academics

• The institution is organised into faculties and schools, some focused on undergraduate studies and others on postgraduate and continuing professional education, supporting certificate, diploma, degree and higher degree programmes.该校按学部与学院组织，部分侧重本科教学，部分侧重研究生教育与继续职业培训，涵盖证书、文凭、学位和高级学位项目。
• The Dublin campus incorporates schools of medicine, pharmacy and biomolecular sciences, physiotherapy, population health, dentistry, and nursing and midwifery.都柏林校区设有医学、药学与生物分子科学、物理治疗、人口健康、牙科以及护理与助产等学院。
• It offers undergraduate and postgraduate education in a broad range of healthcare fields, including medicine, pharmacy, physiotherapy, dentistry and nursing, with teaching that combines lectures, laboratory work and clinical placements in Dublin hospitals.学校在医学、药学、物理治疗、牙科和护理等广泛医疗健康领域提供本科与研究生教育，教学结合课堂讲授、实验室工作和都柏林医院的临床实习。
• Medical graduates typically receive MB BCh BAO degrees from the National University of Ireland alongside professional licentiate diplomas.医学毕业生通常获得爱尔兰国立大学的医学学士、外科学士和产科学士学位，同时取得专业执业文凭。
• RCSI-Bahrain offers a Bachelor of Medicine programme, a four-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing and a two-year research-based Master of Science in Nursing.RCSI巴林校区开设医学学士项目、四年制护理理学学士项目和两年制研究型护理理学硕士项目。
• RCSI Dubai opened in 2005 and offers postgraduate programmes in healthcare management.RCSI迪拜校区于2005年开办，提供医疗管理方向的研究生项目。
• RCSI and University College Dublin opened a joint campus in Penang, Malaysia in 2018, known as the RCSI and UCD Malaysia Campus.学院与都柏林大学学院于2018年在马来西亚槟城开设联合校区，称为爱尔兰皇家外科医学院-都柏林大学学院马来西亚校区。
• More than 95 countries from every continent are represented in the RCSI student body, with students drawn from Europe, North America, Asia, Africa and the Middle East.该校学生群体来自各大洲的95个以上国家，生源遍及欧洲、北美、亚洲、非洲和中东。
• During the South African apartheid era RCSI provided medical education to people who were discriminated against.在南非种族隔离时期，学院为受歧视群体提供医学教育。
• Between 2014 and 2018 RCSI-affiliated researchers collaborated with more than 2,100 international academic and industry institutions.2014年至2018年间，学院相关研究人员与2,100多家国际学术和产业机构开展合作。
• Those collaborations produced more than 2,900 co-authored publications, and RCSI's field-weighted citation impact is twice the world average.这些合作产出2,900多篇合著论文，学院的领域权重引用影响力达到世界平均水平的两倍。
• In the Times Higher Education World University Ranking 2020, RCSI scored in the top decile internationally for citation impact.在2020年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，学院的引用影响力进入国际前十分位。
• Beaumont Hospital in Dublin has been the principal centre for medical training since the 1980s and provides clinical training for medical, nursing and physiotherapy students.自20世纪80年代以来，都柏林博蒙特医院一直是该校主要的医学培训中心，为医学、护理和物理治疗学生提供临床培训。
• Other affiliated teaching hospitals include Connolly Hospital, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, St Joseph's Hospital and University Hospital Waterford.其他附属教学医院包括康诺利医院、皇家维多利亚眼耳医院、圣约瑟夫医院和沃特福德大学医院。
• RCSI is both a medical school and a professional body with a role in the supervision of surgical training.学院既是医学院校，也是负责监督外科培训的专业团体。
• The Irish government granted independent degree-awarding status in 2010, which also allowed the college to confer honorary degrees.爱尔兰政府于2010年授予其独立学位颁发权，学院由此亦可授予荣誉学位。
• RCSI has awarded honorary doctorates to Mary McAleese in 2011, Abraham Verghese in 2014, Bennet Omalu in 2017, Siddhartha Mukherjee in 2018 and Richard Horton in 2020.学院先后向玛丽·麦卡利斯（2011）、亚伯拉罕·维尔盖塞（2014）、本内特·奥马卢（2017）、悉达多·穆克吉（2018）和理查德·霍顿（2020）授予荣誉博士学位。

Campus

• The main campus occupies buildings at St Stephen's Green and York Street in central Dublin, within walking distance of Trinity College Dublin and the city's main hospitals.主校区占据都柏林市中心圣斯蒂芬绿地与约克街的建筑群，步行可达都柏林圣三一学院和城中主要医院。
• The York Street building, completed in 1810, remained the college's primary location as of 2021.1810年竣工的约克街建筑截至2021年仍是学院的主要校址。
• The site was previously an abandoned Quaker burial ground, acquired in 1805 with additional land bought at Glover's Alley in 1809.该地块原为废弃的贵格会墓地，1805年购入，1809年又买下格洛弗巷的额外土地。
• The Duke of Bedford laid the foundation stone in 1806, and the building reached completion four years later.贝德福德公爵于1806年奠基，建筑四年后落成。
• The campus houses teaching laboratories and the schools of medicine, pharmacy and biomolecular sciences, physiotherapy, population health, dentistry, and nursing and midwifery.校区内设教学实验室以及医学、药学与生物分子科学、物理治疗、人口健康、牙科和护理与助产等学院。
• Beaumont Hospital serves as the principal teaching hospital, supported by Connolly, the Royal Victoria Eye and Ear and other affiliated hospitals.博蒙特医院是主要教学医院，康诺利医院、皇家维多利亚眼耳医院等附属医院提供支持。
• The RCSI Library and the e-publications@RCSI institutional repository support teaching, research and open access publishing.学院图书馆与机构知识库为教学、研究和开放获取出版提供支持。
• RCSI operates overseas campuses in Bahrain, Dubai and Penang, Malaysia, extending its health sciences programmes beyond Dublin.学院在巴林、迪拜和马来西亚槟城设有海外校区，将健康科学项目延伸至都柏林以外。
• The Dublin campus stands beside St Stephen's Green, a historic public park in the city centre that was reopened to the public in 1880.都柏林校区紧邻市中心的圣斯蒂芬绿地历史公园，该公园于1880年重新向公众开放。

Reputation

• In the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, RCSI is placed in the 901-1000 band.在2026年软科世界大学学术排名中，爱尔兰皇家外科医学院位列第901-1000名区间。
• RCSI does not appear in the 2027 QS World University Rankings.该校未进入2027年QS世界大学排名。
• In the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, RCSI is placed 267th in the world, tied with other institutions.在2027年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校位列第267名（并列）。
• RCSI is not included in the 2026-2027 U.S. News global universities list.该校未进入2026-2027年度U.S. News全球大学榜单。
• RCSI ranked first in the world for SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being in the Times Higher Education Impact Rankings 2025, which measure universities against the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.该校在2025年泰晤士高等教育影响力排名的「良好健康与福祉」单项中位列全球第一，该排名以联合国17项可持续发展目标衡量高校表现。
• Its field-weighted citation impact is twice the world average, and it scored in the top decile internationally in the THE World University Ranking 2020.其领域权重引用影响力为世界平均水平的两倍，并在2020年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中进入国际前十分位。
• RCSI-affiliated researchers produced more than 2,900 co-authored publications with over 2,100 institutions between 2014 and 2018.2014年至2018年间，学院相关研究人员与2,100多家机构合作产出2,900多篇合著论文。
• RCSI became Ireland's ninth university in December 2019 after a change in legislation and votes in both houses of the Oireachtas.2019年12月，经立法修改和议会两院表决，学院成为爱尔兰第九所大学。
• As a professional body, RCSI supervises surgical training and has awarded honorary fellowships to figures such as Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister and Nelson Mandela, a list that includes Nobel laureates, surgeons and heads of state.作为专业团体，学院监督外科培训，并向路易·巴斯德、约瑟夫·利斯特和纳尔逊·曼德拉等人物授予荣誉院士称号，名单涵盖诺贝尔奖得主、外科医生和国家元首。

Student life

• The RCSI Students' Union supports engagement and partnerships across the student body and organises events for students.学院学生会支持全体学生的参与和合作，并为学生组织活动。
• Students join clubs, societies and sports teams that operate alongside the academic schools.学生在各学院之外参加社团、学会和运动队。
• The RCSI Surgical Society is a long-running student organisation for those interested in surgery.学院外科医学会是面向外科兴趣学生的长期学生组织。
• The RCSI Student Medical Journal publishes student-authored medical writing and research produced at the Dublin campus.学院学生医学杂志发表都柏林校区学生撰写的医学文章和研究成果。
• Accommodation is available to students in Dublin, and the university helps students find housing near the campus.学校在都柏林为学生提供住宿，并帮助学生寻找校园附近的住房。
• More than 95 countries are represented in the student body, giving the Dublin campus a strongly international character.学生来自95个以上国家，使都柏林校区具有鲜明的国际化特色。
• Clinical students train at Beaumont Hospital and a network of affiliated teaching hospitals.临床阶段学生在博蒙特医院及附属教学医院网络中接受培训。
• Students can study at RCSI's campuses in Bahrain, Dubai and Penang, Malaysia through the university's international programmes.学生可通过学校的国际项目前往巴林、迪拜和马来西亚槟城校区学习。

Notable people

• Abraham Colles, professor of anatomy, was the first person to characterise the injury later known as Colles' fracture.解剖学教授亚伯拉罕·科尔斯首次描述了后来以他命名的科尔斯骨折。
• Emily Winifred Dickson became the first woman Fellow of any Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland or Great Britain in 1893.艾米莉·温妮弗雷德·迪克森于1893年成为爱尔兰或英国任何一所皇家外科医学院的首位女院士。
• Sir Ian Fraser, a president of the college, introduced the widespread use of penicillin into military hospitals during the Second World War.曾任院长的伊恩·弗雷泽爵士在第二次世界大战期间将青霉素大规模引入军队医院。
• Pat O'Callaghan, an Irish physician and athlete, won Olympic gold medals in the hammer throw in Amsterdam in 1928 and in Los Angeles in 1932.爱尔兰医生兼运动员帕特·奥卡拉汉在1928年阿姆斯特丹和1932年洛杉矶奥运会上两夺链球金牌。
• Karl Mullen captained the Ireland rugby union team that won the Grand Slam in 1948, Ireland's first such achievement.卡尔·马伦担任1948年夺得大满贯的爱尔兰橄榄球国家队队长，这是爱尔兰首次获此成就。
• Wan Azizah Wan Ismail won the MacNaughton-Jones Gold Medal in obstetrics and gynaecology in 1977 and later became Malaysia's first female deputy prime minister.旺阿兹莎于1977年获得妇产科麦克诺顿-琼斯金质奖章，后来成为马来西亚首位女性副总理。
• Sir William Wilde, a surgeon and author, was the father of the writer Oscar Wilde and a noted antiquarian and folklorist.外科医生兼作家威廉·王尔德爵士是作家奥斯卡·王尔德的父亲，也是著名的文物研究者和民俗学家。
• George Magoha served as cabinet secretary for education in Kenya and as vice chancellor of the University of Nairobi.乔治·马戈哈曾任肯尼亚教育部长和内罗毕大学校长。
• Nada Haffadh became Bahrain's first female minister when she was appointed Minister of Health in 2004, after a career as a physician.娜达·哈法德在行医多年后于2004年被任命为卫生部长，成为巴林首位女性部长。
• Baron Darzi of Denham, professor of surgery at Imperial College London, was formerly British Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Health.达齐男爵是伦敦帝国理工学院外科教授，曾任英国议会卫生事务次官。
• Thomas Joseph Crean, a surgeon captain, received the Victoria Cross and later reached the rank of major.外科上尉托马斯·约瑟夫·克林获授维多利亚十字勋章，后晋升少校。
• Honorary fellows have included Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, Harvey Cushing, the Mayo brothers, Mother Teresa and Nelson Mandela.荣誉院士包括路易·巴斯德、约瑟夫·利斯特、哈维·库欣、梅奥兄弟、特蕾莎修女和纳尔逊·曼德拉。