Radboud University

Radboud University is a public research university in Nijmegen in the Netherlands, established in 1923 as the Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen and renamed in 2004 after Saint Radboud of Utrecht, a medieval bishop.拉德伯德大学（Radboud University）是荷兰奈梅亨的一所公立研究型大学，1923 年以奈梅亨天主教大学之名创办，2004 年为纪念中世纪主教乌得勒支的圣拉德伯德而改用现名。

The university is organised into seven faculties, enrols more than 24,000 students in about one hundred study programmes, and is one of the leading broad research universities in the Netherlands.学校下设七个学院，注册学生逾 24,000 人，开设约一百个专业课程，是荷兰主要的综合性研究型大学之一。

Its green Heyendaal campus lies in the south of Nijmegen and hosts the Radboud University Medical Center, a large teaching hospital, and the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics.其绿意盎然的 Heyendaal 校区位于奈梅亨南部，校园内设有大型教学医院拉德伯德大学医学中心，以及马克斯·普朗克心理语言学研究所。

History

• Nijmegen's first university was founded in 1655 as the Kwartierlijke Academie van Nijmegen, where students developed their skills in the traditional fields of theology, medicine and law.奈梅亨的第一所大学创建于 1655 年，名为 Kwartierlijke Academie van Nijmegen，学生在其中修习神学、医学与法律这些传统学科。

• That academy was unable to recover from successive outbreaks of the plague and the French invasion of the Netherlands in 1672, and it ceased to operate around 1680.这所学院因接连爆发的瘟疫与 1672 年法国对荷兰的入侵而无法恢复元气，约在 1680 年终止办学。

• After several failed attempts to revive a university in the city, the present institution was established on 17 October 1923 under the name Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, the Catholic University of Nijmegen.在数次尝试复办大学未果之后，现今的学校于 1923 年 10 月 17 日以奈梅亨天主教大学（Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen）之名成立。

• It was founded by the Saint Radboud Foundation, a network of bishops that wished to emancipate Catholic intellectuals, at a time when Dutch Roman Catholics held almost no higher posts in government or science.学校由圣拉德伯德基金会创办，这是一个致力于提升天主教知识分子地位的主教网络；当时荷兰天主教徒在政府与科学界的高层职位中几乎毫无身影。

• The university opened with just 27 teachers and 189 students, a modest beginning that reflected the limited resources of its founders.学校开办之初仅有 27 名教师和 189 名学生，这一简陋的开端反映出创办方当时资源有限。

• From the outset every student automatically became part of the student corporation N.S.V. Carolus Magnus, set up to represent student needs and to organise an annual induction ceremony.建校之初，每名学生都自动成为学生社团 N.S.V. Carolus Magnus 的一员，该社团的宗旨是代表学生需求并筹办一年一度的入学典礼。

• Carolus Magnus modelled itself on the liberal elitist corporations of Leiden, Delft and Groningen, and in the 1920s it produced the Gentleman's Roland Society for men in 1928 and the Ladies Society Lumen Ducet in 1929.Carolus Magnus 效仿莱顿、代尔夫特与格罗宁根等地自由派精英社团的风格；1920 年代它先后于 1928 年成立男生社团 Gentleman's Roland Society、于 1929 年成立女生社团 Lumen Ducet。

• During the Second World War the university lost prominent members including the anti-Nazi professors Robert Regout and Titus Brandsma, who were deported to Dachau concentration camp and died there.二战期间，学校失去了一批杰出成员，其中包括反纳粹的教授 Robert Regout 与 Titus Brandsma，他们被押送至达豪集中营并死于其中。

• The German Sicherheitsdienst removed so-called anti-German works from the university library, and professors could be appointed only with the approval of the Nazi education authorities.德国安全事务局从学校图书馆中清除所谓“反德”书籍，教授任命也必须获得纳粹教育主管部门的批准。

• In March and April 1943 the Nazi occupiers demanded that all students in the Netherlands sign a declaration of loyalty or be sent to Germany as forced labourers.1943 年三、四月间，纳粹占领当局要求全荷兰学生签署效忠声明，否则将被送往德国充当强制劳工。

• The law student Jozef van Hövell led a campaign urging students not to sign, while the rector magnificus Bernard Hermesdorf refused to distribute the loyalty statements, the only Dutch rector to do so.法律系学生 Jozef van Hövell 发起运动呼吁学生拒绝签署；校长 Bernard Hermesdorf 则拒绝分发效忠声明，是全荷兰唯一这样做的校长。

• The university was therefore closed as of 11 April 1943, and when the Germans repeated their demand on 5 May 1943 only 83 students reported to them at Ommen.学校因此自 1943 年 4 月 11 日起关闭；当德方于 1943 年 5 月 5 日重申命令时，仅有 83 名学生前往 Ommen 报到。

• Most students went into hiding instead, and the university moderator Bernard van Ogtrop travelled the country visiting them, writing circulars and running a parcel service to sustain morale.多数学生转而转入地下躲避；学校学监 Bernard van Ogtrop 奔走全国探访这些学生，撰写通函并维持包裹投递服务，以维系士气。

• On 22 February 1944 the university was mistakenly bombed by American forces, destroying a large number of its teaching buildings.1944 年 2 月 22 日，学校遭美军误炸，大量教学楼被毁。

• When the war ended in 1945 classes resumed officially in March 1946, and the purchase of the Heyendaal estate soon gave the university its own green campus.1945 年战争结束后，课程于 1946 年 3 月正式恢复；学校其后购进 Heyendaal 庄园，从而拥有了自己的绿色校园。

• In 1951 the Faculty of Medical Sciences became the first faculty to move to Heyendaal, and by 1988 all the faculties had followed it there.1951 年，医学院成为首个迁往 Heyendaal 的学院；到 1988 年，各学院均已陆续迁入该校区。

• Student numbers rose steadily over the same period, climbing from 3,000 in 1960 to 15,000 in 1980.同期学生人数稳步上升，从 1960 年的 3,000 人增至 1980 年的 15,000 人。

• The years from 1960 to 1975 became known as the Age of Student Unrest, as the student body grew more diverse and left-leaning and demanded a more democratic student life.1960 至 1975 年被称为“学生动荡年代”，学生群体日趋多元与左倾，并要求更民主的校园生活。

• Carolus Magnus ceased to exist in its traditional form in 1966, after which students were free to choose which association they joined and which they did not.Carolus Magnus 于 1966 年以传统形式终止，此后学生可以自由选择加入或不加入某个社团。

• In the 1980s and 1990s new student associations appeared in Nijmegen, among them the evangelical Christian Navigators, the egalitarian Ovum Novum and the alternative Karpe Noktum.1980 至 1990 年代，奈梅亨出现了新的学生社团，包括福音派基督教社团 Navigators、主张平等的 Ovum Novum 以及另类学生社团 Karpe Noktum。

• In 2004 the university's executive council renamed the institution Radboud University Nijmegen after Saint Radboud of Utrecht, a medieval bishop, to appear less sectarian.2004 年，学校执行委员会将其更名为奈梅亨拉德伯德大学，以中世纪主教乌得勒支的圣拉德伯德命名，借以淡化宗派色彩。

• The bishops' conference revoked the designation Catholic from the university in November 2020, and in November 2022 the pope's Dicastery for Culture and Education ruled that the designation could be removed from the executive council but not from the university as a whole.2020 年 11 月，荷兰主教团撤销了该校的“天主教”认定；2022 年 11 月，教廷文化与教育部裁定，主教团可将该认定从执行委员会移除，但不能及于大学整体。

• In 2016 Radboud University joined the Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities to bolster the international exchange of academic knowledge.2016 年，拉德伯德大学加入欧洲研究型大学协会联盟，以加强国际学术知识的交流。

• In 2020 the university awarded 391 PhD degrees and published 8,396 scientific articles.2020 年，学校授予 391 个博士学位，并发表 8,396 篇科学论文。

Academics

• Radboud University is organised into seven faculties that offer programmes in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, medical sciences, law, management, philosophy, theology and religious studies.拉德伯德大学下设七个学院，课程涵盖人文、社会科学、自然科学、医学、法律、管理、哲学、神学与宗教研究等领域。

• They are the Faculty of Arts, the Faculty of Law, the Faculty of Medical Sciences, the Nijmegen School of Management, the Faculty of Philosophy Theology and Religious Studies, the Faculty of Science and the Faculty of Social Sciences.这七个学院分别是文学院、法学院、医学院、奈梅亨管理学院、哲学神学与宗教研究学院、理学院以及社会科学院。

• The university enrols more than 24,000 students in about one hundred study programmes, roughly fifty at bachelor's level and fifty at master's level.学校注册学生逾 24,000 人，开设约一百个专业课程，其中本科与硕士阶段各约五十个。

• As of April 2021 the university offered 34 international master's programmes taught in English, with several more taught in Dutch.截至 2021 年 4 月，学校提供 34 个以英语授课的国际硕士项目，另有若干以荷兰语授课的项目。

• Nine bachelor's programmes are taught fully in English, including American Studies, Artificial Intelligence, Biology, Chemistry, Computing Science and Molecular Life Sciences.共有九个本科专业完全以英语授课，包括美国研究、人工智能、生物学、化学、计算机科学与分子生命科学。

• Its English-language bachelor's programmes also include International Economics & Business, International Business Administration, English Language and Culture, and Philosophy Politics and Society.其英语授课的本科专业还包括国际经济与商业、国际工商管理、英语语言与文化，以及哲学、政治与社会。

• All master's programmes have been internationally accredited by the Accreditation Organization of the Netherlands and Flanders, known as NVAO.所有硕士课程均通过了荷兰与佛兰德认证机构（NVAO）的国际认证。

• Research is carried out in institutions including the Business & Law Research Centre and the Institute for Management Research.学校的研究依托多个机构开展，其中包括商业与法律研究中心以及管理研究所。

• The NanoLab Nijmegen supports nanoscale research, while the Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour studies the brain and cognition.NanoLab Nijmegen 支撑纳米尺度研究，而唐德斯脑、认知与行为研究所则专门研究大脑与认知。

• HFML-FELIX is the university's high-field magnet laboratory and free-electron laser facility.HFML-FELIX 是学校的高场磁体实验室与自由电子激光设施。

• Among the university's research institutes are the Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and the Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour.学校的研究机构包括拉德伯德分子生命科学研究所与唐德斯脑、认知与行为研究所。

• Ten Radboud researchers have won the Spinoza Prize, the highest Dutch science award, including Anne Cutler in 1999 and Henk Barendregt in 2002.已有十位拉德伯德的研究人员获得荷兰最高科学奖项斯宾诺莎奖，其中包括 1999 年的 Anne Cutler 与 2002 年的 Henk Barendregt。

• Further Spinoza laureates include Peter Hagoort (2005), Theo Rasing (2008), Heino Falcke (2011) and Mike Jetten and Ieke Moerdijk, both in 2012.其他斯宾诺莎奖得主还包括 Peter Hagoort（2005）、Theo Rasing（2008）、Heino Falcke（2011），以及同于 2012 年获奖的 Mike Jetten 与 Ieke Moerdijk。

• The list continues with Mikhail Katsnelson in 2013, Wilhelm Huck in 2016 and Klaas Landsman in 2022.这一名单还包括 2013 年的 Mikhail Katsnelson、2016 年的 Wilhelm Huck 与 2022 年的 Klaas Landsman。

• The Radboud Excellence Initiative attracts researchers from every academic field, offering fellowships to early-career scholars and professorships to more established ones.拉德伯德卓越计划旨在吸引各学科领域的研究人才，为职业早期学者提供研究员职位，为资深学者提供教授职位。

• The physics department is considered top tier, and the university contributed to producing the first picture of a black hole.该校物理系被视为顶尖水平，学校还为人类首张黑洞照片的拍摄作出了贡献。

• The Faculty of Law is nationally unrivaled in its research in business and law and retains strong ties with Bologna, Nice and Oxford.其法学院在商法与法律研究方面于荷兰国内首屈一指，并与博洛尼亚、尼斯与牛津等机构保持密切联系。

• The university's medical faculty is closely tied to the Radboud University Medical Center, a large teaching hospital located on the campus.学校医学院与校内的拉德伯德大学医学中心紧密相连，后者是校园内的一所大型教学医院。

• As indexed by OpenAlex, the university's research output totals 160,431 works that have attracted 19,522,950 citations.据 OpenAlex 统计，学校的研究产出共 160,431 项成果，累计被引用 19,522,950 次。

Campus

• Radboud University is noted for its green campus on the southern Heyendaal estate of Nijmegen, often listed among the most attractive campuses in the Netherlands.拉德伯德大学以其位于奈梅亨南部 Heyendaal 庄园的绿色校区著称，常被评为荷兰最具吸引力的校园之一。

• The campus houses all seven faculties and lies less than a fifteen-minute bike ride from the Nijmegen city centre, at about 51.84 degrees north and 5.85 degrees east.该校区的所有七个学院皆设于此，距奈梅亨市中心不到十五分钟自行车程，约在北纬 51.84 度、东经 5.85 度。

• It also hosts the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, a research centre devoted to the understanding of human language and communication.校园内还设有马克斯·普朗克心理语言学研究所，这是一所致力于理解人类语言与交流的研究机构。

• The Heyendaal castle stands prominently on the northwest side of the campus.Heyendaal 城堡醒目地矗立在校园的西北侧。

• The campus borders the Radboud University Medical Center, a large teaching hospital linked to the university's medical department.校园与拉德伯德大学医学中心相邻，后者是一所与学校医学系相连的大型教学医院。

• The Huygens Building, bordering the university hospital, houses the Faculty of Natural Sciences.与大学医院相邻的惠更斯楼是自然科学院的所在地。

• The Erasmus Tower at the south end of the campus houses the Faculty of Arts and the Philosophy, Theology and Religion faculty.位于校园南端的伊拉斯谟塔则容纳了文学院以及哲学、神学与宗教学院。

• Nearby stand the Elinor Ostrom building, home to the School of Management, and the modern Maria Montessori building of the Faculty of Social Sciences.附近还有埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆楼（管理学院所在地）以及社会科学院所在的现代化建筑玛丽亚·蒙台梭利楼。

• The monumental Jesuit Berchmanianum monastery in the campus's southern part houses general services and serves as the auditorium, while the Grotius building houses the Faculty of Law.校园南部具纪念意义的耶稣会 Berchmanianum 修院承担学校的综合服务并用作礼堂，而格劳秀斯楼则是法学院的所在地。

• A SPAR minimarket opened in the Erasmus building in 2017, and frequent shuttle buses link the campus to Nijmegen Central Station and the city centre.2017 年，伊拉斯谟楼内开设了一家 SPAR 便利超市；频繁的穿梭巴士将校园与奈梅亨中央车站及市中心连接起来。

Reputation

• Radboud University is placed 283rd in the QS World University Rankings 2027.拉德伯德大学在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 283。

• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 the university is placed in the 161st band, written as =161.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，学校位列第 161 档，记作 =161。

• In the U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking for 2026-2027 the university is placed 142nd.在 2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，学校位列第 142。

• The 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities places Radboud University in the 151-200 band.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名将拉德伯德大学列入第 151 至 200 名区间。

• On the subject side, its physics department is considered top tier and the Faculty of Law is nationally unrivaled in its research in business and law.在学科层面，其物理系被视为顶尖水平，法学院在商法与法律研究方面则于荷兰国内首屈一指。

• Earlier rankings include 115th in the 2018 ARWU, 204th in the 2018 QS ranking and 123rd in the 2018 Times Higher Education ranking.此前的排名包括 2018 年软科排名第 115、2018 年 QS 排名第 204，以及 2018 年泰晤士高等教育排名第 123。

• The university was placed 45th in the 2012 European research ranking and 106th in the 2023 U.S. News ranking.学校在 2012 年欧洲研究型大学排名中位列第 45，在 2023 年 US News 排名中位列第 106。

• Its research output, as indexed by OpenAlex, comprises 160,431 works with 19,522,950 citations.据 OpenAlex 统计，其研究产出共 160,431 项成果，累计被引用 19,522,950 次。

• Among its alumni the university counts one Nobel Prize laureate, Sir Konstantin Novoselov, 14 Spinoza Prize laureates, two Stevin Prize laureates and six prime ministers of the Netherlands.其校友中有 1 位诺贝尔奖得主康斯坦丁·诺沃肖洛夫、14 位斯宾诺莎奖得主、2 位斯蒂芬奖得主，以及 6 位荷兰首相。

Student life

• The university's motto is In Dei Nomine Feliciter, meaning happily in the name of God, and it appears beneath the university's coat of arms.学校的校训为「In Dei Nomine Feliciter」，意为“以神之名，欣然前行”，它出现在校徽的下方。

• The coat of arms was designed at the time of the university's founding by the goldsmith workshop of the Brom family in Utrecht.校徽是在建校之时由乌得勒支的 Brom 家族金匠工坊设计的。

• The dove in the upper part of the arms symbolises the Holy Spirit, and the shield is surmounted by the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire because Nijmegen was once home to Charlemagne.校徽上部的鸽子象征圣灵；盾徽上方饰以神圣罗马帝国皇冠，因为奈梅亨曾是查理曼的居所。

• Student society life began with the corporation N.S.V. Carolus Magnus and its student societies, the Gentleman's Roland Society of 1928 and Lumen Ducet of 1929.学生社团生活始于学生社团 N.S.V. Carolus Magnus 及其下属社团，即 1928 年成立的 Gentleman's Roland Society 与 1929 年成立的 Lumen Ducet。

• The Radboud Sports Centre, known as the RSC, welcomes students seven days a week and offers at least 80 different sports.拉德伯德体育中心（RSC）每周七天向学生开放，提供至少 80 种不同的运动项目。

• More than 35 student sports associations operate at the university, including Radboud Rangers for baseball, Obelix for rugby, Phocas for rowing and De Loefbijter for sailing.学校有超过 35 个学生体育协会，包括棒球的 Radboud Rangers、橄榄球的 Obelix、赛艇的 Phocas 以及帆船的 De Loefbijter。

• Study associations linked to individual degree programmes, such as Thalia for computing science, Excalibur for history and Synergy for business administration, are open to international students as well.与各专业相连的学习协会同样向国际学生开放，例如计算机科学的 Thalia、历史的 Excalibur 以及工商管理的 Synergy。

• The university's independent media platform Vox publishes daily material online and delivers free hard-copy magazines on campus several times a year.学校独立的媒体平台 Vox 每日在线发布内容，并每年数次在校园免费发放纸质杂志。

• Its student magazine, the Algemeen Nijmeegs Studentenblad, abbreviated ANS, appears seven times a year.其学生杂志《Algemeen Nijmeegs Studentenblad》（简称 ANS）每年出版七期。

Notable people

• Sir Konstantin Novoselov, a former PhD student and co-discoverer of graphene, shared the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics.康斯坦丁·诺沃肖洛夫爵士曾是该校博士生，因共同发现石墨烯而分享 2010 年诺贝尔物理学奖。

• Sir Andre Geim, a visiting professor at the university, also shared the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics.安德烈·海姆爵士曾任该校访问教授，同样分享了 2010 年诺贝尔物理学奖。

• Rob Jetten, who took an MSc in 2011, leads Democrats 66 and serves as Prime Minister of the Netherlands.2011 年获硕士学位的罗布·耶滕领导民主六六党，并担任荷兰首相。

• Dick Schoof, an MSc graduate of 1957, served as the 51st Prime Minister of the Netherlands.1957 年获硕士学位的迪克·斯霍夫曾任荷兰第 51 任首相。

• Dries van Agt, an LLM graduate of 1955, was the 46th Prime Minister of the Netherlands.1955 年获法学硕士学位的德里斯·范阿赫特曾任荷兰第 46 任首相。

• Louis Beel, Jo Cals and Victor Marijnen, graduates of 1928, 1940 and 1941 respectively, were the 36th, 41st and 39th Prime Ministers of the Netherlands.分别于 1928 年、1940 年与 1941 年毕业的贝尔、卡尔斯与马里宁，先后担任荷兰第 36、41 与 39 任首相。

• Frans Timmermans, an MA graduate of 1985, serves as First Vice-President of the European Commission.1985 年获硕士学位的弗兰斯·蒂默曼斯担任欧盟委员会第一副主席。

• Marijn Emmanuel Dekkers, a BSc graduate of 1979, was chief executive of Bayer from 2010 to 2016 and of Unilever from 2016 to 2019.1979 年获理学学士学位的马赖因·德克斯，曾于 2010 至 2016 年任拜耳首席执行官、2016 至 2019 年任联合利华首席执行官。

• Among the university's notable faculty are the cryptographer Joan Daemen, who developed AES and SHA-3, and the radio astronomer Heino Falcke, who contributed to the first image of a black hole.学校知名教师包括密码学家 Joan Daemen（AES 与 SHA-3 的开发者）以及射电天文学家 Heino Falcke（首张黑洞照片的参与者）。

• The biologist Frans de Waal, an MSc graduate of 1970, and the priest and writer Henri Nouwen, an MSc graduate of 1964, number among the university's alumni.1970 年获硕士学位的生物学家弗朗斯·德瓦尔，以及 1964 年获硕士学位的司铎与作家亨利·卢云，均位列该校校友之中。