Queen's University Belfast

Queen's University Belfast (Queen's or QUB) is a public research university in Belfast, Northern Ireland, chartered in 1845 as Queen's College, Belfast, one of the three colleges of the Queen's University of Ireland, and opened to students in 1849.贝尔法斯特女王大学（Queen's University Belfast，简称 Queen's 或 QUB）是英国北爱尔兰首府贝尔法斯特的公立研究型大学，1845 年作为爱尔兰女王大学三学院之一的贝尔法斯特女王学院获皇家特许状，1849 年正式开办。

It offers about 300 degree programmes across fifteen schools in three faculties, enrols 25,295 students including 17,970 undergraduates as of 2021/22, is a member of the Russell Group of research-intensive British universities, and places equal 174th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings.学校设有三个学院下辖十五个学系，开设约 300 个学位项目，2021/22 学年有学生 25295 人，其中本科生 17970 人，为英国罗素大学集团成员，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列第 174。

History

• The university traces its roots to the Belfast Academical Institution, founded in 1810 and surviving today as the Royal Belfast Academical Institution.学校的历史可追溯至 1810 年创立的贝尔法斯特学会（Belfast Academical Institution），该机构今存为皇家贝尔法斯特学院。

• On 30 December 1845 the present university was chartered as Queen's College, Belfast, alongside Queen's College, Cork and Queen's College, Galway, as part of the Queen's University of Ireland, founded to encourage higher education for Catholics and Presbyterians as a counterpart to the then almost exclusively Anglican Trinity College Dublin.1845 年 12 月 30 日，学校的前身获皇家特许状，定名贝尔法斯特女王学院，与柯克女王学院、戈尔韦女王学院同属爱尔兰女王大学，该校的创办意在为天主教徒与长老宗信徒提供高等教育，以抗衡当时几乎只招收圣公会信徒的都柏林圣三一学院。

• Queen Victoria paid an official visit to the new college in August 1849 with Prince Albert and signed its roll book, and the college formally opened in October that year with 23 professors and 195 students.1849 年 8 月，维多利亚女王携阿尔伯特亲王亲临新学院并签署名册，同年 10 月学院正式开办，时有 23 位教授与 195 名学生。

• Some of the earliest students sat examinations of the University of London rather than the new college.学校最早的一批学生中，有人参加的是伦敦大学的考试而非新学院的考试。

• The college's main building, the Lanyon Building, was designed by the English-born architect Sir Charles Lanyon, after whom it is named.学院主楼由英国出生的建筑师 Charles Lanyon 爵士设计，并以他的姓氏命名为兰扬楼（Lanyon Building）。

• The Queen's University of Ireland was replaced by the Royal University of Ireland in 1879, and the Irish Universities Act of 1908 then dissolved the Royal University and created two separate universities, the National University of Ireland and Queen's University Belfast.1879 年爱尔兰女王大学为皇家爱尔兰大学取代，1908 年《爱尔兰大学法案》解散皇家爱尔兰大学，分设爱尔兰国立大学与贝尔法斯特女王大学两所独立大学。

• Until 1950 the university was one of only eight British universities to hold a seat in the House of Commons at Westminster, and its graduates also elected four members to the Parliament of Northern Ireland from 1920 to 1968.1950 年以前，学校是英国仅有的八所在威斯敏斯特下议院拥有议席的大学之一，1920 至 1968 年间其毕业生还在北爱尔兰议会选举四名议员。

• The student body, founded partly to bridge the religious divide, saw Catholic undergraduates rise from 21.9 per cent in 1958/59 and 27.4 per cent in 1968/69 to 42.5 per cent in 1978/79, reaching 54 per cent by the late 1990s.这所部分为弥合宗教分野而设的大学，其本科生中天主教徒比例从 1958/59 年的 21.9%、1968/69 年的 27.4% 升至 1978/79 年的 42.5%，到 90 年代末达到 54%。

• On 20 June 2006 the university announced a 259 million pound investment programme covering facilities, recruitment and research, whose outcomes included a new library.2006 年 6 月 20 日，学校宣布投资 2.59 亿英镑用于设施、人才与研究，其成果之一是一座新图书馆。

• The McClay Library opened in July 2009 and was named in honour of Sir Allen McClay, a major benefactor of the university and of the library.麦克莱图书馆（McClay Library）于 2009 年 7 月开馆，以学校与图书馆的主要捐助人 Allen McClay 爵士命名。

• In June 2010 the university launched a 7.5 million pound Ansin international research hub with Seagate Technology.2010 年 6 月，学校与希捷科技（Seagate Technology）共同启动耗资 750 万英镑的安盛国际研究中心（Ansin international research hub）。

• By 2010 Queen's was one of the largest employers in Northern Ireland, with a workforce of 3,903, of whom 2,414 were academic, academic-related and research staff and 1,489 administrative employees.到 2010 年，学校已是北爱尔兰最大雇主之一，员工总数 3903 人，其中教学、教学辅助与研究人员 2414 人，行政人员 1489 人。

• The vice-chancellor, the effective head of the university, is Professor Sir Ian Greer, appointed in January 2018 after the sudden death of his predecessor Patrick Johnston.学校的实际负责人校长兼副校监由 Ian Greer 教授担任，他于 2018 年 1 月在前任 Patrick Johnston 突然离世后获委任。

• Earlier vice-chancellors have included Sir David Keir, Lord Ashby of Brandon, Michael Grant, Sir Arthur Vick, Sir Peter Froggatt, Sir Gordon Beveridge, Sir George Bain and Sir Peter Gregson.此前的校长包括 David Keir 爵士、Ashby of Brandon 勋爵、Michael Grant、Arthur Vick 爵士、Peter Froggatt 爵士、Gordon Beveridge 爵士、George Bain 爵士与 Peter Gregson 爵士。

• The chancellorship is largely ceremonial, and the present holder, Hillary Clinton, received an honorary doctorate from the university in October 2018 and was appointed its first female chancellor in January 2020, taking office in September 2021 after the post fell vacant on the death of Thomas Moran in August 2018.校监一职以礼仪性职能为主，现任校监希拉里·克林顿（Hillary Clinton）2018 年 10 月获学校荣誉博士学位，2020 年 1 月获委任为首位女性校监，并于 2021 年 9 月正式就任，此前该职因 Thomas Moran 2018 年 8 月去世而出缺。

• Previous chancellors have included the 9th Earl of Shaftesbury, Field Marshal Alan Brooke, Sir Tyrone Guthrie, Lord Ashby and United States senator George J. Mitchell.此前的校监包括第九代沙夫茨伯里伯爵、陆军元帅 Alan Brooke、Tyrone Guthrie 爵士、Ashby 勋爵与美国参议员 George J. Mitchell。

• In November 2025 the university announced that Dundalk Institute of Technology would become a constituent college from September 2026, giving Queen's a campus in the Republic of Ireland for the first time.2025 年 11 月，学校宣布邓多克理工学院（Dundalk Institute of Technology）将自 2026 年 9 月起成为其组成学院，女王大学由此首次在爱尔兰共和国拥有校区。

• In May 2026 it was further announced that the college would be renamed Dundalk University College and that Queen's would begin conferring awards on its students from 2027.2026 年 5 月校方进一步宣布，该学院将改名邓多克大学学院（Dundalk University College），女王大学自 2027 年起向其学生颁授学位。

Academics

• Academic life is organised into fifteen schools across three faculties, the Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, and the Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, each faculty acting as a primary management unit.学校的学术组织为三个学院下辖十五个学系，三个学院分别是艺术、人文与社会科学学院，工程与物理科学学院，以及医学、健康与生命科学学院，各学院为主要管理单位。

• The arts and humanities faculty houses the schools of arts, English and languages, of history, anthropology, philosophy and politics, of law, the Queen's Business School and the school of social sciences, education and social work.艺术与人文系下辖艺术、英语与语言学系，历史、人类学、哲学与政治学系，法学系，女王商学院（Queen's Business School），以及社会科学、教育与社会工作学系。

• The engineering and physical sciences faculty covers chemistry and chemical engineering, electronics, electrical engineering and computer science, mathematics and physics, mechanical and aerospace engineering, natural and built environment, and psychology.工程与物理科学学院涵盖化学与化学工程、电子电气工程与计算机科学、数学与物理、机械与航空航天工程、自然与建筑环境以及心理学等学系。

• The medicine, health and life sciences faculty runs the schools of biological sciences, of medicine, dentistry and biomedical sciences, of nursing and midwifery, and of pharmacy.医学、健康与生命科学学院下设生物科学、医学牙科与生物医学、护理与助产以及药学等学系。

• In 2021/22 the university employed 2,045 academic staff and 2,280 administrative staff, and enrolled 25,295 students, of whom 17,970 were undergraduates and 7,325 postgraduates.2021/22 学年学校有教学人员 2045 人、行政人员 2280 人，在校学生 25295 人，其中本科生 17970 人、研究生 7325 人。

• Research institutes include the Institute for Global Food Security, founded in 2013, the Senator George J. Mitchell Institute for Global Peace, Security and Justice of 2012, the Institute of Cognition and Culture of 2004 and the Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology of 2003.研究机构包括 2013 年设立的全球粮食安全研究所（Institute for Global Food Security）、2012 年设立的米切尔参议员全球和平安全与正义研究所（Senator George J. Mitchell Institute for Global Peace，Security and Justice）、2004 年设立的认知与文化研究所以及 2003 年设立的电子通信与信息技术研究所。

• The Institute of Irish Studies, established in 1955, was the first of its kind in the world, and the Institute of Professional Legal Studies, founded in 1977, runs a one-year postgraduate course for trainee barristers and solicitors.1955 年设立的爱尔兰研究研究所（Institute of Irish Studies）是全球同类机构的首创，1977 年设立的专业法律研究所（Institute of Professional Legal Studies）则为实习大律师与律师开设一年制研究生课程。

• Further centres include the Sonic Arts Research Centre of 2006, the William J. Clinton Leadership Institute of 2011, the Queen's University Centre for Economic History of 2012 and the Institute of Spatial and Environmental Planning of 2000.其他研究机构还有 2006 年设立的声乐艺术研究中心（Sonic Arts Research Centre）、2011 年设立的 William J. Clinton 领导力研究所、2012 年设立的女王大学经济史中心以及 2000 年设立的空间与环境规划研究所。

• Queen's is one of the few British universities offering the Juris Doctor, a degree above the master of laws that takes three to four years and requires a research thesis of 30,000 words.女王大学是英国少数开设法律博士（Juris Doctor）的大学，该学位高于法学硕士，学制三至四年，须提交一篇 3 万字的研究论文。

• The Law School has published the peer-reviewed Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly since 1936.法学院自 1936 年起出版同行评审期刊《北爱尔兰法律季刊》（Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly）。

• In the 2021 Research Excellence Framework the university ranked 37th in Britain by grade point average and 24th for research power.在 2021 年英国科研水平评估（REF）中，学校按平均学分列全英第 37，按科研实力列第 24。

• Its 2024-25 income was 493.8 million pounds, of which 112.4 million pounds came from research grants and contracts, against an expenditure of 511.5 million pounds.学校 2024–25 年度收入 4.938 亿英镑，其中科研经费与合同收入 1.124 亿英镑，支出 5.115 亿英镑。

• Admission is selective: in 2025 the university received 29,750 applications through UCAS and made 5,120 offers, an overall offer rate of 72.9 per cent, with about six applications per place.录取竞争激烈：2025 年学校通过 UCAS 收到 29750 份申请，发出 5120 份录取，总录取率 72.9%，每个名额约有六人竞争。

• The Department for Education designates Queen's a high-tariff institution, with entrants typically holding 140 to 142 UCAS points in their top three qualifications, the equivalent of AAB to AAA at A-Level, and 99.5 per cent of first-degree entrants come from state schools.英国教育部将学校定为高分数线高校，入学新生的前三项资格成绩通常在 140 至 142 个 UCAS 分之间，相当于 A-Level 的 AAB 至 AAA，且 99.5% 的本科学位新生来自公立学校。

• A joint venture with INTO University Partnerships, signed in 2009, runs an on-campus foundation year for international students.2009 年与 INTO University Partnerships 成立的合作为国际学生开设校内预科年。

• Since 2014 the School of Pharmacy has run the China Medical University Queen's University Belfast Joint College in Shenyang, and links with Shenzhen University, begun in 1998, prepare about 40 students a year for a Queen's degree.药学院自 2014 年起在沈阳与中国医科大学合办中国医科大学—贝尔法斯特女王大学联合学院（CQC），与深圳大学 1998 年开启的合作则每年输送约 40 名学生攻读女王大学学位。

• The university takes part in the Erasmus programme and the Utrecht Network, and holds exchange agreements with Fordham University in New York, the University of Newcastle and the University of Tasmania in Australia, and Queen's University in Kingston and the University of Alberta in Canada.学校参与伊拉斯谟计划（Erasmus）与乌得勒支网络（Utrecht Network），并与纽约的福坦莫大学（Fordham University）、澳大利亚的纽卡斯尔大学与塔斯马尼亚大学、加拿大的金斯敦女王大学与阿尔伯塔大学签有交换协议。

Campus

• The main campus stands on the southern fringe of Belfast city centre, and although the university calls it a single campus its buildings spread over public streets in South Belfast, chiefly University Road, University Square, University Street, Malone Road and Stranmillis Road.主校区位于贝尔法斯特市中心南缘，尽管学校称之为单一校区，其楼宇实际散布于南贝尔法斯特的公共街道两侧，主要有 University Road、University Square、University Street、Malone Road 与 Stranmillis Road。

• Other departments sit further afield, including in the Titanic Quarter and at Portaferry, and the campus adjoins the Botanic Gardens.另有学系散布在更远处，包括泰坦尼克区（Titanic Quarter）与波特费里（Portaferry），校园与植物园（Botanic Gardens）相邻。

• The Lanyon Building, designed by Sir Charles Lanyon, anchors the Lanyon Quadrangle, with Whitla Hall and the Students' Union building One Elmwood standing nearby on University Road.Charles Lanyon 爵士设计的兰扬楼是兰扬方庭（Lanyon Quadrangle）的核心，Whitla Hall 与学生会大楼 One Elmwood 亦坐落于 University Road 一带。

• The McClay Library, designed by Boston architects Shepley Bulfinch in association with Belfast firm Robinson Patterson Partnership, opened in July 2009.麦克莱图书馆由波士顿建筑事务所 Shepley Bulfinch 协同贝尔法斯特的 Robinson Patterson Partnership 设计，2009 年 7 月开馆。

• The university is also associated with two university colleges, St Mary's and Stranmillis, in the west and south-west of the city, which train teachers and offer liberal-arts degrees to some 2,250 students.学校另与两所大学学院合作，即位于城市西部与西南部的 St Mary's 与 Stranmillis，两院培养教师并开设文科学位课程，共有学生约 2250 人。

• Accommodation centres on the purpose-built Elms Village on Malone Road south of the main campus, a ten-minute walk from the university, supplemented by College Gardens, houses on Mount Charles and the city-centre Elms BT1 and BT2 residences.住宿以主校区以南 Malone Road 上的专建学生村女王艾尔姆斯村（Elms Village）为主，步行十分钟可达校园，另有 College Gardens、Mount Charles 沿线的住宅以及市中心的 Elms BT1 与 BT2 宿舍。

• A 2005/06 survey found 36 per cent of students in private accommodation within Belfast, 29 per cent living with parents or guardians, 20 per cent in private accommodation outside the city and 10 per cent in university-maintained halls.2005/06 年的调查显示，36% 的学生租住贝尔法斯特市内私宅，29% 与父母或监护人同住，20% 租住市外私宅，10% 入住学校自管宿舍。

• The Physical Education Centre is one of the largest sports centres in Ireland or the United Kingdom, and the Malone Playing Fields, two miles from campus, hold seventeen pitches along with the Mary Peters Track.体育教育中心（Physical Education Centre）是爱尔兰与英国最大的体育中心之一，距校区两英里的 Malone 运动场拥有 17 块球场，并设有 Mary Peters 跑道。

Reputation

• Queen's University Belfast places equal 174th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, equal 196th in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and in the 201-300 band of the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities.贝尔法斯特女王大学在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列第 174，在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中并列第 196，在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中处于 201 至 300 区间。

• The university was admitted to the Russell Group of research-intensive British universities in November 2006 and also belongs to the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the European University Association, Universities UK and Universities Ireland.学校 2006 年 11 月获准加入英国罗素大学集团，同时是英联邦大学协会、欧洲大学协会、英国大学联合会与爱尔兰大学联盟的成员。

• OpenAlex records 114,134 works by the university that have drawn 7,735,303 citations.OpenAlex 收录学校论文 114134 篇，被引 7735303 次。

• Queen's is associated with two Nobel laureates, the poet Seamus Heaney, who won the 1995 Nobel Prize in Literature, and the politician David Trimble, who shared the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize, and with one Turing Award laureate, the computer scientist Tony Hoare.学校与两位诺贝尔奖得主和一位图灵奖得主相关：诗人 Seamus Heaney 获 1995 年诺贝尔文学奖，政治家 David Trimble 分享 1998 年诺贝尔和平奖，计算机科学家 Tony Hoare 则获 1980 年图灵奖。

• The university has received the Queen's Anniversary Prize for Further and Higher Education several times, including for comprehensive cancer services in Northern Ireland and, in 2015, for engineering and technology.学校多次获颁女王周年高等教育纪念奖，其中包括因北爱尔兰综合癌症服务获奖，以及 2015 年因工程与技术领域获奖。

• Queen's holds a university-wide Athena SWAN Gold Award, the first university on the island of Ireland and only the second in the United Kingdom to do so.学校获全校级的雅典娜天鹅金奖（Athena SWAN Gold Award），是爱尔兰岛上首所、全英第二所获此奖项的大学。

• In the 2026 QS World University Rankings by Subject five Queen's subjects, namely pharmacy and pharmacology, nursing, English language and literature, performing arts and social policy and administration, stood inside the global top one hundred.在 2026 年 QS 世界大学学科排名中，学校有五个学科进入全球前 100，分别为药学与药理学、护理学、英语语言文学、表演艺术以及社会政策与行政。

• According to the university, it contributes 3.35 billion pounds a year to the economy, has launched more than 100 spin-out companies employing around 4,300 people, and ranks second in the United Kingdom for entrepreneurial impact.据校方数据，学校每年为经济贡献 33.5 亿英镑，已创办 100 多家衍生企业、雇用约 4300 人，在英国创业影响力方面排名第二。

Student life

• The university motto is the Latin phrase Pro tanto quid retribuamus, translated as For so much, what shall we give back, and the university colours are blue, green and black.学校校训为拉丁文「Pro tanto quid retribuamus」，意为「受赐如此，何以相报」（For so much，what shall we give back），学校代表色为蓝、绿、黑三色。

• All students are automatic members of the Students' Union on University Road, one of the largest single-campus unions in Ireland and the United Kingdom, administered by an elected Students' Representative Council and executive.全体学生自动成为 University Road 上学生会的会员，该学生会是爱尔兰与英国规模最大的单一校区学生会之一，由选举产生的学生代表委员会与执行机构管理。

• The new union building One Elmwood opened to students on 5 September 2022 and houses the union bar, the Mandela Hall concert venue, student guidance services and shops.新的学生会大楼 One Elmwood 于 2022 年 9 月 5 日对学生开放，内设酒吧、音乐会场地 Mandela Hall、学生辅导服务与商店。

• More than fifty sporting clubs and over one hundred non-sporting societies are recognised by the Students' Union Council, and the oldest of them, the Literary and Scientific Society, was founded in 1850 by Edwin Lawrence Godkin.学生会认可五十多个体育俱乐部与一百多个非体育社团，其中最古老的文学与科学学会（Literary and Scientific Society）由 Edwin Lawrence Godkin 创立于 1850 年。

• The Dragonslayers Gaming Society hosts Q-Con each June, one of the largest games conventions in Ireland, and Queen's is one of only twenty British universities with a local AIESEC chapter.Dragonslayers 游戏学会每年 6 月举办爱尔兰规模最大的游戏展会之一 Q-Con，学校还是全英仅二十所设有 AIESEC 分支的大学之一。

• The university hosted the annual Belfast Festival at Queen's from 1961 until it announced in March 2015 that it would no longer fund the festival.学校自 1961 年起主办一年一度的贝尔法斯特女王大学艺术节，2015 年 3 月宣布不再资助该艺术节。

• Cultural venues include the Queen's Film Theatre, described as Northern Ireland's leading independent cinema, the Brian Friel Theatre and the Naughton Gallery, which won the Times Higher Award for Excellence and Innovation in the Arts in 2008.校内文化场所包括被誉为北爱尔兰最重要独立影院的 Queen's Film Theatre、Brian Friel 剧院以及 2008 年获泰晤士高等教育艺术卓越与创新奖的 Naughton 美术馆。

• The International Students Society stages the annual Culture Shock showcase at Whitla Hall, one of the largest displays of international culture in Northern Ireland.国际学生会在 Whitla Hall 举办年度「Culture Shock」汇演，是北爱尔兰规模最大的国际文化展示活动之一。

• Queen's teams compete in both British Universities and Colleges Sport and Student Sport Ireland, and its football club plays in the NIFL Championship, while its Gaelic footballers have won the Sigerson Cup eight times.学校代表队同时参加英国大学体育协会（BUCS）与爱尔兰学生体育组织（Student Sport Ireland）的赛事，其足球队征战北爱尔兰足球冠军联赛（NIFL Championship），盖尔足球队则八次夺得 Sigerson 杯。

Notable people

• Sir Charles Lanyon, the English-born architect who designed the university's main building and gave it his name, was among the founding figures of Queen's College, Belfast.英国出生的建筑师 Charles Lanyon 爵士设计了学校主楼并以其命名，是贝尔法斯特女王学院的创校期人物之一。

• Edwin Lawrence Godkin, founder of the Literary and Scientific Society in 1850, went on to become a leading American journalist and editor of The Nation.1850 年创立文学与科学学会的 Edwin Lawrence Godkin 后来成为美国著名记者与《The Nation》主编。

• Seamus Heaney, who studied at Queen's, won the 1995 Nobel Prize in Literature and is among the most widely read poets of the twentieth century.曾在学校求学的 Seamus Heaney 获 1995 年诺贝尔文学奖，是 20 世纪读者面最广的诗人之一。

• David Trimble, a Queen's graduate and former leader of the Ulster Unionist Party, served as First Minister of Northern Ireland and shared the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize for his part in the Good Friday negotiations.女王大学毕业生、北爱尔兰统一党前领袖 David Trimble 曾任北爱尔兰首席部长，并因在北爱和平协议谈判中的作用分享 1998 年诺贝尔和平奖。

• Tony Hoare, professor of computing at Queen's in the 1960s and 1970s, received the 1980 Turing Award for his contributions to the definition and design of programming languages.20 世纪 60 至 70 年代在女王大学任教的计算机教授 Tony Hoare 因在编程语言定义与设计上的贡献获 1980 年图灵奖。

• Mary McAleese, an alumna of the university, served as the eighth President of Ireland from 1997 to 2011.学校校友 Mary McAleese 于 1997 至 2011 年出任爱尔兰第八任总统。

• Sir Robert Hart, a graduate of Queen's College, Belfast, served as Inspector-General of China's Imperial Maritime Customs for almost fifty years.贝尔法斯特女王学院毕业生 Robert Hart 爵士曾任中国海关总税务司近五十年。

• Sir James Russell, another graduate with a career in East Asia, was Chief Justice of Hong Kong.另一位在东亚履职的校友 James Russell 爵士曾任香港首席按察司。

• Physicist John Stewart Bell, an alumnus of the university, formulated Bell's theorem, a foundational result in quantum mechanics.校友物理学家 John Stewart Bell 提出量子力学奠基性成果贝尔定理（Bell's theorem）。

• Frank Pantridge, who studied medicine at Queen's, pioneered the portable defibrillator and transformed emergency cardiac care.曾在学校学医的 Frank Pantridge 开创了便携式除颤器，变革了心脏急救。

• Actors Liam Neeson and Stephen Rea, poet Paul Muldoon and broadcaster Nick Ross are among the university's alumni in the arts and media.演员 Liam Neeson 与 Stephen Rea、诗人 Paul Muldoon 以及广播人 Nick Ross 是学校艺术与传媒界校友的代表。

• Elizabeth Gould Bell, an early graduate in medicine, was the first woman to practise medicine in Ulster.早期医学毕业生 Elizabeth Gould Bell 是在阿尔斯特行医的第一位女性。