Protist

Protist is a quarterly journal of protistology published by Elsevier, founded in 1998 as the continuation of Archiv für Protistenkunde, with a 2025 Journal Impact Factor of 1.9 and a rank of 139 among 167 titles in microbiology.《原生生物》（Protist）是 Elsevier 出版的原生生物学季刊，1998 年接续前身（Archiv für Protistenkunde）而立，2025 年影响因子为 1.9，在微生物学类目 167 种刊物中列第 139 位。

Coverage keeps to single-celled eukaryotes outside the plant, animal and fungal kingdoms, so ciliates and dinoflagellates share the volume with euglenids, diatoms, foraminifera, amoebae and the parasites that live inside them.范围限于植物、动物与真菌三界之外的单细胞真核生物，纤毛虫与甲藻同眼虫、硅藻共处一册，有孔虫与各类变形虫也在其中。

The 2025 record counts 1861 citations to the title, 32 citable items in the year and a cited half-life of 12.3 years, while 36.25 per cent of recent output appeared under gold open access.2025 年统计全刊获引 1861 次，当年可引用论文 32 篇，引用半衰期 12.3 年，近作里 36.25% 以金色开放获取方式发表。

Scope

• The stated remit is an international forum for substantial and novel findings in any area of protist research, and acceptance rests on scientific excellence, significance and interest for readers beyond one subfield.刊物自述为原生生物各方向实质性新结果提供一个国际论坛，录用与否取决于科学质量、意义以及能否引起单一分支之外读者的兴趣。
• Molecular work runs through every volume, from functional complementation and gene silencing in Paramecium to the DNA polymerases recovered from single-cell transcriptomes of free-living euglenozoans.分子研究贯穿各卷，从草履虫的功能互补与基因沉默，到自由生活眼虫类单细胞转录组里找出的 DNA 聚合酶。
• Cell and developmental biology arrive as morphogenesis during conjugation, cortical inheritance and the division of cells that rebuild their own skeletal surface each generation.细胞与发育生物学以接合过程中的形态发生、皮层遗传与细胞分裂的形式出现，每一代都要把自身的骨架重造一遍。
• Biochemistry and metabolism are covered through wax ester synthesis in Euglena gracilis, the sterol profiles of peridinin-containing dinoflagellates and the anaerobiosis that rewrites mitochondrial function in the same euglenid.生物化学与代谢研究见于纤细眼虫的蜡酯合成、含多甲藻黄素的甲藻甾醇组成，以及同一种眼虫在厌氧条件下对线粒体功能的改写。
• Systematics and phylogeny hold a large share of the pages, with three-genome ultraconserved element trees for cryptophytes and multigene analyses that place orphan lineages on the eukaryotic tree.系统学与系统发育占了版面的相当部分，隐藻的三基因组超保守元件树与多基因分析，把一些孤立支系安放到真核生物树上。
• Ecology is reported at both ends of scale, from protist diversity in biological soil crusts under experimental nitrogen deposition to phytoplankton assemblages surveyed around the Marquesas Islands.生态学工作在尺度两端都有，从模拟氮沉降下生物土壤结皮的原生生物多样性，到马克萨斯群岛一带的浮游植物群落调查。
• Taxonomy keeps a firm place, and a new species still arrives with morphology, infraciliature and a molecular marker in one paper, as with Calciopappus curvus among the prymnesiophytes or Nannostelium ampullaceum among the protosteloid amoebae.分类学地位稳固，新种仍以形态、纤毛下纤列与分子标记同篇提交的面目出现，颗石藻类的 Calciopappus curvus 与原柱变形虫类的 Nannostelium ampullaceum 都是近年的例子。
• Ultrastructure carries weight in a field where the flagellar apparatus and the extrusome remain primary evidence, and thin sections are read as arguments rather than decoration.超微结构在这一行里分量很重，鞭毛器与射出体仍是首要证据，超薄切片的图像被当作论证来读，不只是插图。
• Parasitic protists stand on the same footing as free-living ones, with surveys of Blastocystis in Tibetan sheep, work on host specificity in Iodamoeba and descriptions of parasitic euglenids.寄生类群与自由生活类群同等对待，青藏高原绵羊的芽囊原虫调查、碘阿米巴的宿主专一性以及寄生眼虫的新种描述都在其中。
• Genomics has moved to the centre, through long-read assemblies of mitochondrial genomes, chloroplast genomes compared across desmid strains and single-cell work that names an endosymbiont inside a euglenid host.基因组学已移到中心位置，线粒体基因组的长读长组装、鼓藻各品系间叶绿体基因组的比较，以及凭单细胞数据辨认眼虫体内共生体的研究，都属于这一路。
• DNA barcoding and metabarcoding are everyday tools here, applied to autotrophic euglenid biodiversity, to nivicolous myxomycetes that cannot be told apart by eye and to assays that separate live cells from dead ones.DNA 条形码与宏条形码是常用手段，用于自养眼虫的多样性、肉眼难分的雪生黏菌，也用于把活细胞与死细胞区分开的检测。
• Symbiosis and mixotrophy draw papers on kleptoplastidy, on the green Noctiluca that carries its own algae and on the metabolic bargain struck between a ciliate and its bacterial partner.共生与混合营养引来盗质体的论文，也引来对绿色夜光藻携带藻类、以及纤毛虫与细菌伙伴之间代谢交易的研究。
• Harmful algal blooms, algicidal bacteria and the domestication of fastidious lineages form an applied strand, since a Karenia bloom or an Alteromonas strain matters to fisheries as much as to taxonomy.有害藻华、溶藻细菌与难培养类群的驯化构成应用一脉，长沟凯伦藻的藻华或某株 Alteromonas 对渔业的意义与对分类学的意义相当。
• Article types are few and fixed, namely original papers, review and mini-review articles, and short historical perspectives that recover a figure or an episode from the discipline's past.稿件类型简明而固定，包括原创论文、综述与小型综述，以及从学科旧事里打捞人物或事件的历史短文。

History

• The present title began with volume 149 in February 1998, one volume after Archiv für Protistenkunde closed at volume 148 in December 1997, so the numbering runs on without a break.现名自 1998 年 2 月的第 149 卷开始，前身（Archiv für Protistenkunde）已于 1997 年 12 月的第 148 卷收尾，卷号接着往下走，中间没有断口。
• That predecessor came from Gustav Fischer in Jena, its first volume dated 1902, and German served as its main language for much of the twentieth century, with English taking over in the final decades.前身由耶拿的 Gustav Fischer 印行，首卷标 1902 年，二十世纪大半段时间里以德文为主，最后几十年英文渐占上风。
• John O. Corliss wrote the opening piece of volume 149, asking what outlets the protists actually had and what a new journal could add, a question that set the tone for a title with few competitors.John O. Corliss 为第 149 卷写了开篇文字，追问原生生物究竟有哪些发表去处，新刊又能补上什么，这一问定下了一份少有同行的刊物的基调。^[1]
• The imprint shifted in stages. The National Library of Medicine records G. Fischer of Jena for the 1998 volume, Urban & Fischer followed, and the title now sits with Elsevier, which took the list over.出版印记分几步挪动。美国国家医学图书馆把 1998 年卷记在耶拿的 G. Fischer 名下，其后是 Urban & Fischer，如今随整套刊物归入 Elsevier。
• DOI prefixes trace the same handover from another side, with 10.1016 on the 1998 and 1999 volumes, 10.1078 from 2000 to 2004, and a return to 10.1016 with the article-level stem j.protis from 2005.DOI 前缀从另一侧画出同一条交接线，1998 年与 1999 年卷在 10.1016 之下，2000 年至 2004 年改用 10.1078，2005 年起回到 10.1016，并带上 j.protis 这一文章级词干。
• MEDLINE took the journal from volume 150, number 1 of March 1999, a year after the relaunch, and Index Medicus was listed alongside it.美国国家医学图书馆自 1999 年 3 月的第 150 卷第 1 期起把它收进 MEDLINE，Index Medicus 也一并列入。
• Four numbers made the 1998 volume, dated February, May, September and December, and that quarterly rhythm carried on into the 2000s.1998 年卷由四期组成，上半年两期标 2 月与 5 月，下半年两期标 9 月和 12 月，这一季刊节奏一直延续到 2000 年代。
• Six issues a year then served volumes 163 to 175, a pace that doubled the number of covers without doubling the annual crop of papers.此后第 163 卷至第 175 卷按每年六期编排，封面多了一倍，一年的论文总量并没有随之翻番。
• In 2025 the format changed again. The year was split into four volumes, 176 to 179, dated March, June, September and December, and article numbers replaced the page ranges.2025 年形制再改。一年分成四卷，第 176 卷到第 179 卷分别落在 3 月与 6 月、9 月和 12 月，文章编号取代了页码区间。
• Output stays small and steady. Crossref holds roughly 1400 records for the title, between 28 and 62 items in any year of the past decade, and the 2025 count of citable papers is 32.载文量小而平稳。Crossref 里该刊记录约 1400 条，近十年每年落在 28 至 62 篇之间，2025 年的可引用论文为 32 篇。
• Impact factors for the last five years read 2.566 in 2021, 2.656 in 2022, 1.9 in 2023, 2.1 in 2024 and 1.9 in 2025, against a five-year figure of 2.2.近五年影响因子依次为 2021 年 2.566，2022 年 2.656，2023 年 1.9，2024 年 2.1，2025 年 1.9，五年影响因子为 2.2。
• The 2025 placement is 139th of 167 in MICROBIOLOGY, a Q4 position, with a Journal Citation Indicator of 0.5 and a percentile of 17.1.2025 年的位置是微生物学类目 167 种中的第 139 位，属 Q4，期刊引文指标 0.5，百分位 17.1。
• A cited half-life of 12.3 years is long for a title this size, which means half the citations a volume draws go to work published before 2013, and part of that sits in the predecessor's run.12.3 年的引用半衰期对这样规模的刊物算长，意味着一卷所获引用的半数投向 2013 年以前的工作，其中一部分落在前身的旧卷里。
• Access changed by degrees. A subscription title for most of its life, the journal now publishes 36.25 per cent of its recent output under gold open access and keeps the rest behind the paywall.获取方式逐年松动。刊物大半生是订阅制，如今近期论文里有 36.25% 走金色开放获取，其余仍留在付费墙内。
• Special issues mark the community's losses and anniversaries, among them a 2023 collection for Bland J. Finlay introduced by Genoveva F. Esteban and Stephen C. Maberly.特辑用来标记学界的丧失与纪念日，2023 年一辑献给 Bland J. Finlay，由 Genoveva F. Esteban 与 Stephen C. Maberly 作导读。^[2]

Editors

• Michael Melkonian of the University of Cologne holds the editorship, and the Botanical Institute on Zülpicher Strasse where he works is also the address printed for the editorial office.主编为科隆大学的 Michael Melkonian，他所在的植物研究所位于 Zülpicher 街，这个地址同时也是刊物对外公布的编辑部地址。
• His own research on flagellar apparatus and the scaly green flagellates sits close to the journal's core, and genera described from that laboratory have appeared in its pages for decades.他的研究集中在鞭毛器与具鳞绿色鞭毛藻，贴近刊物的核心，出自该实验室的几个属在版面上已出现多年。
• Around twenty-five editors work under him, among them Sandra L. Baldauf, Chris Bowler, Graham Clark, Genoveva F. Esteban, Joseph Frankel, Michael Ginger, Laure Guillou, Mona Hoppenrath, Christopher Howe, Wiebe Kooistra, Julius Lukeš, Dmitri Maslov, Eric Meyer, David Moreira, Hervé Philippe, Saul Purton, Frank Seeber, Alastair Simpson, Ulrich Sommer, Ross Waller, George B. Witman and Alexandra Worden.其下有二十五位左右的编辑，名单里既有 Sandra L. Baldauf 与 Chris Bowler，也有 Julius Lukeš 和 Alastair Simpson。
• The board is spread over Germany, Britain, France, Sweden, the Czech Republic, Canada and the United States, a spread that matters for a field whose cultures and type material sit in laboratories on several continents.编委分布在德国、英国与法国，瑞典和捷克亦有，北美几位照看另一端，培养物与模式材料散在几大洲，这样的摊开有其必要。
• Manuscripts enter through Elsevier's Editorial Manager, where a handling editor takes the file, chooses referees outside the board as well as inside it, and carries the decision to a close.稿件经 Elsevier 的 Editorial Manager 递交，由分派编辑接手，向编委内外约请评审，再把处理意见带到收尾。
• Reviews and mini-reviews are listed apart from original papers, and the shorter form exists so that a synthesis of a narrow topic need not be inflated to full review length.综述与小型综述单列，后一种体裁的存在，让窄题目的综括不必撑到整篇综述的篇幅。
• The short historical perspective is the journal's own genre, used for work such as a 2024 account of the protists drawn in Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur.历史短文是这份刊物自己的体裁，2024 年一篇讨论 Ernst Haeckel 图谱（Kunstformen der Natur）中各类原生生物的论文即属此类。
• Guest-edited collections appear when a subfield has something to mark, and the Finlay issue of 2023 was assembled by two people who had worked with him.某个分支有事情要标记时，刊物会请客座编辑编一辑，2023 年的 Finlay 特辑就由两位曾与他共事的人编成。
• What the editors ask for is legibility beyond the speciality, which is why a new species description is expected to carry ecology or sequence data alongside the morphology.编辑要的是超出专业圈的可见度，新种描述因此被要求连同生态或序列数据一并交出，不只给形态。
• A manuscript on bacteria, fungi or a purely applied problem is turned back before review, since the remit stops at protists and the editors hold that line.细菌、真菌或纯应用问题的稿件在送审前就被退回，范围止于原生生物，编辑守住这条线。