Princeton University

Princeton University, located in Princeton, New Jersey, is a private research university and Ivy League member founded in 1746 by four Presbyterian ministers expelled from their own church for their beliefs普林斯顿大学（Princeton University），坐落于美国新泽西州普林斯顿市，是一所私立研究型大学与常春藤联盟成员，1746 年由四位因信仰问题被逐出教会的长老会牧师创办。

Princeton is noted for the academic intensity of its undergraduate education, with roughly five students per faculty member. According to OpenAlex, its scholars have published more than 210000 works drawing over 27 million citations普林斯顿以本科生的学术密度著称，学生与专任教师之比约为五比一；据 OpenAlex 统计，累计发表学术成果逾 21 万篇、总被引超 2700 万次。

History

• On 22 October 1746 the acting governor of New Jersey, John Hamilton, issued the charter establishing the College of New Jersey1746 年 10 月 22 日新泽西代理总督约翰·汉密尔顿签发特许状，设立新泽西学院。

• The four founders were New Light Presbyterians expelled from the Synod of Pennsylvania in 1741, and the college opened in 1747 in the parsonage of Jonathan Dickinson in Elizabeth四位新光派长老会牧师因 1741 年被宾夕法尼亚宗教会议除教而另立学校，1747 年在伊丽莎白的乔纳森·迪金森牧师住宅开课。

• The college moved to Newark in 1747, and in 1748 Governor Jonathan Belcher issued a second charter and donated his library of 474 volumes1747 年迁至纽瓦克，1748 年总督乔纳森·贝尔彻颁发第二份特许状并捐赠 474 卷藏书。

• The college moved to Princeton in 1756, its principal building Nassau Hall being named for William III of Orange-Nassau1756 年迁至今址普林斯顿，主体建筑拿骚堂以奥兰治-拿骚的威廉三世命名。

• The Battle of Princeton was fought here in 1776, and in 1783 the Continental Congress met for four months in Nassau Hall, making Princeton the capital of the United States for a season1776 年普林斯顿战役在此发生，1783 年大陆会议在拿骚堂开会四个月，普林斯顿一度成为美国首都。

• In 1896 the college was formally reorganized as a university and took the name Princeton University1896 年学校正式改组为大学并定名普林斯顿大学。

• The Graduate School was formally established in 1900, and in 1905 Woodrow Wilson introduced the preceptorial system that reshaped undergraduate teaching1900 年研究生院正式设立，1905 年在伍德罗·威尔逊任内推行导师制本科教学改革。

• The university admitted its first female graduate student in 1961 and opened its undergraduate college to women in 19691961 年招收首位女性研究生，1969 年本科开始招收女生。

• The residential college system was formally established in 1982 under William G. Bowen, giving undergraduates a college to live in as well as study with1982 年在威廉·鲍恩任内正式建立住宿学院制度，本科生按学院生活。

• In the later twentieth century the university added graduate programmes in Woodrow Wilson Studies, international and public affairs and public policy, turning its centre of gravity toward public affairs20 世纪后期学校设立伍德罗·威尔逊学、国际公共事务学与公共政策等研究生项目，学术重心转向公共事务。

• The university manages the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory for the US Department of Energy and hosts the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory学校管理美国能源部普林斯顿等离子体物理实验室，并承办美国国家海洋和大气管理局的地球物理流体动力学实验室。

• Christopher L. Eisgruber became the twentieth president in July 2013, having served a decade as provost beforehand2013 年 7 月克里斯托弗·艾斯格鲁伯出任第 20 任校长，此前曾任常务副校长十年。

Academics

• The university fields undergraduate divisions in engineering, physics, mathematics, the natural sciences, the humanities and the social sciences, and is especially distinguished in engineering and public policy学校设工程、物理、数学、自然科学、人文、社会科学等本科院系与多个研究生部，工程与公共政策尤负盛名。

• Graduate teaching continues the preceptorial tradition of the college, with the Institute for Advanced Study and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at its centre研究生教育以导师制与本科教学一脉相承，普林斯顿研究院与 Woodrow·威尔逊公共与国际事务学院是核心机构。

• According to the university's common data set it enrolled 9137 students in the autumn of 2024, of whom 5813 were undergraduates and 3324 graduate students, including 2631 doctoral candidates据学校通用数据集，2024 年秋季在校学生 9137 人，其中本科生 5813 人、研究生 3324 人，博士生 2631 人。

• The university employs 1128 faculty members alongside some 7300 other staff学校共有专任教师 1128 人，另有雇员约 7300 人。

• About 1200 undergraduates are admitted each year at among the lowest acceptance rates in the country, and residential eating clubs remain a distinctive tradition of junior and senior years本科生每年招收约 1200 人，录取率长期处于美国高校最低区间，宿舍式社团「饮食俱乐部」是高年级学生的生活传统。

• More than 500 student organisations cover academics, athletics, the arts and public service, with The Princeton Daily serving as the campus newspaper学生组织逾 500 个，涵盖学术、体育、文艺与公共服务，校园报纸为《普林斯顿日报》。

• The university library is among the smallest in the Ivy League but is distinguished by the selectivity of its collections普林斯顿大学图书馆是常春藤盟校中藏书规模最小者之一，以馆藏精挑见长。

• Its endowment of some 36.4 billion dollars ranks among the largest in the United States and supports extensive long-horizon fundamental research捐赠基金约 364 亿美元，为全美第八大高校基金，支撑了大量长周期基础研究。

• Its traditions in theoretical physics, mathematics and political economy underpin both the National Academy of Sciences' institute in Princeton and the plasma physics laboratory普林斯顿在理论物理、数学与政治经济学方面的传统，为美国国家科学院与普林斯顿等离子体物理实验室所依托。

• As of 2025 the university counts 81 affiliated Nobel laureates and 16 Fields medallists, the highest of any American university截至 2025 年，关联的诺贝尔奖得主达 81 位、菲尔兹奖得主 16 位，为美国高校之最。

• Its alumni include two US presidents, twelve Supreme Court justices and eight secretaries of state, together with 217 Rhodes Scholars校友中出过两位美国总统、十二位最高法院大法官与八位国务卿，并有 217 位 Rhodes 学者。

Campus

• The campus covers about 600 acres in Princeton, New Jersey, its quadrangled layout around Nassau Hall a legacy of early American planning校园位于新泽西州普林斯顿市，占地约 600 英亩，以拿骚堂为中心的方格路网是早期规划的遗产。

• Nassau Hall, designed by John McArthur Jr. Hoppin, was completed in 1766 and is among the oldest college buildings standing in the United States拿骚堂由建筑师约翰·麦勒里·霍普金斯设计，1766 年落成，是美国现存最古老的大学建筑之一。

• The collegiate gothic buildings of William Stone Downing and the colonial revival chapel of Brooks McCormick form the core of the campus学校由威廉·斯通·唐宁设计的新哥特式建筑群与布鲁克斯·麦考密克的殖民复兴式礼堂构成校园主体。

• The university library, the Princeton Art Museum and the Lewis Thomas Laboratory are the principal facilities, the museum noted for both its collection and its building普林斯顿大学图书馆、佩恩艺术博物馆与刘易斯实验室是校内的主要设施，其中艺术博物馆以藏品与建筑本身著称。

• The campus is largely walkable and bicycle friendly, with shuttle buses linking the town, the railway station and the residential colleges校园以步行与自行车为主，另有摆渡车连接市区、火车站与住宿学院密集区域。

• A university farm and one of the world's supercomputers sit within the campus, serving teaching and large-scale scientific computation respectively普林斯顿大学农场与一台超级计算机位于校内，分别用于教学研究与大规模科学计算。

Reputation

• It ranks 27th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, joint 3rd in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and 6th in the 2026 ARWU ranking2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列全球第 27，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名第 3，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名第 6。^[1]

• Its teaching reputation has long placed it among the world's best in the Times Higher Education ranking, where it ranked second for the teaching pillar in 2027普林斯顿的教学声誉在泰晤士排名中长期位居全球前列，2027 年教学分项列全球第 2。

• It sits among the top ten institutions in the 2026-27 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking在 2026—2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，普林斯顿位居全球前十之列。

• With the graduate school of the National Academy of Sciences on its doorstep, Princeton occupies a distinctive place in the American academic landscape普林斯顿与美国国家科学院的研究生院比邻而居，科学与人文学科的学术生态在美国高校中独树一帜。

• Known for severe admissions selectivity, Ivy League resources and an unusually integrated undergraduate education, it has long ranked among the most sought-after institutions学校以严格的录取、常春藤盟校的资源与高度整合的本科教育著称，在择校评价中长期保持顶尖声誉。

Student life

• The motto, Under God's Power She Flourishes, appears on the shield together with words drawn from the Old and New Testaments校训为拉丁文「在上帝庇佑下欣欣向荣」，校徽为盾形，其上另铸有旧约与新约的字样。

• Undergraduates belong to residential colleges and take small seminar courses under the preceptorial system本科生按住宿学院生活，每位学生属于一所学院，并在导师制下修读小班研讨课。

• The junior and senior eating clubs, known for their elaborate selection rituals and distinctive house traditions, are the university's most recognisable student institutions高年级学生的「饮食俱乐部」以选拔仪式与各具特色的社团传统闻名，是普林斯顿最具辨识度的学生文化。

• Athletics centres on crew and American football, and the Nassau Cup and the Black Bear game rank among the most closely watched contests in the country校园体育以赛艇与美式橄榄球为核心，拿骚杯与黑熊球赛是全美最受关注的校际比赛之一。

Notable people

• Jonathan Dickinson, the founder whose parsonage housed the first classes, was a Presbyterian minister and a founder of one of the earliest lending libraries in colonial North America创校人乔纳森·迪金森是长老会牧师，也是北美殖民地最早向公众开放的图书馆创办人之一。

• Princeton produced early scholars such as Jonathan Dickinson and the revolutionary-era figures who shaped the founding of the United States普林斯顿孕育了安德鲁·怀特、约翰·迪金森等早期学者，以及美国独立战争与建国时期的多位政界人物。

• Einstein, von Neumann and other towering figures in science have been associated with the university, whose mathematics and theoretical physics traditions are particularly deep校内与校友中有爱因斯坦、冯·诺依曼等科学巨匠，数学与理论物理传统尤为深厚。

• Prominent alumni include President Woodrow Wilson, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and leading figures in finance and public affairs知名校友包括伍德罗·威尔逊总统、诺贝尔和平奖得主，以及金融家与公共事务领域的众多领军人物。