Politehnica University of Bucharest

Politehnica University of Bucharest is a technical university in Bucharest, Romania, whose lineage begins with the higher technical school founded in 1818, and it is the largest engineering university in the country.布加勒斯特理工大学是罗马尼亚布加勒斯特的一所技术大学，其源流可追溯至 1818 年创办的高等技术学校，是罗马尼亚规模最大的工科大学。

It is organised into fifteen faculties that award engineering degrees, teaches mainly in Romanian and offers programmes in English, French and German at its Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages.该校设有十五个授予工程学位的学院，主要以罗马尼亚语授课，其外国语工程学院则开设英语、法语与德语课程。

The university occupies the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027 and the 1601-1800 band of the 2027 Times Higher Education ranking, ranks 1,136th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News global table, and does not enter the 2026 ShanghaiRanking main list.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中处于 1201-1400 区间，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名列于 1601-1800 区间，在 2026-2027 年度《美国新闻与世界报道》全球大学榜单中位列第 1,136 名，但未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜。

History

• In 1817 and 1818 the Transylvanian-born teacher Gheorghe Lazăr pressed the Wallachian nobility to support a modern technical school, and on 24 March 1818 a princely edict of Ioan Caragea created the Technical Superior School for Surveying Engineers.1817 至 1818 年，出身特兰西瓦尼亚的教师格奥尔基·拉扎尔游说瓦拉几亚贵族支持一所现代技术学校，1818 年 3 月 24 日，扬·卡拉贾亲王的敕令设立了测量工程师高等技术学校。
• The school was attached to the Academic School for Philosophy and Mathematical Sciences of the Saint Sava Princely Academy, which gave the new engineering course a home inside Bucharest's oldest educational institution.这所学校附设于圣萨瓦亲王学院的哲学与数理学院之下，使新的工程课程得以栖身于布加勒斯特最古老的教育机构之中。
• The Organic Regulation of 1832 reorganised the school into four cycles, and its exact sciences section taught applied trigonometry, geodesy, mineralogy, descriptive geometry and the principles of roads and bridges.1832 年的《组织规程》把学校重组为四个学段，其精确科学部教授应用三角学、大地测量、矿物学、画法几何以及道路与桥梁原理。
• Graduates were bound either to serve the state for three years or to repay the grant they had received, a condition that tied the school directly to Wallachia's public works programme.毕业生必须为国家服务三年，否则须偿还所领补助，这一条件把学校与瓦拉几亚的公共工程计划直接绑在一起。
• Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza issued a decree in 1862 that defined the ranks, salaries, admission and promotion of civil engineers, preparing the ground for a dedicated engineering school.1862 年，亚历山德鲁·扬·库扎大公颁布敕令，规定土木工程师的等级、薪俸、录用与晋升，为专门的工程学校铺路。
• The 1864 charter grouped bridges, roads, mines and architecture in one institution, which is why architecture remained a Politehnica faculty until it was separated into its own university in 1948.1864 年的建制把桥梁、道路、矿业与建筑集中于同一所学校，因此建筑学一直留在理工学院之内，直到 1948 年才分离为独立大学。
• On 1 October 1864 the School of Bridges and Roads, Mines and Architecture was established, and it became the institutional ancestor of the modern university.1864 年 10 月 1 日，桥梁、道路、矿业与建筑学校成立，成为这所现代大学的机构前身。
• Gheorghe Duca, the school's dominant figure in the late nineteenth century, audited its courses in 1887 and imposed strict discipline on attendance and results, removing weak students quickly.格奥尔基·杜卡是十九世纪末该校最具影响力的人物，他在 1887 年审查课程，并对出勤与成绩实行严格纪律，成绩不佳的学生会被迅速淘汰。
• An admission examination was introduced in 1881, and Duca recruited professors such as Spiru Haret for algebra, Constantin Istrati for physics and Anghel Saligny for bridges and roads.1881 年学校引入入学考试，杜卡延揽斯皮鲁·哈雷特讲授代数、康斯坦丁·伊斯特拉蒂讲授物理、安格尔·萨利尼讲授桥梁与道路。
• In 1890 a commission was set up to issue equivalency certificates for engineering diplomas obtained abroad, which turned the national school into a reference point for evaluating technical studies.1890 年，学校设立委员会为国外取得的工程文凭出具同等学历证明，使这所国立学校成为评估技术教育的参照标准。
• Nicolae Vasilescu-Karpen became director in February 1920 and persuaded the government to create polytechnic schools on the university model, transforming the national school into the Polytechnic School of Bucharest.尼古拉·瓦西列斯库-卡尔彭于 1920 年 2 月出任校长，说服政府按大学模式创办理工学院，把国立学校改组为布加勒斯特理工学院。
• The new polytechnic opened with four sections, namely civil engineering, mechanics and electricity, mines and metallurgy, and an industrial section, and it awarded engineering diplomas under the Ministry of Public Works.新成立的理工学院设土木工程、机械与电气、矿业与冶金以及工业四个学部，在公共工程部管辖下授予工程文凭。
• Decree 3799 of 1938 restricted higher education to universities, polytechnic schools and academies of commercial studies, and it folded the academies of agriculture and architecture into Bucharest Politehnica.1938 年第 3799 号敕令规定高等教育只能由大学、理工学院与商业学院提供，并把农业学院与建筑学院并入布加勒斯特理工学院。
• The institution was renamed Politehnica Carol II of Bucharest, moved from the Ministry of Public Works to the Ministry of National Education, and its sections became faculties led by deans.该校更名为布加勒斯特卡罗尔二世理工学院，从公共工程部转归国民教育部管辖，原有学部改为由院长领导的学院。
• Between 1938 and 1948 Politehnica of Bucharest had seven faculties, covering civil engineering, electro-mechanics, metallurgy, industrial chemistry, silviculture, agronomy and architecture.1938 年至 1948 年间，布加勒斯特理工学院共有七个学院，涵盖土木工程、机电、冶金、工业化学、造林、农学与建筑。
• The reform of 1948 spun off several faculties into separate institutions, among them the Technical University of Civil Engineering, the Ion Mincu University of Architecture and the University of Agronomic Sciences.1948 年的改革把若干学院分离为独立院校，其中包括布加勒斯特土木工程技术大学、扬·明库建筑与城市规划大学以及农业科学大学。
• Other descendants of the 1948 split include the forestry faculty at Transilvania University of Brașov, the mining school at Petroșani and the oil and gas university at Ploiești.1948 年分立的其它分支还包括布拉索夫特兰西瓦尼亚大学的林学院、彼得罗沙尼的矿业学校以及普洛耶什蒂的石油与天然气大学。
• From 1948 to 1992 the institution was the Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest, and for part of that period it carried the name of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, the communist leader.1948 年至 1992 年间，该校称布加勒斯特综合理工学院，其中一段时期冠以共产党领导人格奥尔基·乔治乌-德治之名。
• A Senate resolution of November 1992 changed the name to University Politehnica of Bucharest and restored the academic self-government that the institute had lost under central planning.1992 年 11 月，校务委员会决议将校名改为布加勒斯特理工大学，并恢复了该院在计划经济时期失去的学术自治。
• In 2005 a student team from the university placed tenth at the 29th ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest held at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, its best result in that competition.2005 年，该校学生队伍在上海交通大学举行的第 29 届 ACM 国际大学生程序设计竞赛中获得第十名，是该校在该赛事中的最佳成绩。
• The university now styles itself the National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, a name that reflects the widening of its teaching beyond classical engineering.该校如今自称布加勒斯特国立科学技术理工大学，这一名称反映其教学已超出传统工程学科的范围。

Academics

• Fifteen faculties award engineering degrees, covering electrical engineering, power engineering, automation and computer science, electronics and telecommunications, mechanical engineering and mechatronics, and industrial engineering and robotics.十五个学院授予工程学位，涵盖电气工程、能源工程、自动化与计算机科学、电子与电信、机械工程与机电一体化以及工业工程与机器人。
• The remaining faculties cover biotechnical systems, transport, aerospace, materials science, chemical engineering and biotechnologies, applied sciences, medical engineering and business management.其余学院涵盖生物技术系统、交通运输、航空航天、材料科学、化学工程与生物技术、应用科学、医学工程以及创业与工商管理。
• The Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages teaches in English, French and German, and it attracts students from Moldova, the Balkans and the Middle East as well as Romanians returning from abroad.外国语工程学院以英语、法语与德语授课，吸引来自摩尔多瓦、巴尔干与中东的学生，以及从国外归来的罗马尼亚人。
• All faculties teach engineering, and the first year follows a largely common curriculum in mathematics, physics, mechanics and computer programming before students specialise.所有学院都以工程为专业，一年级采用大体统一的数学、物理、力学与程序设计课程，之后才进入专业分流。
• Each faculty sets its own admission criteria and keeps its own staff, but teaching facilities, laboratories and student services are shared across the campus.各学院自行制定招生标准并拥有独立师资，但教学设施、实验室与学生服务由全校共享。
• Teaching is conducted mainly in Romanian, and the university's doctoral schools follow the Bologna model with supervised research, public defences and European credit transfer.教学主要以罗马尼亚语进行，该校博士学院遵循博洛尼亚模式，实行导师指导、公开答辩与欧洲学分互认。
• The university belongs to the European University Association and its council for doctoral education, to CESAER and to the Romanian Alliance of Technical Universities.该校是欧洲大学协会及其博士教育理事会、欧洲科学与技术大学会议以及罗马尼亚技术大学联盟的成员。
• Research is concentrated in energy, information technology, robotics, aerospace, materials and chemical engineering, with laboratories funded by national programmes and European structural funds.研究集中于能源、信息技术、机器人、航空航天、材料与化学工程，实验室由国家计划与欧洲结构基金资助。
• The Faculty of Automation and Computer Science has produced a long line of software engineers, and its alumni are visible in Romania's information technology industry and in universities abroad.自动化与计算机科学学院培养了大批软件工程师，其校友活跃于罗马尼亚信息技术产业与海外高校。
• The Faculty of Aerospace Engineering continues a tradition that produced Henri Coandă and Elie Carafoli, and it works with Romanian aeronautics firms and with the national space programme.航空航天工程学院延续了亨里·科安达与埃利耶·卡拉福利的传统，与罗马尼亚航空企业及国家太空计划合作。
• The Faculty of Power Engineering trains engineers for the national grid, hydropower plants and nuclear station at Cernavodă, and it runs high-voltage and protection laboratories.能源工程学院为国家电网、水电站与切尔纳沃德核电站培养工程师，并设有高压与继电保护实验室。
• The Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies descends from the industrial chemistry section of the interwar polytechnic and works on catalysis, polymers and environmental technology.化学工程与生物技术学院源自两次大战之间理工学院的工业化学部，研究领域包括催化、聚合物与环境技术。
• The Faculty of Medical Engineering, created to serve Romania's medical device and imaging sector, combines biomedical instrumentation with clinical practice in Bucharest hospitals.医学工程学院为罗马尼亚的医疗器械与影像行业服务，把生物医学仪器与布加勒斯特医院的临床实践结合起来。
• The university library holds technical collections, standards and periodicals, and it provides access to international databases for engineering and applied science.校图书馆收藏技术类书刊、标准与期刊，并为师生提供工程与应用科学国际数据库的检索权限。
• Doctoral studies are organised in schools attached to the faculties, and the university awards the titles of doctor of engineering and doctor of science after public defence.博士教育由附设于各学院的博士学院组织，学生在公开答辩后获授工学博士或理学博士学位。
• The Faculty of Applied Sciences teaches mathematics, physics, chemistry and computer science to students from every faculty, and it maintains the core science laboratories on which the engineering departments depend.应用科学学院为各学院学生讲授数学、物理、化学与计算机科学，并维护工程各系所依赖的基础科学实验室。
• Continuing education and professional retraining courses serve engineers in industry, and the university offers master's programmes taught in cooperation with companies in the automotive and energy sectors.继续教育与专业进修课程服务产业界工程师，校方并与汽车与能源企业合作开设硕士项目。
• International cooperation includes Erasmus exchanges, joint research with European technical universities and participation in doctoral networks funded by the European Union.国际合作包括伊拉斯谟交换、与欧洲技术大学的联合研究，以及参与欧盟资助的博士生网络。

Campus

• The main campus lies in the western part of Bucharest along Splaiul Independenței, where the rectorate, the library and most faculties stand within a compact riverside precinct.主校区位于布加勒斯特西部独立大街沿线，校长办公楼、图书馆与大多数学院集中在紧凑的河畔园区内。
• The Politehnica metro station and several tram and bus lines connect the campus with the city centre, and students cross the Dâmbovița river to reach the teaching buildings.理工学院地铁站与多条电车、公交线路把校区与市中心相连，学生须跨过登博维察河才能抵达教学楼。
• Teaching buildings are grouped by faculty, and several retain the interwar architecture of the Polytechnic School, with later blocks added for laboratories and computer halls.教学楼按学院分组布置，数栋仍保留两次大战之间理工学院的建筑风格，其后又为实验室与计算机房增建了新楼。
• Student dormitories stand in the Regie complex next to the campus, one of the largest student quarters in Bucharest, with canteens, shops and sports fields.学生宿舍位于校园旁的雷吉学生城，这是布加勒斯特最大的学生聚居区之一，配有食堂、商店与运动场。
• The university sports complex includes halls for team sports, a swimming pool and outdoor courts, and it hosts inter-faculty championships through the academic year.校内体育设施包括团队运动馆、游泳池与室外球场，学年中举办各学院之间的锦标赛。
• Laboratories range from high-voltage testing and turbomachinery halls to robotics cells and clean rooms for materials research, many of them shared between faculties.实验室从高压试验厅与涡轮机械大厅，到机器人工作站与材料研究洁净室，许多设施由各学院共用。
• The campus is close to Bucharest's Botanical Garden and to the Cotroceni district, and its riverside setting gives students green space within walking distance of the lecture halls.校区邻近布加勒斯特植物园与科特罗切尼区，河畔环境让学生步行即可抵达绿地。
• A branch campus in the city and regional teaching centres extend the university's reach, but the Bucharest precinct remains the seat of its administration and research.市内分校与地区教学中心扩展了学校的影响范围，但布加勒斯特主校区仍是其行政与研究的所在地。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the university occupies the 1201-1400 band, and the 2027 Times Higher Education ranking places it in the 1601-1800 band.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校处于 1201-1400 区间，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名则把它列在 1601-1800 区间。
• The 2026-2027 U.S. News global universities table ranks it 1,136th, while the 2026 ShanghaiRanking Academic Ranking of World Universities main list does not include it.2026-2027 年度《美国新闻与世界报道》全球大学榜单将其列为第 1,136 名，而 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜未收录该校。
• Scimago data for 2007 to 2011 placed the university 546th in the world, 15th in its region and first in Romania by number of publications.Scimago 2007 至 2011 年的数据曾把该校列为世界第 546 名、地区第 15 名，并以其论文数量居罗马尼亚首位。
• OpenAlex indexes about 41,967 works by university researchers and roughly 1,116,824 citations, the largest research output of any Romanian technical university.OpenAlex 收录该校研究人员约 41,967 项成果，累计被引约 1,116,824 次，在罗马尼亚各工科院校之中产出规模最大。
• It is the largest technical university in Romania by enrolment and staff, and it describes itself as an advanced research and education university under the national classification.按学生与教职规模计算，该校是罗马尼亚最大的技术大学，并在国家分类中被列为高级研究与教育大学。
• Its membership of CESAER, the association of European universities of science and technology, places it among the continent's leading technical institutions in policy discussions.作为欧洲科学与技术大学会议成员，该校得以在欧洲技术院校的政策讨论中占有一席之地。
• Graduates dominate the Romanian engineering professions, and the university's alumni are prominent in energy, aerospace, software and academic research at home and abroad.该校毕业生在罗马尼亚工程界占据主导地位，其校友在国内外能源、航空航天、软件与学术研究领域表现突出。
• The university's programming teams have competed internationally since the 1990s, and its 2005 tenth place at the ACM contest remains a reference point for Romanian computer science education.该校程序设计队自 1990 年代以来参加国际竞赛，2005 年在 ACM 竞赛中取得的第十名至今仍是罗马尼亚计算机教育的重要参照。
• Employers in the automotive, energy and information technology sectors recruit heavily from the university, and many graduates take up positions in Germany, France and the Netherlands.汽车、能源与信息技术产业的雇主大量从该校招聘，许多毕业生前往德国、法国与荷兰任职。
• Its reputation is regional rather than global, and the university's strategy stresses European partnerships and doctoral training rather than movement in the global rankings.该校声誉更多是区域性的而非全球性的，其发展战略强调欧洲合作与博士培养，而非在全球排名中攀升。

Student life

• Students live mostly in the Regie complex, where dormitory blocks house tens of thousands of students from several Bucharest universities and give the area its distinctive social life.学生多住在雷吉学生城，那里的宿舍楼容纳来自布加勒斯特数所大学的数万名学生，赋予该区独特的社会生活气息。
• Each faculty has a student association that runs orientation, tutor schemes and parties, and the university-wide student union represents students before the senate.各学院设有学生协会，负责迎新、学业辅导与联谊活动，全校性学生会则在校务委员会前代表学生发声。
• Faculty weeks and the annual engineering students' festival bring concerts, competitions and open laboratories to the campus, with alumni returning to recruit.学院周与一年一度的工科学生节为校园带来音乐会、竞赛与开放实验室，校友也会回校招聘。
• Sports teams compete in university championships in football, basketball, handball, rowing and chess, and the rowing club uses the Dâmbovița and nearby lakes.校队在足球、篮球、手球、赛艇与国际象棋等项目参加大学锦标赛，赛艇队则利用登博维察河与附近湖泊训练。
• Student societies range from robotics and programming clubs to formula student racing teams, which design and build cars for international competitions.学生社团从机器人社与程序设计社，到设计并制造赛车参加国际比赛的大学生方程式车队。
• The canteens in Regie serve subsidised meals, and the nearby Obor and Piața Muncii markets supply cheaper food for students who cook in shared kitchens.雷吉的食堂提供补贴餐食，附近的奥博尔与劳动广场市场则为在公共厨房做饭的学生提供更便宜的食材。
• Bucharest's theatres, concert halls and clubs lie a metro ride away, and students take advantage of the capital's cultural life alongside their engineering timetable.布加勒斯特的剧院、音乐厅与俱乐部只有几站地铁之遥，学生在工程课程之余也能享受首都的文化生活。
• Graduation is marked by faculty ceremonies in the university halls, and the annual job fair in the spring brings employers onto campus before the final examinations.毕业以在大学礼堂举行的各学院典礼为标志，每年春季的招聘会则在期末考试前把雇主带进校园。

Notable people

• Henri Coandă, the aeronautics pioneer who built the Coandă-1910 experimental aircraft, studied at the school that became Politehnica and gave his name to the effect he described.航空先驱亨里·科安达制造了科安达-1910 试验飞机，曾在这所后来成为理工大学的学校求学，他描述的效应也以他命名。
• Elie Carafoli, an aerodynamics specialist who designed Romanian aircraft, was a professor at the polytechnic and a member of the Romanian Academy.埃利耶·卡拉福利是空气动力学专家，设计过多型罗马尼亚飞机，曾任理工学院教授与罗马尼亚科学院院士。
• Nicolae Vasilescu-Karpen, director from 1920, invented the Karpen pile and reshaped the school into a polytechnic with four engineering sections.尼古拉·瓦西列斯库-卡尔彭自 1920 年起担任校长，发明了卡尔彭电池，并把学校改组为设四个工程学部的理工学院。
• Mihai Drăgănescu, an electronics engineer, served as president of the Romanian Academy from 1990 to 1994 and wrote on information society and consciousness.米哈伊·德拉格内斯库是电子工程师，1990 至 1994 年出任罗马尼亚科学院院长，并著有关于信息社会与意识的论述。
• Costin Nenițescu, an organic chemist, taught at the polytechnic and is remembered for his textbook and for research on nitrogen compounds.科斯廷·内尼采斯库是有机化学家，曾在理工学院任教，以其教科书与含氮化合物研究为人所记。
• Simion Stoilow and Gabriel Sudan, two mathematicians associated with the university, made contributions to complex analysis and to the early theory of computation.西蒙·斯托伊洛夫与加布里埃尔·苏丹是与该大学有关联的两位数学家，分别在复分析与早期计算理论方面作出贡献。
• Andrei Alexandrescu, a programmer and author, studied at the university and became known for his work on C++ and for co-developing the D programming language.安德烈·亚历山德雷斯库是程序员与作家，曾在该校就读，因 C++ 方面的著作以及参与开发 D 语言而知名。
• Dumitru Prunariu, the first Romanian in space, graduated in aerospace engineering and flew on the Soyuz 40 mission in 1981.杜米特鲁·普鲁纳留是首位进入太空的罗马尼亚人，毕业于航空航天工程专业，1981 年执行联盟 40 号任务。
• Ion Iliescu, president of Romania in the 1990s, studied at the Polytechnic Institute and later led the country through its post-communist transition.扬·伊利埃斯库曾在综合理工学院就读，1990 年代出任罗马尼亚总统，带领国家经历后共产主义转型。
• Petre Roman, prime minister after 1989, trained as an engineer at the polytechnic and taught hydraulics there before entering politics.彼得·罗曼在 1989 年后出任总理，曾在理工学院接受工程教育，并在从政前教授水力学。
• Liviu Librescu, an aeronautics engineer who died protecting students during the Virginia Tech shooting in 2007, had studied aeronautical engineering at the university before emigrating.利维乌·利布雷斯库是航空工程师，2007 年弗吉尼亚理工大学枪击案中为保护学生而遇难，生前曾在该校学习航空工程，之后移居海外。
• Mihail Roco, an engineer who chaired the U.S. National Science and Technology Council subcommittee on nanotechnology, is among the university's most cited alumni in science policy.米哈伊尔·罗科是工程师，曾主持美国国家科学技术委员会纳米技术小组，是该校在科技政策领域最具影响力的校友之一。