Politecnico di Torino

The Polytechnic University of Turin (Politecnico di Torino), abbreviated as PoliTo, is a public technical university in Turin, Italy, and the oldest university of engineering and architecture in the country, offering courses in engineering, architecture, urban planning and industrial design都灵理工大学（Politecnico di Torino，简称 PoliTo）是意大利都灵的公立理工大学，也是该国历史最悠久的工程与建筑类大学，开设工程、建筑、城市规划与工业设计等课程

Founded in 1859 as a school for engineers and reorganised as the Regio Politecnico di Torino in 1906, it teaches around 35,000 students and employs some 1,800 staff across eleven departments, and in the QS World University Rankings 2027 it is placed 206th in the world该校 1859 年以工程师学校的形态创办，1906 年改组为皇家都灵理工大学，现设 11 个学部、在校生约 35,000 人、教职工约 1,800 人，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列世界第 206 位

History

• The present institution was preceded by the Scuola di Applicazione per gli Ingegneri, a technical school for engineers founded in 1859 in application of the Casati law, and by the Museo Industriale Italiano, an Italian industry museum founded in 1862 by the Ministry of Agriculture, Trade and Industry今校的前身是 1859 年依据卡萨蒂法案创办的「工程师应用学校」，以及 1862 年由农业、贸易与工业部设立的「意大利工业博物馆」。
• The Casati law of 1859, which reorganised public instruction in the Kingdom of Sardinia, provided the legal basis for the school for engineers1859 年的卡萨蒂法案重整了撒丁王国的公共教育，为这所工程师学校提供了法律依据。
• Valentino Castle was transferred to the Technical School for Engineers in 1859 and today forms part of the polytechnic as the seat of the Faculty of Architecture瓦伦蒂诺城堡于 1859 年移交工程师应用学校，如今作为建筑学院所在地成为理工大学的一部分。
• Since its foundation in 1859 and its reorganisation in 1906, the polytechnic has for about 150 years been a promoter of Italian industrial renewal and of scientific and social development自 1859 年创办、1906 年改组以来，这所理工大学约 150 年间一直是意大利工业更新以及科学与社会发展的推动者。
• From 1859 the technical school was attached to the university, and this led to technical studies being accepted as part of higher education in Italy自 1859 年起，这所技术学校附属于大学，从而使技术学科在意大利被承认为高等教育的一部分。
• In those years Italy was entering a new industrial era, which the Industry Museum was to address more directly through famous scholars and researchers working on new subjects such as electrotechnics and building science当时意大利正步入新的工业时代，工业博物馆通过从事电工技术与建筑科学等新领域的知名学者与研究人员更直接地回应这一时代需求。
• The new school was deeply concerned with the needs of Italian society and its development prospects新学校深切关注意大利社会的需要及其发展前景。
• The Regio Politecnico di Torino, the Royal Polytechnic University of Turin, was established in 19061906 年，皇家都灵理工大学（Regio Politecnico di Torino）成立。
• Like other well known polytechnic schools in the early years of the twentieth century, the Regio Politecnico di Torino had several goals and began contacting the European academic world and Italian industry与二十世纪初其他知名理工院校一样，皇家都灵理工大学立有多重目标，并开始与欧洲学术界及意大利工业界建立联系。
• Aeronautics began as a subject, and students from all over Italy came to Turin, finding in the new laboratories built for subjects ranging from chemistry to architecture a positive and helpful atmosphere航空学作为一门学科由此起步，全意大利的学生汇聚都灵，在为化学、建筑等各学科新建的实验室中感受到积极而有益的学术氛围。
• Subsequently the Faculty of Engineering was transferred to a building, now vanished, that occupied the entire block between via Giolitti, via San Francesco da Paola, via Cavour and via Accademia Albertina, on the present Valdo Fusi square此后，工程学院迁入一座今已不存的建筑，该楼占据了乔利蒂街、圣弗朗切斯科达帕奥拉街、加富尔街与阿尔贝蒂娜学院街之间的整个街区，即如今的瓦尔多·富西广场。
• During the Second World War the complex was severely damaged and largely razed to the ground by a heavy bombing by the Royal Air Force in the night between 8 and 9 December 1942第二次世界大战期间，该建筑群在 1942 年 12 月 8 日至 9 日夜英国皇家空军的猛烈轰炸中遭到严重破坏，大部分被夷为平地。
• Instead of rebuilding the Faculty of Engineering on the same site, it was decided to move and expand it in the Crocetta district, and in November 1958 a large complex in corso Duca degli Abruzzi was inaugurated on the vast area where the Turin Stadium had been built in 1911校方没有在原址重建工程学院，而是决定迁往并扩建至克罗切塔区；1958 年 11 月，位于阿布鲁齐公爵大道的大型建筑群在原 1911 年都灵体育场的地块上落成。
• The historical headquarters of Valentino Castle helped expand the volume and the facilities given in 1859 to the Technical School for Engineers历史悠久的瓦伦蒂诺城堡总部，进一步扩展了 1859 年移交工程师应用学校的建筑体量与设施。
• In the 1990s new teaching campuses were opened in Alessandria, Biella, Mondovì and Verrès20 世纪 90 年代，该校在亚历山德里亚、比耶拉、蒙多维与韦雷斯开设了新的教学校区。
• On 13 February 2012 the e-st@r, a small artificial satellite built to CubeSat standards by the students of the Polytechnic of Turin, was carried into orbit by Vega, a launch vehicle of the European Space Agency2012 年 2 月 13 日，由都灵理工学生按立方星标准建造的小型人造卫星 e-st@r 由欧洲空间局的「织女星」运载火箭送入轨道。
• In 2017 the Italian statistics body Censis and the newspaper La Repubblica judged Politecnico di Torino the best technical university in Italy2017 年，意大利统计机构 Censis 与《共和报》将都灵理工大学评为意大利最优秀的理工大学。
• By 2019 the institution had trained about 38 per cent of Italy's architects and 36 per cent of its engineers截至 2019 年，该校培养的毕业生约占意大利建筑师总数的 38%、工程师总数的 36%。

Academics

• The university is structured in eleven departments that carry out both teaching and research, with duties of coordination, promotion of research, organisation and management of teaching activity该校设有 11 个既承担教学又承担科研的学部，负责协调、推动科研以及组织与管理教学活动。
• These are the Department of Architecture and Design, the Department of Control and Computer Engineering, the Department of Energy, the Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, the Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, and the Department of Management and Production Engineering它们分别是建筑与设计学部、控制与计算机工程学部、能源学部、电子与通信学部、环境、土地与基础设施工程学部，以及管理与生产工程学部。
• The remaining departments are the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, the Department of Applied Science and Technology, the Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering, the Department of Mathematical Sciences, and the Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning其余学部为机械与航天工程学部、应用科学与技术学部、结构、岩土与建筑工程学部、数学科学学部，以及校际区域与城市规划研究学部。
• The course catalogue lists 23 bachelor's degree programmes, of which 3 are in architecture design and spatial planning and 19 in engineering, together with 30 master's degree programmes, 23 of them taught entirely in English其课程目录列出 23 个本科项目，其中 3 个属建筑、设计与空间规划、19 个属工程，另有 30 个硕士项目，其中 23 个完全以英语授课。
• It also offers 5 first-level and 17 second-level specialisation masters, a professional bachelor's degree, and 16 PhD programmes, five of them run with other universities and research centres该校还开设 5 个一级与 17 个二级专业硕士、一个职业本科学位，以及 16 个博士项目，其中 5 个与其他大学或研究中心合作举办。
• In the academic year 2018-2019 the university enrolled 35,700 bachelor's and master's students, with 52 per cent of the Italians coming from outside Piedmont and 16 per cent of all students international2018 至 2019 学年，该校共有 35,700 名本科与硕士在读生，其中意大利籍学生有 52% 来自皮埃蒙特大区以外，全部学生中 16% 为国际学生。
• In the same year it recorded 5,300 first-year students, 565 specialising master's students and 696 PhD candidates同年该校有一年级新生 5,300 人、专业硕士生 565 人与博士生 696 人。
• In 2018 the university produced 6,691 graduates, of whom 3,495 took bachelor's degrees at an average age of 23.7 and 3,196 took master's degrees at an average age of 26.22018 年该校共有 6,691 名毕业生，其中 3,495 人获学士学位、平均年龄 23.7 岁，3,196 人获硕士学位、平均年龄 26.2 岁。
• The main subjects taught are architecture, architectural engineering, industrial design, aerospace, automotive, biomedical, chemical, civil, computer, electrical and electronic engineering其主干学科包括建筑学、建筑工程、工业设计，以及航天、汽车、生物医学、化学、土木、计算机、电气与电子工程。
• Other fields include environmental, energy, materials, mechanical, mining, nuclear, production, petroleum, telecommunications and textile engineering, along with engineering physics, mechatronics and nanotechnology其他领域包括环境、能源、材料、机械、采矿、核能、生产、石油、电信与纺织工程，以及工程物理、机电一体化与纳米技术。
• Research is organised in four macro-areas, namely industrial engineering, information technology, management and mathematical engineering, and civil environmental architecture and design engineering其科研分为四大领域，即工业工程、信息技术、管理与数学工程，以及土木、环境、建筑与设计工程。
• The polytechnic maintains research links with local and international companies, reaching about 700 yearly research contracts with firms such as Thales Alenia Space, Intel, Motorola, Ferrari, Fiat, Leonardo, General Motors, IBM, Microsoft, Nokia, Pininfarina, Bosch, General Electric and STMicroelectronics该校与国内外企业保持科研联系，每年签订约 700 份研究合同，合作方包括泰雷兹阿莱尼亚宇航、英特尔、摩托罗拉、法拉利、菲亚特、莱昂纳多、通用汽车、IBM、微软、诺基亚、宾尼法利纳、博世、通用电气与意法半导体等。
• The Automotive Engineering programme, conceived in collaboration with the Fiat Group, has for ten years consistently ranked among the top three in Europe与菲亚特集团合作设立的汽车工程项目连续十年稳居欧洲前三。
• Tuition fees vary with each student's family income under the ISEE form and usually rise if a student falls behind in study, ranging from about 161 euros to 3,821 euros a year学费依学生家庭收入（ISEE 申报）而不同，并通常随学业延宕而提高，每年约为 161 欧元至 3,821 欧元。
• Students whose family income is below 25,500 euros a year fall in the no-tax area and pay 161 euros a year, and many, including international students, benefit from fee reductions家庭年收入低于 25,500 欧元的学生属「免学费区间」，每年仅缴 161 欧元；包括国际学生在内的许多学生还可享受学费减免。
• Piedmont's public education service EDISU Piemonte manages additional scholarships, student housing, libraries, computer loans, cafeterias and study spaces, and all campuses are covered by a Wi-Fi network interoperable with Eduroam皮埃蒙特的公共教育服务机构 EDISU Piemonte 管理额外奖学金、学生宿舍、图书馆、电脑借用、食堂与自习空间，所有校区均覆盖可与 Eduroam 互通的无线网络。
• The university has an agreement with the Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, where it prepares students in mechanical engineering, computer science, civil engineering and mechatronics该校与乌兹别克斯坦塔什干都灵理工大学签有协议，在当地培养机械工程、计算机科学、土木工程与机电一体化方向的学生。
• International exchange and research links connect the polytechnic with institutions such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of Chicago, the California Institute of Technology, the Technical University of Munich, the University of Tokyo and Tsinghua University国际交流与研究合作使该校与麻省理工学院、芝加哥大学、加州理工学院、慕尼黑工业大学、东京大学与清华大学等院校建立联系。
• Together with six other European technical universities it has formed the UNITE! alliance, which also includes Aalto University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, the Polytechnic University of Catalonia and the University of Lisbon该校与另外六所欧洲理工大学共同组建了 UNITE! 联盟，成员还包括阿尔托大学、瑞典皇家理工学院、加泰罗尼亚理工大学与里斯本大学。

Campus

• The historical and representative base of the polytechnic stands in the town on the River Po: the Valentino Castle, a seventeenth-century House of Savoy, which is the main teaching campus for architecture该校历史悠久、具代表性的校址位于波河之畔的城区，即十七世纪萨伏伊王朝的瓦伦蒂诺城堡，现为建筑学的主要教学区。
• Valentino Castle, set in one of Italy's largest city parks, covers 23,000 square metres and was listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1997瓦伦蒂诺城堡坐落于意大利最大的城市公园之一，占地 23,000 平方米，1997 年被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产。
• The big complex in corso Duca degli Abruzzi, with 122,000 square metres, is the main campus of engineering and was opened in 1958位于阿布鲁齐公爵大道、面积 122,000 平方米的大型建筑群是工程学科的主校区，1958 年启用。
• It is completed by the Cittadella Politecnica, a modern complex of 170,000 square metres adjoining the main building, including areas dedicated to students, research, technological transfer and services毗邻主楼建有占地 170,000 平方米的现代「理工城」综合体，包含供学生使用、科研、技术转移与服务之用的区域。
• The newest campus is the Design and Sustainable Mobility Citadel, adjoining the Mirafiori manufacturing establishment of FIAT, where the Lingotto building hosts the Master School最新落成的校区是「设计与可持续交通城」，毗邻菲亚特的米拉菲奥里生产基地，其中林戈托大楼设有硕士学院。
• The headquarters on Oddino Morgari street is intended for the course in territorial, urban and landscape-environmental planning位于奥迪诺·莫尔加里街的校区则用于区域、城市与景观环境规划课程。
• The campuses draw inspiration from the structure of Anglo-Saxon ones, with multipurpose buildings for teaching, basic and applied research and student services, and a regional network of technological centres in Alessandria, Biella, Mondovì and Verrès其校区借鉴英美高校的格局，设有兼顾教学、基础与应用研究及学生服务的多功能建筑，并在亚历山德里亚、比耶拉、蒙多维与韦雷斯形成区域技术中心网络。
• The main campus lies in the affluent Crocetta district, close to the city centre, and hosts Unicredit and Poste Italiane offices, the Celid bookshop, an EDISU office and canteen, the GTT transport office and an international student secretariat主校区位于富裕的克罗切塔区、紧邻市中心，内有意联银行与意大利邮政网点、Celid 教育书店、EDISU 服务窗口与食堂、GTT 交通公司办公室以及国际学生秘书处。
• A language centre offers all enrolled students free courses and study materials in English, Italian, French and Spanish校内语言中心为全体在读学生免费提供英语、意大利语、法语与西班牙语课程及学习资料。
• Mixto, a 750-square-metre venue combining a bar, cafeteria and restaurant in a new steel-and-glass eco-building, opened in January 2014 and is the largest campus commercial restaurant in Italy占地约 750 平方米、集酒吧、咖啡馆与餐厅于一体的 Mixto 于 2014 年 1 月开业，位于一座新建的钢架玻璃生态建筑内，是目前意大利最大的校园商业餐厅。
• The Museo Archivio Politecnico carries out historical documentation for the university and for scholars studying the development of Turin's polytechnic culture「理工大学博物馆与档案馆」为学校以及研究都灵理工文化发展历程的学者提供史料整理服务。
• It preserves and manages the university's historical materials, such as the historical archive of its students and a specialised library on the history of engineering and architecture该馆保存并管理学校的历史资料，如学生历史档案以及关于工程与建筑史的专门图书馆。
• The museum also spreads scientific and technological culture through exhibitions, workshops and conferences博物馆还通过展览、工作坊与会议传播科学与技术文化。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Politecnico di Torino is placed 206th in the world在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，都灵理工大学位列世界第 206 位。
• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 it stands in the 401 to 450 band在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校位于 401 至 450 区间。
• The U.S. News Best Global Universities edition of 2026-2027 ranks it 517th in the world2026 至 2027 年版《美国新闻与世界报道》最佳全球大学排名将其列为世界第 517 位。
• In the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 it stands in the 701 to 800 band在 2026 年世界大学学术排名中，该校位于 701 至 800 区间。
• Into the twenty-first century Politecnico di Torino is consistently ranked as one of the best universities in Italy and in Europe, and as of 2024 it is ranked by QS among the top 52 engineering and technology universities in the world进入二十一世纪，都灵理工大学长期被评为意大利与欧洲最优秀的大学之一；截至 2024 年，QS 将其列为世界工程技术类大学前 52 名。
• According to the QS Top Universities Ranking 2024 it ranked 21st in the world for Architecture, 28th for Mechanical Engineering, 22nd for Petroleum Engineering and 33rd for Civil Engineering据 2024 年 QS 世界大学学科排名，其建筑学位列世界第 21、机械工程第 28、石油工程第 22、土木工程第 33。
• Its Innovative Enterprise and Business Incubator I3P was ranked in 2014 as the fifth best in Europe and fifteenth overall in the world by the UBI Index其「创新企业与商业孵化器」I3P 在 2014 年被 UBI 指数评为欧洲第 5、世界第 15。
• The polytechnic is the top national recipient of research funding from the Fondo di Finanziamento Ordinario, the ordinary financing fund of the Italian university system该校是意大利大学体系「普通经费基金」（Fondo di Finanziamento Ordinario）研究经费的全国最大受资助方。
• Its OpenAlex record shows 83,410 works with 3,782,099 citationsOpenAlex 数据库显示，该校有 83,410 篇成果、被引 3,782,099 次。
• Politecnico di Torino is one of the most selective and most sought-after engineering universities in Italy, and its graduates are much in demand in the automotive, aerospace, energy and electronics industries都灵理工大学是意大利选拔最严、最受追捧的工程类大学之一，其毕业生在汽车、航空航天、能源与电子等行业供不应求。

Student life

• As of 2022 the university hosts 29 registered student associations, some of them international截至 2022 年，该校有 29 个注册学生社团，其中一些为国际性社团。
• These include AESA Torino, the Aerospace Engineering Students' Association, which organises conferences and guided tours in the aerospace field, and J.E.To.P., a junior enterprise operating as a web agency其中包括举办航天领域会议与参观活动的「都灵航天工程学生协会」AESA，以及以网络机构形式运营的青年企业 J.E.To.P.。
• Other associations are PoliENERGY, devoted to sustainability, innovation and energy, ERASMUS TORINO, which gathers exchange students, and the Mu Nu chapter of IEEE-Eta Kappa Nu, the honour society of the IEEE其他社团还有专注可持续、创新与能源的 PoliENERGY，汇聚交换生的 ERASMUS TORINO，以及 IEEE 荣誉学会 IEEE-Eta Kappa Nu 的 Mu Nu 分会。
• More than 30 active student teams let students work together on projects that enrich their cultural, technical and managerial knowledge该校有 30 多个活跃的学生团队，让学生协作开展项目，丰富其文化、技术与管理知识。
• 2WheelsPoliTO designs and builds a racing motorcycle that every two years races on the MotoGP circuit of Aragon in Spain2WheelsPoliTO 设计并制造赛车摩托，每两年在西班牙阿拉贡的 MotoGP 赛道参赛。
• The PoliTo Rocket Team designs sounding rockets and rocket engines and competes at the International Rocket Engineering Competition and the European Rocketry ChallengePoliTo 火箭队设计探空火箭与火箭发动机，参加国际火箭工程竞赛与欧洲火箭挑战赛。
• Squadra Corse builds an electric racing prototype for Formula SAE and Formula Hybrid, while the CubeSat Team develops small satellites and space platforms and DIANA works on robotics and model roversSquadra Corse 车队为方程式 SAE 与混动方程式打造电动赛车原型，立方星团队研发小型卫星与空间平台，DIANA 则从事机器人与模型巡视车研究。
• Students elect representatives to the Academic Senate, the Board of Directors and the boards of schools, with three main groups competing in student elections学生选举代表进入学术评议会、董事会与各学院理事会，学生选举中有三大主要阵营。
• These are Alter.POLIS, an independent left-wing organisation, Obiettivo Studentesco, generally regarded as Christian democratic, and RUN Polito, a centre-left group nationally confederated with Primavera degli Studenti它们分别是独立的左翼组织 Alter.POLIS、通常被视为基督教民主派的 Obiettivo Studentesco，以及在全国范围与学生之春结盟的中左翼组织 RUN Polito。
• Participation in student elections is generally low, and smaller groups including extremist organisations also exist学生选举的投票率一般偏低，此外还存在包括极端组织在内的较小团体。

Notable people

• Galileo Ferraris, who taught technical physics at the school, gave a powerful impulse to the practical progress of alternating-current electrotechnics and discovered the principle of the rotating magnetic field ahead of Nikola Tesla在该校教授技术物理的伽利略·费拉里斯极大地推动了交流电工技术的实际进步，并早于尼古拉·特斯拉发现了旋转磁场原理。
• Vilfredo Pareto, the economist and sociologist who formulated the Pareto principle, or eighty-twenty rule, was trained at the polytechnic提出帕累托法则（即二八法则）的经济学家与社会学家维尔弗雷多·帕累托曾在该校就读。
• Giovanni Agnelli, founder of the Fiat group, studied industrial design at the institution菲亚特集团创始人乔瓦尼·阿涅利在该校学习工业设计。
• Sergio Pininfarina, the second chief executive of the design house Pininfarina, graduated in mechanical engineering, and Adriano Olivetti, head of the Olivetti typewriter and computer company, was also an alumnus知名设计公司宾尼法利纳的第二任首席执行官塞尔吉奥·宾尼法利纳毕业于机械工程专业；打字机与计算机企业奥利维蒂的掌门人阿德里亚诺·奥利维蒂也是该校校友。
• Corradino D'Ascanio, designer of the Vespa scooter and of an early helicopter, and Dante Giacosa, the Fiat designer behind the Fiat 500, are among its engineering graduates踏板摩托车 Vespa 与早期直升机的设计者科拉迪诺·达斯卡尼奥，以及设计菲亚特 500 的菲亚特设计师但丁·贾科萨，都是该校的工科毕业生。
• Ettore Sottsass, a leading figure of the Memphis design group, studied architecture in Turin, and the engineer Emma Strada, the first woman to take a degree in engineering in Italy, was one of its graduates孟菲斯设计集团的代表人物埃托雷·索特萨斯在都灵学习建筑；意大利首位获得工程学位的女性、工程师埃玛·斯特拉达也是该校毕业生。
• John Elkann, chairman of Stellantis and Exor, and Carlo De Benedetti, the industrialist and publisher, studied at the polytechnic, as did Bruno Sacco, the long-serving chief designer of Mercedes-Benz斯泰兰蒂斯与 Exor 董事长约翰·埃尔坎、实业家兼出版人卡洛·德贝内代蒂都曾在该校就读，长期担任梅赛德斯-奔驰首席设计师的布鲁诺·萨科亦出自该校。
• Francesco Profumo, a former rector of the polytechnic who later served as Italy's minister of education, universities and research, is an alumnus曾任该校校长、后出任意大利教育、大学与研究部长的弗朗切斯科·普罗富莫是该校校友。
• Pier Giorgio Frassati, the student and social activist beatified by the Catholic Church, is counted among its former students被天主教会宣福的学生与社会活动家皮耶尔·乔治·弗拉萨蒂也被列为该校校友。
• Chiara Marletto, a theoretical physicist known for her work on constructor theory, is a graduate of the institution以建构子理论（constructor theory）研究闻名的理论物理学家基娅拉·马尔莱托是该校毕业生。
• Stefano Paolo Corgnati, a professor of energy engineering, is the current rector of Politecnico di Torino能源工程教授斯特凡诺·保罗·科尔尼亚蒂是都灵理工大学现任校长。
• The polytechnic has trained about 38 per cent of Italy's architects and 36 per cent of its engineers, and its alumni are prominent in the design, automotive and aerospace industries of the country该校培养了意大利约 38% 的建筑师与 36% 的工程师，其校友在意大利的设计、汽车与航空航天产业中举足轻重。