Politecnico di Milano

Politecnico di Milano, known as Polimi, is a public technical university in Milan, Italy, the largest and oldest institution of its kind in the country, founded on 29 November 1863 by the mathematician Francesco Brioschi.米兰理工大学（简称 Polimi）是位于意大利米兰的公立技术大学，是该国规模最大、历史最悠久的技术类学府，由数学家弗朗切斯科·布里奥斯基创办于 1863 年 11 月 29 日。

Originally named the Istituto Tecnico Superiore and teaching only civil and industrial engineering, it was modelled on the German and Swiss polytechnics and grew into a university offering engineering, architecture and design across two main campuses in Milan and five satellite campuses.该校最初名为高等技术学院，只教授土木工程与工业工程，其建制效仿德国与瑞士的理工院校，后来发展为在米兰两处主校区及五个分校区开设工程、建筑与设计学科的大学。

With about 49,400 students in the 2024/25 academic year, more than 8,000 international students from over 100 countries and a placing of 87th in the QS World University Rankings 2027, Polimi is regarded as one of Europe's leading technical universities.该校 2024 至 2025 学年约有 49,400 名学生，其中来自 100 多个国家的国际学生超过 8,000 人，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 87 位，被视为欧洲领先的技术大学之一。

History

• Politecnico di Milano was founded on 29 November 1863 by Francesco Brioschi, a mathematician who was then secretary of the Ministry of Education and rector of the University of Pavia, as part of a drive to advance technical education in the early years of Italian unification.米兰理工大学由弗朗切斯科·布里奥斯基创办于 1863 年 11 月 29 日，这位数学家当时兼任教育部秘书长与帕维亚大学校长，该校的建立是意大利统一初期推动技术教育的一部分。

• The institute was created to support the industrial and technological development of the newly unified kingdom, following the example of polytechnical schools already established in the German and Swiss states.该院的设立旨在支持新统一的意大利王国的工业与技术发展，其模式参照了当时已在德意志与瑞士各邦建立的理工院校。

• Its original name was Istituto Tecnico Superiore, the Higher Technical Institute, and instruction began with only civil engineering and industrial engineering, with a first-year class of roughly thirty students.其最初校名为高等技术学院，开办时只教授土木工程与工业工程，首年入学的班级约有三十名学生。

• The new school was housed in the former Collegio Elvetico on Via Senato in central Milan, a building whose premises would serve the institution during its formative decades.这所新学校设于米兰市中心参议院街的原赫尔维蒂学院旧址，其校舍在建校后的数十年间一直为该机构服务。

• Francesco Brioschi served as the first rector from 1863 until his death in 1897, guiding the institute's early growth and building its reputation in mathematics and engineering science.弗朗切斯科·布里奥斯基自 1863 年起担任首任校长，直至 1897 年去世，主导了学院早期的成长，并在数学与工程科学领域树立了声誉。

• Architecture, the institution's second main line of study, was introduced in 1865 in cooperation with the Brera Academy of Fine Arts, making the Politecnico a pioneer of modern architectural education in Italy.该机构的第二大学习方向建筑学于 1865 年与布雷拉美术学院合作引入，使米兰理工大学成为意大利现代建筑教育的先驱。

• The Milanese theorist Carlo Cattaneo, through his journal Il Politecnico, spread the idea that scientific progress would bring political and social progress, an intellectual current that helped shape the new school.米兰理论家卡洛·卡塔内奥通过其创办的《理工大学》杂志传播「科学进步将带来政治与社会进步」的理念，这一思想潮流推动了新学校的形成。

• Giuseppe Colombo succeeded Brioschi as rector and led the institution from 1897 to 1921, strengthening its links with industry and helping to found companies such as Società Edison that drove the growth of the electrical industry.朱塞佩·科隆博于 1897 年接替布里奥斯基出任校长并领导该校至 1921 年，他加强了学校与工业界的联系，并协助创办了推动电气工业发展的爱迪生公司等企业。

• Although the student body was overwhelmingly male in the early decades, the institution awarded its first degree to a woman in 1913, a milestone in Italian technical education.尽管早期数十年学生以男性为主，该校仍于 1913 年授予首位女性学位，成为意大利技术教育的一个里程碑。

• In 1927 the institution moved to a new site at Piazza Leonardo da Vinci in the district now known as Città Studi, where its main facilities remain, and opened there on 22 September of that year.1927 年，该校迁至现今被称为大学城（Città Studi）区域的达芬奇广场新址，其主设施至今仍在此地，并于当年 9 月 22 日在新址开学。

• At that time the institution was renamed Regio Politecnico, or Royal Polytechnic, and the word Regio was dropped only after the Second World War, when Italy became a republic.当时该校更名为 Regio Politecnico，即皇家理工学院；直到第二次世界大战后意大利成为共和国，Regio 一词才被去除。

• The present logo, based on a detail of Raphael's preparatory sketch for the School of Athens, was adopted in 1942, before which the institution had no official emblem.现今的校徽取自拉斐尔《雅典学院》草图的局部，于 1942 年启用，此前该校并无正式徽记。

• In 1954 the first European centre of electronic computation was opened at the university by Gino Cassinis and Ercole Bottani, giving Italy an early foothold in computer science.1954 年，贾尼诺·卡西尼斯与埃尔科莱·博塔尼在该校建立了欧洲第一个电子计算中心，使意大利在计算机科学上取得早期立足点。

• In 1963 the professor Giulio Natta received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research on crystalline polymers, especially polypropylene, bringing international renown to the Politecnico.1963 年，该校教授朱利奥·纳塔因对结晶聚合物尤其是聚丙烯的研究获得诺贝尔化学奖，为米兰理工大学赢得国际声誉。

• In 1977 the satellite Sirio, developed jointly by the university and partner companies, was launched, demonstrating the institution's growing role in space and communications technology.1977 年，由该校与企业联合研制的天狼星卫星发射升空，显示该校在航天与通信技术领域日益重要的作用。

• In 1979 the Politecnico's business school, now the POLIMI Graduate School of Management, was created, extending the university's teaching into management and executive education.1979 年，该校的商学院即今日的 POLIMI 管理研究生院成立，把学校的教学拓展到管理与高管教育领域。

• Through the later twentieth century the Politecnico expanded its Milan presence beyond Città Studi by developing the Bovisa campus on former industrial land in the northern part of the city.在 20 世纪后期，该校在米兰市北部原工业用地上开发博维萨校区，把其在市内的办学空间扩展到达芬奇广场之外。

• To reach beyond Milan the university established territorial campuses at Lecco, Piacenza, Cremona and Mantua, integrating teaching, research and technology transfer with the needs of their local economies.为走出米兰，该校在莱科、皮亚琴察、克雷莫纳与曼托瓦设立地方校区，把教学、研究与技术转移同当地经济的需求相结合。

• The Politecnico also created an Italian-Chinese campus with sites in Shanghai and Xi'an, following exchange and double-degree agreements with around thirty Chinese universities.该校还设立了意大利-中国校区，在上海与西安设点，此前已与约三十所中国大学签订交流与双学位协议。

• Donatella Sciuto became rector in 2022, the first woman to lead the Politecnico, and has emphasised sustainable development and international partnerships during her tenure.多纳泰拉·夏托于 2022 年出任校长，是该校首位女性领导人，任内强调可持续发展与国际合作。

• In the 2020s the university entered the global top hundred of the QS World University Rankings for the first time, consolidating its position as Italy's leading technical university.进入 2020 年代，该校首次跻身 QS 世界大学排名全球前一百，巩固了其作为意大利顶尖技术大学的地位。

Academics

• Politecnico di Milano is the largest public technical university in Italy, with about 40,000 to 49,000 students depending on the year, and it offers degree programmes in engineering, architecture and design.米兰理工大学是意大利规模最大的公立技术大学，依年份不同学生约在四万至四万九千人之间，开设工程、建筑与设计学位课程。

• Its research and teaching are organised through twelve departments and four schools, together with a doctoral school that sets the guidelines for its twenty PhD programmes.该校的科研与教学通过十二个系与四个学院组织，另设一所博士学院，负责统筹其二十个博士项目的方针。

• The four schools are the School of Architecture Urban Planning Construction Engineering, the School of Design, the School of Civil Environmental and Land Management Engineering, and the School of Industrial and Information Engineering.四个学院分别是建筑·城市规划·建筑工程学院、设计学院、土木·环境与土地管理工程学院，以及工业与信息工程学院。

• In the 2024/25 academic year the university offered 26 bachelor's degree programmes, 45 master of science programmes and 20 PhD programmes, along with 178 first- and second-level master and advanced courses.2024 至 2025 学年，该校开设 26 个本科项目、45 个硕士项目与 20 个博士项目，另有 178 个一级与二级专业硕士及进修课程。

• In 2024/25 the Politecnico enrolled about 49,400 students, including 2,129 doctoral candidates, and employed 1,859 faculty members and 1,449 technical and administrative staff.2024 至 2025 学年该校在校学生约 49,400 人，其中博士生 2,129 人，聘有教师 1,859 人以及技术与行政人员 1,449 人。

• More than 8,000 of its students are international, drawn from over 100 countries, and almost the entire postgraduate portfolio is taught in English alongside a number of English-taught undergraduate programmes.其中国际学生超过 8,000 人，来自 100 多个国家，几乎所有研究生课程均以英语授课，另有若干英语本科项目。

• Admission is competitive and selective, with an acceptance rate of about 28 per cent as of 2024, and engineering applicants usually sit the university's own TOL entrance test.该校录取竞争激烈、选拔性强，截至 2024 年录取率约为 28%，工程类申请者通常须参加校方的 TOL 入学考试。

• The university's strongest research areas are engineering, architecture and design, and it ranks among the best schools in the world for architecture and design in particular.该校实力最强的研究领域是工程、建筑与设计，尤其在建筑与设计方面位居全球最优秀院校之列。

• PoliHub, the university's start-up incubator, supports new technology companies and forms part of an innovation ecosystem that links the Politecnico with Milan's industrial and financial life.该校的初创企业孵化器 PoliHub 支持新兴科技公司，是连接米兰理工大学与米兰产业、金融生态的创新体系的一部分。

• Politecnico di Milano maintains partnerships with leading technical universities around the world, including ETH Zurich, TU Delft and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.米兰理工大学与世界多所顶尖技术大学保持合作，包括苏黎世联邦理工学院、代尔夫特理工大学与麻省理工学院。

• Politecnico di Milano is a member of the IDEA League, a strategic alliance of European universities of technology that also includes RWTH Aachen University, Delft University of Technology and Chalmers University of Technology.米兰理工大学是 IDEA 联盟（IDEA League）的成员，该欧洲理工高校战略联盟还包括亚琛工业大学、代尔夫特理工大学与查尔姆斯理工大学。

• Its Italian-Chinese campus, established with about thirty Chinese universities, offers exchange and double-degree programmes and strengthens the university's presence in Asia.该校与中国约三十所大学共建的意大利-中国校区提供交流与双学位项目，加强了学校在亚洲的存在。

• The university maintains a large library system and an academic press, and its departments publish and disseminate research through journals, monographs and technical reports.该校拥有庞大的图书馆体系与学术出版机构，其各系通过期刊、专著与技术报告发表和传播研究成果。

• Around eighty-five per cent of the Politecnico's master and postgraduate programmes are delivered through consortia, including Cefriel and CIS-E, which connect the university with companies and professionals.该校约 85% 的硕士与研究生课程由联合体承办，其中包括 Cefriel 与 CIS-E，把学校与企业及专业人士连接起来。

• Many of its master's programmes are taught entirely in English and include projects, laboratory work and cases linked to industry, with a degree project completed at a company, public body or university.其许多硕士项目全程以英语授课，包含项目、实验与产业案例，学生须在企业、公共机构或大学完成毕业项目。

• Sustainable development is integrated into the university's programmes and research, reflecting Polimi's ambition to contribute to the ecological and technological transition of industry.可持续发展被融入该校的课程与研究，体现米兰理工大学为产业的生态与技术转型作出贡献的抱负。

• The university's four schools coordinate the degree programmes within their subject areas, while the twelve departments are the seats of research and of the corresponding teaching competences.该校四个学院统筹各自学科领域的学位项目，而十二个系则是研究与相应教学能力的依托单位。

Campus

• Politecnico di Milano has two principal campuses in Milan, Leonardo and Bovisa, where most of its research and teaching takes place, plus territorial campuses in other Italian cities and an Italian-Chinese campus.米兰理工大学在米兰拥有莱奥纳多与博维萨两处主校区，其大部分科研与教学在此进行，此外还在意大利其他城市设有地方校区并设有意大利-中国校区。

• The Leonardo campus in the Città Studi district has been the university's headquarters since 1927 and houses its central offices in a setting of historic and modern buildings.位于大学城的莱奥纳多校区自 1927 年起即为该校总部，其中心办公机构设于历史与现代建筑交融的环境之中。

• The Bovisa campus, developed on former industrial land in the north of Milan, is associated with the design and engineering schools and with the university's innovation and incubator activities.位于米兰北部原工业用地上的博维萨校区与设计、工程学院以及学校的创新与孵化活动相联系。

• Beyond Milan the university operates campuses at Lecco, Piacenza, Cremona and Mantua, each developed through multi-year plans that link teaching, research and technology transfer to the local area.在米兰之外，该校在莱科、皮亚琴察、克雷莫纳与曼托瓦设有校区，各自通过多年规划发展，把教学、研究与技术转移同当地需求结合。

• The university also maintains an Italian-Chinese campus with locations in Shanghai and Xi'an, established through agreements with around thirty Chinese universities.该校还设有意大利-中国校区，在上海与西安设点，通过与约三十所中国大学的协议建立。

• Its historic buildings in Città Studi were designed and built by engineers and architects who had themselves graduated from the Politecnico, giving the campus a unified architectural character.其大学城的历史建筑由从米兰理工大学毕业的工程师与建筑师设计建造，使校园呈现出统一的建筑风貌。

• All the campuses are urban and well served by public transport, and the university provides student accommodation services and support for international students arriving in Milan.所有校区都位于城市之中且公共交通便利，学校为抵达米兰的国际学生提供住宿服务与支持。

• The presence of the design school and the university's links to Milan's fashion and furniture industries place the Politecnico at the centre of the city's internationally famous design culture.设计学院的存在以及该校与米兰时尚、家具产业的联系，使米兰理工大学处于这座城市享誉国际的设计文化的中心。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Politecnico di Milano is placed 87th in the world and is the highest-ranked university in Italy in that table.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，米兰理工大学位列世界第 87 位，是该榜单中意大利排名最高的大学。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places the Politecnico around 157th in the world, reflecting its strength as a specialised technical university rather than a comprehensive one.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将米兰理工大学列在世界第 157 位左右，体现出其作为专业型技术大学而非综合性大学的实力。

• The U.S. News Best Global Universities edition of 2026-2027 ranks the university 340th in the world, a placement that reflects the narrower subject profile of a technical institution.2026 至 2027 年版美国新闻与世界报道最佳全球大学排名将该校列为世界第 340 位，这一名次反映出一所技术院校较为集中的学科结构。

• The OpenAlex database attributes 258,166 works to the Politecnico di Milano with 6,133,296 citations, an unusually large output for a specialised technical university.OpenAlex 数据库为米兰理工大学收录 258,166 篇成果、被引 6,133,296 次，对于一所专业型技术大学而言产量极为可观。

• In the QS World University Rankings by Subject for 2026 the university was placed 20th in the world for engineering and technology, with its design and architecture programmes ranked among the very best globally.在 2026 年 QS 世界大学学科排名中，该校在工程与技术领域位列世界第 20 位，其设计与建筑项目更位居全球最优秀之列。

• In the same subject rankings it was placed about 6th for architecture and about 7th for design, and it features near the top of the world tables for civil and structural and mechanical and aerospace engineering.在同一学科排名中，其建筑学约列第 6 位、设计学约列第 7 位，并在土木与结构工程以及机械与航空航天工程方面位居世界前列。

• In 1963 the university's professor Giulio Natta was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on crystalline polymers, the institution's most prominent scientific honour.1963 年，该校教授朱利奥·纳塔因结晶聚合物研究获得诺贝尔化学奖，是该校最杰出的科学荣誉。

• Two graduates of the Politecnico have won the Pritzker Architecture Prize, Renzo Piano in 1998 and Aldo Rossi in 1990, underlining the university's standing in architecture worldwide.该校有两位毕业生获得普利兹克建筑奖，分别是 1998 年获奖的伦佐·皮亚诺与 1990 年获奖的阿尔多·罗西，凸显该校在全球建筑界的地位。

• In 2024 the SCImago Institutions Rankings placed the school 6th in the world for architecture and among the top fifty for engineering, and it is consistently ranked first in Italy in its fields.2024 年 SCImago 机构排名将该校的建筑学位列世界第 6 位、工程学位列世界前五十，并在其相关领域长期位居意大利第一。

Student life

• The university's motto, Scambia la tua mente, translates as exchange your mind, expressing an ethos of openness and interdisciplinary exchange among engineers, architects and designers.该校校训「Scambia la tua mente」意为「交换你的思维」，表达了工程师、建筑师与设计师之间开放与跨学科交流的精神。

• The university's emblem derives from a detail of Raphael's fresco The School of Athens, adopted as the institution's logo in 1942 and now widely recognised as a symbol of Italian engineering.该校校徽取自拉斐尔湿壁画《雅典学院》的局部，1942 年正式采用为校徽，如今被广泛视为意大利工程学的象征。

• Student life at the Politecnico is organised through student associations and representative bodies, and the university participates in the CUS Milano sports system through which students take part in competitive athletics.米兰理工大学的学生生活通过学生社团与代表机构组织，学校参与 CUS Milano 体育体系，学生借此参加竞技体育。

• The design and architecture schools give the campus a strongly creative character, and Milan's annual design week and furniture fair draw Politecnico students into the city's professional design scene.设计与建筑学院赋予校园强烈的创意气质，米兰一年一度的设计周与家具展把该校学生带入这座城市的专业设计圈。

• PoliHub and the university's innovation programmes encourage students to launch start-ups, and entrepreneurship is an increasingly visible part of student culture.Polihub 与学校的创新项目鼓励学生创办初创企业，创业在学生文化中日益显著。

• The university's international student community, drawn from more than a hundred countries, supports a multilingual campus culture and a range of cultural associations.该校来自一百多个国家的国际学生群体支撑起多语言的校园文化以及多样的文化社团。

• Student politics and representation are active at the Politecnico, with elected student bodies taking part in academic governance and organising events across the campuses.该校学生政治与代表制度活跃，经选举产生的学生机构参与学术治理并在各校区组织活动。

• As an urban university without a closed campus, students live throughout Milan and use the city's cafés, transport and cultural institutions as an extension of university life.作为一所未设封闭校园的城市型大学，学生散居于米兰各地，把这座城市的咖啡馆、交通与文化机构视为大学生活的延伸。

Notable people

• Francesco Brioschi, the mathematician who founded the Politecnico in 1863 and served as its first rector until 1897, shaped its scientific and educational mission.数学家弗朗切斯科·布里奥斯基 1863 年创办米兰理工大学并担任首任校长至 1897 年，奠定了该校的科学与教育使命。

• Giuseppe Colombo, a leading Italian engineer and rector from 1897 to 1921, strengthened the school's ties with industry and helped found the Edison electricity company.意大利著名工程师朱塞佩·科隆博于 1897 至 1921 年任校长，加强了学校与工业界的联系，并协助创办爱迪生电气公司。

• Giulio Natta, a professor at the Politecnico, was awarded the 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research on crystalline polymers and the synthesis of polypropylene.米兰理工大学教授朱利奥·纳塔因在结晶聚合物与聚丙烯合成方面的研究，获得 1963 年诺贝尔化学奖。

• Renzo Piano, who graduated from the Politecnico, won the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1998 and designed landmarks such as the Centre Pompidou and the Shard.毕业于米兰理工大学的伦佐·皮亚诺于 1998 年获得普利兹克建筑奖，设计了蓬皮杜中心与碎片大厦等地标。

• Aldo Rossi, an architect and graduate of the university, won the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1990 and was a leading figure in postmodern urban theory.该校建筑学毕业生阿尔多·罗西于 1990 年获得普利兹克建筑奖，是后现代城市理论的领军人物。

• Enrico Forlanini, an engineer and aeronautical pioneer associated with the Politecnico, built early airships and experimented with helicopter designs.与米兰理工大学相关的工程师、航空先驱恩里科·福拉尼尼建造了早期飞艇，并进行直升机设计的试验。

• Carlo Emilio Gadda, one of twentieth-century Italy's most important novelists, studied engineering at the Politecnico before turning to literature.二十世纪意大利最重要的小说家之一卡洛·埃米利奥·加达在转向文学创作之前，曾在米兰理工大学学习工程。

• Amalia Ercoli Finzi, a graduate and later professor of aerospace engineering at the university, was a principal investigator on the scientific instruments of the Rosetta comet mission.毕业于该校并后来担任航空航天工程教授的阿玛莉亚·埃尔科利·芬齐，是罗塞塔彗星探测器科学仪器的主要负责人之一。

• Luigi Dadda, an engineer and rector from 1972 to 1984, is remembered for the Dadda multiplier in computer arithmetic and for advancing Italian computing.工程师路易吉·达达于 1972 至 1984 年任校长，以计算机算术中的达达乘法器以及推动意大利计算技术发展而闻名。

• Gino Cassinis, a rector and engineer, helped open the first European centre of electronic computation at the university in 1954.校长兼工程师贾尼诺·卡西尼斯于 1954 年协助在该校建立了欧洲第一个电子计算中心。

• Gae Aulenti, an architect and designer who graduated from the Politecnico, became known for transforming the Gare d'Orsay into the Musée d'Orsay in Paris.毕业于米兰理工大学的建筑师与设计师加埃·奥伦蒂，因把巴黎奥赛火车站改建为奥赛博物馆而闻名。

• Demetrio Stratos, a musician who studied at the university, became an influential figure in experimental music and the Italian progressive-rock movement.曾在该校就读的音乐家德梅特里奥·斯特拉托斯，成为实验音乐与意大利前卫摇滚运动中的重要人物。