Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, abbreviated SPbPU and in Russian Sankt-Peterburgskiy politekhnicheskiy universitet Petra Velikogo, is a public technical university in Saint Petersburg, Russia, founded in 1899 as the Saint Petersburg Polytechnic Institute.圣彼得堡彼得大帝理工大学（简称 SPbPU，俄语全名 Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого）是俄罗斯圣彼得堡的一所公立技术大学，1899年以圣彼得堡理工学院之名创立。

Promoted by Finance Minister Count Sergei Witte and modelled on the French École Polytechnique, it opened to students on 1 October 1902 with four departments.该校由财政大臣谢尔盖·维特伯爵推动创办，以法国巴黎综合理工学院为蓝本，于1902年10月1日开学，初设四个系。

It has produced three Nobel laureates and many leading Soviet scientists, and with more than 33,000 students it is one of the largest technical universities in Russia, placed 619th in the QS World University Rankings 2027.该校培养出三位诺贝尔奖得主与众多苏联顶尖科学家，拥有逾3.3万名学生，是俄罗斯规模最大的技术大学之一，在2027年QS世界大学排名中位列第619位。

History

• The institute was founded by a decree signed by Emperor Nicholas II on 19 February 1899, and its founders visited European universities before designing a campus modelled on the university cities of Oxford and Cambridge.该学院依沙皇尼古拉二世1899年2月19日签署的法令创立，创办者曾考察欧洲各大学，其后以牛津与剑桥式的大学城为蓝本设计校园。

• Finance Minister Count Sergei Witte drove its creation, seeing an engineering school modelled on the French École Polytechnique as an important step towards the industrialisation of Russia.财政大臣谢尔盖·维特伯爵推动其创办，他视一所以法国巴黎综合理工学院为蓝本的工学院为俄国工业化的重要一步。

• Its first director was Prince Andrey Gagarin, and unlike the French model it was always considered a civilian establishment, subordinated to the Ministry of Finance in tsarist Russia.其首任院长为安德烈·加加林公爵，与法国原型不同，它始终被视为一所民用机构，在沙皇俄国时期隶属财政部。

• The institute opened to students on 1 October 1902 with four departments, namely economics, shipbuilding, electro-mechanics and metallurgy, on a campus built beyond the dacha settlement of Lesnoye.该学院于1902年10月1日开学，初设四系，即经济、造船、电机与冶金，校舍建在莱斯诺耶别墅聚落之外。

• Its work was interrupted by the Russian Revolution of 1905, when a student, M. Savinkov, was killed on 22 January 1905, and classes only resumed in September 1906.其办学因1905年俄国革命中断，学生 M. 萨文科夫于1905年1月22日遇难，课程迟至1906年9月才复课。

• In 1910 the institute was named the Peter the Great Polytechnic Institute after Peter I of Russia.1910年，该学院以俄国彼得大帝之名命名为彼得大帝理工学院。

• By 1914 the number of students had reached 6,000, before falling to 3,000 with the onset of the First World War.至1914年学生人数已达6000，随后随第一次世界大战爆发降至3000。

• In 1916 Abram Ioffe opened his Physics Seminar, which prepared three Nobel Prize winners and eventually became the core of the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute.1916年阿布拉姆·约费开设物理学研讨班，该班培养出三位诺贝尔奖得主，并最终成为约费物理技术研究所的核心。

• On 5 June 1918 the institute was renamed the First Polytechnic Institute.1918年6月5日，该学院更名为第一理工学院。

• In April 1920 it became part of the planning team for the GOELRO electrification plan and developed projects for the Volkhov dam and the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station.1920年4月，其加入全俄电气化计划的规划团队，并编制沃尔霍夫水坝与第聂伯水电站的方案。

• In November 1920 Léon Theremin gave the first demonstration of the theremin at the institute.1920年11月，列夫·特雷门在该学院首次演示了特雷门琴。

• By the spring of 1922 there were 2,800 students on the campus, and by 1928 enrolment had reached 8,000.至1922年春，校园内有2800名学生，至1928年注册人数已达8000。

• On 30 June 1930 the institute was closed and split into a set of specialised engineering schools, most of which were merged back into the Leningrad Industrial Institute in April 1934.1930年6月30日该学院被撤并、拆分为一批专业工程学院，其中多数于1934年4月重新并入列宁格勒工业学院。

• In November 1940 it was renamed the Kalinin Polytechnic Institute after Mikhail Kalinin.1940年11月，其以米哈伊尔·加里宁之名更名为加里宁理工学院。

• With the Second World War, 3,500 students went to the army and the main building was turned into a hospital.第二次世界大战爆发后，3500名学生奔赴前线，主楼被改为医院。

• After the Siege of Leningrad began on 8 September 1941, institute researchers worked out the safest route of the Road of Life across the frozen Lake Ladoga.1941年9月8日列宁格勒围城开始后，该学院研究人员测定了穿越冰封拉多加湖「生命之路」的最安全路线。

• Some faculties and students were evacuated to Tashkent in January 1943, and classes restarted in Leningrad in November 1943.部分院系与学生于1943年1月疏散至塔什干，课程则于1943年11月在列宁格勒重新开课。

• In 1988 the Physics-Technical Department was created under Zhores Alferov, director of the Ioffe Institute and recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics.1988年在约费研究所所长、2000年诺贝尔物理学奖得主佐列斯·阿尔费罗夫的主导下创设了物理技术系。

• In 1991 the institute took the name St. Petersburg State Technical University, and in 2002 the word Technical gave way to Polytechnic.1991年该校改称圣彼得堡国立技术大学，2002年其名中的「技术」改为「理工」。

• Since 2015 it has borne its current name, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University.自2015年起，该校使用现名圣彼得堡彼得大帝理工大学。

• In 2010 it received the status of National Research University, and in 2013 it joined the national 5-100 competitiveness programme.2010年其获国立研究型大学地位，2013年加入旨在提升竞争力的国家「5-100」计划。

• In April 2016 SPbPU became the first Russian university to open an official representative office in Shanghai, and in 2022 it opened an international office in Nanjing.2016年4月，SPbPU 成为首所在上海设立官方代表处的俄罗斯高校，2022年又在南京开设国际办公室。

• In 2023 it became the coordinator of the Russia-Africa Network University and opened a joint polytechnic institute in Xi'an with Xi'an Technological University.2023年，其成为俄非网络大学的协调方，并与西安工业大学在西安共建联合理工学院。

• In 1933 institute specialists took part in the flight of the SSS-1 stratospheric balloon, which explored the stratosphere and reached an altitude of 19,200 metres.1933年该学院专家参与 SSS-1 平流层气球的飞行，该气球用于探索平流层，升空高度达1万9200米。

• In 1939 a graduate, M.I. Koshkin, designed the T-34 tank, which was later recognised as the best tank of the Second World War and became a symbol of Soviet engineering.1939年毕业生 M.I. 科什金设计了 T-34 坦克，该坦克后来被誉为二战中最好的坦克，并成为苏联工程技术的象征。

• In 1949 institute graduates developed the first Soviet television set, the KVN-49, whose screen measured only 105 by 140 millimetres, a milestone in national consumer electronics.1949年该学院毕业生研制出苏联第一台电视机 KVN-49，其屏幕尺寸仅105乘140毫米，成为国内消费电子的一个里程碑。

• In 1959 the first images of the far side of the Moon were obtained with the active participation of institute specialists, and in 1967 elements 102 and 104 were discovered at its nuclear laboratory.1959年在该学院专家的积极参与下首次获得月球背面影像，1967年则在其核实验室发现了102号与104号元素。

• In 1988 the institute launched the Tokamak-16 thermonuclear fusion system, whose development and study were led by its scientific team.1988年该学院启用「托卡马克-16」热核聚变装置，其研制与研究由该院科研团队主导。

Academics

• Its structural units are called institutes and fall into three categories, engineering institutes, physical institutes, and economics and humanities institutes.其基层单位称为「学院」，分为三类，即工程学院、物理学院以及经济与人文学院。

• SPbPU includes 12 institutes and more than 30 graduate schools, grouped into engineering institutes, physical institutes, and economics and humanities institutes.SPbPU 设有12个学院与30多个研究生院，归入工程学院、物理学院以及经济与人文学院三类。

• It awards bachelor, specialist, master and doctoral degrees, with international master's programmes taught in English.该校授予学士、专家、硕士与博士学位，并开设以英语授课的国际硕士项目。

• The university offers training on more than 50 fields of engineering science and in more than 50 research areas, spanning bachelor, master and doctoral levels.该校在50多个工程科学领域与50多个研究方向培养人才，覆盖学士、硕士与博士各层次。

• Its teaching and research complex counts 21 faculties and institutes, over 150 departments, 120 research and education laboratories and 26 research and education centres.其教学与科研体系拥有21个院系与学院、逾150个教研室、120个科研与教学实验室以及26个科研与教学中心。

• The university employs 3,300 teaching staff and 5,274 staff in total, a scale matched by few technical universities in the country.该校聘有3300名教学人员，员工合计5274人，这一规模在全国技术大学中少有匹敌。

• Today the university has more than 33,000 students, of whom over 5,000 come from more than 107 foreign countries.如今该校有逾3.3万名学生，其中超过5000人来自107个以上的国家。

• Its campus-embedded research and development complex includes research laboratories, research and education centres, the large-scale Technopolis complex, a student design bureau and a technopark.其校园内的一体化研发体系包括科研实验室、科研与教学中心、大型「技术城」综合体、学生设计局与科技园。

• The Historical and Technical Museum of the university is one of the largest of its kind in higher education, holding more than 45,000 exhibits in its main stock.该校的历史与技术博物馆是高校同类博物馆中规模最大者之一，主馆藏有逾4.5万件展品。

• The university maintains partner relations with more than 320 universities in 70 countries and over 200 contracts with leading industrial companies.该校与70个国家的320多所高校保持伙伴关系，并与领先工业企业签订逾200份合同。

• Teaching spans civil engineering, energy and energy efficiency, intelligent systems and IT, mechanical engineering, physics and plasma physics, and digital manufacturing.其教学涵盖土木工程、能源与能效、智能系统与信息技术、机械工程、物理与等离子体物理以及数字制造。

• Further fields include biotechnology and biomedical technologies, new materials and additive technologies, micro- and nanoelectronics, telecommunications, electrical and heat power engineering and transportation technologies.其他领域包括生物技术与生物医学技术、新材料与增材制造、微纳电子、电信、电气与热能工程以及交通运输技术。

• The university houses one of the country's most advanced research laboratories in hydro-aerodynamics.该校设有全国最先进的水动力学与空气动力学实验室之一。

• Its international network includes a representative office in Shanghai, a joint engineering institute with Jiangsu Normal University and a joint polytechnic institute with Xi'an Technological University in Xi'an.其国际网络包括上海代表处、与江苏师范大学共建的联合工程学院，以及与西安工业大学在西安共建的联合理工学院。

• More than 2,000 Chinese students study at the university, and it has signed direct cooperation agreements with institutions such as the Shanghai branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.逾2000名中国学生在该校就读，校方并与中国科学院上海分院等机构签署了直接合作协议。

• Postgraduate study is offered in more than 50 research areas, leading to the Kandidat and Doctor of Science degrees, with visiting professors from major universities and companies sharing their expertise.研究生教育在50多个研究方向上展开，可授予副博士与博士学位，来自主要高校与企业的访问教授亦前来分享专长。

Campus

• The university is located in Saint Petersburg, the second largest city of Russia and its self-styled cultural capital, at coordinates near latitude 59.94 and longitude 30.31.该校位于俄罗斯第二大城市、自称文化之都的圣彼得堡，坐标约为北纬59.94、东经30.31。

• The core historical part of the campus occupies a park beyond the Lesnoye settlement, laid out as a university city on the model of Oxford and Cambridge.校园的核心历史部分占用莱斯诺耶聚落之外的一片园地，按牛津与剑桥式的大学城格局布置。

• The campus consists of 170 or more educational and research buildings, 18 dormitories, an International Student Campus and a major sports complex.校园由170多座教学与科研楼宇、18座宿舍、一处国际学生校区以及一座大型体育综合体组成。

• An earlier count recorded 112 buildings and 15 dormitories, with two of the dormitories dedicated specifically to international students arriving from many countries.较早的统计记录为112座楼宇与15座宿舍，其中两座专门供来自众多国家的国际学生使用。

• The House of Scientists in Lesnoye is a long-standing cultural and social centre for staff and students.莱斯诺耶的科学家之家是长期服务教职工与学生的文化与社交中心。

• Outside Saint Petersburg the university runs six associated institutes in Pskov, Cheboksary, Cherepovets, Sosnovy Bor, Smolensk and Anadyr, plus three branches and six representative offices.在圣彼得堡之外，该校在普斯科夫、切博克萨雷、切列波韦茨、索斯诺维博尔、斯摩棱斯克与阿纳德尔设有六个附属学院，另有三处分校与六个代表处。

• The St. Petersburg College of Information and Management is attached to the university, and two of the dormitories are reserved for international students arriving from more than 107 countries.圣彼得堡信息与管理学院隶属于该校，两座宿舍则专供来自107个以上国家的国际学生使用。

• Dormitories stand within easy reach of the educational buildings, and the university sports complex serves both students and staff.各宿舍与教学楼的步行距离很近，而大学体育综合体同时服务学生与教职工。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 SPbPU is placed 619th in the world, the position on which this entry is written and the anchor of its international standing.在2027年QS世界大学排名中，SPbPU 位列全球第619位，本条目即据此名次撰写，此乃其国际地位之锚。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place it in the 1001-1200 band of the global table.2027年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将其列入全球第1001-1200档。

• In the US News Best Global Universities ranking for 2026-2027 the university is ranked 991st worldwide.在2026-2027年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校位列全球第991名。

• It does not appear in the 2026 Shanghai Ranking, the Academic Ranking of World Universities.该校未进入2026年软科世界大学学术排名。

• In 2022 it was placed 301st by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, 393rd in the QS World University Rankings and 679th by US News, a peak in its recent record.2022年其被泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名列为第301位、QS世界大学排名第393位、US News 第679位，为其近年记录中的高点。

• The university is ranked among the three most international universities in Russia in the Times Higher Education ranking and holds five stars in the international QS ranking for online learning, a profile that draws students and scholars from around the world.该校在泰晤士高等教育排名中位居俄罗斯最国际化大学前三，并在 QS 在线学习国际评级中获五星，这一形象吸引着来自世界各地的学生与学者。

• For recent years it has taken a top-three position among Russian technical universities by number of international students.近年来，其在国际学生人数上位居俄罗斯技术大学前三。

• Research output recorded for the university stands at 34,278 works with 568,389 citations in OpenAlex.据 OpenAlex 记录，该校科研产出为3万4278篇作品、被引56万8389次。

• Three Nobel laureates are counted among its staff, alumni and affiliates, namely Pyotr Kapitsa, Nikolay Semyonov and Zhores Alferov.其教职人员、校友与关联者中有三位诺贝尔奖得主，即彼得·卡皮查、尼古拉·谢苗诺夫与佐列斯·阿尔费罗夫。

Student life

• The university states no formal Latin motto, presenting itself instead through its long record of scientific and engineering achievement.该校未订立正式校训，转而通过其悠久的科学与工程成就记录来展示自身。

• Its historical and technical museum and the House of Scientists in Lesnoye anchor a strong institutional culture of memory and scholarship across the whole university.其历史与技术博物馆以及莱斯诺耶的科学家之家，在全校范围内支撑起重视记忆与学术的浓厚机构文化。

• The Military Historical Club Our Polytech has built an electronic Memory book of staff and students who died in the Second World War and is digitising siege diaries.军事历史俱乐部「Our Polytech」编成记载二战阵亡师生名录的电子「纪念册」，并正将围城时期的日记数字化。

• Students take part in summer and winter schools, exchange programmes and Russian language studies alongside their degrees, with short-term programmes in engineering, physics and business.学生在攻读学位之余，还可参加夏季与冬季学校、交换项目以及俄语语言研修，工程、物理与商学方向亦设短期课程。

• A student design bureau and a technopark give students hands-on engineering experience beyond the lecture hall and connect them to the university's industrial partners.学生设计局与科技园让学生在课堂之外获得工程实务经验，并将他们与该校的产业伙伴相连接。

• A major sports complex and 18 dormitories, including two for international students, support a large residential student community.一座大型体育综合体与18座宿舍（含两座国际学生宿舍）支撑着庞大的住宿学生群体。

• Life in Saint Petersburg, a city of museums, theatres and white nights, is presented by the university as an integral part of the student experience.圣彼得堡作为一座拥有博物馆、剧院与白夜的城市，其生活被该校视为学生体验的有机组成部分。

• The city is also among the more affordable European student destinations, which the university cites as an advantage for its international community.该市也是欧洲较为实惠的留学目的地之一，校方将其列为其国际社群的一大利好。

Notable people

• Count Sergei Witte, Finance Minister of the Russian Empire, was the principal promoter of the institute's creation in 1899 and pressed for a civilian engineering school.俄罗斯帝国财政大臣谢尔盖·维特伯爵，是该学院1899年创建的主要推动者，并力主兴办一所民用工学院。

• Prince Andrey Gagarin became the first director of the Saint Petersburg Polytechnic Institute.安德烈·加加林公爵出任圣彼得堡理工学院的首任院长。

• Pyotr Kapitsa, who was awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics, studied and later taught at the institute.获1978年诺贝尔物理学奖的彼得·卡皮查，曾在该学院求学并其后任教。

• Nikolay Semyonov, recipient of the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, was likewise associated with the institute.1956年诺贝尔化学奖得主尼古拉·谢苗诺夫同样与该学院相关。

• Zhores Alferov, awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics, headed the institute's Physics-Technical Department.获2000年诺贝尔物理学奖的佐列斯·阿尔费罗夫领导了该学院的物理技术系。

• Abram Ioffe, known as the father of Soviet physics, founded the institute's physics seminar in 1916 and gave his name to the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute.被誉为苏联物理学之父的阿布拉姆·约费于1916年创办该学院的物理学研讨班，约费物理技术研究所即以他命名。

• Igor Kurchatov, a leading Soviet physicist and academician, is counted among the institute's notable people.苏联杰出物理学家、院士伊戈尔·库尔恰托夫被列为该学院的知名人物之一。

• Mikhail Koshkin, an alumnus, designed the T-34 tank in 1939, recognised as the best tank of the Second World War.校友米哈伊尔·科什金于1939年设计了 T-34 坦克，该坦克被视为二战中最好的坦克。

• The writer Yevgeny Zamyatin, author of the dystopian novel We, studied at the institute during the revolutionary years.反乌托邦小说《我们》的作者、作家叶夫根尼·扎米亚京在革命年代就读于该学院。

• The writer Daniil Granin was also associated with the institute, and the journalist Matt Taibbi is an alumnus.作家达尼伊尔·格拉宁亦与该学院相关，记者马特·泰比则是其校友。

• Yuri Gagarin, the first human in space, studied at the institute's associated faculties, and David Bronstein became a world-class chess grandmaster.首位进入太空的人类尤里·加加林曾在该学院相关院系学习，达维德·布龙施泰因则成为世界级国际象棋特级大师。

• Saparmurat Niyazov, later President of Turkmenistan, was another notable attendee of the institute.后来担任土库曼斯坦总统的萨帕尔穆拉特·尼亚佐夫，也是该学院的知名就读人物之一。

• Oleg Antonov, a celebrated Soviet aircraft designer, and Nikolai Polikarpov, designer of fighter aircraft, are both counted among the institute's alumni.著名苏联飞机设计师奥列格·安东诺夫与战斗机设计师尼古拉·波利卡尔波夫，均被列为该学院的校友。