Pennsylvania State University

The Pennsylvania State University, commonly known as Penn State or PSU, is a public state-related land-grant research university with campuses and facilities throughout Pennsylvania in the United States.宾夕法尼亚州立大学（The Pennsylvania State University），简称宾州州立或 PSU，是位于美国宾夕法尼亚州的一所公立州关联赠地研究型大学，在全州各地设有校区与设施。

Founded on 22 February 1855 as the Farmers' High School of Pennsylvania, it was named the state's land-grant institution in 1863 and took its present name in 1953, and it is a member of the Association of American Universities.学校于 1855 年 2 月 22 日以宾夕法尼亚农民高中之名创办，1863 年被指定为宾州赠地学院，1953 年改用现名，现为美国大学协会成员。

Its main campus, Penn State University Park, lies in State College in Centre County, and in fall 2025 the university enrolled 86,557 students, of whom 72,456 were undergraduates and 12,618 postgraduates, and it placed 92nd in the 2027 QS World University Rankings.主校区「大学公园」位于宾州中央郡州学院市，2025 年秋季全校在校学生 86557 人，其中本科生 72456 人、研究生 12618 人，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列第 92。

History

• In 1855 the United States congressman James Irvin donated 200 acres of land in Centre County for the new Farmers' High School of Pennsylvania, the first of the 10,101 acres the school eventually acquired.1855 年，美国联邦众议员詹姆斯·欧文为新建的宾夕法尼亚农民高中捐赠了中央郡的 200 英亩土地，这是学校后来共获得 10101 英亩土地的开端。

• On 22 February 1855 the Pennsylvania General Assembly designated the school a degree-granting institution, and it was initially sponsored by the Pennsylvania State Agricultural Society.1855 年 2 月 22 日，宾夕法尼亚州议会将该校定为可授予学位的机构，学校最初由宾夕法尼亚州农业协会主办。

• In 1862 the school was renamed the Agricultural College of Pennsylvania, and when the Morrill Land-Grant Act passed in 1863 Pennsylvania chose it as the state's sole land-grant college.1862 年学校更名为宾夕法尼亚农学院，1863 年美国国会通过《莫里尔赠地法案》后，宾州选定该校为全州唯一的赠地学院。

• In 1874 the name changed again to the Pennsylvania State College, and by 1875 enrolment had fallen to only 64 undergraduates as the college struggled to balance agricultural and classical studies.1874 年学校再度更名为宾夕法尼亚州立学院，到 1875 年全校本科生仅剩 64 人，学校在农学与古典学科之间举步维艰。

• In 1882 George W. Atherton became president and set about broadening the curriculum beyond agriculture, and its new engineering programme soon became one of the ten largest engineering schools in the nation.1882 年乔治·阿瑟顿出任校长，着手把课程从农学向外拓展，其新设的工程专业很快跻身全美规模最大的十所工学院之列。

• Atherton also built agricultural laboratories and a liberal arts faculty, and the college began operating as a comprehensive institution in 1887, with its first engineering school founded in 1909.阿瑟顿还建立了农业实验室与文理学院，学校于 1887 年起以综合性学院运作，并于 1909 年设立首个工程学院。

• In the twentieth century Penn State grew rapidly and became the largest grantor of bachelor's degrees in Pennsylvania, reaching 5,000 students by 1936.二十世纪学校迅速扩张，成为宾州授予学士学位最多的机构，1936 年在校学生达到 5000 人。

• During the Great Depression president Ralph D. Hetzel established a commonwealth of colleges so that students who could not afford to leave home could still study, and this system eventually grew into two dozen campuses.大萧条时期，校长拉尔夫·黑泽尔建立覆盖全州的学院网络，让无力离家求学的学生也能就读，该体系最终发展为二十余个校区。

• In 1953 president Milton S. Eisenhower, brother of the United States president Dwight D. Eisenhower, won permission to elevate the school to university status, and it assumed the name The Pennsylvania State University.1953 年，校长米尔顿·艾森豪威尔（美国总统德怀特·艾森豪威尔之弟）争取到升格为大学的许可，学校正式定名为宾夕法尼亚州立大学。

• Under his successor Eric A. Walker the university acquired hundreds of acres of surrounding land and enrolment nearly tripled, and most of its present colleges were created in this period.在其继任者埃里克·沃克任内，学校购置了数百英亩周边土地，在校人数近乎增至三倍，现今多数学院也在这一时期建立。

• In 1967 the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and its college of medicine were established in Hershey with a fifty-million-dollar gift from the Hershey Trust Company.1967 年，学校凭好时信托公司五千万美元捐赠，在赫尔希建立宾州州立赫尔希医疗中心及其医学院。

• In the 1970s Penn State became a state-related institution within the Commonwealth System of Higher Education, and in 1989 the Pennsylvania College of Technology in Williamsport became affiliated with it.二十世纪七十年代，学校成为宾州高等教育共同体内的州关联机构，1989 年威廉斯波特的宾夕法尼亚理工学院成为其附属院校。

• In 1975 the lyrics of the Penn State Alma Mater were revised to be gender-neutral in honour of International Women's Year, using verses from the autobiography of its original author Fred Lewis Pattee.1975 年，为纪念国际妇女年，学校校歌歌词改为性别中立，取材于原词作者弗雷德·帕蒂身后出版的自传。

• In 1998 the university launched Penn State World Campus, offering online degrees and certificates, building on a distance-education tradition that began with a correspondence course for farmers as early as 1892.1998 年，学校创办宾州州立世界校区，提供在线学位与证书，其远程教育传统可追溯到 1892 年为农民开设的函授课程。

• In 2000 the merger of the Dickinson School of Law, founded in 1834 and the oldest law school in Pennsylvania, with Penn State was completed, and in 2014 it was split into two accredited law schools.2000 年，创办于 1834 年、宾州最古老的法学院迪金森法学院完成与学校的合并，2014 年该法学院拆分为两所受认证的法学院。

• By 2003 the university was judged to have the second-largest economic impact of any organisation in Pennsylvania, generating more than 17 billion dollars of activity, and its Grand Destiny campaign raised over 1.3 billion dollars.到 2003 年，学校被评为对宾州经济影响第二大的机构，带动超过 170 亿美元的经济活动，其「宏愿」筹款运动共募集逾 13 亿美元。

• In 2011 the university was shaken by the child sex abuse scandal involving the former football defensive coordinator Jerry Sandusky, and coach Joe Paterno was dismissed while president Graham B. Spanier was forced to resign.2011 年，涉及前橄榄球防守协调员杰里·桑达斯基的儿童性侵丑闻震动全校，主教练乔·帕特诺被解职，校长格雷厄姆·斯帕尼尔被迫辞职。

• In 2012 the Freeh report accused senior officials of concealing the abuse, and the NCAA imposed a 60-million-dollar fine, a four-year post-season ban and scholarship cuts, and vacated football wins from 1998 to 2011.2012 年弗里报告指高层隐瞒性侵，美国大学体育协会对学校处以 6000 万美元罚款、四年禁赛与削减奖学金，并撤销 1998 至 2011 年的橄榄球胜场。

• The NCAA repealed the sanctions in 2014 after reforms, and in January 2015 all the university's football records were restored.在推行改革后，美国大学体育协会于 2014 年撤销处分，2015 年 1 月学校全部橄榄球纪录得以恢复。

• In February 2017 Timothy Piazza, a fraternity pledge, died after hazing, the Beta Theta Pi chapter was banned indefinitely, and in 2024 several of its officers pleaded guilty to hazing charges.2017 年 2 月，兄弟会新成员蒂莫西·皮亚扎在入会凌辱后死亡，贝塔西塔派分会遭无限期取缔，2024 年其数名负责人对凌辱指控认罪。

• In 2007 the board of trustees created a School of International Affairs, and in 2013 the nursing programme was granted college status as the Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing.2007 年董事会创设国际事务学院，2013 年护理项目升格为学院，即罗斯与卡罗尔·内斯护理学院。

• Seven of the nineteen Commonwealth Campuses are scheduled to close by the end of the 2027 academic year because of falling enrolment and financial pressure, a further reshaping of the multi-campus system.因招生下滑与财务压力，十九个联邦校区中有七个定于 2027 学年末关闭，多校区体系再度重塑。

Academics

• Penn State is organised into eighteen colleges, of which fourteen are at University Park alongside the Graduate School and the Division of Undergraduate Studies.学校设有十八个学院，其中十四个设在大学公园校区，另有研究生院与本科教育部。

• The colleges cover agricultural sciences, arts and architecture, business, communications, science, technology, the liberal arts, medicine, earth and mineral sciences, education, engineering, health and human development, information sciences and technology, nursing and law.各学院涵盖农业科学、艺术与建筑、商学、传播学、理学、技术、文理、医学、地球与矿产科学、教育学、工程、健康与人类发展、信息科学与技术、护理与法学。

• It also operates nineteen Commonwealth Campuses and five special-mission campuses, including two law schools and a medical school in Hershey.学校还运营十九个联邦校区与五个特别任务校区，其中包括两所法学院与设于赫尔希的医学院。

• In fall 2025 it enrolled 86,557 students, of whom 72,456 were undergraduates and 12,618 postgraduates, and it employed 8,002 academic staff.2025 年秋季全校在校学生 86557 人，其中本科生 72456 人、研究生 12618 人，另有学术教师 8002 人。

• University Park, the flagship and most selective campus, has an undergraduate acceptance rate of about 49 percent and held 42,822 undergraduates in fall 2025.旗舰校区大学公园录取最为严格，本科录取率约 49%，2025 年秋季有本科生 42822 人。

• For the 2023 entering class the university received 85,957 applications and admitted 46,605, an admit rate of 54.2 percent, with an average high-school GPA of 3.67.2023 级学校共收到 85957 份申请、录取 46605 人，录取率 54.2%，新生平均高中绩点为 3.67。

• Its freshman retention rate is 92 percent and 85 percent of students graduate within six years.学校大一学生留存率为 92%，六年内毕业率为 85%。

• Penn State is classified among R1 doctoral universities with very high research activity, and in 2021 it spent 971 million dollars on research and development, ranking 26th nationally.学校属 R1 级极高研究活动博士型大学，2021 年科研与开发支出达 9.71 亿美元，位居全美第 26。

• The Applied Research Laboratory, a partner of the United States Department of Defense since 1945, employs more than 1,000 researchers and works mainly for the United States Navy.应用研究实验室自 1945 年起与美国国防部合作，聘有一千余名研究人员，主要服务于美国海军。

• The university library system held 5.2 million volumes in 2009, along with half a million maps and five million microforms, and was ranked 14th among North American research libraries.大学图书馆系统 2009 年藏书 520 万册，另有 50 万幅地图与 500 万件缩微资料，在北美研究型图书馆中排名第 14。

• Its Radiation Science and Engineering Center houses the oldest operating university research reactor in the United States.其辐射科学与工程中心拥有美国仍在运行的最古老的大学研究反应堆。

• The College of Information Sciences and Technology is the home of CiteSeerX, an open-access scholarly search engine, and the university hosts the only freestanding graduate programme in acoustics in the country.信息科学与技术学院是开放获取学术搜索引擎 CiteSeerX 的所在，学校还设有全美唯一独立的声学研究生项目。

• The Smeal College of Business and several other units hold accreditation from AACSB International, and the university is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.斯米尔商学院等单位获国际商学院协会认证，学校整体则获中部各州高等教育委员会认证。

• It runs an accelerated Premedical-Medical Program with the Sidney Kimmel Medical College, in which students spend two or three years at Penn State before entering medical school.学校与西德尼·金梅尔医学院合办加速医学预科项目，学生先在宾州州立读两到三年再进入医学院。

• Penn State World Campus offers more than sixty online programmes and degrees, serving over twenty thousand online students.宾州州立世界校区提供六十余个在线项目与学位，服务两万余名在线学生。

• The university's research strengths include engineering, materials science, geosciences, agricultural sciences and psychology, and it has particular depth in the earth and mineral sciences.学校的研究强项包括工程、材料科学、地球科学、农业科学与心理学，尤以地球与矿产科学见长。

• It awards degrees through the College of Medicine in Hershey and through Penn State Law at University Park and Dickinson Law in Carlisle.学校通过赫尔希的医学院、大学公园的宾州州立法学院与卡莱尔的迪金森法学院授予学位。

Campus

• The main campus at University Park occupies part of State College and College Township in Centre County, in central Pennsylvania, with its own postal code 16802.主校区大学公园位于宾州中部中央郡的州学院市与学院镇，校园自有邮编 16802。

• The University Park campus covers 7,343 acres, and the university's holdings statewide total 22,484 acres.大学公园校区占地 7343 英亩，全校在宾州境内土地合计 22484 英亩。

• Penn State operates twenty-four campuses, comprising University Park, nineteen Commonwealth Campuses and five special-mission campuses.学校共运营二十四个校区，包括大学公园、十九个联邦校区与五个特别任务校区。

• Old Main, the university's main administrative building, dates from the nineteenth century and stands at the centre of the campus.学校主行政楼「老主楼」建于十九世纪，坐落于校园中心。

• Seven residential complexes serve University Park, namely East Halls, North Halls, Pollock Halls, South Halls, West Halls, Eastview Terrace and the Nittany Apartments.大学公园设有七个学生宿舍区，即东区、北区、波洛克、南区、西区、东景台与尼塔尼公寓。

• Beaver Stadium, with an official capacity of 106,572, is the second-largest stadium in the United States and the fourth-largest in the world.海狸体育场官方容量为 106572 人，是美国第二大、世界第四大体育场。

• The HUB-Robeson Center is the main student union, and the Nittany Lion Shrine, a stone sculpture of the mascot, is a campus landmark.HUB-罗比森中心是学生活动主中心，而吉祥物石雕「尼塔尼雄狮像」则是校园地标。

• The campus sits at the junction of Interstate 99 and United States Route 322, with regional air service from State College Regional Airport.校区位于 99 号州际公路与 322 号美国国道的交汇处，州学院地区机场提供支线航空服务。

• The Ag Hill Complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, and the campus also holds the Palmer Museum of Art.农山建筑群于 1979 年列入国家史迹名录，校园内还设有帕尔默艺术博物馆。

Reputation

• Penn State ranks 92nd in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, 108th in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, 91st in the 2026-2027 US News Best Global Universities and between 101st and 150th in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities.学校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中第 92，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名第 108，2026 至 2027 年度美国新闻全球最佳大学排名第 91，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名第 101 至 150 区间。^[1]

• In the United States it is placed 55th among national universities and 22nd among public universities by US News, and it is regarded as a Public Ivy.在美国国内，该校被《美国新闻与世界报道》列为全国性大学第 55、公立大学第 22，并被视为「公立常春藤」之一。

• Its research output includes 356,958 works cited 30,453,405 times in the OpenAlex database.据 OpenAlex 数据库，学校累计发表 356958 篇论著，被引用 30453405 次。

• It is a member of the Association of American Universities and a sea-grant, space-grant and sun-grant institution.学校是美国大学协会成员，同时是海洋、太空与太阳能赠款院校。

• In US News subject rankings its petroleum engineering programme is 4th, supply chain management 7th and biological and agricultural engineering 10th nationally.在《美国新闻与世界报道》学科排名中，其石油工程位列全美第 4，供应链管理第 7，生物与农业工程第 10。

• Some of its strongest graduate fields include criminology and earth sciences, both ranked 5th nationally, and rehabilitation counselling, ranked 4th.其犯罪学与地球科学均列全美第 5，康复咨询列第 4，属最强的研究生学科之列。

• The university has won 82 national collegiate team championships, including 54 NCAA titles, and its students, alumni and staff have won 74 Olympic medals, 20 of them gold.学校共夺得 82 项全国大学团体冠军，其中 54 项为美国大学体育协会冠军，师生与校友累计获得 74 枚奥运奖牌，其中金牌 20 枚。

• Penn State is regarded as the birthplace of university-level engineering education in the United States, and about one in fifty American engineers is an alumnus.学校被誉为美国大学工程教育的发源地，全美大约每五十名工程师中就有一位是该校校友。

• Its research and development spending placed it 26th in the nation, and its endowment stood at 5.06 billion dollars in 2025.学校科研支出位居全美第 26，2025 年捐赠基金规模为 50.6 亿美元。

Student life

• The motto on the university seal is Virtue, Liberty, and Independence, and the university also uses the tagline Making Life Better.校徽上的校训为「美德、自由与独立」，学校亦以「让生活更美好」为宣传口号。

• The colours are blue and white, originally black and dark pink before 1890, and the mascot is the Nittany Lion.学校代表色为蓝与白，1890 年之前原为黑与暗粉，吉祥物是尼塔尼雄狮。

• THON, the IFC and Panhellenic Dance Marathon, began in 1973 with 78 participants and is now the largest student-run philanthropy in the world, with dancers standing for 46 hours.全校性的「舞蹈马拉松」慈善活动始于 1973 年，最初仅 78 人参加，如今已是全球最大的学生自办慈善活动，参与者需连续站立 46 小时。

• THON raised a record 17.7 million dollars in 2025 for its sole beneficiary, Four Diamonds, which supports childhood cancer care and research.该活动 2025 年为其唯一受益方「四钻」募得创纪录的 1770 万美元，用于儿童癌症诊疗与研究。

• In 2014 the University Park campus recognised 864 student organisations, and roughly 12 percent of its students belong to Greek-letter societies.2014 年大学公园校区登记有 864 个学生社团，约 12% 的学生参加希腊字母兄弟会或姐妹会。

• Its main student newspaper The Daily Collegian was founded in 1904, and other outlets include the blog Onward State, founded in 2008, and the radio station WKPS 90.7 FM, founded in 1995.主要学生报纸《每日学院报》创办于 1904 年，其他媒体包括 2008 年创办的博客 Onward State 与 1995 年创办的电台 WKPS 90.7 FM。

• The student yearbook La Vie has been published continuously since 1890, and the humour magazine began as Froth in 1909.学生年鉴《生活》自 1890 年以来连续出版，幽默杂志则始于 1909 年的《浮沫》。

• The Lion's Pantry, a student-run food pantry, receives more than 8,000 food donations a year and was chosen as the class gift of 2017.学生自办的「狮子食物银行」每年收到逾 8000 份食物捐赠，并获选为 2017 届毕业赠礼。

• The campus lies in the Nittany Valley, and because of its football tradition the town of State College is nicknamed Happy Valley and swells with visitors on game days.校园坐落在尼塔尼谷中，因橄榄球传统浓厚，州学院市被称为「欢乐谷」，比赛日则涌入大量访客。

Notable people

• James Irvin, the congressman who donated the founding land in 1855, and Evan Pugh, its first president, who led from 1859 to 1864, are the two founding figures.1855 年捐出建校土地的国会议员詹姆斯·欧文与 1859 至 1864 年任职的首任校长埃文·普格，是两位创办期关键人物。

• George W. Atherton, president from 1882 to 1906, expanded the college into engineering and the liberal arts and is buried at the centre of the campus.1882 至 1906 年任校长的乔治·阿瑟顿把学校拓展到工程与文理领域，其墓地就在校园中心。

• Milton S. Eisenhower, president from 1950 to 1956, secured university status and gave the institution its present name, and Neeli Bendapudi has been president since May 2022.1950 至 1956 年任校长的米尔顿·艾森豪威尔促成学校升格并定下现名，现任校长内莉·本达普迪自 2022 年 5 月上任。

• The chemist Paul Berg, who shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on nucleic acids, graduated from Penn State in 1948.因核酸研究分享 1980 年诺贝尔化学奖的化学家保罗·伯格于 1948 年毕业于该校。

• Julius J. Epstein, who co-wrote the screenplay for Casablanca in 1942 and won three Academy Awards, edited the student humour magazine.1942 年与他人合写《卡萨布兰卡》剧本并三获奥斯卡奖的朱利叶斯·爱泼斯坦曾编辑学生幽默杂志。

• Guion Bluford, a 1964 graduate, became the first African American astronaut in space with the flight of the Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983.1964 年毕业的圭恩·布卢福德于 1983 年搭乘挑战者号航天飞机，成为第一位进入太空的非裔美国宇航员。

• Barbara Franklin, a 1962 graduate, served as United States Secretary of Commerce in 1992 and 1993, and Mark Parker, a 1978 graduate, was chief executive of Nike.1962 年毕业的芭芭拉·富兰克林于 1992 至 1993 年任美国商务部长，1978 年毕业的马克·帕克曾任耐克公司首席执行官。

• Milton Hershey, the founder of the Hershey chocolate company and its charitable trust, supported the founding of the Hershey Medical Center named after him.好时巧克力公司及其慈善信托的创办人米尔顿·好时，资助建立了以他命名的赫尔希医疗中心。

• Among Chinese-speaking alumni are the botanist Hou Xueyu, a founder of modern Chinese botany, and Ovid Tzeng, a former education minister of Taiwan who later led the University System of Taiwan.华语校友中包括中国现代植物学奠基人之一、植物学家侯学煜，以及曾任台湾教育事务主管部门负责人、后任台湾联合大学系统校长的曾志朗。

• Joe Paterno coached the football team from 1966 to 2011, recording 409 victories, the most in NCAA Division I history.乔·帕特诺于 1966 至 2011 年执教橄榄球队，取得 409 场胜利，为美国大学体育协会一级联赛历史最多。