Paris Nanterre University

Paris Nanterre University (French: Université Paris Nanterre), formerly University of Paris-X and University of Paris West, is a public research university in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine, in the western suburbs of Paris.巴黎楠泰尔大学（法文：Université Paris Nanterre）旧称巴黎第十大学与巴黎西大学，是法国上塞纳省楠泰尔市的一所公立研究型大学，位于巴黎西郊。

One of the thirteen successor universities of the University of Paris, it opened its campus in 1964, became an independent university in 1970, and is known for law, economics, philosophy and the social sciences.该校是巴黎大学十三所继承院校之一，1964 年启用校园，1970 年成为独立大学，以法学、经济学、哲学与社会科学见长。

In the QS World University Rankings 2027 it is placed in the 1201-1400 band and THE ranks it in the 1601-1800 band, while it enrols about 33,000 students on a campus beside La Défense, the business district of the Paris region.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中该校位列第 1201-1400 区间，泰晤士高等教育排名将其列入第 1601-1800 区间，现有学生约 33,000 人，校园紧邻巴黎大区商务区拉德芳斯。

History

• By the early 1960s the Sorbonne was overcrowded, and the French state built a large new campus at Nanterre as an annex of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Paris, which opened on 2 November 1964.1960 年代初索邦大学人满为患，法国政府在楠泰尔兴建大型新校园，作为巴黎大学文学院的附属机构，并于 1964 年 11 月 2 日启用。
• The campus was laid out on the western edge of Paris in the American style, as a self-contained academic city with residences, sports grounds and lecture halls, and it quickly became one of the largest teaching sites in France.校园按美国模式布局在巴黎西郊，是一座包含宿舍、运动场与讲堂的自成体系的学术城，很快成为法国规模最大的教学场所之一。
• Teaching expanded rapidly from 1965, when professors left the crowded Sorbonne for Nanterre, among them the sociologist Henri Lefebvre, who taught there from 1965 to 1968 and influenced the students who launched the May movement.1965 年起教学规模迅速扩张，许多教授离开拥挤的索邦前往楠泰尔，其中包括社会学家亨利·列斐伏尔，他于 1965 至 1968 年在此任教，并影响了后来发动五月运动的学生。
• In 1966 the philosopher Paul Ricoeur joined the teaching staff, and in 1967 Emmanuel Levinas was appointed professor of philosophy, giving the young campus an unusually strong phenomenological tradition.1966 年哲学家保罗·利科加入教师队伍，1967 年埃马纽埃尔·列维纳斯受聘为哲学教授，使这所年轻校园拥有异常雄厚的现象学传统。
• On 22 March 1968 students occupied the administration building, an episode widely treated as the opening act of the May 1968 crisis that shook the French state and its universities.1968 年 3 月 22 日学生占领行政楼，这一事件被广泛视为 1968 年五月危机的序幕，这场危机震动了法国政府与整个大学体系。
• During May 1968 Nanterre became the symbolic centre of student revolt, and the name of Daniel Cohn-Bendit, a sociology student there, became associated worldwide with the movement.1968 年五月期间，楠泰尔成为学生反抗的象征中心，该校社会学学生达尼埃尔·科恩-本迪的名字随运动传遍世界。
• The campus was closed during the upheaval, and the crisis accelerated the breakup of the University of Paris into thirteen autonomous universities under the 1968 orientation law.动荡期间校园被关闭，这场危机加速了巴黎大学根据 1968 年方向法拆分为十三所自治大学的进程。
• In December 1970 Nanterre was established as an independent university under the name University of Paris-X, with the Ville-d'Avray University Institute of Technology attached to it.1970 年 12 月，楠泰尔以巴黎第十大学之名成为独立大学，维勒达弗雷技术学院同时划归该校。
• The new university inherited the humanities and social sciences from the Sorbonne and developed law and economics alongside them, recruiting a faculty that mixed Parisian professors with younger researchers.新大学继承了索邦的人文与社会科学，并在此基础上发展法学与经济学，其师资由巴黎教授与年轻研究者共同组成。
• In 1984 the Savary law reorganised French universities into teaching and research units, and Nanterre adopted the UFR structure that still defines its academic map.1984 年萨瓦里法把法国大学重组为教学与研究单位，楠泰尔随之采用至今仍界定其学科版图的 UFR 结构。
• Decentralised branches opened at Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines in 1985 and at Cergy-Pontoise in 1989, extending the university's reach into the new towns west of Paris.该校于 1985 年在圣康坦-伊夫林、1989 年在塞尔吉-蓬图瓦兹开设分支，把影响扩展到巴黎以西的新城。
• In 1991 the Saint-Quentin branch became Versailles University and the Cergy branch became Cergy-Pontoise University, leaving Nanterre with its core campus and a specialised technology institute at Ville-d'Avray.1991 年圣康坦分支成为凡尔赛大学，塞尔吉分支成为塞尔吉-蓬图瓦兹大学，楠泰尔则保留核心校园与维勒达弗雷的技术学院。
• When France adopted the European LMD system in 2004, Nanterre restructured its degrees into bachelor, master and doctorate cycles and introduced ECTS credits across its programmes.2004 年法国采用欧洲 LMD 学制，楠泰尔把学位重组为学士、硕士与博士三阶段，并在全部课程中引入欧洲学分。
• The same year it helped launch the Nanterre Network of Franco-German summer and winter universities, which later extended to the Balkans, the Mediterranean and Latin America.同年该校参与发起法德暑期与冬季大学的楠泰尔网络，该网络后来扩展至巴尔干、地中海与拉丁美洲。
• In 2008 the institution adopted the name University of Paris West, a branding change intended to stress its location in the western Paris metropolitan area.2008 年该校采用巴黎西大学之名，这一更名旨在突出其位于巴黎西部大都市区的地理位置。
• In the 2010s the university also became a founding member of Paris Lumières University, a consortium that links it with Paris VIII and the National Centre for Scientific Research.2010 年代，该校还成为巴黎卢米埃大学的创始成员，这一联盟把它与巴黎第八大学及国家科学研究中心联系在一起。
• In 2016 it took its present name, Paris Nanterre University, and inaugurated the Max Weber Humanities and Social Sciences Centre, a new building with a lecture theatre and 124 offices.2016 年该校改用现名巴黎楠泰尔大学，并启用马克斯·韦伯人文与社会科学中心，这座新建筑包含一个阶梯教室与 124 间办公室。
• The 2016 renaming accompanied a broader consolidation of the campus, which now hosts joint research units with the National Centre for Scientific Research and with neighbouring universities.2016 年的更名伴随着校园的整体整合，如今校内设有与国家科学研究中心及邻近大学共建的联合研究单位。
• During the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 the university closed its buildings and moved teaching online, while its research laboratories continued their work remotely.2020 年新冠疫情期间，该校关闭教学楼并转为线上教学，其研究实验室则远程继续研究工作。
• Sixty years after the 1964 opening, the campus remains a byword for student politics and for a model of mass higher education that shaped universities across France.1964 年启用六十年后，这座校园仍是学生政治的代名词，也是塑造法国各地大学的大众化高等教育模式的象征。

Academics

• As one of the thirteen successor universities of Paris, Paris Nanterre is a comprehensive institution organised around teaching and research units covering law, economics, humanities, social sciences, arts and sport.作为巴黎大学的十三所继承院校之一，巴黎楠泰尔是一所综合性大学，其教学与研究单位涵盖法学、经济学、人文、社会科学、艺术与体育。
• Its academic structure includes units of law and political science, economics and management, humanities and languages, social and administrative sciences, and sciences and sport, together with the Ville-d'Avray technology institute.其学术结构包括法律与政治学、经济与管理、人文与语言、社会与行政科学、科学与体育等单元，以及维勒达弗雷技术学院。
• Law is the university's flagship field, with programmes in private law, public law, international law and political science, and a strong record of placing graduates in the magistracy and the bar.法学是该校的旗舰领域，开设私法、公法、国际法与国际关系课程，毕业生进入法官队伍与律师界的比例很高。
• Economics and management are taught alongside law, with selective master's programmes in business law, finance and public policy that recruit students from across the Paris region.经济学与管理学同法学并行发展，商法、金融与公共政策等精选硕士项目面向整个巴黎大区招生。
• The humanities faculty covers philosophy, literature, history, art history, languages and linguistics, and preserves the campus's reputation as a centre of French intellectual life.人文学院涵盖哲学、文学、历史、艺术史、语言与语言学，延续了校园作为法国思想生活中心的声誉。
• Cinema, theatre and performing arts are taught as academic disciplines as well as practical crafts, supported by the Bernard-Marie Koltès theatre and the campus cinema.电影、戏剧与表演艺术既作为学科也作为实践技艺教授，并由贝尔纳-马里·科尔泰斯剧场与校园电影院提供支持。
• Sociology, anthropology and psychology form one of the largest social-science clusters in France, with research on urban change, migration, work and public policy.社会学、人类学与心理学组成法国最大的社会科学集群之一，研究城市变迁、移民、劳动与公共政策。
• Sports science and physiology are taught with access to an Olympic-sized pool, a stadium and specialist laboratories, and attract students aiming for teaching and performance careers.体育科学与生理学课程可使用奥运标准泳池、体育场与专业实验室，吸引有志于教学与竞技职业的学生。
• The law faculty offers bilingual double degrees that combine French law with Anglo-American, Spanish, Russian, German or Italian law, a formula copied by other French universities.法学院开设双语双学位项目，把法国法与英美法、西班牙法、俄罗斯法、德国法或意大利法结合，这一模式被法国其他大学效仿。
• Similar double degrees exist in economics and management and in history, where half of the courses are taught in French and half in a partner language.经济与管理以及历史专业也设有类似双学位，其中一半课程用法语授课，另一半用合作语言授课。
• At postgraduate level the university partners with grandes écoles such as École Polytechnique, ESSEC Business School, Mines Paris and ESCP Europe, offering joint masters and research paths.在研究生阶段，该校与巴黎综合理工学院、ESSEC 商学院、巴黎矿业学院及 ESCP 欧洲商学院等精英院校合作，开设联合硕士与研究路径。
• The René Ginouvès Institute for Archaeology and Anthropology is a joint unit of the National Centre for Scientific Research, Panthéon-Sorbonne University and Paris Nanterre, and one of the largest archaeology centres in Europe.勒内·吉努韦考古与人类学研究所是国家科学研究中心、先贤祠-索邦大学与巴黎楠泰尔共建的单位，也是欧洲规模最大的考古中心之一。
• The Max Weber centre hosts conferences, doctoral seminars and visiting researchers, and serves as the university's main venue for international academic debate.马克斯·韦伯中心承办会议、博士讨论班与访问学者项目，是该校国际学术辩论的主要场所。
• Doctoral training is organised through several doctoral schools that supervise theses in law, economics, humanities, social sciences and sport, often in co-supervision with foreign universities.博士培养由若干博士学院组织，指导法学、经济学、人文、社会科学与体育领域的论文，并常与外国大学联合指导。
• Bibliometric data record about 56,025 works and 316,877 citations, a volume concentrated in the social sciences and humanities rather than in experimental science.文献计量数据记录约 56,025 项成果与 316,877 次引用，其体量集中在社会科学与人文领域，而非实验科学。
• International exchange runs through Erasmus, bilateral agreements and the Nanterre Network, which since 2004 has organised tri-national summer universities in central Europe, the Balkans and the Mediterranean.国际交流通过 Erasmus、双边协议与楠泰尔网络展开，后者自 2004 年起在中欧、巴尔干与地中海地区组织三国联合暑期大学。
• Teacher training is delivered through the National Higher Institute of Teaching and Education, which prepares students for primary and secondary teaching careers in the Paris region.教师培训由国家高等教学与教育学院承担，为巴黎大区培养小学与中学教师。
• Continuing education and apprenticeships allow working adults to obtain diplomas in law, management and social work, often in evening or part-time formats.继续教育与学徒制使在职成年人能够以夜校或非全日制方式取得法学、管理与社会工作文凭。

Campus

• The campus lies in Nanterre, about eight kilometres west of central Paris, on the edge of La Défense, the largest business district in continental Europe.校园位于楠泰尔，距巴黎市中心约八公里，紧邻欧洲大陆最大的商务区拉德芳斯。
• Built in the 1960s as a single planned campus, it is one of the largest university sites in France, with teaching blocks, residences, sports grounds and green spaces on one estate.校园建于 1960 年代，是统一规划的大型校区，也是法国面积最大的大学场所之一，教学大楼、宿舍、运动场与绿地集中于一地。
• The architecture is typical of the French mass-university years, with long concrete slabs, towers and a network of covered walkways that students use through the winter.建筑具有法国大众化大学时代的典型风格，包括长条形混凝土板楼、塔楼与冬季供学生通行的连廊网络。
• Nanterre-Université station on the RER A line connects the campus to central Paris in about fifteen minutes, and the A86 motorway and Transilien L line serve the area.RER A 线的楠泰尔大学站把校园与巴黎市中心连接起来，车程约十五分钟，A86 高速公路与 Transilien L 线也服务该地区。
• An Olympic-sized swimming pool, a stadium and a university sports centre are open to students and staff, and form the base of the university's strong sports tradition.奥运标准泳池、体育场与大学体育中心向师生开放，构成该校浓厚体育传统的基础。
• The Bernard-Marie Koltès theatre and a campus cinema host student productions, film screenings and festivals, making the campus a cultural venue for the wider city.贝尔纳-马里·科尔泰斯剧场与校园电影院承办学生演出、电影放映与节庆活动，使校园成为周边城市的文化场所。
• The Max Weber building, opened in 2016, added modern seminar rooms and offices while preserving the campus's low-rise, green character.2016 年启用的马克斯·韦伯大楼增添了现代研讨室与办公室，同时保留了校园低层化与绿意盎然的特点。
• The university library holds collections in law, economics, humanities and social sciences, and provides study places that are heavily used during examination periods.大学图书馆收藏法学、经济学、人文与社会科学文献，并提供在考试期间使用率极高的自习座位。
• Student residences, cafeterias and a health centre are located on or beside the campus, although demand for housing far exceeds the number of rooms available.学生宿舍、食堂与医疗中心位于校园内或周边，但住房需求远远超过可用房间数量。
• The Seine runs along the southern edge of Nanterre, and the campus's open lawns and trees give it a less dense feel than the nearby towers of La Défense.塞纳河沿楠泰尔南缘流过，校园开阔的草坪与树木使其比附近拉德芳斯的塔楼群显得不那么拥挤。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Paris Nanterre University is placed in the 1201-1400 band, a shared interval rather than a single position.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，巴黎楠泰尔大学位于第 1201-1400 区间（并列名次），而非单一名次。
• THE places it in the 1601-1800 band of its 2027 world ranking, a result that reflects its research profile rather than its strong reputation in law and the humanities.泰晤士高等教育 2027 年世界大学排名把该校列入第 1601-1800 区间，这一结果反映其科研体量，而非其在法学与人文领域的强势声誉。
• The university is not included in the 2026-2027 U.S. News global ranking and is therefore recorded as not entering that ranking.该校未进入 2026-2027 年度美国新闻与世界报道全球排名，因此按未进入该榜单记录。
• It does not appear in the main table of the 2026 Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, although its archaeology and anthropology units are visible in subject rankings.该校未进入 2026 年上海软科世界大学学术排名主榜，但其考古学与人类学单位在学科排名中仍有显示。
• In the QS subject rankings for arts and humanities the university is the fourth-ranked French institution, behind Panthéon-Sorbonne, Sorbonne University and PSL.在 QS 艺术与人文学科排名中，该校位列法国院校第四，排在前面的有先贤祠-索邦大学、索邦大学与巴黎文理研究大学。
• In the Shanghai subject rankings its archaeology programme is placed around 50th in the world and its anthropology programme in the 51st-100th band.在软科世界一流学科排名中，其考古学约列全球第 50 位，人类学位于第 51-100 区间。
• Law and economics give the university an outsized public profile in France, and its selective master's programmes are among the most oversubscribed in the country.法学与经济学使该校在法国拥有超出其综合排名的公众影响力，其精选硕士项目是全法报名最踊跃的项目之一。
• Its alumni include more than fifteen cabinet ministers, heads of state or government, central bank governors and business leaders, a record unmatched by most French universities of its size.其校友包括十五位以上的内阁部长、国家或政府首脑、中央银行行长与企业领袖，这一记录在同等规模的法国大学中鲜有匹敌。
• Bibliometric indicators record about 56,025 works and 316,877 citations, with strengths in sociology, philosophy, law and area studies rather than in medicine or engineering.文献计量指标记录约 56,025 项成果与 316,877 次引用，优势集中社会学、哲学、法学与区域研究，而非医学或工程。
• Its master's degree in psychology was ranked first in France for employability and professional integration in 2018, a marker of its applied social-science teaching.其心理学硕士在 2018 年法国就业能力与职业融入排名中位列第一，体现该校应用型社会科学教学的水平。

Student life

• The university enrols between 35,000 and 40,000 students in all fields, making it one of the largest student communities in the Paris region.该校各学科注册学生介于 35,000 至 40,000 人之间，是巴黎大区最大的学生群体之一。
• More than a hundred student associations cover politics, law, journalism, cinema, music, religion and international students, and most run stands during the September welcome week.百余个学生协会涵盖政治、法律、新闻、电影、音乐、宗教与国际学生，多数在九月迎新周设置展台。
• The campus has a long tradition of political debate, from the May 1968 movement to later protests against university reform, and student unions remain active in campus governance.校园拥有悠久政治辩论传统，从 1968 年五月运动到后来反对大学改革的抗议，学生会至今活跃于校园治理。
• Sports teams compete in university leagues in football, rugby, basketball, swimming and athletics, and the campus facilities are shared with local clubs.校队在足球、橄榄球、篮球、游泳与田径等大学联赛中参赛，校园设施也与当地俱乐部共用。
• Film and theatre are central to student culture, with screenings, student productions and an annual festival that use the Koltès theatre and the campus cinema.电影与戏剧是学生文化的核心，放映、学生剧目与年度节庆活动在科尔泰斯剧场与校园电影院举行。
• Housing is the main pressure point, as on-campus residences accommodate only a minority of students and private rents in Nanterre and nearby suburbs have risen sharply.住房是主要压力点，校内宿舍只能容纳少数学生，楠泰尔及附近郊区的私人房租大幅上涨。
• The RER A gives students fast access to central Paris, and many combine study with internships or part-time work in La Défense and the western business districts.RER A 线使学生快速抵达巴黎市中心，许多人把学业与拉德芳斯及西部商务区的实习或兼职结合起来。
• La Défense offers internships in law, finance, consulting and corporate communications, and the university's careers service organises recruitment fairs on campus.拉德芳斯提供法律、金融、咨询与企业传播领域的实习机会，学校就业服务处也在校园举办招聘会。
• The student body is diverse, with large numbers of students of North and West African origin and a growing international cohort from Europe, Asia and Latin America.学生群体多元，包括大量北非与西非裔学生，以及来自欧洲、亚洲与拉丁美洲的日益增多的国际学生。
• Cafes, cheap restaurants and cultural venues in Nanterre city centre extend student life beyond the campus, although the area is quieter than the Parisian Latin Quarter.楠泰尔市中心的咖啡馆、平价餐馆与文化场所把学生生活延伸到校园之外，不过这一带比巴黎拉丁区安静。

Notable people

• Emmanuel Macron, President of France since 2017, studied philosophy at Nanterre and wrote a postgraduate thesis on Machiavelli before entering the École nationale d'administration.2017 年起担任法国总统的埃马纽埃尔·马克龙曾在楠泰尔学习哲学，并在进入国家行政学院之前撰写了一篇关于马基雅维利的硕士论文。
• Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France from 2007 to 2012, took a law degree at Paris-X Nanterre before beginning his political career in Neuilly-sur-Seine.2007 至 2012 年担任法国总统的尼古拉·萨科齐在巴黎第十大学取得法学学位，随后在讷伊市开始政治生涯。
• Dominique de Villepin, Prime Minister from 2005 to 2007, is counted among the university's alumni and later followed a career in diplomacy and government.2005 至 2007 年担任法国总理的多米尼克·德维尔潘被列为该校校友，后来走上外交与政府职业道路。
• Christine Lagarde, president of the European Central Bank and former head of the IMF, studied law at Nanterre before specialising in labour law and international affairs.欧洲中央银行行长、国际货币基金组织前总裁克里斯蒂娜·拉加德曾在楠泰尔学习法律，后专攻劳动法与国际事务。
• Dominique Strauss-Kahn, former managing director of the IMF and French finance minister, studied economics and law at Nanterre and later taught there.国际货币基金组织前总裁、法国前财政部长多米尼克·斯特劳斯-卡恩曾在楠泰尔学习经济学与法学，后来还在该校任教。
• Vincent Bolloré, the industrialist and media owner, took a law degree at Nanterre and built a conglomerate spanning transport, logistics and communications.实业家与传媒所有者樊尚·博洛雷在楠泰尔取得法学学位，后来建立起横跨运输、物流与通信的企业集团。
• Katalin Novak, President of Hungary from 2022 to 2024, studied law in Budapest and Paris, and is listed among the university's international alumni.2022 至 2024 年担任匈牙利总统的卡塔琳·诺瓦克曾在布达佩斯与巴黎学习法律，被列为该校国际校友。
• Yasmina Reza, the playwright and novelist whose play Art became an international success, studied sociology and theatre at Nanterre.剧作家与小说家亚斯米娜·雷扎的代表作《艺术》在国际上大获成功，她曾在楠泰尔学习社会学与戏剧。
• Celine Sciamma, the film director known for Portrait of a Lady on Fire, studied literature at Nanterre before entering the La Fémis film school.以《燃烧女子的肖像》闻名的电影导演瑟琳·席安玛在进入法国高等电影学院之前，曾在楠泰尔学习文学。
• Maurice Allais, winner of the 1988 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, taught at Nanterre and influenced generations of French economists trained there.1988 年诺贝尔经济学奖得主莫里斯·阿莱曾在楠泰尔任教，影响了在此受训的几代法国经济学家。
• Jean Baudrillard and Paul Ricoeur both taught at Nanterre, as did Emmanuel Levinas and Henri Lefebvre, making the campus a rare concentration of postwar French thought.让·鲍德里亚与保罗·利科都曾在楠泰尔任教，埃马纽埃尔·列维纳斯与亨利·列斐伏尔亦然，使这座校园成为战后法国思想的罕见聚集地。