Ocean University of China

The Ocean University of China is a public comprehensive university in Qingdao, Shandong province, directly supervised by the Ministry of Education and included in Project 211, Project 985 and the national Double First-Class plan.中国海洋大学是山东省青岛市的一所公办综合性大学，直属于中华人民共和国教育部，入选 211 工程、985 工程与国家双一流建设计划。

Founded in 1924, the university traces its origin to the Private Qingdao University on the site of the German Bismarck Barracks, and it is best known for marine science and fishery science alongside the natural sciences, social sciences and engineering.该校始建于 1924 年，前身为设于德国俾斯麦兵营旧址的私立青岛大学，尤以海洋科学与水产学科著称，同时涵盖理学、工学、农学与人文社科等门类。

It now runs four campuses across Qingdao, enrolls tens of thousands of students, and is placed in the 801-850 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027.该校现于青岛辖有四个校区，在校生数以万计，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中列第 801-850 位。

History

• Shortly after China regained sovereignty over Shandong, the university was established on 25 October 1924 as the Private Qingdao University, financed largely by wealthy local merchants and built on the former German Bismarck Barracks.中国收回山东主权后不久，该校于 1924 年 10 月 25 日作为私立青岛大学创立，办学经费主要来自本地富商捐助，校址选定德国俾斯麦兵营旧址。

• The initiative came from Gao Enhong, the Jiao'ao commercial-port director and a former minister of education, who on 29 May 1924 convened eleven donors into the first board of trustees to raise operating funds.办学动议出自胶澳商埠督办、曾任教育总长的高恩洪，他于 1924 年 5 月 29 日召集十一位绅商组成首届校董会以筹措常年经费。

• The board named Cai Yuanpei, Zhang Boling and Huang Yanpei as honorary governors, opened enrolment simultaneously in Beijing, Nanjing, Jinan and Qingdao in August 1924, and admitted eighty preparatory students that autumn.校董会礼聘蔡元培、张伯苓、黄炎培为名誉理事，于 1924 年 8 月在北京、南京、济南、青岛四地同时招生，当年秋季录取工商预科学生八十名。

• Among that first cohort at the industry and commerce preparatory school was Luo Ronghuan, later a marshal of the People's Republic of China, while foreign-trained teachers drawn mainly from Peking University staffed the early faculties.首批工商预科学生中有后来的中华人民共和国元帅罗荣桓，早期师资多为海外归国留学生，尤以北京大学毕业生居多。

• Success proved short-lived, for after the defeat of the Zhili clique the school passed under the warlord Zhang Zongchang as part of Shandong University, and when Zhang was routed in August 1928 the institution lost its funding and suspended operations.办学旋即受挫：直系败退后学校奉系军阀张宗昌之手并入山东大学，1928 年 8 月张宗昌败逃，经费断绝，学校被迫停办。

• In 1930 it reopened as the Qingdao division of National Shandong University, a move Cai Yuanpei urged on the ground that Qingdao's climate and isolation suited a future cultural centre, with the school plaque written in his own hand.1930 年学校以国立山东大学青岛分部的形式复校，蔡元培以青岛地势气候可为文化中心为由力主迁址于此，并亲题校名。

• Cai Yuanpei recommended his former student Yang Zhensheng, then dean of arts at Tsinghua University, as the first president, and the reopened school began with a College of Literature and a College of Science.蔡元培举荐其高足、时任清华大学文学院院长的杨振声出任首任校长，复校后设文学院与理学院两院。

• The Ministry of Education renamed it National Shandong University in 1932, merging literature and science into one college while adding engineering and agriculture with civil and mechanical engineering departments.1932 年教育部将其定名为国立山东大学，文理两院合为一院，另增工学院与农工学院，工学院设土木、机械两系。

• During the early 1930s the university recruited literary and scientific figures including Lao She, Wen Yiduo, Shen Congwen, Liang Shiqiu and Hong Shen, while the physicist Wang Ganchang and the embryologist Tong Dizhou taught science there.1930 年代初校方礼聘老舍、闻一多、沈从文、梁实秋、洪深等名家，物理学家王淦昌与胚胎学家童第周亦在此教授理科。

• Enrolment reached 411 students by 1936, but after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of July 1937 the staff and students withdrew inland to Sichuan and transferred to other wartime universities.1936 年在校学生达 411 人，但 1937 年七七事变后师生内迁四川，分别转入抗战时期的其他高校。

• The university reopened in Qingdao on 25 October 1946 after the Second World War and founded the first marine and fishery research institute and the first fishery department inside any Chinese university.二战结束后学校于 1946 年 10 月 25 日在青岛复校，成立国内高校首个海洋与水产研究所及首个水产系。

• By 1949 it had 220 teachers and 1,132 students, and in 1951 it merged with Huadong University into a new Shandong University under the president Hua Gang, running five colleges with 2,366 students.至 1949 年全校教师 220 人、学生 1132 人，1951 年与华东大学合并为新的山东大学，华岗任校长，设五院，学生达 2366 人。

• The nationwide departmental readjustment of 1952 removed its engineering and agriculture colleges and rebuilt the school around literature and science into nine departments, including marine science and fisheries.1952 年全国院系调整中调出工、农两学院，学校改组为以文理为主的九系建制，含海洋系与水产系。

• Its medical school and affiliated hospital were separated in 1956 to form Qingdao Medical College, later a constituent of Qingdao University, so medicine left the campus before the later oceanography split.1956 年其医学院及附属医院独立为青岛医学院，后并入青岛大学，医学早于后来的海洋分立前退出该校。

• In October 1958 roughly two thirds of the faculty relocated to Jinan, leaving the main campus, the marine and fishery departments and part of the science staff in Qingdao under a split Shandong University arrangement.1958 年 10 月近三分之二师资迁往济南，主校园、海洋水产及地矿三系与部分文理教师留青岛，形成山东大学济青两校区并立的局面。

• The decisive reshaping came in 1959 when marine-science departments of Fudan University and Xiamen University were transferred to Qingdao and the school became the Shandong College of Oceanography, answerable directly to the central government.决定性的改组发生于 1959 年，复旦大学与厦门大学的海洋学科调入青岛，学校更名为山东海洋学院，直属中央。

• In October 1960 it was named one of thirteen national key comprehensive universities, and in the same year it enrolled China's first graduate students in physical oceanography and marine biology.1960 年 10 月该校被确定为全国 13 所重点综合大学之一，同年招收中国首批物理海洋学与海洋生物学研究生。

• The college awarded the country's first doctorate in marine science in 1985 and that same year brought to market the marine drug sodium alginate diester, the anchor of a series of ocean-derived medicines.该学院于 1985 年授予中国第一个海洋科学博士学位，同年研制上市海洋药物藻酸双脂钠，成为系列海洋糖类药物的开端。

• In January 1988 it was renamed the Ocean University of Qingdao, with the new name inscribed in the calligraphy of Deng Xiaoping, and in 1994 it came under the joint leadership of the State Education Commission and Shandong Province.1988 年 1 月更名为青岛海洋大学，校名由邓小平亲笔题写；1994 年改由国家教育委员会与山东省人民政府共建共管。

• The university was admitted to the national Project 211 in June 1997 and became one of the thirty-nine members of Project 985, securing sustained central funding as a flagship coastal institution.学校于 1997 年 6 月进入国家 211 工程，又成为 985 工程 39 所高校之一，作为沿海旗舰院校获得稳定的中央财政支持。

• In October 2002 the Ministry of Education approved its present name, the Ocean University of China, and it had already received the first doctoral discipline point in marine science in 1998 and in fisheries in 2000.2002 年 10 月教育部批准其更名为中国海洋大学，该校此前已于 1998 年获首个海洋科学博士一级学科点、2000 年获首个水产博士一级学科点。

• More recent expansion added a Sanya Marine Research Institute in May 2019 and a Shenzhen Research Institute in November 2023, and the university marked its centenary with a large ceremony on 25 October 2024.近年拓展方面，2019 年 5 月设立三亚海洋研究院、2023 年 11 月成立深圳研究院，并于 2024 年 10 月 25 日举行百年校庆大型活动。

Academics

• Teaching is divided among several colleges, and Chinese records list nineteen colleges and one basic teaching centre, while English material counts sixty-nine undergraduate programmes run in twenty-two colleges and departments.教学以学院为单位组织：中文材料记 19 个学院与 1 个基础教学中心，英文材料则称 22 个院系共开 69 个本科专业。

• As one of the first universities approved by the State Council Academic Degrees Committee, it confers bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees and is authorised to award every academic title including professor and doctoral supervisor.作为国务院学位委员会首批授权高校，它可授予学士、硕士与博士学位，并有权评定教授、博导等全部学术职称。

• The graduate portfolio covers thirteen first-level and eighty second-level doctoral programmes together with thirty-four first-level and one hundred ninety-two second-level master's programmes, supported by twelve post-doctoral research stations.研究生培养含 13 个一级、80 个二级博士点与 34 个一级、192 个二级硕士点，并设有 12 个博士后科研流动站。

• Two national key disciplines with ten sub-disciplines and twenty provincial key disciplines anchor the academic map, and eleven science and engineering fields sit inside the top one percent of the global ESI rankings.两个国家重点学科（含十个二级学科）与二十个省级重点学科构成学术主干，另有 11 个理工农医学科进入 ESI 全球前百分之一。

• The ESI top-one-percent fields span geoscience, plant and animal science, engineering, chemistry, materials, agricultural science, biology, environment, pharmacology, microbiology and computer science, showing breadth beyond the ocean core.进入 ESI 前百分之一的学科涵盖地球科学、植物与动物科学、工程、化学、材料、农业、生物学、环境、药理、微生物与计算机科学，显示海洋核心之外的广度。

• Research platforms include seven key laboratories of the Ministry of Education, nine provincial key laboratories in Shandong and four municipal key laboratories in Qingdao, plus three ministry and two provincial engineering research centres.科研平台含教育部重点实验室 7 个、山东省重点实验室 9 个、青岛市重点实验室 4 个，以及教育部工程研究中心 3 个与省级工程研究中心 2 个。

• The university leads the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, a project with an estimated one billion yuan investment, hosting two functional laboratories and joining six others as a core member.该校牵头青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室，总投资约十亿元，主持其中两个功能实验室，并以骨干力量参与其余六个实验室。

• It also runs a national base for training talent in basic research and teaching in oceanology and marine chemistry, while engineering, information and materials colleges concentrate the technical disciplines on campus.学校另设海洋科学与海洋化学基础研究及教学人才培养基地，工学院、信息学院与材料学院等则汇集校内工程技术学科。

• Marine drug research at the medical and pharmacy college yielded sodium alginate diester, the source of the only national first prize in technological invention recorded in Chinese marine and fishery science.医药学院的海洋药物研究取得藻酸双脂钠，为中国海洋与水产领域迄今唯一一项国家技术发明一等奖的成果。

• The fishery sciences descend from Zhu Shuping, who founded the university's fishery department, and Bao Zhenmin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, now leads selective breeding work in the same tradition.水产学科承自创建水产系的朱树屏，中国工程院院士包振民在同一传统下主持遗传育种研究。

• Physical oceanography traces to He Chongben, one of the founders of the field in China, and to the academicians Wen Shengchang and Feng Shizuo, both of whom taught and led the oceanography college.物理海洋学上溯到中国该学科奠基人之一赫崇本，以及曾执教并主掌相关学院的院士文圣常与冯士筰。

• Marine biology and phycology rest on Zeng Chengkui, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences who directed the Institute of Oceanology, and on the embryologist Tong Dizhou who taught in the earlier Shandong University phase.海洋生物学与海藻学奠基者为曾任海洋研究所所长的中国科学院学部委员曾呈奎，胚胎学家童第周亦在早先的山东大学时期执教。

• The university maintains some twenty-seven research institutions, among them the Institute of Marine Development, a Qingdao national marine-science research centre and the UNESCO Chinese Centre of Marine Biotechnology.全校设有约 27 个研究机构，其中海洋发展研究院、青岛海洋科学国家研究中心与联合国教科文组织中国海洋生物工程中心成果最多。

• Its academic press publishes the Journal of Ocean University of China in natural-science and social-science editions, with an English-language edition distributed internationally through Springer and indexed in major science databases.学报分自然科学与社会科学两版，英文版由施普林格代理国际发行，并被 SCI 等主要数据库收录。

• Staff counts differ by source: English pages list around 2,800 employees, while Chinese records give 3,405 staff, 1,683 full-time teachers, 455 doctoral supervisors, five members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and eight of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.师资口径因来源而异：英文页面称约 2800 人，中文材料记教职工 3405 人、专任教师 1683 人、博士生导师 455 人、中国科学院院士 5 人、中国工程院院士 8 人。

• Enrolment likewise varies between sources, English pages giving about 39,500 students and Chinese pages giving more than 25,000 full-time students, of whom over 8,300 pursue master's degrees and about 1,800 doctoral degrees.在校生数字亦因来源不同：英文页面约 39500 人，中文材料记全日制学生 2.5 万余人，其中硕士研究生逾 8300 人、博士研究生约 1800 人。

• The university has cooperative ties with over 140 universities and research institutions in more than twenty countries, of which 105 hold signed agreements, and it runs joint programmes such as the Sino-German master's initiative in marine science.该校与二十多个国家和地区逾 140 所高校及科研机构建立合作，其中 105 家已签合作协议，并开设中德海洋科学硕士联合项目等。

• It co-hosts the Sino-Australian Research Centre for Coastal Management at the University of New South Wales campus in Canberra and is an active member of the University of the Arctic network of more than two hundred institutions.它与澳大利亚新南威尔士大学堪培拉校区共建海岸管理研究中心，并为拥有二百余家机构的北极大学联盟活跃成员。

Campus

• The oldest campus, Yushan, stands at 5 Yushan Road on the former German Bismarck Barracks in the Shinan district, covering about 0.31 square kilometres and keeping early 1920s German-style architecture.历史最悠久的鱼山校区位于市南区鱼山路 5 号，即德国俾斯麦兵营旧址，占地约 0.31 平方千米，保留 1920 年代初的德式建筑。

• Yushan now houses the life-science cluster, with the marine-life, fishery, medicine and food-science colleges and the art department placed among historic buildings and Japanese-era teaching blocks.鱼山校区现承载生命科学集群，海洋生命学院、水产学院、医药学院、食品科学与工程学院及艺术系散布于德占旧址与日占时期教学楼之间。

• The small Fushan campus on 23 East Xianggang Road was built in the 1990s, but most of its colleges moved to Laoshan between 2008 and 2010, leaving it to continuing education and some laboratories.较小的浮山校区位于香港东路 23 号，始建于 20 世纪 90 年代，多数学院已在 2008 至 2010 年间迁往崂山，现仅余继续教育学院与部分实验室。

• Laoshan campus at the foot of Mount Lao became the main campus when new students moved in during autumn 2006, covering about 1.21 square kilometres and hosting the largest cluster of colleges and a full sports complex.坐落于崂山脚下的崂山校区自 2006 年秋季新生入驻后成为主校区，占地约 1.21 平方千米，集中了最多学院与完整的体育设施。

• A fourth campus, the West Coast marine science and technology park in the Qingdao West New Area, occupies about 2,800 mu near the Guzhekou civil-military demonstration zone, with the first phase planned for 2021.第四个校区为西海岸新区的海洋科教创新园区，地处古镇口军民融合示范区附近，占地约 2800 亩，一期工程规划于 2021 年完工。

• The West Coast site is planned for about 1.77 million square metres of floor space, a capacity of twenty thousand students and two thousand staff, and will absorb the information, engineering, food and materials colleges.西海岸校区规划地上建筑面积约 177 万平方米，容纳在校生 2 万人、教职工 2000 人，将承接信息、工程、食品与材料等学院。

• Taken together the Qingdao campuses cover a combined area of more than 733,000 square metres with some 230,000 square metres of floor space, and the university is mapped near latitude 36.06 and longitude 120.38.各校区合计占地逾 73.3 万平方米、建筑面积约 23 万平方米，学校坐标约为北纬 36.06、东经 120.38。

• Offshore teaching rests on four research vessels, the 5,000-ton Dongfanghong 3, the ninety-six-metre 3,500-ton Dongfanghong 2, the 300-ton supply ship Angel 1 and the 2,600-ton geological survey vessel Haida.海上教学依托四艘科考船，即 5000 吨级的东方红 3 号、长九十六米 3500 吨级的东方红 2 号、300 吨级的天使 1 号补给船与 2600 吨级的地质地球物理调查船海大号。

• The library spans the Yushan and Laoshan campuses with roughly 52,000 square metres and more than 4,000 reading seats, holding some 2.5 million print volumes, over five million electronic items and 303 databases.图书馆分设于鱼山与崂山校区，建筑面积约 5.2 万平方米、阅览座位 4000 余个，藏有纸质文献约 250 万册、电子书刊逾 500 万册、数据库 303 个。

Reputation

• The QS World University Rankings 2027 place the Ocean University of China in the 801-850 band, the ranking position on which this bilingual entry is written.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，中国海洋大学被列入第 801-850 位，本双语条目即据此档位收录。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 rank the university in the 601-650 band, a markedly stronger placement than its overall QS position for the same year.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校列入第 601-650 位，明显优于同年其 QS 总榜名次。

• In the 2026-2027 edition of the US News Best Global Universities ranking the university is listed at 425 worldwide, giving a third independent view of its international standing.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校列全球第 425 位，提供第三种独立的国际评价。

• The 2026 Shanghai Ranking Academic Ranking of World Universities places it in the 201-300 band, the strongest of its four major global league tables for the current cycle.在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中，该校列入第 201-300 位，是本轮四份世界主榜中最高的名次。

• Subject-level standing shows eleven fields inside the top one percent of the global ESI indicators, and the 2025 Shanghai ranking had already set the university at 301-400 worldwide and fifty-sixth nationally in China.学科维度上 11 个学科进入 ESI 全球前百分之一，2025 年软科排名已将其列为全球 301-400、全国第 56 位。

• Regionally, the QS Asia University Rankings placed the university at 297 in 2025, while its marine and oceanography strengths keep it among the leading coastal research universities of East Asia.区域层面，2025 年 QS 亚洲大学排名将该校列第 297 位，其海洋学科优势使其跻身东亚顶尖沿海研究型大学之列。

• Its measurable research base is recorded in the library's 2.5 million print volumes and 303 databases, in the dozen colleges and twelve post-doctoral stations, and in the one billion yuan investment behind its national marine laboratory.可量化的科研基线见于图书馆 250 万册纸本与 303 个数据库、十余个学院与 12 个博士后流动站，以及国家海洋实验室约十亿元的投入。

• Since the 2011-2015 plan period the university has led over 1,100 national-level research projects, filed 1,704 invention patents and been granted 918 of them, including twenty-six international patents.自十二五以来该校主持国家级科研项目 1100 余项，申请发明专利 1704 项、获授权 918 项，其中国际发明专利 26 项。

• The single hardest honour count is the national first prize in technological invention, unique in Chinese marine and fishery science, alongside fourteen academicians and three State Oceanic Administration directors among its graduates.最硬的荣誉计数是国家技术发明一等奖，为中国海洋与水产领域所仅有；毕业生中另有两院院士 14 人、国家海洋局局长 3 任。

Student life

• The school motto reads that the sea admits a hundred rivers and that following the standard carries one far, while the published academic guideline stresses unity, diligence, practicality and creativity in shaping campus discipline.校训为「海纳百川，取则行远」，校风则强调「团结、勤奋、求实、创新」，用以塑造校园学风与纪律。

• The university emblem uses blue as its main colour to echo the sea, combining sky and wave motifs, the founding date set above, and the Chinese and English names arranged in a matching outer ring.校徽以蓝色为主色呼应海洋，构图为蓝天与海浪，上方标注建校年份，中英文校名在外圆上下呼应。

• Official development goals set the target of a world-class comprehensive marine university by 2030 and a distinctive world-class university by the middle of the century, framing student ambition around the ocean mission.学校确立到 2030 年建成世界一流综合性海洋大学、到本世纪中叶建成特色鲜明的世界一流大学的目标，学生的抱负亦围绕海洋使命展开。

• Campus life at the Laoshan main site is served by a gymnasium, a stadium, a swimming hall, an engineering-training centre and more than a dozen dining halls grouped into south, north and east quarters.崂山主校区设有体育馆、田径场、游泳馆与工程训练中心，另有分属南区、北区、东区的十余个餐厅服务校园生活。

• The student body includes about 900 foreign students among the enrolled population, and international conferences on marine science and related subjects are held at a regular cadence on campus.在校生中约 900 名为外国留学生，海洋科学及相关主题的国际会议在校内按固定节奏定期举办。

• An Audio-Visual Education Centre, a Computer Centre and an Analysis and Testing Centre support daily study, and the campus network links more than 3,000 user terminals to the national CERNET grid.学校的现代教育技术中心、计算机中心与分析测试中心支撑日常学习，校园网 3000 余个用户终端接入中国教育和科研计算机网。

• Among graduates fourteen have been elected to the two national academies and three have served as directors of the State Oceanic Administration, giving the alumni network a strong presence in marine policy.毕业生中已有 14 人当选两院院士、3 人出任国家海洋局局长，使校友网络在海洋政策领域拥有很强的存在感。

• More than half of the seventy-five Chinese scientists who joined the country's first Antarctic expedition were alumni of the university, a record the student community still marks through polar-research activities.参加中国首次南极考察的 75 位科学家中一半以上是该校毕业生，这一记录至今仍由学生在极地科研活动中传承。

Notable people

• The founding figure is Gao Enhong, a late-Qing and early-republic politician from Penglai who had served as minister of education and directed the 1924 establishment of the Private Qingdao University.创办者为高恩洪，这位清末民初蓬莱籍政治人物曾任教育总长，主持于 1924 年创设私立青岛大学。

• Its most famous early student was Luo Ronghuan, the marshal of the People's Republic who enrolled in the 1924 industry and commerce preparatory class before turning to a military and political career.最早的著名学生是罗荣桓，这位中华人民共和国元帅曾就读于 1924 年工商预科，其后投身军政生涯。

• The literary faculty of the National Shandong University years included Lao She, Shen Congwen, Wen Yiduo, Liang Shiqiu and Wang Tongzhao, and the dramatist Hong Shen headed the foreign-language department.国立山东大学时期的文科教师群包括老舍、沈从文、闻一多、梁实秋、王统照，剧作家洪深则出任外文系主任。

• Cai Yuanpei shaped the decision to move the university to Qingdao and wrote its plaque, while the first president Yang Zhensheng was a novelist and educator trained in the United States.蔡元培主导了学校迁址青岛的决策并亲题校牌，首任校长杨振声则是留美归来的小说家与教育家。

• Scientists who taught there include the nuclear physicist Wang Ganchang, the embryologist Tong Dizhou, the geneticist Fang Zongxi and the theoretical physicist Shu Xingbei, remembered as the physics mentor of Tsung-Dao Lee.曾在此任教的科学家有核物理学家王淦昌、胚胎学家童第周、遗传学家方宗熙，以及被誉为李政道物理启蒙老师的理论物理学家束星北。

• Marine-era academicians include the oceanographers Wen Shengchang and Feng Shizuo, the fisheries breeder Bao Zhenmin, the protozoologist Song Weibo, the marine scientist Zhang Cai and the water-treatment expert Gao Congjie.海洋大学时期的院士包括物理海洋学家文圣常、冯士筰，水产育种专家包振民，生物学家宋微波，海洋学家张偲与水处理专家高从堦。

• Guan Huashi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering behind the marine drug sodium alginate diester, served as president from 1993 to 2005 across the Qingdao and China names.中国工程院院士管华诗是海洋药物藻酸双脂钠研发的核心人物，1993 至 2005 年间先后以青岛海洋大学与中国海洋大学校长身份主政。

• The writer Wang Meng is a professor and honorary dean of the literature college, and the 2012 Nobel laureate in literature Mo Yan is one of twelve writers appointed to campus under a writer-in-residence scheme.作家王蒙任教授及文学与新闻传播学院名誉院长，2012 年诺贝尔文学奖得主莫言是该校受聘的十二位驻校作家之一。

• No Nobel, Turing or Fields prize winner in the sciences is recorded among the university's staff, so its honours rest on the members of the two national academies and on its writer-in-residence appointments.该校教师中未见自然科学领域的诺贝尔奖、图灵奖或菲尔兹奖得主，其荣誉主要建立在两院院士与驻校作家两类聘任之上。