Notre Dame University–Louaize

Notre Dame University–Louaize (NDU) is a private Catholic university in Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, about 15 kilometres north of Beirut, and it was founded in 1978 as the Louaize College for Higher Education.黎巴嫩圣母大学（英文：Notre Dame University–Louaize，简称 NDU）是黎巴嫩祖克莫斯科贝的一所私立天主教大学，位于贝鲁特以北约 15 公里处，1978 年以卢瓦兹高等教育学院之名创办。

The university is owned by the Maronite Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary, follows the American liberal-arts model, and offers 76 major fields of study across seven faculties on three campuses.该校由马龙派圣母无染原罪会所有，采用美国式博雅教育模式，在三个校区的七个学院中开设 76 个专业方向。

NDU is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education and recognised by the Lebanese Ministry of Education and Higher Education, and it is placed in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027.该校获得新英格兰高等教育委员会认证，并获黎巴嫩教育与高等教育部的承认，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中处于第 1201-1400 位区间。

History

• The Maronite Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary, known by its Latin initials OMM, was founded in 1695 and has treated education as a central part of its mission for more than three centuries.马龙派圣母无染原罪会（拉丁文缩写 OMM）成立于 1695 年，三个多世纪以来一直把教育视为其使命的核心部分。
• The Lebanese Civil War broke out in 1975, and the college that became NDU was planned and opened while the country was still divided by fighting.黎巴嫩内战于 1975 年爆发，后来成为黎巴嫩圣母大学的这所学院正是在国家仍陷于战火分裂之时筹划并开办的。
• In 1978 the Order launched the project, and Reverend Bechara Boutros Rahi founded the Louaize College for Higher Education in cooperation with Beirut University College.1978 年，修会启动该项目，贝沙拉·布特罗斯·拉伊神父与贝鲁特大学学院合作创办了卢瓦兹高等教育学院。
• Beirut University College, the partner in that venture, was renamed the Lebanese American University in 1994, by which time Louaize had already become an independent university.当年参与创办的贝鲁特大学学院于 1994 年更名为黎巴嫩美国大学，而那时卢瓦兹已经是一所独立大学。
• The college took the name Louaize from the locality in the Keserwan district where the Maronite Order had its land, and the first campus overlooked the Dog River valley.学院之名「卢瓦兹」取自凯斯尔万区的地名，马龙派修会在此拥有土地，第一座校区俯瞰狗河谷。
• On 14 August 1987 President Amine Gemayel signed Decree 4116, which granted the institution the right to operate as an independent university.1987 年 8 月 14 日，黎巴嫩总统阿明·杰马耶勒签署第 4116 号法令，授予该校作为独立大学办学的权利。
• The institution adopted its present name, Notre Dame University–Louaize, in 1987 and reorganized its programmes on the American model of undergraduate and graduate degrees.该校于 1987 年改用现名黎巴嫩圣母大学，并按美国式本科与研究生学位模式重组了课程。
• The civil war ended in 1990, and the following decade of reconstruction allowed the university to build a permanent campus and expand its intake beyond the Beirut suburbs.内战于 1990 年结束，此后的重建十年使该校得以建设永久校区，并把招生范围扩展到贝鲁特郊区以外。
• The first phase of the Zouk Mosbeh construction project was completed in the summer of 1997 and provided 100,000 square metres of floor space for administration, classrooms and laboratories.祖克莫斯科贝建设工程一期于 1997 年夏完工，提供 10 万平方米建筑面积，用于行政、教室与实验室。
• That first phase also housed the library, the museum, the computer centre and the restaurant, while later phases added faculty residences, student dormitories, a theatre and parking areas.一期还包括图书馆、博物馆、计算机中心与餐厅，后续阶段则增建了教师公寓、学生宿舍、剧场与停车区。
• Two regional campuses followed, the North Lebanon Campus in Barsa, El Koura, and the Shouf Campus in Deir el-Kamar, extending the university's reach into the mountains north and south-east of Beirut.此后又设立两个地区校区，即位于库拉区巴尔萨的北黎巴嫩校区与位于代尔卡马尔的舒夫校区，把学校的影响扩展到贝鲁特以北及东南山区。
• The college took its name from Louaize, the locality where the Maronite Order's land lies, and the old campus there later became the home of the School of Continuing Education and its library.学院之名取自马龙派修会土地所在的卢瓦兹，当地旧校区后来成为继续教育学院及其图书馆的所在地。
• By 2007 the university was ranked fifth among Lebanese universities, a position it cited as evidence that its American-style degrees had gained national recognition.到 2007 年，该校在黎巴嫩大学中排名第五，校方以此作为其美式学位获得全国认可的证据。
• Reverend Bechara Boutros Rahi, the founder, was elected Maronite Patriarch of Antioch in 2011, the first head of the Maronite Church to have led the institution he helped create.创办人贝沙拉·布特罗斯·拉伊神父于 2011 年当选安条克马龙派宗主教，成为首位曾执掌自己所创办机构的马龙派教会领袖。
• The university states that its mission is to form students in the Catholic and Maronite tradition while admitting people of all religions, races and genders.该校申明其使命是在天主教与马龙派传统中培养学生，同时接纳不同宗教、种族与性别的学生。
• Lebanon's financial crisis, which began in 2019, put pressure on private universities as the currency collapsed and families struggled to pay tuition denominated in dollars.黎巴嫩金融危机始于 2019 年，随着本币崩溃、家庭难以支付以美元计价的学费，私立大学普遍承受压力。
• In 1982 Amine Gemayel was elected president of Lebanon, and five years later his decree gave the college the legal status of a university.1982 年阿明·杰马耶勒当选黎巴嫩总统，五年后正是他签署的法令使这所学院获得了大学的法律地位。
• NDU was ranked 923rd in the 2024 edition of the QS World University Rankings, before falling into the 1201-1400 band in the 2027 edition of the same table.该校在 2024 年版 QS 世界大学排名中首次上榜并位列第 923 位，随后在同一榜单的 2027 年版中落入第 1201-1400 位区间。
• The university has grown from a single college building into a multi-campus institution with more than 26,000 alumni, while remaining owned and governed by the Maronite Order.该校从一栋学院建筑发展为拥有三个校区、逾 2.6 万名校友的机构，同时仍由马龙派修会所有并管理。

Academics

• NDU is organised into seven faculties, covering architecture, art and design, business administration and economics, humanities, engineering, natural and applied sciences, nursing and health sciences, and law and political science.该校设七个学院，涵盖建筑、艺术与设计，工商管理与经济学，人文，工程，自然科学与应用科学，护理与健康科学，以及法律与政治学。
• The Ramez G. Chaghoury Faculty of Architecture, Arts and Design contains departments of architecture, design and music and is named after a Lebanese-Nigerian businessman and donor.拉梅兹·加古里建筑、艺术与设计学院下设建筑系、设计系与音乐系，学院以黎巴嫩裔尼日利亚商人、捐赠人拉梅兹·加古里命名。
• The Faculty of Business Administration and Economics has departments of economics, accounting and finance, management and marketing, and hospitality and tourism management, and is a member of the European Council for Business Education.工商管理与经济学院下设经济学、会计与金融、管理与营销、酒店与旅游管理四个系，并且是欧洲商业教育理事会的成员。
• The Faculty of Humanities includes English and translation, psychology, education and physical education, media studies, and religious, cultural and philosophical studies.人文学院包括英语与翻译、心理学、教育与体育、媒体研究，以及宗教、文化与哲学研究等系。
• The Faculty of Engineering offers civil and environmental, electrical, computer and communication, and mechanical engineering, while the Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences covers computer science, mathematics and statistics, physics and astronomy.工程学院开设土木与环境、电气、计算机与通信以及机械工程；自然科学与应用科学学院则涵盖计算机科学、数学与统计、物理与天文。
• The Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences and the Faculty of Law and Political Science, with its departments of law and of government and international relations, complete the academic structure.护理与健康科学学院以及下设法律系、政府与国际关系系的法律与政治学院，构成了该校学术体系的其余部分。
• NDU offers 76 major fields of study at undergraduate and graduate level, together with minor programmes, and all degrees are recognised by the Lebanese Ministry of Education and Higher Education.该校在本科与研究生层次共开设 76 个专业方向，并提供辅修项目，所有学位均获黎巴嫩教育与高等教育部承认。
• The university was accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education, the regional accreditor for New England, which also reviews institutions outside the United States.该校获得新英格兰高等教育委员会认证，该委员会是新英格兰地区的院校认证机构，也对美国以外的院校进行评审。
• The seven faculties run laboratories, design studios and teaching clinics on the Zouk Mosbeh campus, using the computer centre and science buildings completed in the 1997 phase.七个学院在祖克莫斯科贝校区运营实验室、设计工作室与教学诊所，使用 1997 年一期工程建成的计算机中心与理科楼。
• NDU follows the American system of education, with a general-education component, credit hours and a liberal-arts requirement that distinguishes it from the French-influenced Lebanese public system.该校采用美国教育体系，设有通识教育模块、学分制与博雅课程要求，这使其区别于受法国影响的黎巴嫩公立体系。
• The university's QS profile records 511 international students, a figure that reflects its recruitment of students from the Lebanese diaspora and from neighbouring Arab states.该校在 QS 档案中记录有 511 名国际学生，这一数字反映出它从黎巴嫩侨民社群与周边阿拉伯国家招收学生的规模。
• The Zouk Mosbeh campus was designed to accommodate approximately 8,000 students, and its built area of 34,000 square metres makes it one of the largest private campuses in Lebanon.祖克莫斯科贝校区按容纳约 8000 名学生设计，已建成面积达 3.4 万平方米，是黎巴嫩最大的私立大学校区之一。
• The Center for Applied Research in Education supports teacher training and school research, while the Lebanese Emigration Research Center studies migration and the Lebanese diaspora.教育应用研究中心支持教师培训与学校研究，黎巴嫩移民研究中心则研究移民与黎巴嫩侨民社群。
• NDU Press publishes scholarly books and the Institute of Lebanese Thought promotes research on Lebanese history, culture and public life, and the Center for Research on Sustainable Development addresses environmental policy.黎巴嫩圣母大学出版社出版学术著作，黎巴嫩思想研究所推动黎巴嫩历史、文化与公共生活研究，可持续发展研究中心则关注环境政策。
• The Benedict XVI Endowed Chair supports teaching and research in theology and Maronite heritage, and the university maintains an Office of International Relations to manage partnerships abroad.本笃十六世讲席教授职位支持神学与马龙派遗产的教学与研究，该校还设有国际关系办公室管理海外合作。
• The NDU Libraries comprise the Mariam and Youssef Library at Zouk Mosbeh and branch libraries at the North Lebanon, Shouf and old Zouk Mosbeh campuses.该校图书馆系统由祖克莫斯科贝的玛丽亚姆与优素福图书馆，以及北黎巴嫩、舒夫与旧祖克莫斯科贝校区的分馆组成。
• The libraries are a founding member of the Lebanese Academic Library Consortium and the Lebanese Inter-library Loan and Document Delivery Services Consortium, and they hold OCLC symbol LENOT.该馆是黎巴嫩学术图书馆联盟与黎巴嫩馆际互借及文献传递服务联盟的创始成员，其 OCLC 代码为 LENOT。
• NDU competes for students with the Lebanese University, the country's only public university, and with private institutions such as Saint Joseph University and the Holy Spirit University of Kaslik.该校与黎巴嫩唯一的公立大学黎巴嫩大学，以及圣约瑟夫大学、圣灵大学等私立院校争夺生源。
• Research collections include the Benedict XVI Endowed Chair Library, the Center for Applied Research in Education Library, the Institute of Lebanese Thought Library and the Lebanese Francophonie Literature Collection.研究馆藏包括本笃十六世讲席图书馆、教育应用研究中心图书馆、黎巴嫩思想研究所图书馆以及黎巴嫩法语文学特藏。

Campus

• The main campus stands on land granted by the Maronite Order in Zouk Mosbeh, a coastal town in the Keserwan district about 15 kilometres north of Beirut.主校区位于祖克莫斯科贝，这片土地由马龙派修会捐出，地处凯斯尔万区沿海，距贝鲁特以北约 15 公里。
• The campus overlooks the Dog River valley, the gorge of the Nahr al-Kalb where ancient empires carved commemorative inscriptions into the rock.校区俯瞰狗河谷，即纳赫尔卡勒布峡谷，古代多个帝国曾在此岩壁上刻下纪功铭文。
• The first construction phase, finished in 1997, delivered 100,000 square metres of floor space, and the built area now totals 34,000 square metres on the main site.一期工程于 1997 年完成，交付 10 万平方米建筑面积，目前主校区已建成面积为 3.4 万平方米。
• The campus includes a museum, a theatre, computer laboratories, a restaurant and faculty residences, and it was planned to accommodate about 8,000 students.校区内设博物馆、剧场、计算机实验室、餐厅与教师公寓，规划容量约为 8000 名学生。
• The dormitory complex has separate female and male wings and can house more than 400 students, a feature that supports recruitment from outside the Keserwan region.宿舍楼分设男女两翼，可容纳 400 多名学生，这一设施支持学校从凯斯尔万以外地区招生。
• The North Lebanon Campus in Barsa, El Koura, and the Shouf Campus in Deir el-Kamar extend the university into two mountain regions with their own libraries and classrooms.位于库拉区巴尔萨的北黎巴嫩校区与位于代尔卡马尔的舒夫校区把大学延伸到两个山区，各设图书馆与教室。
• The old Zouk Mosbeh campus houses the School of Continuing Education and its library, while the main Mariam and Youssef Library serves the faculties on the new site.旧祖克莫斯科贝校区设有继续教育学院及其图书馆，主校区的玛丽亚姆与优素福图书馆则服务新校区各学院。
• The campus sits between the Mediterranean coast and the wooded slopes of Mount Lebanon, a few kilometres from the Jeita Grotto and the resort town of Jounieh.校区位于地中海海岸与黎巴嫩山林木山坡之间，距杰伊塔溶洞与度假城镇朱尼耶只有数公里。
• The campus is reached by the coastal highway from Beirut, and its hillside position gives views over the Mediterranean and the Dog River gorge.校区经贝鲁特沿海公路抵达，其山坡位置可俯瞰地中海与狗河峡谷。

Reputation

• NDU is placed in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, the ranking used as the entry point for this article.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，黎巴嫩圣母大学位于第 1201-1400 位区间，这也是本文采用的排名口径。
• In the 2026 edition of the QS table the university was placed in the 1001-1200 band, one band above its 2027 position and below its 2024 rank of 923rd.在 2026 年版 QS 榜单中，该校位于第 1001-1200 位区间，比 2027 年的位置高出一档，但低于 2024 年的第 923 位。
• In the 2024 QS edition the university was ranked 923rd, so its 2027 position represents a fall of roughly 300 places in the same table.在 2024 年版 QS 排名中该校列第 923 位，因此其 2027 年位置意味着在同一榜单上下降了约 300 位。
• NDU did not enter the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, so no THE rank is recorded for it in this entry.该校未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，因此本条目不记录其泰晤士名次。
• It also did not enter the 2026-2027 U.S. News global universities list, and no U.S. News rank is recorded for the university.该校同样未进入 2026-2027 年度 U.S. News 全球大学榜单，本条目不记录其 U.S. News 名次。
• The university did not enter the main table of the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, so no ARWU rank is recorded for it.该校未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜，因此本条目不记录其软科名次。
• OpenAlex attributes 1,876 works and 58,119 citations to NDU, modest totals that reflect a teaching-intensive private university rather than a large research producer.OpenAlex 记录该校有 1876 项研究成果与 58,119 次引用，这一规模反映出它是一所以教学为主的私立大学，而非大型科研产出机构。
• A 2007 assessment ranked NDU fifth among Lebanese universities, and the university still presents itself as one of the country's leading private institutions.2007 年的一项评估将该校列为黎巴嫩大学第五位，校方至今仍以本国领先私立高校之一自居。
• Its American accreditation through NECHE is unusual among Lebanese universities and allows graduates to present degrees modelled on the United States system.通过新英格兰高等教育委员会获得的美国认证在黎巴嫩高校中较为少见，使毕业生能够出示按美国体系设计的学位。
• NDU is one of the few Lebanese universities holding American regional accreditation, a group that also includes the American University of Beirut and the Lebanese American University.该校是少数持有美国区域认证的黎巴嫩大学之一，同样获得此类认证的还有贝鲁特美国大学与黎巴嫩美国大学。
• NDU belongs to the International Federation of Catholic Universities, the Federation of Arab Universities, the Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities and the International Association of Universities.该校是国际天主教大学联合会、阿拉伯大学联合会、天主教院校协会与国际大学协会的成员。

Student life

• The university motto is Gaudium de Veritate, Latin for joy in the truth, a phrase that frames its Catholic intellectual mission.该校校训为「Gaudium de Veritate」，即拉丁语「在真理中喜乐」，这句话界定了其天主教知识使命。
• Campus ministry nurtures the faith of students, faculty and staff and encourages the community to live out the Gospel, while the university admits students of all confessions.校园牧灵工作培育学生、教师与员工的信仰，鼓励社群践行福音，同时学校招收不同教派的学生。
• The dormitory complex houses more than 400 students in separate female and male wings, and resident students come from across Lebanon as well as from abroad.宿舍楼以男女分翼的方式容纳 400 多名学生，住宿生来自黎巴嫩各地以及海外。
• Each November the university holds an international film festival that screens short fiction, documentary and animated films by young filmmakers.每年 11 月，该校举办国际电影节，放映青年电影人的虚构、纪录与动画短片。
• The festival is intended to promote emerging directors and has become one of the university's public cultural events, open to audiences beyond its own students.电影节旨在扶持新锐导演，已成为该校面向校外公众的文化活动之一。
• The Mariam and Youssef Library is open to all users, but borrowing privileges are restricted to NDU faculty, students, staff and alumni.玛丽亚姆与优素福图书馆向所有人开放，但借阅权限仅限该校教师、学生、员工与校友。
• Students organise academic and cultural activities through the faculties and the Lifelong Learning Center, which also offers continuing education to working adults.学生通过各学院与终身学习中心组织学术与文化活动，后者还为在职成年人提供继续教育。
• Its position on the coastal highway lets students commute from Beirut, Jounieh and Byblos, and the campus is within about 30 kilometres of all three cities.校区位于沿海公路旁，学生可从贝鲁特、朱尼耶与比布鲁斯通勤，这三座城市距校园均在约 30 公里以内。
• The alumni office maintains chapters in Lebanon and among the Lebanese diaspora, and the university counts its graduates as one of its principal assets.校友办公室在黎巴嫩本土与黎巴嫩侨民社群中设有分会，学校把毕业生视为最重要的资产之一。
• The university's 26,000 alumni form a network that supports admissions, internships and fundraising, and graduates are concentrated in Lebanese business, media, design and law.该校 2.6 万名校友构成支持招生、实习与筹款的网络，毕业生集中于黎巴嫩的商业、媒体、设计与法律行业。

Notable people

• Bechara Boutros Rahi founded the Louaize College for Higher Education in 1978, served as its president for six years and was elected Maronite Patriarch of Antioch in 2011.贝沙拉·布特罗斯·拉伊于 1978 年创办卢瓦兹高等教育学院，担任院长六年，并于 2011 年当选安条克马龙派宗主教。
• Amine Gemayel, president of Lebanon from 1982 to 1988, signed Decree 4116 on 14 August 1987, the act that gave NDU the right to operate as a university.阿明·杰马耶勒在 1982 年至 1988 年任黎巴嫩总统，他于 1987 年 8 月 14 日签署第 4116 号法令，使该校获得作为大学办学的权利。
• Ramez G. Chaghoury, a Lebanese-Nigerian businessman and philanthropist, gave his name to the Faculty of Architecture, Arts and Design, which trains architects and designers for the region.拉梅兹·加古里是黎巴嫩裔尼日利亚商人、慈善家，建筑、艺术与设计学院以他命名，为地区培养建筑师与设计师。
• The Mariam and Youssef Library commemorates two donors whose gift helped equip the main campus library at Zouk Mosbeh.玛丽亚姆与优素福图书馆纪念两位捐赠人，他们的捐赠帮助装备了祖克莫斯科贝主校区图书馆。
• The Benedict XVI Endowed Chair honours Pope Benedict XVI and supports scholarship on theology, interfaith relations and Maronite heritage.本笃十六世讲席教授职位以教宗本笃十六世命名，支持神学、宗教间关系与马龙派遗产研究。
• The university counts more than 26,000 living alumni, and its alumni network supports admissions, internships and fundraising for the institution.该校有 2.6 万多名在世校友，其校友网络为学校提供招生、实习与筹款支持。
• NDU's faculty include scholars in engineering, nursing, law and the natural sciences who supervise graduate research and publish through NDU Press.该校教师包括工程、护理、法律与自然科学领域的学者，他们指导研究生研究并通过黎巴嫩圣母大学出版社发表成果。