Northwestern University

Northwestern University is a private research university founded in 1851 and located primarily in Evanston, Illinois, on the shore of Lake Michigan north of Chicago.西北大学是一所创立于 1851 年的私立研究型大学，主校区位于芝加哥以北密歇根湖畔的伊利诺伊州埃文斯顿市。

It is a founding member of the Big Ten Conference and the Association of American Universities, and in the QS World University Rankings 2027 it is placed 45th in the world.该校是十大联盟与美国大学协会的创始成员，并在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列世界第 45 位。

In 2024 Northwestern enrolled about 23,000 students, with more than 9,000 undergraduates and over 14,000 graduate and professional students, and held an endowment of 15.3 billion dollars.2024 年西北大学约有 23,000 名学生，其中本科生逾 9,000 人、研究生与专业学位学生逾 14,000 人，并持有 153 亿美元捐赠基金。

History

• In 1850 leaders of the Methodist Episcopal Church resolved to found a university to serve the Northwest Territory, and the institution was chartered by the Illinois state legislature on 28 January 1851.1850 年监理会领袖决定创办一所大学以服务西北领地，该校于 1851 年 1 月 28 日获伊利诺伊州议会颁发特许状。
• In 1853 the founders bought a tract of land north of Chicago and named the new settlement Evanston after founder John Evans, a physician and later territorial governor of Colorado.1853 年创办者在芝加哥以北购置土地，并以创始人约翰·埃文斯之名将新定居点命名为埃文斯顿，他是一位医生、后来担任科罗拉多领地总督。
• The first classes were held in November 1855 with ten students and two faculty members, and the university awarded its first degrees in 1859.首批课程于 1855 年 11 月开课，有十名学生与两名教师，该校于 1859 年授予首批学位。
• In 1859 the university added the Feinberg School of Medicine and the Pritzker School of Law, establishing its professional schools alongside the College of Arts and Sciences.1859 年该校增设范伯格医学院与普利兹克法学院，在文理学院之外建立起专业学院。
• In 1878 the School of Oratory was founded and later became the School of Communication, one of the university's distinctive liberal arts units.1878 年演讲学校创立，后发展为传播学院，成为该校特色人文单位之一。
• The Bienen School of Music was founded in 1895, giving Northwestern a conservatory that has since won eighteen Grammy Awards among its faculty and alumni since 2015.比嫩音乐学院创立于 1895 年，使西北大学拥有了一所音乐学院，其师生自 2015 年以来已获十八座格莱美奖。
• In 1896 Northwestern became a founding member of the Big Ten Conference, the oldest collegiate athletic conference in the United States.1896 年西北大学成为十大联盟的创始成员，这是美国历史最悠久的大学体育联盟。
• The Kellogg School of Management began in 1908 as the School of Commerce and is today ranked among the top business schools in the world.凯洛格管理学院于 1908 年以商学院之名起步，如今位居世界顶尖商学院之列。
• The McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science was founded in 1909, expanding the university into applied science and technology education.麦考密克工程与应用科学学院创立于 1909 年，将学校拓展至应用科学与工程教育领域。
• In the 1920s Northwestern established its Chicago campus to house the medical, law and business schools closer to the city's downtown.二十世纪二十年代西北大学设立芝加哥校区，将医学、法学与商学院安置在更靠近市中心的地点。
• The Medill School of Journalism, Media and Integrated Marketing Communications was created in 1921 and has produced more than thirty Pulitzer Prize winners among its alumni.梅迪尔新闻、媒体与整合营销传播学院创立于 1921 年，其校友中已产生三十余位普利策奖得主。
• In 1933 the School of Professional Studies was founded, broadening access to part-time and continuing education for working adults.1933 年专业研究学院成立，为在职成人拓宽了非全日制与继续教育渠道。
• Northwestern's Dance Marathon, a student charity event, began in 1975 and has since raised tens of millions of dollars for children's charities over fifteen-hour dances.西北大学的舞蹈马拉松是一项学生慈善活动，始于 1975 年，此后在十五小时舞蹈中已为儿童慈善机构筹得数千万美元。
• The March Through the Arch tradition welcomes incoming first-year students who walk through the university arch cheered by families at the start of each autumn term.「穿越拱门」传统迎接每年秋季入校的新生，他们在家人欢呼中穿过校园拱门。
• In 2008 Northwestern opened a campus in Doha, Qatar, offering journalism and communication programmes to students in the Middle East.2008 年西北大学在卡塔尔多哈开设校区，为中东地区学生提供新闻与传播项目。
• Mung Chiang became the eighteenth president of Northwestern University in 2024, succeeding a line of leaders stretching back to the university's 1851 charter.蒋濛于 2024 年出任西北大学第十八任校长，接续自 1851 年特许状以来的历任领导。
• The university's 15.3 billion dollar endowment in 2024 ranks among the largest of any private university in the United States and supports financial aid and research.该校 2024 年 153 亿美元捐赠基金位居美国私立大学前列，用于支持助学金与科研。
• Northwestern has claimed nineteen affiliated Nobel laureates and thirty-eight Pulitzer Prize winners among its faculty and alumni across its history.西北大学历史上共有十九位相关的诺贝尔奖得主与三十八位普利策奖得主出自其师生队伍。
• The foundation of Northwestern can be traced to a meeting on 31 May 1850 of nine Chicago businessmen, Methodist leaders and attorneys who sought to serve the former Northwest Territory.西北大学的创立可追溯至 1850 年 5 月 31 日的一次会议，九位芝加哥商人、监理会领袖与律师希望为旧西北领地服务。
• The Illinois General Assembly granted a charter to the Trustees of the North-Western University on 28 January 1851, making it the first chartered university in Illinois.1851 年 1 月 28 日，伊利诺伊州议会向西北大学受托人颁发特许状，使其成为伊利诺伊州第一所获得特许的大学。
• The first building, Old College, opened on 5 November 1855, and to raise funds the university sold one-hundred-dollar perpetual scholarships entitling the holder and heirs to free tuition.首座建筑老学院于 1855 年 11 月 5 日启用，为筹资该校出售售价一百美元的永久奖学金，持有者及其后代可免缴学费。
• Northwestern admitted its first female students in 1869, merged with the Evanston College for Ladies in 1873 and appointed Frances Willard as its first dean of women.西北大学于 1869 年录取首批女学生，1873 年与埃文斯顿女子学院合并，并任命弗朗西丝·威拉德为该校首位女性训导长。
• The university fielded its first intercollegiate football team in 1882 and joined the Association of American Universities in 1917, consolidating its standing as a research university.该校于 1882 年组建首支校际橄榄球队，并于 1917 年加入美国大学协会，巩固了其研究型大学的地位。

Academics

• Northwestern is organised into eleven schools, including the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences founded in 1851 and the Graduate School founded in 1910.西北大学由十一所学院组成，包括 1851 年创立的温伯格文理学院与 1910 年成立的研究生院。
• Its professional schools are the Feinberg School of Medicine, Pritzker School of Law, Kellogg School of Management, McCormick School of Engineering, Medill School of Journalism and the School of Communication.其专业学院包括范伯格医学院、普利兹克法学院、凯洛格管理学院、麦考密克工程学院、梅迪尔新闻学院与传播学院。
• In 2024 the university enrolled about 23,000 students with a six-to-one student to faculty ratio, reflecting its emphasis on close undergraduate teaching.2024 年该校约有 23,000 名学生，师生比为六比一，体现了其对小班本科教学的重视。
• The undergraduate acceptance rate was 7.1 percent, placing Northwestern among the most selective private universities in the United States.该校本科录取率为 7.1%，使西北大学位居美国最具选择性的私立大学之列。
• U.S. News and World Report ranked Northwestern ninth among national universities, second in education, fourth in business and ninth in law in its 2026 rankings.美国新闻与世界报道在 2026 年排名中将西北大学列为全美第九、教育第二、商科第四、法学第九。
• The university hosts more than ninety school-based centres and about twenty university research centres spanning neuroscience, nanotechnology and biotechnology.该校拥有九十余个学院级研究中心与约二十个校级研究中心，涵盖神经科学、纳米技术与生物技术。
• Northwestern research generated 2.6 billion dollars in revenue from patents and intellectual property licensing, illustrating its translational strength.西北大学的科研通过专利与知识产权许可产生 26 亿美元收入，体现了其转化研究实力。
• The Bienen School of Music has won eighteen Grammy Awards since 2015 among faculty and alumni, and the Block Museum of Art holds more than 6,500 works.比嫩音乐学院自 2015 年以来师生已获十八座格莱美奖，布洛克艺术博物馆藏品逾 6,500 件。
• The Medill School of Journalism has produced more than thirty Pulitzer Prize winners and places students in journalism residencies at more than one hundred media outlets.梅迪尔新闻学院培养了三十余位普利策奖得主，并安排学生在逾百家媒体机构实习。
• Kellogg School of Management, founded in 1908, is known for its full-time MBA and for executive education delivered with partner schools in Asia and Europe.1908 年创立的凯洛格管理学院以其全日制 MBA 以及与亚洲、欧洲伙伴院校合办的高管教育闻名。
• The McCormick School of Engineering conducts research in materials, energy and artificial intelligence and shares the 240-acre Evanston lakefront campus with the sciences.麦考密克工程学院从事材料、能源与人工智能研究，并与理科院系共享 240 英亩的埃文斯顿湖滨校区。
• Northwestern Memorial Hospital, the university's clinical affiliate, is ranked the number one hospital in Illinois and anchors its medical research enterprise.西北大学医学中心附属医院被评为伊利诺伊州第一的医院，是其医学研究事业的支柱。
• More than 75 percent of undergraduates combine two or more areas of study, reflecting the university's interdisciplinary culture across schools.逾 75% 的本科生同时修读两个及以上领域，体现了该校跨学院的交叉学科文化。
• The university meets one hundred percent of every undergraduate's demonstrated financial need and awards more than 250 million dollars in scholarships each year.该校满足每名本科生经核定的全部经济需求，并每年发放逾 2.5 亿美元奖学金。
• Northwestern in Qatar, opened in 2008, offers bachelor's degrees in journalism and strategic communication to students from across the Middle East.2008 年开放的多哈校区为来自中东各地学生提供新闻与战略传播学士学位。
• Northwestern comprises eleven schools and colleges, including the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Communication and the School of Education and Social Policy.西北大学由十一所学院组成，包括温伯格文理学院、传播学院与教育及社会政策学院。
• The university hosts major research centres such as the Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, the Simpson Querrey Institute and the Northwestern Buffett Institute for Global Affairs.该校设有多个重要研究中心，如生命过程化学研究所、辛普森·奎里研究所以及西北大学巴菲特全球事务研究所。
• Its library system holds one of the ten largest collections among private universities in the United States, and the university offers more than 180 formal academic concentrations.其图书馆系统是美国私立大学中藏书量前十之一，该校提供逾 180 个正式学术专业方向。

Campus

• The main Evanston campus covers 240 acres on the shore of Lake Michigan, about twelve miles north of downtown Chicago, with lakefront parks and sailing facilities.埃文斯顿主校区占地 240 英亩，位于密歇根湖畔、芝加哥市中心以北约十二英里处，设有湖滨公园与帆船设施。
• The Chicago campus occupies 24 acres in the Streeterville neighbourhood, housing the Feinberg School of Medicine, Pritzker School of Law and Kellogg's downtown programmes.芝加哥校区占地 24 英亩，位于斯特里特维尔社区，设有范伯格医学院、普利兹克法学院与凯洛格市中心项目。
• The university's coordinates are about 42.04114 degrees north and 87.69006 degrees west, on the lakefront of Evanston in Cook County, Illinois.该校坐标约为北纬 42.04114 度、西经 87.69006 度，地处伊利诺伊州库克县埃文斯顿的湖滨。
• A free campus shuttle connects the Evanston and Chicago campuses, and the Evanston station on the commuter rail links students to downtown Chicago in under an hour.免费校车连接埃文斯顿与芝加哥两校区，埃文斯顿通勤铁路站可在不到一小时将学生送达芝加哥市中心。
• The Norris University Center serves as the student hub with dining, a game room and the student art studio at the heart of the Evanston campus.诺里斯大学中心是埃文斯顿校区的学中心，设有餐饮、游戏室与学生艺术工作室。
• The Block Museum of Art, with more than 6,500 works, and the lakeside Ford Motor Company engineering design centre anchor the cultural and research life of the campus.藏品逾 6,500 件的布洛克艺术博物馆与湖畔的福特汽车工程设计中心，是校园文化与研究生活的支点。
• The Doha campus in Qatar, opened in 2008, shares the university's name and standards while serving students in the Middle East from a purpose-built site.2008 年开放的多哈校区沿用本校名称与标准，在一座专用校园中服务中东地区学生。
• The Evanston campus is linked to downtown Chicago by the Chicago Transit Authority Purple Line, and a free intercampus shuttle connects Evanston with the Chicago campus.埃文斯顿校区经芝加哥交通局紫线连接芝加哥市中心，另有免费校际班车往返埃文斯顿与芝加哥校区。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Northwestern University is placed 45th in the world, reflecting its strength across arts, engineering, journalism and medicine.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，西北大学位列世界第 45 位，体现了其在人文、工程、新闻与医学上的综合实力。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places Northwestern 29th in the world among global research universities.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将西北大学列于全球第 29 位。
• In the Academic Ranking of World Universities of 2026 Northwestern stands 31st in the world, underlining its research output in science and engineering.在 2026 年世界大学学术排名中，西北大学位居世界第 31 位，凸显其在科学与工程领域的研究产出。
• The U.S. News Best Global Universities edition of 2026 to 2027 ranks Northwestern 26th in the world.2026 至 2027 年版美国新闻与世界报道最佳全球大学排名将西北大学列为世界第 26 位。
• The OpenAlex database attributes 329,963 works to Northwestern with 40,792,468 citations, a measure of its large research literature.OpenAlex 数据库为西北大学收录 329,963 篇成果、被引 40,792,468 次，量化体现了其庞大的研究文献量。
• U.S. News and World Report ranked Northwestern ninth among national universities in 2026, one of only three top-ten universities also strong in four graduate fields.美国新闻与世界报道在 2026 年将西北大学列为全美第九，是仅有的三所同时在四个研究生领域领先的十大名校之一。
• Northwestern is a founding member of the Association of American Universities and the Big Ten Conference, signalling its standing in research and athletics.西北大学是美国大学协会与十大联盟的创始成员，彰显了其在科研与体育领域的地位。
• Across its history the university has counted nineteen Nobel laureates and thirty-eight Pulitzer Prize winners among faculty and alumni.纵观历史，该校师生中共有十九位诺贝尔奖得主与三十八位普利策奖得主。
• Northwestern joined the Association of American Universities in 1917, and its We Will fundraising campaign raised more than 3.75 billion dollars by its close in 2014.西北大学于 1917 年加入美国大学协会，其「We Will」筹款活动到 2014 年结束时募得逾 37.5 亿美元。
• By 1900 Northwestern was the third-largest university in the United States by enrolment, after Harvard University and the University of Michigan.到 1900 年，西北大学按在校生规模已是美国第三大的大学，仅次于哈佛大学与密歇根大学。

Student life

• The university motto is "Quaecumque sunt vera", a Latin phrase meaning "Whatsoever things are true", drawn from the New Testament.校训为拉丁文「Quaecumque sunt vera」，意为「凡事属实」，出自《新约》。
• March Through the Arch marks the start of each autumn for first-year students who walk through the historic arch as families and upperclassmen cheer.「穿越拱门」是每年秋季新生的开端，他们在家人高年级学生欢呼中穿过历史悠久的拱门。
• Dance Marathon has run since 1975 as a fifteen-hour student charity event that has raised tens of millions of dollars for children's causes.舞蹈马拉松自 1975 年起作为一项十五小时学生慈善活动，已为儿童事业筹得数千万美元。
• The Wildcats compete in the Big Ten Conference, and the university ties for the top NCAA graduation success rate among Football Bowl Subdivision schools at 99 percent.野猫队参加十大联盟赛事，该校以 99% 的毕业成功率在碗分区学校中并列第一。
• The Daily Northwestern is the student newspaper that has trained generations of journalists since the nineteenth century and covers campus and Chicago affairs.《西北每日》是训练了数代新闻人的学生报纸，自十九世纪起报道校园与芝加哥事务。
• The Rock, a boulder near University Hall, is a historic student landmark painted with messages for events, protests and celebrations.「石头」是大学楼旁的历史性学生地标，上面绘有活动、抗议与庆祝的讯息。
• The Block Museum of Art and the lakeside Norris University Center host films, exhibitions and concerts that form the cultural core of student life.布洛克艺术博物馆与湖畔诺里斯大学中心举办电影、展览与音乐会，构成学生生活的文化核心。

Notable people

• John Evans (1814 to 1897), a physician and founder of the university, gave his name to the city of Evanston and later served as territorial governor of Colorado.约翰·埃文斯（1814 至 1897）是医生与该校创始人，埃文斯顿市以其命名，他后来担任科罗拉多领地总督。
• Orrington Lunt (1815 to 1896), a founding trustee and financier, helped secure the land and funds that established Northwestern in its early decades.奥林顿·伦特（1815 至 1896）是创始受托人与资助者，在校初数十年帮助争取土地与资金。
• Sir Fraser Stoddart (1942 to 2024), a Northwestern professor of chemistry, was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the design of molecular machines.弗雷泽·斯托达特爵士（1942 至 2024）是西北大学化学教授，因设计分子机器获 2016 年诺贝尔化学奖。
• Dale Mortensen (1939 to 2014), a Northwestern economist, was awarded the 2010 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his theory of labour market search.戴尔·莫滕森（1939 至 2014）是西北大学经济学家，因劳动力市场搜寻理论获 2010 年诺贝尔经济学纪念奖。
• Saul Bellow (1915 to 2005), a novelist and Northwestern faculty member, was awarded the 1976 Nobel Prize in Literature for his humanistic writings.索尔·贝娄（1915 至 2005）是小说家与西北大学教师，因其人文著作获 1976 年诺贝尔文学奖。
• John Paul Stevens (1920 to 2019), an alumnus of the Pritzker School of Law, served as an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1975 to 2010.约翰·保罗·史蒂文斯（1920 至 2019）是普利兹克法学院校友，于 1975 至 2010 年担任美国最高法院大法官。
• Adlai Stevenson II (1900 to 1965), who studied at the Northwestern University School of Law, served as Governor of Illinois and was twice the Democratic presidential nominee.阿德莱·史蒂文森二世（1900 至 1965）曾就读于西北大学法学院，担任过伊利诺伊州州长并两度成为民主党总统候选人。
• John F. Smith Jr. (born 1938), a Kellogg MBA graduate, served as Chairman and Chief Executive of General Motors from 1992 to 2003.约翰·史密斯（1938 年生）是凯洛格 MBA 校友，于 1992 至 2003 年担任通用汽车董事长兼首席执行官。
• Chad Mirkin (born 1963), a Northwestern chemistry professor, is a leader in nanotechnology and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.查德·米尔金（1963 年生）是西北大学化学教授，是纳米技术领域的领军人物与美国国家科学院院士。
• Julia Louis-Dreyfus (born 1961), a Northwestern alumna, is an actress who has won multiple Emmy Awards for her television comedy roles.朱莉娅·路易斯-德雷福斯（1961 年生）是西北大学校友，是因电视喜剧角色多次获艾美奖的演员。
• Northwestern enrolls a large community of students from China and runs joint executive education with Chinese universities, extending its reach across Asia.西北大学招收了庞大的中国学生群体，并与中国高校合办高管教育，将其影响扩展至亚洲。
• Mung Chiang, an engineer and academic, has served as the eighteenth president of Northwestern since 2024 after leading Purdue University in engineering.蒋濛是工程师与学者，曾任普渡大学工程领导职务，自 2024 年起担任西北大学第十八任校长。
• John Pople, who shared the 1998 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing computational methods in quantum chemistry, was a professor at Northwestern.因发展量子化学计算方法而共获 1998 年诺贝尔化学奖的约翰·波普尔，曾是西北大学的教授。