Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń

Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, usually abbreviated as NCU or UMK, is a public research university in Toruń, Poland, and one of the largest universities in the north of the country.托倫哥白尼大學（波蘭文縮寫UMK，英文縮寫NCU）是位於波蘭托倫的一所公立研究型大學，也是波蘭北部規模最大的高等學府之一；其學科涵蓋人文、自然科學、醫學、法律、經濟與藝術，並在托倫與比得哥什兩地辦學。

It was founded in 1945 and is named after the Renaissance astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, who was born in Toruń in 1473 and whose heliocentric model reshaped modern science.該校創立於1945年，以文藝復興時期的天文學家尼古拉·哥白尼命名；哥白尼1473年生於托倫，其日心說模型被視為近代科學革命的里程碑，學校也因此把天文學與追求真理視為自身的學術標誌。

It comprises 16 faculties, enrols around 18,000 students and employs about 4,500 staff, and in the 2027 QS World University Rankings it was placed in the 1001-1200 band.該校設有16個學院，在校學生約一萬八千人、教職員工約四千五百人；在2027年QS世界大學排名中，該校位列第1001-1200位區間，並長期以天文、醫學與人文學科見長。

History

• The first institution of higher education in Toruń, the Toruń Academic Gymnasium, was founded in 1568 and was a precursor of the city's scientific and cultural life.托倫最早的高等教育機構——托倫學術中學——於1568年創立，是當地科學與文化生活的重要先聲；它也是波蘭北部最早的高等學府之一，為日後大學的設立埋下伏筆。
• The Academic Gymnasium also gave rise to the region's first museum, created in 1594, thanks to the efforts of the city mayor Heinrich Stroband.在市長海因里希·施特羅班德的推動下，這所學術中學還促成了本地區第一座博物館的建立（1594年），使托倫在十七、十八世紀成為區域的學術與文化重鎮。
• During the partitions of Poland the Prussian government planned a University of Theology with faculties of law and economics, but the project never materialised.在波蘭被瓜分時期，普魯士政府曾計畫設立一所設有法律與經濟學院的神學大學，但這一構想最終未能實現，托倫的高等教育夢想也因此一再延宕。
• In the interwar period the city authorities renewed efforts to establish a university after Pomerania was annexed to the reborn Poland in 1920.兩次世界大戰之間的時期，在波美拉尼亞於1920年併入重生的波蘭之後，托倫市政當局重新展開設立大學的努力；普魯士統治結束後，當地社會對高等教育的呼聲日益高漲。
• In 1920 the National Workers Party put forward the first formal request for a university and chose the Toruń-born Nicolaus Copernicus as its patron.1920年，國家工人黨提出了設立大學的首份正式請求，並選定生於托倫的哥白尼作為學校的守護人，為日後的命名奠定了基礎。
• In 1938 it was finally decided to set up Nicolaus Copernicus University as a subsidiary of Poznań's Adam Mickiewicz University, with work due to begin in early 1940.1938年當局終於決定設立哥白尼大學，作為波茲南的亞當·密茨凱維奇大學的分支機構，原定於1940年初開始運作，但這一安排同樣未能如願。
• That plan was interrupted by the Second World War, and the university was only realised after the war.這一計畫因第二次世界大戰爆發而中斷，大學直到戰後才得以真正建立，成為波蘭重建高等教育的一部分。
• The decree of the Council of Ministers of 24 August 1945 established Nicolaus Copernicus University, and it was approved by the Presidium of the National Council on 11 September.1945年8月24日的部長會議法令宣布設立哥白尼大學，並於同年9月11日獲得民族議會主席團的批准，學校自此正式成立；此舉終結了數百年來為在該市設立大學而屢屢未果的請願。
• The founding of the university capped nearly 550 years of efforts to establish a higher education institution in the Pomeranian region.該校的創立，為波美拉尼亞地區近五百五十年來設立高等學府的種種努力畫上句點，也使托倫終於擁有了自己的大學。
• In its first years after the war many members of the teaching staff came from the Stefan Batory University in Vilnius and the John Casimir University in Lviv.戰後初期，該校的教師隊伍中有不少成員來自維爾紐斯的斯特凡·巴托里大學與利沃夫的揚·卡齊米日大學，帶來寶貴的學術傳統與教學經驗。
• The university was named after Copernicus, and its operation refers both to the life's work of its patron and to the academic heritage of the former universities in Vilnius and Lviv.學校以哥白尼為名，其辦學既承襲這位守護者的學術志業，也延續了原維爾紐斯與利沃夫兩校的學術傳統，形成兼容並蓄的學風。
• Nicolaus Copernicus was born in Toruń in 1473 and published his landmark work De revolutionibus orbium coelestium in 1543, the year of his death.尼古拉·哥白尼1473年生於托倫，並於1543年、也就是其辭世之年出版劃時代的著作《天體運行論》，提出以太陽為中心的宇宙模型，大學即以他的名字作為校名。
• Over the following decades the university grew into the largest academic institution in northern Poland, adding faculties of law, economics, mathematics and computer science, and the arts.此後數十年間，該校發展為波蘭北部最大的學術機構，相繼增設法律、經濟、數學與計算機科學以及藝術等學院，學科門類日趨完備，辦學規模也不斷擴大。
• In 2020 the university was one of ten Polish universities to obtain the status of a research university under the Excellence Initiative programme.2020年，該校在「卓越倡議」計畫中成為全波蘭十所獲「研究型大學」地位的高校之一；這一地位使其在2020至2026年間可獲得高出一般高校一成的政府補助。
• In the 2006-2015 period the university adopted the motto "Veritas in omnibus quaerenda est", meaning that truth must be sought in all things.在2006至2015年間，該校確立校訓「Veritas in omnibus quaerenda est」，意為凡事皆應追求真理，並將其作為全校師生共同的信念與追求。
• In 2018 Times Higher Education had placed the university within the 801-1000 band globally, its highest position in that ranking.2018年泰晤士高等教育世界大學排名曾將該校列入全球第801-1000位區間，是其在該榜單上的最好位置。
• UMK also received the HR Excellence in Research distinction from the European Commission, the first Polish institution to do so.該校還獲得歐盟委員會頒發的「人力資源卓越研究」認證，是波蘭第一所獲此認證的機構，顯示其在科研人員管理上達到歐洲標準。
• Since 2020 the university has been a member of the Young Universities for the Future of Europe alliance, one of the first European Universities networks.自2020年起，該校成為「面向歐洲未來的青年大學」聯盟成員，該聯盟是最早的歐洲大學網絡之一，成員遍及十個歐洲國家。
• In 2022 the university celebrated its annual University Day with events centred on the heritage of Nicolaus Copernicus.2022年，該校以哥白尼的學術遺產為主題，舉辦了年度「大學日」慶祝活動，並在典禮上向傑出的在校成員頒授榮譽。
• In recent years the Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz has established itself among the top three medical schools in Poland.近年來，位於比得哥什的醫學院（Collegium Medicum）已躋身波蘭前三的醫學院之列，其臨床教學與研究實力受到全國肯定。
• The university continues to expand its research infrastructure, including the National Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, and to pursue the renewal of its research-university status.該校持續擴充科研基礎設施，包括國家原子、分子與光物理實驗室，並爭取延續其研究型大學地位，以鞏固其在波蘭學術版圖中的位置。

Academics

• NCU comprises more than 16 faculties, including three medical faculties at the Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz.該校設有16個以上學院，其中包括位於比得哥什醫學院的三個醫學類學院，形成人文、自然科學與醫學並重的格局；就學科門類而言，這是波蘭最完備的大學之一。
• Its faculties cover biology and veterinary sciences, chemistry, earth sciences, physics, astronomy and informatics, and mathematics and computer science.其學院涵蓋生物與獸醫科學、化學、地球科學、物理、天文與資訊學以及數學與計算機科學等領域，幾乎囊括所有自然科學門類。
• It also includes faculties of law and administration, economic sciences and management, political science and international studies, philosophy and social sciences, and history.該校另設法律與行政、經濟科學與管理、政治學與國際研究、哲學與社會科學以及歷史等學院，人文與社會科學的陣容同樣完整。
• Other faculties include languages and applied linguistics, Polish philology, fine arts, education sciences and theology.此外還設有語言與應用語言學、波蘭語文學、美術、教育科學以及神學等學院，學科覆蓋相當廣泛，兼顧專業與博雅教育。
• The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz includes the faculties of medicine, pharmacy and health sciences.比得哥什的路德維克·雷迪格醫學院下轄醫學、藥學與健康科學三個學院，並設有臨床教學醫院，是該校醫學教育與研究的主要基地。
• Teaching is offered in over 100 fields of study and 55 postgraduate courses, and the university has some 200,000 alumni.該校開設逾一百個專業領域與55個研究生課程，校友總數約二十萬人；對一所創立於二十世紀中葉的大學而言，這是相當龐大的校友網絡。
• The university employs 4,453 staff on its Toruń and Bydgoszcz campuses, over half of whom are academic teachers.該校在托倫與比得哥什兩校區共聘用4453名員工，其中半數以上為教學科研人員，人力結構以學術職為主。
• Research in astronomy and astrophysics is a distinctive area of activity, centred on the Piwnice Astronomical Observatory near Toruń.天文與天體物理研究是該校的特色領域，其核心是托倫近郊的皮夫尼采天文台，長年從事電波天文與恆星觀測；托倫的天文學傳統延續數百年，學校借此與國際天文聯合會及多國天文台保持合作。
• The 32-metre radio telescope at Piwnice, one of the largest in Central Europe, is used in international radio astronomy and space science collaborations.皮夫尼采天文台擁有一台32公尺電波望遠鏡，是中歐最大的同類設備之一，用於國際電波天文與太空科學合作，並支援跨國研究團隊的觀測計畫。
• Research infrastructure includes the National Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, the Center for Quantum Optics and the Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies.其科研基礎設施包括國家原子、分子與光物理實驗室、量子光學中心以及跨學科現代技術中心，為物理、化學與材料研究提供平台。
• NCU researchers have designed and built an Optical Coherence Tomography instrument, an advanced device for medical eye examinations.該校研究人員設計並製造了光學相干斷層掃描儀，這是一種用於眼科醫學檢查的先進設備，體現其醫工交叉的科研能力與成果轉化。
• The university's Collegium Medicum has in recent years been ranked among the top three medical schools in Poland on national examination outcomes and academic awards.近年來，該校醫學院依全國考試成績與學術獎項，名列波蘭前三的醫學院之列，其畢業生在醫師執業考試中表現穩定；該校醫學院也積極參與臨床研究與公共衛生項目。
• The University Library holds a collection of nearly 3 million printed volumes, periodicals and special collection items.該校圖書館藏有近三百萬冊印刷圖書、期刊與特藏文獻，是波蘭北部最重要的學術館藏之一，並提供數位化檢索與跨館借閱服務；館內另設特藏與古籍部，收藏與哥白尼及本地區歷史相關的珍貴文獻，並向公眾開放部分資源。
• OpenAlex records about 50,932 research works and roughly 1,343,359 citations associated with the university, one of the highest tallies among Polish universities.學術資料庫OpenAlex記錄到與該校相關的論文約50932篇、被引約1343359次，在波蘭高校中屬於科研產出較高者，涵蓋天文、醫學與自然科學諸多領域；其論文引用多集中於自然科學與醫學，與該校的優勢學科相符。
• The university develops studies in cooperation with universities abroad, and since 2020 has collaborated with the university in Angers in economics.該校與海外高校合作辦學，自2020年起在經濟學領域與法國昂熱的大學展開合作，並拓展與其他歐洲院校的聯合學位項目。
• It participates in student and staff exchanges at international level through the Erasmus+ programme and the YUFE alliance, and nationally through the MOST programme.該校透過Erasmus+計畫與YUFE聯盟參與國際師生交流，並在國內透過MOST計畫推進校際交換，學生的流動管道相當多元。
• The university awards the degrees of licentiate, engineer, magister, doctor and habilitated doctor, following the Polish academic degree structure for bachelor, master and doctoral studies.該校依波蘭學位體系授予學士、工程師、碩士（magister）、博士以及特許任教資格等學位，涵蓋本科、碩士與博士各階段，並設有博士班與博士後研究機制；其博士學位涵蓋人文、自然科學與醫學各領域，並依波蘭制度要求提交博士論文與通過公開答辯。

Campus

• NCU operates two academic cities, Toruń and Bydgoszcz, with 13 faculties in Toruń and three medical faculties in Bydgoszcz.該校橫跨托倫與比得哥什兩座學術城市，其中托倫設有13個學院、比得哥什設有三個醫學類學院，兩地之間以師生交流與聯合課程相連；校方在兩地之間安排校車與遠距課程，方便師生跨校區學習與研究。
• The main Toruń campus is embedded in the medieval old town, which is inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.托倫主校區嵌入中世紀老城區之中，而該老城已被列入聯合國教科文組織世界遺產名錄；校園與城市幾乎融為一體，師生日常穿行於歷史街巷之間。
• Teaching facilities include Collegium Humanisticum and a recently built University Sports Centre.其教學設施包括人文學院大樓（Collegium Humanisticum）以及新建的大學體育中心，兼顧人文教學與體育活動的需求。
• The campus hosts the Academic Centre for Arts and Culture "Od Nowa", one of the oldest students' clubs in Poland.校園內設有「Od Nowa」學術文化中心，是波蘭歷史最悠久的學生俱樂部之一，長年舉辦音樂、戲劇與各類文化活動。
• The Center for Astronomy in Piwnice, near Toruń, houses the university's 32-metre radio telescope.托倫近郊皮夫尼采的天文中心安放著該校的32公尺電波望遠鏡，是校內最具標誌性的科研設施之一，也是該校天文研究的核心平台。
• The university maintains the NCU Polar Station in Spitsbergen, in the Arctic, for polar research.該校在北極斯匹次卑爾根設有哥白尼大學極地考察站，長期支援極地生態、地質與氣候研究，在北歐學界具有一定的影響力。
• The university has also organised the Polish Historical Mission at the University of Würzburg in Germany.該校還在德國維爾茨堡大學主持波蘭史研究機構，推動波蘭與德國之間的史學交流。
• The Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz combines the university's potential with medical practice and collaborates with medical centres in Poland and abroad.比得哥什的醫學院將大學的學術資源與臨床醫療結合，並與國內外醫療機構合作，形成教學、科研與醫療一體的體系。
• With about 4,600 staff and more than 18,000 students across the two cities, the university is the largest academic employer in northern Poland.兩座城市合計約四千六百名教職員工與一萬八千餘名學生，使該校成為波蘭北部最大的學術雇主，對區域經濟與文化影響深遠；該校亦是托倫與比得哥什兩市最重要的文化與教育機構之一，其師生積極參與城市的文化節慶、科普活動與公共服務。
• The main campus lies within walking distance of Toruń's Gothic churches, the Copernicus monument and the Vistula riverfront.主校區步行可達托倫的哥德式教堂、哥白尼紀念碑以及維斯瓦河岸，學生在課餘即可親近城市的歷史與自然景觀，這一環境也塑造了校園的日常氛圍。
• The university library works with the Kujawsko-Pomorska Digital Library, giving students and researchers digital access to regional scholarly collections.該校圖書館與庫亞維-波美拉尼亞數位圖書館合作，為師生與研究者提供區域學術資源的數位檢索管道，擴大了校內館藏的可用範圍。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń was placed in the 1001-1200 band.在2027年QS世界大學排名中，托倫哥白尼大學位列第1001-1200位區間，是其近年來在該全球榜單上的位次。
• In the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings it was placed in the 1201-1400 band.在2027年泰晤士高等教育世界大學排名中，該校位列第1201-1400位區間，處於全球榜單的中後段。
• In the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking it was placed 1112th in the world.在2026-2027年度US News全球最佳大學排名中，該校位居全球第1112名。
• In the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities it was placed in the 901-1000 band.在2026年世界大學學術排名中，該校位列第901-1000位區間，四項主要世界榜單均有其名。
• In the 2018 Times Higher Education World University Rankings it had been placed in the 801-1000 band, its best result in that ranking.該校在2018年泰晤士高等教育世界大學排名中曾位列第801-1000位區間，是其在此榜的最佳成績。
• In national evaluations UMK is regularly ranked among the top universities in Poland.在本國評鑑中，該校長期名列波蘭頂尖大學之列，其研究與教學水準在全國居於前列。
• In the Unirank 2025 listing it placed sixth nationally, and in the Shanghai Ranking 2025 it was positioned fifth among Polish universities.在2025年Unirank榜單中該校位居全國第六，在上海軟科2025年排名中則居波蘭高校第五位；其中醫學、天文與人文學科被視為其最強領域。
• OpenAlex records about 50,932 research works and roughly 1,343,359 citations associated with the university.OpenAlex記錄到該校約50932篇論文、約1343359次被引，科研產出規模可觀，反映其作為研究型大學的學術實力；這些成果涵蓋天文、物理、化學、醫學與人文學科，與其多學院的學科結構相呼應。
• NCU has been designated a Leading Research University under Poland's Excellence Initiative and is one of ten research universities in the country.該校在波蘭「卓越倡議」中被認定為重點研究型大學，是全國十所研究型大學之一，並因此獲得額外的科研資源。
• It was the first Polish institution to receive the HR Excellence in Research distinction from the European Commission.該校是波蘭第一所獲得歐盟委員會「人力資源卓越研究」認證的機構，顯示其科研人員管理制度符合歐洲標準。
• Research in medicine is strong: the Collegium Medicum has been ranked among the top three medical schools in Poland.其醫學研究實力雄厚，醫學院長期名列波蘭前三的醫學院，在臨床與基礎醫學兩方面均有建樹；該學院另設有多個研究所與臨床科室，並與地區醫院共同培養專科醫師，畢業生遍布波蘭醫療體系。
• QS has placed the university in the top four per cent of universities in the world on the strength of its overall academic and research profile.QS曾依其整體學術與科研表現，將該校列入全球前4%的大學之列，反映其研究與教學持續獲得國際肯定。
• The 32-metre radio telescope at Piwnice makes the university a recognised centre for radio astronomy in Central Europe and a participant in international space-science projects.皮夫尼采的32公尺電波望遠鏡，使該校成為中歐公認的電波天文研究中心，並參與多項國際太空科學計畫。

Student life

• The university motto is "Veritas in omnibus quaerenda est", Latin for "truth must be sought in all things", adopted as a statement of its academic ethos.該校校訓為拉丁文「Veritas in omnibus quaerenda est」，意為「凡事皆應追求真理」，是其學術精神的寫照，也貫穿於各學科的教學與研究之中；校方在典禮與學術活動中反覆重申這句格言，並將其作為博士生與青年研究者的座右銘。
• The university library and the "Od Nowa" student club give students central places for study and cultural life.校圖書館與「Od Nowa」學生俱樂部為學生提供了學習與文化生活的核心場所，前者典藏豐富，後者活動多元。
• Cultural and academic life is embedded in Toruń's UNESCO-listed historic cityscape, giving the university a distinctive European identity.其文化與學術生活融入托倫被列入世界遺產的歷史城區，賦予學校鮮明的歐洲氣質，也讓學生的日常與城市的歷史相伴。
• Students take part in international exchanges through Erasmus+, the YUFE alliance and the national MOST programme.學生透過Erasmus+、YUFE聯盟與國內MOST計畫參與國際與校際交流，得以在不同國家與學科之間拓展視野。
• The Collegium Medicum gives medical and health-science students clinical training in Bydgoszcz.醫學院為醫學與健康科學的學生在比得哥什提供臨床訓練，使其在附屬醫院中積累實務經驗。
• Graduates number around 200,000 and form a large alumni community across Poland and abroad.該校校友約二十萬人，在波蘭國內外形成龐大的校友社群，涵蓋政界、科學界與文化界。
• The University Day is celebrated annually with ceremonies recalling the legacy of Nicolaus Copernicus.該校每年舉辦「大學日」，以典禮形式追念哥白尼的學術遺產，並向傑出成員頒授榮譽。
• The city of Toruń, known for its gingerbread and Gothic architecture, offers students a lively and historic environment.托倫以薑餅與哥德式建築聞名，為學生提供了充滿活力且具歷史底蘊的環境，也為課餘生活增添色彩，學生可在老城中體驗波蘭傳統的市集與節慶。
• The Academic Centre for Arts and Culture "Od Nowa" hosts concerts, theatre and student events throughout the year.「Od Nowa」學術文化中心全年舉辦音樂會、戲劇與各類學生活動，是校園文化生活的重要據點；每年新生入學與校慶期間，該中心都會舉辦大型演出與交流活動。

Notable people

• Zbigniew Herbert, a poet and essayist, was nominated several times for the Nobel Prize in Literature and has been translated into 38 languages.詩人與隨筆作家茲比格涅夫·赫伯特曾多次獲諾貝爾文學獎提名，其作品被譯成38種語言，是該校最著名的校友之一，其詩作在波蘭文學中佔有重要地位，並被廣泛譯介。
• Aleksander Wolszczan, an astronomer, discovered the first confirmed exoplanets and is counted among the university's alumni.天文學家亞歷山大·沃爾什燦發現了首批獲得確認的太陽系外行星，也是該校的知名校友。
• Piotr Hofmański, a jurist, served as President of the International Criminal Court.法學家彼得·霍夫曼斯基曾任國際刑事法院院長。
• Rafał Blechacz, a classical pianist, won the XV International Chopin Piano Competition in 2005.鋼琴家拉法烏·布雷哈奇於2005年奪得第十五屆蕭邦國際鋼琴比賽冠軍。
• Janina Ochojska, an astronomer and humanitarian, founded the Polish Humanitarian Action and served as a Member of the European Parliament.天文學家與人道主義者雅尼娜·奧霍伊斯卡創辦了波蘭人道行動組織，並曾任歐洲議會議員。
• Sławomir Mentzen, an entrepreneur and politician, is chairman of the Confederation party and was a candidate in the 2025 Polish presidential election.企業家與政治人物斯瓦沃米爾·門岑是聯盟黨主席，並曾參加2025年波蘭總統選舉。
• Grzegorz Ciechowski, a leading figure in Polish rock music, won ten Fryderyk Awards, more than any other musician.波蘭搖滾樂代表人物格熱戈日·切霍夫斯基曾十度獲得弗里德里克獎，獲獎次數居音樂人之首。
• Jacek Yerka, a painter known for surreal landscapes, and Janusz Leon Wiśniewski, a scientist and writer, are alumni of the university.以超現實風景畫著稱的畫家雅采克·耶爾卡與科學家兼作家雅努什·萊昂·維希涅夫斯基均為該校校友。
• Andrzej Person, a senator and sports journalist, and Elżbieta Jabłońska, a visual artist, are among its best-known graduates.參議員兼體育記者安傑伊·佩爾松以及視覺藝術家埃爾日別塔·亞布翁斯卡，都是該校最知名的畢業生之一。
• Maciej Konacki, an astronomer, and Mariusz Lemańczyk, a mathematician, are also counted among its alumni.天文學家馬切伊·科納茨基與數學家馬里烏什·萊曼奇克亦被列為該校校友。
• Andrzej Tretyn, a biologist, serves as Rector of the university.生物學家安傑伊·特雷滕現任該校校長，主持全校的教學與科研事務。