National University of Science and Technology MISIS

The National University of Science and Technology MISIS is a public technological university in Moscow, Russia, devoted to steelmaking and metallurgy, and it carries in Russian the name Национальный исследовательский технологический университет МИСИС.莫斯科国立钢铁合金学院是俄罗斯莫斯科的一所公立技术大学，以炼钢与冶金为主业，其俄文校名为「Национальный исследовательский технологический университет МИСИС」。

Its institutional history runs from 1918, when the metallurgy department of the Moscow Mining Academy was created, through independence in 1930, the status of a technological university in 1993 and the rank of national university in 2008.该校的制度史自 1918 年莫斯科矿业学院设立冶金系起算，历经 1930 年独立办学、1993 年取得技术大学地位，至 2008 年获授国立研究型大学资格。

Today it teaches about 16,500 undergraduate, graduate and doctoral students with a faculty of roughly 1,200, and it is placed in the 801-850 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027.该校现有本科、研究生与博士生约 16,500 人，教师约 1,200 人，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中列第 801-850 位。

History

• The school's earliest identifiable ancestor is the metallurgy department founded in 1918 within the Moscow Mining Academy, out of which the future steel institute was later carved.该校最早可确认的前身是 1918 年在莫斯科矿业学院内成立的冶金系，后来的钢铁学院即由此析出。

• The Moscow Mining Academy supplied the institutional setting of those first years, and its student roll included Avraamy Zavenyagin, who studied there from 1923 to 1930 before the split.莫斯科矿业学院构成该校最初十年的制度环境，其学生名录中包括阿夫拉米·扎韦尼亚金，他 1923 年至 1930 年在此就读，恰在分立之前。

• Independence came in 1930, when a portion of that metallurgy department was separated into a standing institution by order of the Supreme Soviet of the National Economy.独立办学始于 1930 年：根据最高国民经济会议发布的命令，该冶金系的一部分被单独分离出来，成为独立学校。

• The newly detached school opened its independent existence under the name of the Moscow Institute of Steel, the title recorded for the year of its separation in 1930.新分离的学校以莫斯科钢铁学院之名开始独立办学，这一名称即 1930 年分立之时的正式称呼。

• During Stalin's regime the institute was renamed the Stalin Moscow Institute of Steel, so for part of the period between 1930 and 1962 it carried the name of a serving leader.斯大林时期该校被改名为斯大林莫斯科钢铁学院，故在 1930 年至 1962 年间的一部分时间里，它以在任领导人的名字命名。

• State recognition arrived in the Second World War years, when the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1944.国家层面的表彰出现于二战期间：1944 年该校获授劳动红旗勋章。

• The modern identity was fixed in 1962, when the school united with the Institute of Nonferrous Metals and Gold and adopted the name Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys.今日校格定型于 1962 年：该校与有色金属与黄金学院合并，并改称莫斯科国立钢铁合金学院。

• That 1962 title, combining ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, is what the Chinese name 莫斯科国立钢铁合金学院 renders, while the abbreviated Russian form remains МИСИС.1962 年确定的这一兼含黑色冶金与有色冶金的名称，正是中文「莫斯科国立钢铁合金学院」所译的对象，而俄文简称至今仍是 МИСИС。

• A second state decoration followed in 1980, when the institute received the Order of the October Revolution.第二项国家勋章紧随而至：1980 年该校获授十月革命勋章。

• The post-Soviet reorganisation came in 1993, when the status of technological university was awarded and the institute was restructured as a university rather than a single-branch school.后苏联时代的改组在 1993 年：该校被授予技术大学地位，由单科院校改组为大学建制。

• In October 2008 the government granted it the status of a national university, and the English material records that it was the first higher-education institution in Russia to receive that designation.2008 年 10 月，俄罗斯政府授予该校国立研究型大学地位，英文材料记载它是国内首个获此殊荣的高等院校。

• Along with that 2008 status the institution adopted its present name, the National University of Science and Technology MISIS, the title under which its QS and OpenAlex records are filed.随 2008 年的这一地位，该校启用现名莫斯科国立钢铁合金学院（国立科学技术大学 MISIS），QS 与机构记录均以此名归档。

• Four years later, in 2014, the university absorbed Moscow State Mining University and formed its Institute of Mining from the merged body.四年后即 2014 年，该校吸收合并莫斯科国立矿业大学，并以合并后的机构成立矿业学院。

• The 2014 merger means that the mining teaching of today's MISIS descends from a separate university rather than from the 1930 separation, restoring an older institutional link.2014 年的合并说明今日该校的矿业教学源自另一所独立大学，而非 1930 年那次分离的产物，其结果等于恢复了更早的制度渊源。

• On the Chinese record the founding is likewise dated to 1918 and the predecessor named as the Moscow Institute of Steel, with no alternative foundation year given.中文材料同样把建校定于 1918 年，并称前身为莫斯科钢铁学院，未给出其他建校年份。

• National comparison was recorded in 2019, when the university placed third in the annual competition for the best Russian universities.全国性比较见于 2019 年：该校在年度「俄罗斯最佳高校」竞选中名列第三。

• Its sectoral network is the Higher Metallurgical Education Association, whose membership spans universities from Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan.其行业网络是冶金高等教育协会，成员涵盖俄罗斯、乌克兰与哈萨克斯坦的高校。

• A long-standing German link is the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology in Freiberg, with which the university ran joint degree programmes.与德国的长期联系对象是位于弗赖贝格的弗赖贝格矿业技术大学，两校曾开设联合学位项目。

• A French counterpart appears in the Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine at Nancy, the second institution recorded for joint-degree cooperation.法国的对应机构是南锡的洛林国立理工学院，这是材料中记载的第二所联合学位合作院校。

• The centenary of the 1918 foundation fell in 2018, the same year in which the university reported a new material that resolves overheating in printed circuit boards.1918 年建校的百年之期恰在 2018 年，而该校自报的解决印制电路板过热问题的新材料亦同年取得。

• English summaries compress this chain into five dates, 1918 as origin, 1930 as independence, 1962 as the alloys name, 1993 as university status and 2008 as national status.英文概述把这条链压缩为五个年份：1918 年为源头、1930 年为独立、1962 年为合金学院之名、1993 年为大学地位、2008 年为国立研究型地位。

• The succession of names, the Moscow Institute of Steel from 1930, the Stalin Moscow Institute of Steel of the Stalin period and the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys from 1962, denotes one continuous institution rather than three separate schools.名称虽有更替——1930 年的莫斯科钢铁学院、斯大林时期的斯大林莫斯科钢铁学院、1962 年起的莫斯科国立钢铁合金学院——所指却是同一所连续存在的学校，而非三所独立机构。

Academics

• Teaching is organised into named research institutes rather than into faculties alone, and the roster of the English record opens with the Institute of Metallurgy, Ecology and Quality.教学以具名研究所为主要建制而非单纯设系，英文名录列出的第一个单位是冶金、生态与质量研究所。

• Two materials units stand beside it, the Institute of Physical Chemistry of Materials, which treats the chemistry of metallic materials, and the Institute of Materials Technology, which treats their production.其旁另设两个材料单位：处理金属材料化学的材料物理化学研究所，以及处理材料制备工艺的材料技术研究所。

• The Institute of Humanities is the one non-technical institute of that roster, keeping humanistic teaching inside a curriculum otherwise built on steel and alloys.人文研究所是该名录中唯一的非技术类研究所，在以钢铁与合金为基底、其余科目均为技术类的课程体系中保留人文教学。

• The remaining entries of the English roster are the Faculty of Part-Time Education, the Post Higher Education Centre and the Preparatory Faculty, three units serving external and post-degree study.英文名录余下的三项是函授教育系、高等教育后修中心与预科系，三者分别服务非全日制学习与毕业后的进修。

• The Institute of Mining, created after the 2014 absorption of Moscow State Mining University, is the unit that carries the mining side of the curriculum.矿业学院在 2014 年吸收合并莫斯科国立矿业大学之后设立，是承接课程中矿业一侧的单位。

• The Chinese record counts nine institutes and six branch institutions, naming units for new and nanomaterials, for environment and process engineering, and for quality in higher education.中文材料记有九所院系与六所分校，并列出新材料及纳米材料学院、环境与工程学院、高等教育质量学院等单位。

• That same Chinese roster adds institutes for continuing education, for information technology and automated control systems, for business information systems, for the economics of industrial enterprises, and a faculty of basic education.同一份中文名录另列继续教育学院、信息技术和自动化控制系统学院、商业信息系统学院、工业企业经济管理学院，以及基础教育学院。

• Research results are documented by year: in 2018 the university developed a material that solves the overheating of printed circuit boards in operation.科研成果按年份记载：2018 年该校开发出可解决印制电路板运行时过热问题的新材料。

• In 2019 the report was a heat-resistant three-layer alloy intended for the cladding of nuclear reactor control rods, a materials problem of the nuclear industry.2019 年的成果则是一种用于核反应堆控制棒外壳的耐高温三层合金，属核工业的材料课题。

• The university founds and publishes the peer-reviewed journal Mining Science and Technology (Russia), acting simultaneously as founder and publisher of the title.该校是同行评议期刊「Mining Science and Technology (Russia)」的创办者与出版方，同时承担两种角色。

• That journal appears in both English and Russian editions and is registered under the identifier ISSN 2500-0632.该刊以英文与俄文两种版本发行，登记号为 ISSN 2500-0632。

• Its indexing is recorded in Scopus at quartile Q2, in the Scimago Journal and Country Rank at Q1, and also in Engineering Village, Chemical Abstracts Service, the Directory of Open Access Journals and AGRIS.该刊被 Scopus 收录并列为 Q2 区，在 Scimago 期刊与国别排名中列 Q1 区，亦见于工程村数据库、美国化学文摘社、开放获取期刊目录与 AGRIS。

• A second periodical link is the metallurgical journal Tsvetnye Metally, which the record states was supported by the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys.第二个期刊联系是冶金刊物《Tsvetnye Metally》，材料记载该刊曾得到莫斯科国立钢铁合金学院的支持。

• Enrolment is given as about 16,500 students across the undergraduate, graduate and doctoral levels together, so the count is a total of all three cycles.在校生约 16,500 人，统计口径为本科、研究生与博士三个层次合计，而非单指某一层。

• The academic staff are recorded at about 1,200 people, of whom 326 hold the rank of professor and 350 the rank of associate professor.教学人员约 1,200 人，其中 326 人为教授、350 人为副教授。

• Those two senior ranks together account for 676 of the roughly 1,200 staff, a documented indicator of the proportion of the teaching body holding advanced academic positions.两个高级职称合计 676 人，约占 1,200 名教职的一半，是材料中可查的高级学术职务占比指标。

• The disciplinary range visible in the institute names covers ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, physical chemistry, materials technology, mining, computer science, economics, management and humanities.从研究所名称可见的学科跨度包括黑色与有色冶金、物理化学、材料技术、矿业、计算机科学、经济学、管理学与人文学科。

• Two computing and management units appear in the same roster, the Institute of Computer Science and Economics and the Institute of Information Business Systems, placing information teaching beside the metallurgical core.同一名录中另有计算机与经济类两个单位：计算机科学经济学研究所与信息商业系统研究所，使信息学科与冶金主业并列。

• Part-time and post-experience study are institutionalised as separate units, the Faculty of Part-Time Education and the Post Higher Education Centre, listed in the English roster of institutes.函授教育与毕业后进修教育各自建制为独立单位，即英文研究所名录所列的函授教育系与高等教育后修中心。

Campus

• The university is based in Moscow, the capital of Russia, at latitude 55.75204 north and longitude 37.61781 east, a metropolitan location rather than a site beside a single steel works in an industrial town.该校设在俄罗斯首都莫斯科，地理坐标为北纬 55.75204 度、东经 37.61781 度，属大城市校址，而非工业城镇中某一钢铁厂旁的厂区办学。

• Beyond the Moscow seat the Chinese record lists six branch institutions, of which four stand inside the Russian Federation and two outside it.在莫斯科本部之外，中文材料列出六所分校，其中四所位于俄罗斯境内，另两所在境外。

• Two branches serve Belgorod Oblast, the technological institute at Stary Oskol named after Ugarov and the Gubkin branch, both in the metallurgical belt of western Russia.两所分校服务别尔哥罗德州，即以乌加罗夫命名的旧奥斯科尔技术大学与古布金分校，二者同处俄罗斯西部的冶金地带。

• The other two Russian branches are at Novotroitsk in Orenburg Oblast and at Vyksa in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, towns associated with steel and pipe production.境内另外两所分校位于奥伦堡州的新特罗伊茨克与下诺夫哥罗德州的维克萨，两地皆与钢铁和管材生产相关。

• Outside Russia the university operates a branch at Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, and another at Almalyk, a mining town of Uzbekistan.境外分校位于塔吉克斯坦首都杜尚别与乌兹别克斯坦的矿业城镇阿尔马雷克。

• Those two overseas branches give the institution a Central Asian and Transcaucasian teaching footprint, consistent with its membership of a metallurgical association covering Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan.这两所境外分校使该校具有中亚与外高加索的教学布点，与其覆盖俄罗斯、乌克兰、哈萨克斯坦的冶金协会成员身份相一致。

• Institutional information is published from the domain misis.ru, with an English-language portal kept at the sub-address en.misis.ru.学校信息以（misis.ru）域名发布，并另设英文入口（en.misis.ru）。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the National University of Science and Technology MISIS is listed in the 801-850 band, the position on which this entry is written, a band shared with every other university placed in it rather than a single numbered rank.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，莫斯科国立钢铁合金学院列入第 801-850 位，本条目即据此档位收录；该档位为同档诸校并列，并非单独的数字名次。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place the university in the 1001-1200 band, a wider and lower range than the QS position of the same edition.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将该校列入第 1001-1200 位，其区间比同一版 QS 名次更宽也更靠后。

• In the 2026-2027 US News Best Global Universities ranking the institution appears at 1254 in the world, a numbered position rather than a band.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校位列世界第 1254 名，是一个具体数值而非区间档位。

• No position is recorded for MISIS in the 2026 Shanghai Ranking main table of 1,000 universities, so the accurate statement is that the university is not carried into the 2026 ARWU list.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名 1000 行主榜未见该校名次，故准确表述是未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名。

• The English record also notes a world placing of 1,017 in 2023 for the institution, though the ranking that produced that figure is not named in the same passage, and the official tables govern.英文材料另记该校 2023 年曾列世界第 1,017 位，但同一处文字未说明该数字出自哪张榜单，具体名次仍应以官方榜单为准。

• On the national dimension the university is recorded at third place in the 2019 competition of the best Russian universities, the highest single-edition standing available for it in the material.就国内维度而言，材料记该校在 2019 年度俄罗斯最佳高校竞选中名列第三，这是可得材料中最高的一次单届名次。

• A subject-level position for metallurgy is not recorded in the available material, and the nearest quantified subject signal is the journal it publishes, ranked Q2 in Scopus and Q1 in the Scimago list.材料未给出冶金学科维度的大学名次，最接近的量化信号是其自办期刊的分区，即 Scopus Q2 与 Scimago 排名第一区。

• Publication and citation counts from OpenAlex were not obtained for this institution in the present data batch, so its output is described by the recorded figures of 16,500 students, 1,200 staff and nine institutes with six branches.本批数据未取得该校在 OpenAlex 的作品数与被引数，故其产出改以 16,500 名学生、1,200 名教职、九所院系与六所分校等已记载数字说明。

• Institutional honours are counted in state decorations, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour of 1944 and the Order of the October Revolution of 1980, and no Nobel, Turing or Fields-level affiliation is documented for the university.该校的机构荣誉以国家勋章计，即 1944 年的劳动红旗勋章与 1980 年的十月革命勋章，未见诺贝尔奖、图灵奖或菲尔兹奖级的人物关联。

• Identity needs care because the abbreviation NUST is also used by the National University of Sciences and Technology in Pakistan and because Satbayev University in Kazakhstan is a separate institution, so this entry covers only the Moscow university founded from the metallurgy department in 1918.名实须加辨别：缩写 NUST 亦为巴基斯坦国立科学技术大学所用，哈萨克斯坦的萨特巴耶夫大学又自为一校，本条目只述 1918 年由冶金系成立的这所莫斯科大学，中文材料另按俄文原名称之为「国立科学技术大学」。

Student life

• The academic calendar supports two modes of study side by side, full-time instruction at the institutes and a Faculty of Part-Time Education for students who work while studying.学制同时支持两种学习模式：在各研究所的全日制学习，以及函授教育系下工学并行的非全日制学习。

• Within a university built on metallurgy the Preparatory Faculty is the entry unit, giving students a year of preliminary instruction before institute teaching begins.在这所以冶金为根基的大学里，预科系是入口单位，为学生在进入各研究所学习之前提供一年的预备教学。

• Graduates return through the Post Higher Education Centre, which holds the advanced and retraining programmes of the university after the first degree.毕业生可经高等教育后修中心返校，该中心承担首个学位之后的进修与再培训项目。

• Because the Chinese record names six branch institutions, the university's teaching is not confined to Moscow, since Stary Oskol, Gubkin, Novotroitsk, Vyksa, Dushanbe and Almalyk all appear as places of study.中文材料既列出六所分校，该校教学便不限于莫斯科一地：旧奥斯科尔、古布金、新特罗伊茨克、维克萨、杜尚别与阿尔马雷克六地均作为求学之所见于记载。

• International study routes are documented as joint degree programmes with the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology in Germany and the Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine in France.跨国学习路径见于联合学位项目：与德国弗赖贝格矿业技术大学以及法国洛林国立理工学院的合作办学。

• The Chinese record places the university among the Russian members of the league of Chinese and Russian technological universities, an inter-university network for exchange between the two countries.中文材料记载该校是中俄工科大学联盟的俄方成员之一，该校际网络用于两国高校间的交流。

• Scholarly communication runs in two languages, since the journal the university publishes appears in English and Russian editions, a practical constraint on how students publish while still enrolled.学术传播以双语运行：该校出版的期刊有英文与俄文两种版本，这也是学生在校期间发表论文时面对的实际条件。

• No student union, student newspaper, named sports team, residence capacity or campus festival is recorded in the material available for this institution, and those features are left unwritten rather than estimated.可得材料未记载该校的学生会、学生报纸、具名校队、宿舍容量或校园节庆，这些内容一律留白而不作推测。

Notable people

• Avraamy Pavlovich Zavenyagin, who lived from 1901 to 1956, studied at the Moscow Mining Academy from 1923 to 1930 and rose to become a Soviet statesman and industrial organiser.阿夫拉米·扎韦尼亚金生于 1901 年、卒于 1956 年，1923 年至 1930 年就读于莫斯科矿业学院，后来成为苏联政治人物与工业组织者。

• The same alumnus is recorded as a metallurgical engineer who supervised Soviet metallurgy and the atomic project and who held the rank of Lieutenant General of the interior service from 1945.同一位校友被记载为冶金工程师，曾主管苏联冶金事业与原子弹计划，并于 1945 年起获内务系统中将军衔。

• Business supplies the largest group of named graduates: Mikhail Fridman, a Ukrainian-born Russian and Israeli businessman recorded as a billionaire, and German Khan, a Ukrainian-Russian businessman of the same standing.商界构成具名校友最集中的一群：乌克兰出生的俄裔以色列商人米哈伊尔·弗里德曼被记为亿万富翁，格尔曼·汗同为乌克兰裔俄罗斯商人。

• Eduard Shifrin, a Ukrainian entrepreneur and co-owner of the Midland Group, appears in the same list of alumni, linking the institute to the metallurgical holding companies of the post-Soviet economy.乌克兰企业家、米德兰集团共同所有人爱德华·希夫林亦见于同一校友名录，使该校与后苏联时代的冶金控股企业相连。

• Two of these graduates carry the heavier labels of the source, both billionaire and oligarch, which is how the English article describes Mikhail Fridman and German Khan together with their metallurgical and industrial interests.其中两位校友带着材料给出的较重称号：英文条目对米哈伊尔·弗里德曼与格尔曼·汗的叙述同时使用亿万富翁与寡头两个说法，并及其金属与工业权益。

• Culture is represented by Viktor Berkovsky, recorded as a Soviet and Ukrainian bard, and by Vladimir Solovyov, recorded as a Russian television presenter.文化界由两个人代表：被记为苏联与乌克兰民谣歌手的维克托·别尔科夫斯基，以及被记为俄罗斯电视节目主持人的弗拉基米尔·索洛维约夫。

• Among the institutions of the university one carries a personal dedication, the technological institute at Stary Oskol being named after Ugarov.校内机构中有一所以个人命名：旧奥斯科尔技术大学以乌加罗夫的名字命名。

• No individual founder stands at the origin of the university, since its 1918 start was a department created inside the Moscow Mining Academy and its 1930 separation was ordered by a state economic body.该校并无个人创办者：1918 年的起点是莫斯科矿业学院内设立的一个学系，1930 年的分立则由最高国民经济会议这类国家机关下令。

• Names attached to the scientific record are institutional rather than biographical, since the journals it founds and publishes are credited to the university as founder and publisher.与科研记录相连的名字是机构名而非人物名：该校创办并出版的期刊以创办者与出版方的机构身份登记。

• The material records no Nobel, Turing or Fields-level graduate or faculty member for MISIS, and the university's highest documented distinctions remain the two Soviet state orders awarded in 1944 and 1980.材料未见该校拥有诺贝尔奖、图灵奖或菲尔兹奖级的校友或教师，其最高等级的已记载荣誉仍是 1944 年与 1980 年获得的两枚苏联国家勋章。