National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy

The National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (NaUKMA) is a national research university in the Podil district of Kyiv, Ukraine, reestablished in 1991 on the grounds of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy that taught from 1615 until 1819.国立基辅莫希拉学院（National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy，简称 NaUKMA）是乌克兰基辅波迪尔区的一所国立研究型大学，1991 年在 1615 年至 1819 年间办学的基辅莫希拉学院旧址上重建。

It teaches in Ukrainian and English, enrols about 4,000 students in six faculties, and presents itself as the heir of one of the oldest Orthodox academies of Eastern Europe, a claim that historians continue to debate.该校以乌克兰语与英语授课，六个学院共有约 4,000 名学生，并自称是东欧最古老的东正教学院之一的后继者，这一说法在史学界仍有争论。

The university occupies the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, does not enter the 2027 Times Higher Education ranking, and is absent from both the 2026-2027 U.S. News global table and the 2026 ShanghaiRanking main list.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中处于 1201-1400 区间，未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，也未出现在 2026-2027 年度《美国新闻与世界报道》全球大学榜单与 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜中。

History

• The Kyiv Brotherhood School opened in 1615 under the Orthodox burghers' confraternity of Kyiv, and the Halshka Hulevychivna house that housed it still stands on the campus as the institution's oldest building.基辅兄弟会学校于 1615 年由基辅东正教市民兄弟会创办，当年用作校舍的哈尔什卡·胡列维奇夫娜故居至今仍立在校园内，是该校最古老的建筑。
• In 1632 the brotherhood school merged with the school of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra to form a collegium named after Petro Mohyla, the metropolitan who financed it and pressed for Western educational standards.1632 年，兄弟会学校与基辅洞穴修道院学校合并，组成以彼得罗·莫希拉命名的学院，这位都主教出资兴学并力主引入西方教育标准。
• King Władysław IV granted the collegium a royal privilege in 1635, and its structure followed the Western model with Latin as the main language and Greek and Church Slavonic close behind.1635 年，国王瓦迪斯瓦夫四世授予该学院王室特许状，其建制仿照西方学院模式，以拉丁语为主要教学语言，希腊语与教会斯拉夫语次之。
• Students were divided into three groups specialising in grammar, rhetoric and philosophy, and a branch opened in Vinnytsia and later moved to Hoshcha, where it survived until the late seventeenth century.学生按语法、修辞与哲学三科分组学习，学院并在文尼察设立分校，后迁至霍什恰，一直办到十七世纪末。
• The Treaty of Hadiach of 1658 gave the collegium the status of an academy comparable to the Kraków Academy, then the leading university of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.1658 年的哈佳奇条约赋予该学院与克拉科夫学院相当的学院地位，后者当时是波兰立陶宛联邦的首要大学。
• Kyiv passed to Russian rule in 1686, and after a period of decline during the Ruin the academy prospered under the protection of Hetman Ivan Mazepa, who paid for a new academic building.1686 年基辅转归俄国统治，学院在鲁伊纳时期的衰败之后受盖特曼伊万·马泽帕庇护而复兴，马泽帕出资兴建了新的教学大楼。
• A theology class opened in 1689, and in 1694 Tsar Ivan V recognised the collegium as an academy, a status later confirmed by his successor Peter the Great in a decree that also made it a legal person.1689 年学院开设神学班，1694 年沙皇伊凡五世承认其为学院，其继任者彼得大帝随后以敕令确认这一地位，并赋予其法人资格。
• Through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the academy educated political and church elites from Ukraine, Russia, Poland, Belarus, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece, admitting students of every social class.在十七与十八世纪，该学院培养来自乌克兰、俄罗斯、波兰、白俄罗斯、罗马尼亚、塞尔维亚、保加利亚与希腊的政治与教会精英，不论学生出身贵贱均可入学。
• Its alumni carried the model abroad, helping to found the Vasilian College in Moldavia and the Slavic Greek Latin Academy in Moscow, while Cossack hetmans acted as its patrons and benefactors.其校友把这一办学模式带到外地，协助创办摩尔达维亚的瓦西里学院与莫斯科的斯拉夫希腊拉丁学院，而哥萨克盖特曼则充当学院的庇护者与资助人。
• In 1744 the academy counted 722 students from secular classes against 380 from the clergy, and the full course ran twelve years through eight classes that included mathematics and French, German, Russian, Polish and Hebrew.1744 年，学院有 722 名世俗阶层学生与 380 名神职人员子弟，完整学程长达十二年、分为八个班次，课程包含数学以及法语、德语、俄语、波兰语与希伯来语。
• During the 1760s Hetman Kyrylo Rozumovskyi and Field Marshal Pyotr Rumyantsev proposed turning the academy into a full university, but the Russian government rejected each project.1760 年代，盖特曼基里洛·罗祖莫夫斯基与元帅彼得·鲁缅采夫先后建议把学院升格为完整大学，均遭俄国政府否决。
• The secularisation of monastery properties in 1786 left the academy dependent on state financing, and teaching grew increasingly Russified and less secular in the decades that followed.1786 年修道院财产被世俗化后，学院只能依赖国家拨款，此后数十年教学日益俄罗斯化，世俗色彩也逐渐消退。
• Tsar Alexander I decided to close the academy in 1817, and although alumni petitioned him to convert it into a university, the institution was handed to the church in 1819 as the Kiev Theological Academy.沙皇亚历山大一世于 1817 年决定关闭学院，尽管校友联名请愿要求将其改为大学，学院仍在 1819 年移交教会，成为基辅神学院。
• The theological academy admitted only the sons of clergy and appointed its key officers from graduates of the Saint Petersburg Seminary, while Kyiv's secular higher education waited until the founding of Saint Vladimir University in 1834.这所神学院只招收神职人员之子，要职多由圣彼得堡神学院毕业生出任，基辅的世俗高等教育则要等到 1834 年圣弗拉基米尔大学创办。
• After the October Revolution of 1917 the Soviet authorities closed the theological academy, its library was plundered in the 1920s, and the Bogoyavlenskiy Cathedral was blown up in 1935.1917 年十月革命后，苏维埃当局关闭了这所神学院，其图书馆在 1920 年代遭洗劫，主教堂博戈亚夫连斯基大教堂则于 1935 年被炸毁。
• The vacated buildings became the Kyiv Higher Naval Political School, the only Soviet naval academy for political commissars, and a mosaic of a warship and Lenin quotations was left on one facade.腾空的建筑改作基辅高等海军政治学校，这是苏联唯一培养海军政治委员的院校，一面外墙上留下了军舰与列宁语录的马赛克。
• After perestroika and the fall of the Soviet Union, the academy was reestablished in 1991 through the efforts of the literary scholar Vyacheslav Bryukhovetsky, who became its first president.在改革与苏联解体之后，学院于 1991 年在文学学者维亚切斯拉夫·布留霍韦茨基的推动下重建，他本人出任首任校长。
• On 24 August 1992, the first anniversary of Ukraine's independence, the first cohort matriculated, and six graduates received degrees in June 1995 from a programme built on North American credit requirements.1992 年 8 月 24 日乌克兰独立一周年当天，首批学生入学，六名毕业生于 1995 年 6 月按北美学分制要求完成学业并获得学位。
• NaUKMA helped revive the Ostroh Academy in 1994 and shared its admissions system with kindred institutions, and in 2000 Ostroh joined the group of Ukrainian national research universities.该校于 1994 年协助重建奥斯特罗学院，并与志同道合的院校共用招生制度，奥斯特罗学院则在 2000 年跻身乌克兰国立研究型大学之列。
• Students and professors were among the first to protest against electoral fraud in the 2004 presidential election, and the campus served as a headquarters for the Orange Revolution, later commemorated in a university museum.该校师生是最早抗议 2004 年总统选举舞弊的群体之一，校园成为橙色革命的活动据点，校方后来设立博物馆纪念这段经历。
• Russia's full-scale invasion in February 2022 forced lectures into shelters and online formats, yet the university kept its admissions, examinations and graduation ceremonies running through the war years.2022 年 2 月俄罗斯全面入侵后，课堂转入防空洞与线上进行，但该校在战争年代仍维持招生、考试与毕业典礼的运转。

Academics

• Research and teaching are organised into six faculties, 29 departments and 24 research centres, with economics, law and the humanities as the strongest fields.该校的教学与研究分为六个学院、二十九个系与二十四个研究中心，其中经济、法律与人文是最强的领域。
• The university holds the highest accreditation level awarded by Ukraine's Ministry of Education and Science, and its governance follows a North American pattern with a president, a scientific board and a supervising board.该校持有乌克兰教育科学部授予的最高认证等级，治理结构仿照北美模式，设校长、学术委员会与监管委员会。
• The academic year runs on a trimester system with long autumn and spring terms and a short summer term, and each of the two main terms adds a week of independent study before examinations.学年采用三学期制，秋季与春季学期较长，夏季学期较短，两个主要学期在考试前各增设一周自主学习时间。
• Courses carry credits based on contact hours and are graded on a hundred-point scale, and undergraduates choose a major with either a minor or a set of electives.课程按学时折算学分，成绩以百分制评定，大学部学生须选定主修，并搭配辅修或一组选修课程。
• Bachelor's graduates may continue into any master's programme, and the university also awards the MBA, the candidate of science degree and the doctor of science degree.学士毕业生可申请该校任何硕士项目，校方并授予工商管理硕士、副博士与博士学位。
• NaUKMA was the first Ukrainian university to join the Bologna process reform of doctoral education, and its PhD programmes follow European supervision and defence rules.该校是乌克兰第一所加入博洛尼亚进程博士教育改革的高校，其博士项目遵循欧洲的导师指导与答辩规范。
• Teaching is bilingual in Ukrainian and English, with Ukrainian dominant in law and the humanities and English increasingly used in economics, business and international programmes.教学以乌克兰语与英语双语进行，法律与人文以乌克兰语为主，经济、商业与国际项目则越来越多使用英语。
• A master's programme in German and European studies is offered with the University of Jena and taught in German, drawing students who intend to work in German-Ukrainian relations.该校与耶拿大学合办德语授课的德国与欧洲研究硕士项目，吸引有志于从事德乌关系工作的学生。
• Business courses in English are run with Grant MacEwan College of Edmonton in Canada, one of the earliest Western partnerships established after the university's reestablishment.该校与加拿大埃德蒙顿的格兰特·麦克尤恩学院合办英语商业课程，这是重建后最早的西方合作项目之一。
• An annual summer school in Ukrainian studies and an English-language term called Transitional Studies bring foreign students to Kyiv for language, history and social science courses.一年一度的乌克兰研究暑期学校与名为「转型研究」的英语学期项目，把外国学生带到基辅学习语言、历史与社会科学。
• Admission rests on machine-scored entrance examinations in Ukrainian, English, history, mathematics, law, literature or natural science, and unusually for Ukraine also on the history of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.入学依据机器阅卷的入学考试，科目包括乌克兰语、英语、历史、数学、法律、文学或自然科学，并按乌克兰罕见的方式加考基辅莫希拉学院院史。
• The examination system was introduced to curb corruption in admissions, and the papers cover a broader range of subjects than the entrance tests of most other Ukrainian universities.这套考试制度旨在遏制招生腐败，其科目范围也比乌克兰多数其他大学的入学测验更广。
• A Department of Preuniversity Training runs preparation courses and trial examinations for school pupils who intend to apply, many of them from smaller towns outside Kyiv.大学预科部为有意报考的中学学生开设辅导课程与模拟考试，其中不少来自基辅以外的小城镇。
• The university is an umbrella for a network of collegiums, secondary schools across Ukraine whose curricula are designed to prepare pupils for the NaUKMA entrance examinations.该校还是一个中学联盟的核心，遍布乌克兰的这类合作中学以帮助学生通过基辅莫希拉学院入学考试为课程目标。
• It helped establish the National University of Ostroh Academy, the Taras Shevchenko Pedagogical University of Kremenets and the Petro Mohyla State University of Mykolayiv before those institutions became independent.在该校协助下，国立奥斯特罗学院、克列梅涅茨塔拉斯·舍甫琴科师范大学与尼古拉耶夫彼得罗·莫希拉国立大学相继建立，其后各自独立。
• The university publishing house, also called Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, issues scholarly and textbook literature and is one of the few academic presses in Ukraine with a national distribution.校办出版社同样以基辅莫希拉学院为名，出版学术著作与教科书，是乌克兰少数拥有全国发行渠道的学术出版社之一。
• The library combines a central undergraduate collection with departmental libraries, and the Goethe-Institut, the British Council and the American Library keep public reading rooms on campus.图书馆由大学部总馆与各系分馆组成，歌德学院、英国文化协会与美国图书馆也在校内设有向公众开放的阅览室。

Campus

• The campus runs from Kontraktova Square down to the Dnipro River in Podil, the old mercantile quarter of Kyiv where the academy has stood since the seventeenth century.校园从契约广场一路延伸至波迪尔区的第聂伯河畔，这一基辅古老的商贸街区自十七世纪起就是学院的所在地。
• Its oldest buildings date from the seventeenth century, among them the Halshka Hulevychivna house and the old academic building known as the Mazepa building after its financier.最古老的建筑可追溯至十七世纪，包括哈尔什卡·胡列维奇夫娜故居与以出资人命名的马泽帕楼。
• The Mazepa building contains the congregation hall used for ceremonies, the Center for Contemporary Art and the research library, and its bell tower is one of the landmarks of Podil.马泽帕楼内有举行典礼的大礼堂、当代艺术中心与研究图书馆，其钟楼是波迪尔区的地标之一。
• The Annunciation Church, built in 1740 for students, still stands on campus, and the bursa, a former student dormitory, faces the river below the main buildings.1740 年为师生修建的报喜教堂仍立于校园内，曾作学生宿舍的「布尔萨」楼则位于主楼下方、面向第聂伯河。
• A museum complex preserves the site's history with a sundial and the house of Halshka Hulevychivna, which was the first building of the Kyiv Brotherhood School.校史博物馆区以日晷与哈尔什卡·胡列维奇夫娜故居保存这片校址的历史，后者正是基辅兄弟会学校的第一栋校舍。
• Most other buildings date from the Kiev Theological Academy and received additions in the Soviet period, when the site served as a naval political school.其余建筑多建于基辅神学院时期，并在苏联时期作为海军政治学校时有所增建。
• Dormitories lie outside the historic campus, the largest in Troyeshchyna and others near the Kharkiv highway, on John McCain Street and in the town of Vorzel, where master's and doctoral students are mostly housed.宿舍位于历史校区之外，最大的一处在特罗耶什奇纳，另有哈尔科夫公路、约翰·麦凯恩街与沃尔泽尔镇的宿舍，硕士与博士生多住在后者。
• A student-initiated Green Office at the Department of Environmental Studies uses energy-saving technology and was the first sustainable office of its kind in a Ukrainian university.环境研究系内由学生发起的绿色办公室采用节能技术，是乌克兰高校中第一个此类可持续办公空间。
• The campus sits between the river embankment and Kyiv's historic commercial streets, and its courtyards open onto views of the Dnipro and the Podil skyline.校园夹在第聂伯河堤岸与基辅历史商业街之间，院落向外可望见河面与波迪尔的天际线。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the university is placed in the 1201-1400 band, its only appearance among the four major global tables this cycle.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校处于 1201-1400 区间，这是它本轮四大全球榜单中唯一的入榜记录。
• The university does not enter the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and it is absent from both the 2026-2027 U.S. News global table and the 2026 ShanghaiRanking main list.该校未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，也未出现在 2026-2027 年度《美国新闻与世界报道》全球大学榜单与 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜之中。
• Domestic rankings have consistently placed it near the top: the business magazine Delovoy ranked it second in Ukraine in 2009, first in the humanities and second in law.国内排名长期把它置于前列，商业杂志《生意》在 2009 年将其列为乌克兰第二，人文第一、法律第二。
• The Ministry of Education and Science and the weekly Dzerkalo Tyzhnia both placed it third among Ukrainian universities in 2007, and the Delovoy ranking of the same year called its business school the best in the country.2007 年，乌克兰教育科学部与《镜报》周刊均将其列为乌克兰第三，同年《生意》杂志的排名则称其商学院为全国最佳。
• UNESCO's Top-200 Ukraine ranking put it fourth in 2007, and the independent Compas survey placed it second for the fit between its graduates and the labour market.联合国教科文组织的「乌克兰二百强」排名在 2007 年将其列为第四，独立机构 Compas 的调查则因其毕业生与劳动力市场的契合度把它排在第二。
• In the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities it stands around 2,055th among some 8,000 institutions, second among Ukrainian universities.在 Webometrics 世界大学排名中，该校在约八千所院校里位列第 2,055 名左右，居乌克兰高校第二。
• OpenAlex indexes about 5,300 works by its researchers and some 26,333 citations, a small output that reflects a university concentrated in law, economics and the humanities.OpenAlex 收录该校研究人员约 5,300 项成果，累计被引约 26,333 次，产出规模不大，反映其学科集中于法律、经济与人文。
• The university's public profile is strongly pro-Western, and it has served as a meeting place for reform politicians, foreign visitors and civil society organisations since the 1990s.该校的公共形象明显亲西方，自 1990 年代以来一直是改革派政治人物、外国访客与公民社会组织的聚会场所。
• Its graduates are recruited by international companies, research institutes and government bodies, and a large share continue their studies at universities in Poland, Germany and North America.该校毕业生受雇于国际企业、研究机构与政府机关，相当比例的人前往波兰、德国与北美的大学继续深造。
• The university's small size is presented as an advantage: classes are seminar-sized, professors know their students, and admission is among the most selective in the country.该校把规模小当作优势，课程多以研讨班形式进行，教授熟悉学生，招生选拔也被视为全国最严格之列。

Student life

• Student organisations include the Student Council, the Christian Students Union, the Mohyla Intellectual Club, the Student Brotherhood and the ecological club Zelena Hvylya.学生组织包括学生会、基督徒学生联合会、莫希拉知识俱乐部、学生兄弟会与生态社团「绿浪」。
• The Youth Center for Humanities and the student portal Bo.Net.Ua connect current students with alumni, and the portal is used to announce lectures, competitions and reunions.人文青年中心与学生门户 Bo.Net.Ua 把在校生与校友联系起来，讲座、竞赛与聚会消息多在该平台发布。
• Physical education is compulsory for the first two years, and students choose from calisthenics, football, basketball, volleyball, swimming, Combat Hopak and Go.体育课在前两年为必修，学生可选修体操、足球、篮球、排球、游泳、战斗霍帕克与围棋。
• The Center of Culture and Art and the Center for Contemporary Art run choirs, theatre groups and exhibitions, and student verteps, the traditional Christmas puppet plays, are performed at festive events.文化艺术中心与当代艺术中心组织合唱团、剧社与展览，学生并在节庆活动中演出传统的圣诞木偶剧「韦尔泰普」。
• Academy Day falls on 15 October, when students wash the statue of the philosopher Hryhorii Skovoroda in an event known as clean Skovoroda.每年 10 月 15 日为学院日，学生在这天擦洗哲学家格里戈里·斯科沃罗达的雕像，活动被称为「擦亮斯科沃罗达」。
• At the graduation ceremony on 28 June the Skovoroda monument wears a mortarboard, and new graduates touch the shell of Alma, the university turtle, while making a wish.6 月 28 日的毕业典礼上，斯科沃罗达纪念像会被戴上学位帽，毕业生则一边触摸校龟「阿尔玛」的龟壳一边许愿。
• Each academic year opens with a welcome ceremony in which new students take a traditional oath, followed by a lecture from a distinguished scholar granted an honorary professorship.每个学年以迎新典礼开始，新生在典礼上宣读传统誓词，随后由获授荣誉教授的知名学者发表演讲。
• First-year students introduce themselves to the academic community at an acquaintance ball held during the first trimester, a custom revived from the academy's early modern past.一年级学生在第一学期举行的相识舞会上向学术共同体介绍自己，这一习俗复兴自学院近代早期的传统。
• Student activism is a campus tradition, visible in the Orange Revolution of 2004 and the Euromaidan protests of 2013 and 2014, when students and staff supported the demonstrations in central Kyiv.学生行动主义是校园传统，2004 年橙色革命与 2013 至 2014 年的欧亚广场抗议中，师生都支持了基辅市中心的示威。
• Since 2022 air-raid alerts have interrupted teaching, and the university has organised shelter classes, psychological support and volunteer drives for the armed forces and displaced families.2022 年以来空袭警报时常打断教学，校方组织了防空洞课程、心理支持，并为武装部队与流离失所家庭发起志愿募捐。

Notable people

• Ivan Mazepa, hetman of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, studied at the academy and later financed its main building, which still bears his name.扎波罗热哥萨克盖特曼伊万·马泽帕曾在该学院就读，后来出资兴建其主楼，该楼至今以他命名。
• Pylyp Orlyk, Mazepa's successor in exile, drafted one of Europe's early constitutional texts in 1710 and is counted among the academy's alumni.皮利普·奥尔雷克是马泽帕流亡后的继任者，于 1710 年起草了欧洲早期的宪法文本之一，被列为该学院校友。
• Hryhorii Skovoroda, the wandering philosopher of the Ukrainian Enlightenment, studied at the academy, and his statue now faces students at the Podil campus.乌克兰启蒙时代的游历哲学家格里戈里·斯科沃罗达曾在该学院求学，他的雕像如今矗立在波迪尔校区面对学生。
• Feofan Prokopovich, a rector of the academy, drafted and carried out Peter the Great's reform of the Russian Orthodox Church and became archbishop of Novgorod.费奥凡·普罗科波维奇曾任该学院院长，起草并推行彼得大帝的俄罗斯东正教会改革，后出任诺夫哥罗德大主教。
• Mikhail Lomonosov, the Russian scientist who founded Moscow University, studied briefly at the academy before continuing his education in Germany.创办莫斯科大学的俄国科学家米哈伊尔·罗蒙诺索夫曾在该学院短期求学，随后前往德国继续学业。
• Alexander Bezborodko, grand chancellor of the Russian Empire, was of Ukrainian Cossack origin and an alumnus of the academy.俄罗斯帝国首席大臣亚历山大·别兹博罗德科出身乌克兰哥萨克，是该学院的校友。
• Artemy Vedel, a composer of Orthodox choral music, studied at the academy and later taught at the Kyiv Theological Academy.东正教合唱音乐作曲家阿尔捷米·韦杰尔曾在该学院就读，后来在基辅神学院任教。
• Ivan Hryhorovych-Barskyi, an architect of the Ukrainian baroque, was educated at the academy and designed churches and buildings in Kyiv and beyond.乌克兰巴洛克建筑师伊万·赫里霍罗维奇-巴尔斯基在该学院受教育，在基辅及外地设计过多座教堂与建筑。
• Andriy Shevchenko, a journalist who became Ukraine's ambassador to Canada, studied at NaUKMA before entering politics and diplomacy.安德烈·舍甫琴科是记者出身，后出任乌克兰驻加拿大大使，在进入政治与外交界之前就读于该校。
• Myroslav Laiuk and Maryna Sokolyan, two contemporary Ukrainian writers, studied at NaUKMA, and their novels describe the student life of the post-Soviet campus.米罗斯拉夫·莱乌克与玛丽娜·索科良是两位当代乌克兰作家，均曾就读于该校，其小说描写后苏联时期校园的学生生活。
• Alexei Mateevici, the Moldavian poet, studied at the Kiev Theological Academy in the period after 1819, when the institution had become a purely clerical school.摩尔达维亚诗人阿列克谢·马捷耶维奇在 1819 年之后就读于基辅神学院，当时该校已变为纯粹的神职学校。