National Autonomous University of Mexico

The National Autonomous University of Mexico, known as UNAM in English and as the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México in Spanish, is a public research university in Mexico City with campuses in the capital and elsewhere in the country and a presence in nine other countries, and with more than 324,000 students it is one of the largest universities in the world.墨西哥国立自治大学在英语中通称 UNAM，在西班牙语中全称为 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México，是一所位于墨西哥城的公立研究型大学，除首都校区外在墨境内另有多处校园，并在另外九个国家设有机构；全校学生逾 32.4 万人，是世界上规模最大的大学之一。

*{en:The main campus, Ciudad Universitaria, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in June 2007, hosted the principal events of the 1968 Summer Olympics, was the birthplace of the student movement of 1968, employs 43,156 academic staff and had 372,755 students in the 2025 academic year, of whom 232,106 were undergraduates, and every Nobel laureate Mexico has produced is an alumnus of the university.; zh:主校区大学城于 2007 年 6 月被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，承办了 1968 年夏季奥运会的主要赛事，也是 1968 年学生运动的发源地。学校 2025 学年的教职员工为 43,156 人，在校生 372,755 人，其中本科生 232,106 人；墨西哥迄今产生的所有诺贝尔奖得主都是这所大学的校友。}-

History

• The university's remote ancestor, the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico, was founded on 21 September 1551 by a royal decree signed by the Crown Prince Philip II on behalf of Charles I of Spain, the first western-style university in North America, and that institution was brought to a definitive closure in 1865 by Maximilian I of Mexico.这所大学的远祖是墨西哥皇家暨宗座大学，1551 年 9 月 21 日依据代表西班牙国王查理一世的王储腓力二世签署的敕令而建立，是北美第一所西式大学；该机构最终于 1865 年被墨西哥马克西米连诺一世彻底关闭。

• The university was founded in its modern form on 22 September 1910 by Justo Sierra, then minister of education in the Porfiriato, who sought to create something wholly different from his nineteenth-century predecessor and, instead of reviving an institution tied to the Roman Catholic Church, set out to merge the capital's scattered colleges into a secular and national university that could reorganise higher education and serve as a model of positivism.现代意义上的墨西哥国立自治大学由胡斯托·谢拉于 1910 年 9 月 22 日创建；他当时是波费里奥·迪亚斯政府的教育部长，意在彻底有别于 19 世纪的前身。他并未复活一所与罗马天主教会有紧密联系的旧校，而是要把首都各分散学院合并为一所世俗、全国性的大学，用以重整全国高等教育并树立实证主义的典范。

• The project initially brought together the schools of fine arts, business, political science, jurisprudence, engineering, medicine and the normal school together with the National Preparatory School, and its first rector was Joaquin Eguia y Lis, who had to steer an institution whose creation was opposed on philosophical grounds by some of those it displaced.该项目最初整合了美术、商业、政治、法学、工程、医学等学院与师范学校，以及公立预科学校；首任校长是华金·埃圭亚·伊·利斯。他不得不带领这所新生机构，抵挡因理念不合而受到的部分人的抵制。

• The new university's difficulties were mostly political, because the Mexican Revolution was still under way and the federal government controlled its policies and curriculum directly, and the first student strike came in 1912 to protest the examination methods introduced by the dean of the School of Jurisprudence, by July of which year most of the law students had left for the newly created Free School of Law.新大学的困难主要来自政治层面：墨西哥革命仍在进行，联邦政府直接控制着学校的政策与课程。1912 年爆发首次学生罢课，以抗议法学院院长路易斯·卡布雷拉·洛瓦托引入的考试方式；到当年 7 月，法学院多数学生已离开学校，转入新成立的自由法学院。

• The first attempt to win autonomy for the university, in 1914, failed, but in 1920 Jose Vasconcelos became rector and in 1921 he designed the school coat of arms, an eagle and a condor surrounding a map of Latin America, together with the motto for which the university is still known.1914 年，学校争取自治的第一次尝试失败；1920 年何塞·巴斯孔塞洛斯出任校长，并于 1921 年设计了校徽——一只鹰与一只鹫环护着拉丁美洲地图——以及学校沿用至今的校训。

• Efforts to win autonomy continued through the early 1920s, and a second wave of student strikes in the middle of that decade, including classroom walkouts in the law school and confrontations with police at the medical school, ended in negotiations that gave the university autonomy, so that it ceased to be a dependency of the Secretariat of Public Education and the rector became the final authority, removing much of the confusing overlap of jurisdiction.20 世纪 20 年代初争取自治的努力仍在继续；该十年中期爆发的第二波学潮，包括法学院的主课堂罢课与医学院同警察的冲突，最终通过谈判换来自治。大学自此不再隶属于公共教育部，校长成为最终权威，此前混乱交叉的管理权也随之消除。

• In 1929 the government granted the university control over its curriculum and its budget, which raised its academic freedom and independence, and in the early 1930s the rector Manuel Gomez Morin successfully resisted the government's attempt to impose socialist education on Mexican universities, supported by the Jesuit-founded student group Union Nacional de Estudiantes Catolicos.1929 年，政府把课程设置与预算管理权授予学校，提高了其学术自由与独立性；20 世纪 30 年代初，校长曼努埃尔·戈麦斯·莫林在天主教学生团体「全国天主教学生联合会」支持下，成功抵制了政府在墨西哥各大学推行社会主义教育的企图。

• UNAM supported the recognition of the academic certificates of Catholic preparatory schools and played an important part in the founding of the Jesuit Universidad Iberoamericana in 1943, though in later years it opposed that institution's proposals to open majors in industrial relations and communications.学校支持天主教预科学校学历的同等认定，并在 1943 年耶稣会创办墨西哥城伊比利亚美洲大学的过程中发挥了重要作用；但数年后，学校又反对该校设立劳资关系与传播专业的建议。

• The decision to move from the buildings scattered through the centre of the capital to one consolidated campus was taken in 1943, the campus to be built at San Angel in the south of the city, and the first stone laid there was that of the Faculty of Sciences on 20 November 1952 in a ceremony attended by President Miguel Aleman Valdes, the same day on which work began on the University Olympic Stadium.1943 年，学校决定把分散在首都各处的校舍迁往一处集中的新校园，选址为城市南部的圣安赫尔；1952 年 11 月 20 日，总统米格尔·阿莱曼·巴尔德斯出席第一块奠基石的奠基仪式，这块基石属于理学院，同日大学奥林匹克体育场也破土动工。

• The idea of a university city came originally from two students of the National School of Architecture, Mauricio De Maria y Campos and Marcial Gutierrez Camarena, who proposed it in 1928, and the campus was built through the 1950s on an ancient solidified lava bed to replace the scattered downtown buildings, completed in 1954 and containing some forty schools and institutes, a cultural centre, an ecological reserve, a central library and a few museums.大学城的构想最初来自国立建筑学院的两名学生毛里西奥·德·马里亚·伊·坎波斯与马西阿尔·古铁雷斯·卡马雷纳，他们于 1928 年提出这一设想；校园在 20 世纪 50 年代建于一片古老的凝固熔岩岩床上，用以取代市中心分散的校舍，1954 年竣工，内有约四十所学校与学院、文化中心、生态保护区、中央图书馆与若干博物馆。

• the architects Mario Pani, Armando Franco Rovira, Enrique del Moral, Eugenio Peschard, Ernesto Gomez Gallardo and Domingo Garcia Ramos acted as directors and coordinators who assigned each architect to a building, and the central library, designed by Juan O'Gorman and decorated with murals by Juan O'Gorman and David Alfaro Siqueiros, became the most recognisable building on the site.校园的建筑形态由马尔科斯·加西亚·巴罗及其合作者塑造，参与设计的建筑师包括马里奥·帕尼、阿曼多·弗兰科·罗维拉、恩里克·德尔·莫拉尔、欧内斯托·佩沙德、埃内斯托·戈麦斯·加利亚多与多明戈·加西亚·拉莫斯。由胡安·奥戈尔曼设计、墙面饰有胡安·奥戈尔曼与戴维·阿尔法罗·西凯罗斯壁画的中央图书馆，成为校园最具辨识度的建筑。

• Another major student strike, again over examination regulations, occurred in 1966, when students invaded the rectorate and forced the rector to resign, the board of regents refused to accept the resignation, the professors struck in turn and paralysed the university, and in the summer police took over several preparatory school campuses where injuries occurred.1966 年又爆发一次以考试规章为导火索的大规模学潮：学生闯入校长办公室迫使校长辞职，校董会拒绝接受辞呈，教师继而罢教使学校陷入瘫痪；到夏季，警方向数所预科校园进驻，并发生人员受伤事件。

• Students at UNAM and other Mexico City universities mobilised in what became known as Mexico 68, protesting the 1968 Olympics and wider political tensions, in August 1968 protests formed on the main campus and in the city centre and grew into a movement demanding the resignation of the police chief, and during a meeting of student leaders the army fired on the Chihuahua building in Tlatelolco, where many were killed, wounded or detained.墨西哥国立自治大学的学生与墨西哥城其他高校一同参与了被称为「68 年墨西哥」的动员，反对 1968 年奥运会与更广泛的政治紧张局势；1968 年 8 月，主校区与市中心形成抗议并发展为要求警察局长下台的学生运动。在一次学生领袖集会期间，军队向特拉特洛尔科的奇瓦瓦楼开枪，造成许多人死亡、受伤或被拘留。

• Only ten days later the 1968 Olympic Games opened at the University Stadium and the university was shut down for the duration, while the 1970s and 1980s saw satellite campuses open in other parts of Mexico and its surroundings in order to decentralise the system, with some minor strikes over grading and tuition.仅十天之后，1968 年夏季奥运会在大学体育场开幕，学校在此期间关闭；20 世纪 70 至 80 年代，学校在墨西哥其他地区及周边开设卫星校园以分散办学体系，其间也发生过一些围绕分级与学费的小规模罢课。

• The last major student strike came in 1999 and 2000, when students shut down the campus for almost a year to protest a proposed charge of the equivalent of 150 United States dollars per semester for students who could afford it, referendums were held by both sides and neither accepted the other's result, and on 7 February 2000 police stormed the occupied buildings under a judge's order.最近一次大规模学潮发生在 1999 至 2000 年：学生关闭校园将近一年，以抗议校方拟对负担得起的学生每学期收取约 150 美元的学费。双方均举行投票却互不接受对方结果；2000 年 2 月 7 日，警方奉法官命令突袭了罢课者占据的建筑。

• In June 2007 the main campus, Ciudad Universitaria, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and in 2009 the university was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities and began a series of centennial celebrations that ran until 2011.2007 年 6 月，主校区大学城被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产；2009 年，学校获颁阿斯图里亚斯亲王交流与人文奖，并启动持续到 2011 年的建校百周年系列庆典。

• In 2016 the university adopted United Nations platforms across all of its campuses to support and empower women, and it has actively opened fields such as technology to minorities, organising with Google some of the largest hackathons for women in Latin America.2016 年，学校在所有校园采纳联合国关于支持与赋权妇女的行动纲领；同时学校积极向技术等新兴领域开放少数群体，并与谷歌合作举办了拉丁美洲规模最大的若干女性黑客松。

• The National Astronomical Observatory in the Sierra San Pedro Martir mountains of Baja California, about 130 kilometres south of the United States border, has been in operation since 1970 and operates three large reflecting telescopes, while the National Biodiversity Pavilion opened in 2021 with the sponsorship of the businessman Carlos Slim and displays specimens of local Mexican flora and fauna.位于下加利福尼亚州圣佩德罗·马蒂尔山脉、距美墨边境以南约 130 公里的国家天文台自 1970 年起运行，拥有三座大型反射望远镜；国家生物多样性馆于 2021 年在企业家卡洛斯·斯隆资助下开幕，展出墨西哥本地动植物标本。

• Scientific computing at the university began with its first supercomputer, Sirio, installed in 1991 as a Cray Y/MP, and since 2013 it has operated a second machine named Miztli for scientific research, while the College of Sciences also endowed the campus with a museum of the natural sciences and the San Ildefonso complex, closed as a school in 1978, reopened as a museum and cultural centre in 1994 and regarded as the birthplace of Mexican muralism.学校的科学计算始于 1991 年安装的首台超级计算机 Sirio（型号 Cray Y/MP），自 2013 年起运行第二台名为 Miztli 的机器用于科学研究；理学院还为校园留下了自然科学博物馆与圣伊尔德丰索建筑群——后者 1978 年作为学校停办，1994 年作为博物馆与文化中心重开，被视为墨西哥壁画运动的诞生地。

Academics

• UNAM is organised into schools and colleges rather than departments, and it also runs the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria, a national preparatory school with nine high schools, and the Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades with five high schools, both in Mexico City, while the Faculty of High Studies, or FES, runs five further campuses at Acatlan, Aragon, Cuautitlan, Iztacala and Zaragoza.学校按「学院」而非「系」组织，并直接管辖位于墨西哥城的公立预科学校（设九所中学）与科学与人文学院（设五所中学）；此外还有高等研究学院，在阿卡特兰、阿拉贡、库奥蒂特兰、伊兹塔卡拉与萨拉戈萨设有五个校区。

• Most schools offer both undergraduate and graduate degrees, covering accounting and administration, architecture, arts and design, chemistry, economics, engineering, law, medicine, music, odontology, philosophy and letters, political and social sciences, psychology, sciences, veterinary medicine and animal science, and the five Faculty of High Studies sites, while the schools UNAM calls national schools offer undergraduate study only because they concentrate on practical training.多数学院同时提供本科与研究生课程，涵盖会计与行政、建筑、艺术与设计、化学、经济、工程、法学、医学、音乐、牙医、哲学与文学、政治与社会科学、心理学、理学、兽医与动物学，以及五个高等研究学院校区；而学校称为「国立学院」的几所因以实务训练为主，只提供本科阶段的学习。

• The national schools, which teach only at undergraduate level, are the National School of Cinematographic Arts, the National School of Earth Sciences, the National School of Languages, Linguistics and Translation, the National School of Nursing and Obstetrics and the National School of Social Work, so that film, geology, translation, midwifery and social work in Mexico have their principal training centres inside the university.只设本科阶段的「国立学院」包括国立电影艺术学院、国立地球科学学院、国立语言、语文学与翻译学院、国立护理与助产学院以及国立社会工作学院；墨西哥的电影、地质、翻译、助产与社会工作领域，其主要培养中心都设在这所大学内部。

• In the 2025 academic year the university had 372,755 students, of whom 232,106 were undergraduates and 33,851 postgraduates, together with 106,087 secondary level pupils counted in 2023, supported by 43,156 academic staff, and counting the preparatory schools, the College of Sciences and Humanities, the Faculty of High Studies, the secondary, undergraduate and graduate students together gives a total above 324,413.2025 学年学校有在校生 372,755 人，其中本科生 232,106 人、研究生 33,851 人；连同 2023 年计入的 106,087 名中学阶段学生，教职员工为 43,156 人。若把预科学校、科学与人文学院、高等研究学院，以及中学、本科与研究生各阶段学生一并计算，总数超过 324,413 人。

• Its budget for 2025 was 3.1 billion United States dollars, and the university operates 34 research institutes, 26 museums and 18 historic sites, a network that makes it simultaneously a university, a research centre, a museum authority and the country's principal training institution for civil servants.学校 2025 年预算为 31 亿美元，并运营 34 个研究所、26 座博物馆与 18 处历史遗址；这一网络使它同时是一所大学、一个研究中心、一座博物馆主管机构，以及墨西哥培养公务员的主要机构。

• Scientific research at UNAM is divided among its colleges, schools, institutes and centres, and the named institutes include the Institute of Astronomy, the Institute of Biotechnology, the Institute of Nuclear Sciences, the Institute of Ecology, the Institute of Physics, the Institute of Renewable Energies, the Institute of Cell Physiology, the Institute of Geophysics, the Institute of Engineering, the Institute of Materials Research, the Institute of Chemistry, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and the Institute of Applied Mathematics and Systems Research.学校的科学研究分布在各学院、院系、研究所与中心之间，具名研究所包括天文研究所、生物技术研究所、核科学研究所、生态研究所、物理研究所、可再生能源研究所、细胞生理研究所、地球物理研究所、工程研究所、材料研究所、化学研究所、生物医学研究所以及应用数学与系统研究所。

• Research centres tend to focus on multidisciplinary problems of particular relevance to Mexico and the developing world, most notably the Center for Applied Sciences and Technological Development, which connects the sciences to real world problems such as optics and nanosciences, and the Center for Energy Research, which studies alternative forms of energy, and all of these centres admit students from every part of the world.各研究中心多聚焦于与墨西哥及发展中国家密切相关的多学科问题，其中最负盛名的是应用科学与技术发展中心，致力于把科学与光学、纳米科学等现实问题相连接；能源研究中心则从事替代能源研究。这些中心均向全球各地的学生开放。

• Despite the low share of national funding invested in research and development in Mexico, UNAM stands out as a research university with international competitiveness across the fields, and some studies attribute to it more than fifty per cent of the country's scientific production, with other public universities, public hospitals and research centres affiliated with the national science council making up the rest.尽管墨西哥用于研究与发展的国家资金比例偏低，墨西哥国立自治大学仍以全学科的国际竞争力脱颖而出；一些研究把全国超过一半的科研产出归于该校，其余部分则由隶属于国家科学技术委员会的其他公立大学、公共医院与研究中心承担。

• UNAM has been recognised by UNESCO for producing some of the most impactful research on artificial intelligence in the world, it has consistently taken top places in the international RoboCup robotics competition and has often finished first, and it is regarded as one of the most international research universities in Latin America, attracting scientists from Europe, the rest of Latin America, India and the United States.联合国教科文组织曾表彰该校在人工智能领域产出了世界上影响力最大的研究成果之一；学校在国际机器人竞赛 RoboCup 中屡获前列、多次夺冠，并被视为拉丁美洲最具国际化的研究型大学之一，吸引了来自欧洲、拉美其他国家、印度与美国的科学家。

• Research computation has its own named machines, the university installing its first supercomputer Sirio, a Cray Y/MP, in 1991 and since 2013 operating Miztli for scientific work, and it also maintains a research vessel for oceanography together with field stations and natural reserves, which together extend the university's work beyond the campus.科研计算拥有自己的命名机器：学校 1991 年安装首台超级计算机 Sirio（型号 Cray Y/MP），2013 年起运行 Miztli 用于科学研究；学校还拥有海洋考察船以及野外考察站与自然保护区，把研究工作延伸到校园之外。

• The identity of the university is carried by a seal designed by Jose Vasconcelos in 1920 while he was rector, showing a Mexican eagle and an Andean condor forming a double-headed eagle around a map of Latin America running from the northern border of Mexico to Cape Horn, framed by the motto for my race, shall the spirit speak, and a ribbon naming the National Autonomous University of Mexico.学校的标识是校长何塞·巴斯孔塞洛斯于 1920 年任内设计的校徽：一只墨西哥鹰与一只安第斯兀鹫组成双头鹰，环护一幅从墨西哥北部边境延伸至合恩角的拉丁美洲地图，四周环绕着「以种族来表达我的精神」的校训，上方绶带写有学校全名。

• The Sistema de Universidad Abierta y Educacion a Distancia is the alternative to on-campus study, where open programmes require attendance at least once every fifteen days, usually on Saturdays, while distance programmes run entirely online through dedicated platforms, and around 32,000 students are enrolled in open or distance study, which can lead to bachelor and postgraduate degrees.开放大学与远程教育体系是校园教育的替代方案：开放教育项目要求学生至少每十五天到校一次，通常安排在周六；远程教育项目则完全通过专门平台在线完成。目前约有 32,000 名学生注册开放或远程教育项目，可攻读学士与研究生学位。

• Strengths are concentrated in the sciences and medicine, where the School of Medicine, the Institute of Chemistry and the Institute of Nuclear Sciences anchor work that has produced Mexican Nobel laureates, while the Institute of Biotechnology, the National School of Nursing and Obstetrics and the National Astronomical Observatory give the university national mandates in genetics, health care and astronomy.优势学科集中在科学与医学领域：医学院、化学研究所与核科学研究所支撑着孕育墨西哥诺贝尔奖得主的研究；生物技术研究所、国立护理与助产学院与国家天文台，则使学校在遗传学、医疗卫生与天文学方面承担全国性使命。

• Teaching reaches far beyond the capital, with metropolitan campuses at Acatlan, Aragon, Cuautitlan, Iztacala and Zaragoza, regional campuses at Queretaro, Morelia, Merida, Sisal, Ensenada, Cuernavaca, Temixco and Leon aimed mainly at research and graduate study, branch schools in the United States and Canada for Spanish, English and French teaching, and centres for Mexican studies in Beijing, Madrid, San Jose, London and Paris.教学网络远超首都：大都会区设有阿卡特兰、阿拉贡、库奥蒂特兰、伊兹塔卡拉与萨拉戈萨校区；克雷塔罗、莫雷利亚、梅里达、西萨尔、恩塞纳达、库埃纳瓦卡、特米斯科与莱昂等地设有以科研和研究生教育为主的区域校区；在美国与加拿大设有教授西班牙语、英语与法语的分校；并在北京、马德里、圣何塞、伦敦与巴黎设有墨西哥研究中心。

Campus

• Ciudad Universitaria, the main campus, lies in the Coyoacan borough in the southern part of Mexico City at Avenida Universidad 3000, covers 7.3 square kilometres, and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in June 2007, while the area is almost a separate region within the capital, with its own regulations, councils, police, transport and even a supermarket.主校区大学城位于墨西哥城南部科约阿坎区，地址为大学大道 3000 号，占地 7.3 平方公里，2007 年 6 月被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。这片区域几乎是墨西哥城内一个独立的辖区，拥有自己的规章、议事机构、警察、交通甚至超市。

• The campus plan encircles the University Olympic Stadium and gathers some forty schools and institutes, a cultural centre, an ecological reserve, the central library and the National Library of Mexico, and its painted surfaces were produced by some of the best known Mexican architects and painters, with murals by Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros and Jose Clemente Orozco, so that the site is treated as a single work of art as well as a place of teaching.校园以大学奥林匹克体育场为轴心，汇集约四十所学校与学院、文化中心、生态保护区、中央图书馆与墨西哥国家图书馆；其墙面壁画出自墨西哥最负盛名的建筑师与画家之手，包括迭戈·里维拉、戴维·阿尔法罗·西凯罗斯与何塞·克莱门特·奥罗斯科，因此整个园区被视为一件整体艺术品，也是一处教学场所。

• Away from Ciudad Universitaria the university maintains metropolitan campuses at Acatlan, Aragon, Cuautitlan, Iztacala and Zaragoza, together with regional campuses at Queretaro, Morelia, Merida, Sisal, Ensenada, Cuernavaca, Temixco and Leon, the School of Music stands in Coyoacan, and a centre for teaching foreigners runs in Taxco in Guerrero state and in the Polanco district of the capital.除大学城外，学校在墨西哥城大都会区设有阿卡特兰、阿拉贡、库奥蒂特兰、伊兹塔卡拉与萨拉戈萨校区，在克雷塔罗、莫雷利亚、梅里达、西萨尔、恩塞纳达、库埃纳瓦卡、特米斯科与莱昂设有区域校区，音乐学院设在科约阿坎，对外教学中心则在格雷罗州塔斯科以及首都波朗科区运作。

• Smaller stations and centres extend the network to San Cristobal, Oaxaca, Puerto Morelos, Ciudad del Carmen, Tuxtla, Tlapacoyan, Tuxpan, Mazatlan, Hermosillo, San Pedro Martir and Chamela, so that the university's teaching and research presence reaches from the Caribbean to the Pacific coast and from Oaxaca to Baja California.规模更小的站点与中心进一步把网络延伸至圣克里斯托瓦尔、瓦哈卡、莫雷洛斯港、卡门城、图斯特拉、特拉帕科扬、图斯潘、马萨特兰、埃莫西、圣佩德罗·马蒂尔与查梅拉；学校的教学与科研布局因此从加勒比海延伸至太平洋沿岸，从瓦哈卡延伸到下加利福尼亚。

• Extension schools in the United States and Canada, in San Antonio, Los Angeles, Chicago, Seattle and Gatineau, teach Spanish, English and Mexican culture and, in Canada, French, and the university also runs centres for Mexican studies and for teaching foreigners jointly with Beijing Foreign Studies University in China, the Cervantes Institute in Madrid, the University of Costa Rica in San Jose, King's College London in London, Paris-Sorbonne University and California State University Northridge.学校在美国与加拿大设有分校，分布于圣安东尼奥、洛杉矶、芝加哥、西雅图与加蒂诺，教授西班牙语、英语与墨西哥文化，加拿大分校还开设法语课程；学校并与北京外国语大学、马德里的塞万提斯学院、圣何塞的哥斯达黎加大学、伦敦的国王学院、巴黎-索邦大学以及加州州立大学北岭分校合办墨西哥研究中心或对外教学中心。

• Among the university's historic buildings in the centre of the capital is the Colonial Palace of Mining on Tacuba Street, three storeys high, designed by Manuel Tolsa in the eighteenth-century neoclassical style, which houses a permanent exhibition of historical books, mainly topographical and naturalist works by nineteenth-century Mexican scientists, and hosts an international book fair with more than 100,000 visitors a year.学校在首都历史城区的重要建筑包括塔库瓦街的殖民地采矿宫，楼高三层，由曼努埃尔·托尔萨于 18 世纪以新古典主义风格设计；宫内设有历史图书常设展，藏品主要是 19 世纪墨西哥科学家的地形学与博物学著作，每年还承办观众逾十万人次的国际书展。

• Other museums in the university's care include the Museum of San Ildefonso, a former Jesuit boarding school that became the National Preparatory School closely tied to the founding of UNAM and closed in 1978 before reopening as a museum in 1994, the Chopo University Museum, whose two iron towers were designed by Gustave Eiffel, and the Museo Experimental El Eco, a building by Mathias Goeritz that the university bought and renovated in 2004.学校管辖的其他博物馆包括圣伊尔德丰索博物馆——它原是耶稣会寄宿学校，后成为与墨西哥国立自治大学创办密切相关的公立预科学校，1978 年停办，1994 年作为博物馆重开；乔波大学博物馆，其两座铁塔出自古斯塔夫·埃菲尔之手；以及由马蒂亚斯·格里茨设计、学校 2004 年购入并修缮的实验生态博物馆。

• Scientific facilities sit far from the city, with the National Astronomical Observatory on the San Pedro Martir ridge in Baja California operating three large reflecting telescopes since 1970, and the National Biodiversity Pavilion, opened in 2021 in the Carlos Slim-sponsored complex, presenting permanent exhibits of Mexican local flora and fauna alongside the research collections.科研设施多远离市区：国家天文台设在下加利福尼亚州圣佩德罗·马蒂尔山脊，自 1970 年起运行三座大型反射望远镜；国家生物多样性馆于 2021 年在卡洛斯·斯隆资助的园区内开幕，长期展出墨西哥本地动植物，并与科研馆藏并置。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the university places 145th with a score of 62.3, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places it in the 701 to 800 band, and the US News Best Global Universities ranking for 2026 to 2027 places it 416th, a spread that must be read alongside the fact that it educates a far larger student population than any other university in Mexico.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中该校以 62.3 分列第 145 位，在泰晤士高等教育 2027 年世界大学排名中列于 701 至 800 名区间，在 US News 2026 至 2027 年最佳全球大学排名中列第 416 位。这一名次分布需要放在另一个背景下理解：学校培养的学生规模远大于墨西哥任何一所其他大学。

• Every Nobel laureate that Mexico has produced studied at UNAM, namely Alfonso Garcia Robles, awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982, Octavio Paz, awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1990 and Mario Molina, awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995 for his work on the chemistry of the ozone layer, and no Turing Award or Fields Medal laureate is recorded among its alumni or staff.墨西哥迄今产生的每一位诺贝尔奖得主都曾就读于此：1982 年诺贝尔和平奖得主阿方索·加西亚·罗夫莱斯、1990 年诺贝尔文学奖得主奥克塔维奥·帕斯，以及因臭氧层化学研究获 1995 年诺贝尔化学奖的马里奥·莫利纳；该校校友与教师中没有图灵奖或菲尔兹奖得主记录。

• The university received the Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities in 2009, and its main campus was inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 2007 under criteria covering its ensemble of buildings, its open spaces and its cultural expression, a distinction shared by very few universities anywhere.学校于 2009 年获阿斯图里亚斯亲王交流与人文奖；其主校区又于 2007 年由联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》，所依据的标准涵盖建筑群、开放空间与文化表达三方面，能获此殊荣的大学在全球范围内都屈指可数。

• In the OpenAlex database the university is registered under the identifier I8961855 with 274,188 works and 10,282,419 citations, an output that, spread over more than 40,000 academic staff, is one of the largest research records of any single institution in Latin America.在 OpenAlex 数据库中，该校机构标识为 I8961855，收录作品 274,188 篇、被引 10,282,419 次；分摊到四万多名教职人员身上，这已是拉丁美洲任何单一机构中数一数二的科研记录。

• More than a quarter of all the scientific papers published by Mexican scholars come from researchers at the university, and it has been recognised as one of the leading producers of research on artificial intelligence in the world while repeatedly taking first place in the international RoboCup robotics competition.墨西哥学者发表的科研论文中，超过四分之一出自这所大学的研究人员；学校还被公认为全球人工智能研究的领先产出者之一，并在国际机器人竞赛 RoboCup 中屡夺第一。

• National and regional standing is equally clear, since most academic rankings place UNAM first in Mexico and in the top ten in Latin America, and its 43,156 academic staff support 34 research institutes, 26 museums and 18 historic sites, a density of research infrastructure unmatched by any other university in the country.国内与地区地位同样明确：多数学术排名把墨西哥国立自治大学列为墨西哥第一、拉丁美洲前十；其 43,156 名教职人员支撑着 34 个研究所、26 座博物馆与 18 处历史遗址，这般密集的科研设施在国内其他任何大学都无法相比。

• Its international profile has two further pillars, the first being the 1968 Summer Olympics, whose principal events were held inside Ciudad Universitaria, and the second being the student movement of 1968, which began on this campus, so that the university is remembered around the world both as an Olympic venue and as the place where a generation of Mexican politics was formed.学校的国际形象还有两大支柱：其一，1968 年夏季奥运会的主要赛事在大学城举行；其二，1968 年学生运动在此发端。因此，学校在世界范围内既以奥运赛场闻名，也被视为一代墨西哥政治与社会力量的形成之地。

• Public recognition also rests on scale and access, with a budget of 3.1 billion United States dollars in 2025, more than 324,000 students taught directly or through its preparatory schools, and the National Preparatory School and the College of Sciences and Humanities, which serve as the main routes into Mexican public higher education.学校的公共认可同样来自规模与机会：2025 年预算 31 亿美元，直接或通过预科学校培养的学生逾 32.4 万人；公立预科学校与科学与人文学院，是进入墨西哥公立高等教育的主要通道。

Student life

• The motto that animates the university is for my race, shall the spirit speak, written by Jose Vasconcelos when he assumed the rectorship in 1920 within the framework of the Latin American university reform, and he explained it as the conviction that his people would produce a culture of new tendencies and a free spiritual essence.激励这所大学的校训是「以种族来表达我的精神」，由何塞·巴斯孔塞洛斯在 1920 年出任校长、在拉丁美洲大学改革框架下写作；他解释说，这句校训意味着确信本民族将创造出一种具有全新倾向与自由精神本质的文化。

• There is an annual tradition in which the university builds large Day of the Dead offerings across the main square of Ciudad Universitaria, with every school constructing its own altar and a large themed offering at the centre, so that the campus becomes a single open air memorial each November.学校每年都会在大学城主广场上搭建规模巨大的亡灵节祭坛，各学院分别布置自己的祭坛，中央则设置一座按当年校庆主题设计的大型祭坛；每年十一月，整个校园因此化作一座开放的公共追思场所。

• Students and professors at UNAM are regarded throughout Mexico as politically very active, and since 2000 a small building at the School of Humanities has been effectively under the control of an anarcho-communist student group that renamed the Justo Sierra Auditorium after Che Guevara, while the university has also produced prominent figures on the right, including a president and a chancellor.墨西哥上下普遍认为，墨西哥国立自治大学的学生与教师在政治上十分活跃；自 2000 年起，人文学院内的一栋小楼实际上由一个无政府共产主义学生团体掌控，并把胡斯托·谢拉礼堂改名为切·格瓦拉礼堂；与此同时，学校也培养出不少右翼重量人物，包括一位总统与一位校监。

• The university's football club, Club Universidad Nacional, plays in the top division of Mexican football, became consecutive champions of the Apertura and the Clausura in 2004 and uses the University Olympic Stadium as its home ground, while the college side Pumas has played since 1927 and keeps a fierce historic rivalry with the White Eagles of the National Polytechnic Institute, the two being the country's biggest public universities.学校的足球俱乐部「国立大学俱乐部」参加墨西哥足球顶级联赛，2004 年连夺秋季赛与春季赛冠军，主场为大学奥林匹克体育场；校队美洲狮队自 1927 年起征战，与国立理工学院的「白鹰队」保持着激烈的历史对抗——两校都是墨西哥规模最大的公立大学。

• The sports emblem was presented on 20 April 1974 by the rector Guillermo Soberon Acevedo in the Auditorium of the Faculty of Sciences, after a design competition run by Manuel Andrade Rodriguez in which sixteen works were entered and more than 800 sketches were made, and the result is a golden puma face formed from the silhouette of a closed fist on a blue triangle expressing the three pillars of education, research and the diffusion of culture.学校运动标志于 1974 年 4 月 20 日由校长吉列尔莫·索韦龙·阿塞维多在理学院礼堂公布，此前由曼努埃尔·安德拉德·罗德里格斯主持的设计比赛共收到 16 件作品、绘制草图逾 800 张；最终方案是在蓝色三角形上以握拳剪影构成的黄金美洲狮面孔，蓝色三角象征学校的三大支柱——教育、科研与文化传播。

• The puma emblem also serves as the seal of the university sports teams, and in 2013 the British newspaper The Guardian included it in a list of the most remarkable club logos in football, an outside recognition of an identity built inside the campus rather than borrowed from any commercial league.这枚美洲狮标志同时也是学校各运动队的队徽；2013 年英国《卫报》把它列入足球界最具辨识度的俱乐部队徽名单，这是一项来自校外的认可，而这套身份认同完全在校内自行建构，未取自任何职业联赛。

• A tradition of organised student protest runs through the whole history of the university, from the first strike of 1912 over examination methods through the strikes of the mid-1920s that won autonomy and the walkout of 1966 that paralysed the campus, to the strike of 1999 and 2000 which closed Ciudad Universitaria for almost a year and ended only when police entered the occupied buildings on 7 February 2000.有组织的学生抗议传统贯穿学校整个历史：1912 年围绕考试方式的首次罢课、20 世纪 20 年代中期赢得自治的学潮、1966 年使校园瘫痪的罢课，直至 1999 至 2000 年那次把大学城关闭近一年的罢课——直到 2000 年 2 月 7 日警方进入被占据的建筑才告结束。

Notable people

• Justo Sierra, the founder of the university in its modern form, was the minister of education in the Porfiriato government when he signed it into being on 22 September 1910, and his stated purpose was to build a secular and national institution on the ruins of a church university, which explains why the autonomy struggles of the 1920s were framed as a question of academic freedom.现代意义上的学校创办人胡斯托·谢拉，是波费里奥·迪亚斯政府的教育部长，1910 年 9 月 22 日由他促成建校；他公开阐明的目标，是在一所教会大学的废墟上建起世俗、全国性的机构，这也解释了 20 世纪 20 年代的自治斗争为何被界定为学术自由问题。

• Joaquin Eguia y Lis was the first rector of the new university, and Jose Vasconcelos, rector from 1920, designed its coat of arms and wrote its motto, became the best known of the rectors in its first half century and gave the institution the language of the Mexican revolution, of education and culture as the new battleground of the nation.华金·埃圭亚·伊·利斯是新大学的首任校长；1920 年出任校长的何塞·巴斯孔塞洛斯设计校徽、撰写校训，是学校头半个世纪最知名的校长，并赋予这所机构以墨西哥革命的语汇——把教育与文化看作国家的新战场。

• Manuel Gomez Morin, rector in the early 1930s, defended academic freedom against the state's socialist education programme and later gave his name to the school's oldest preparatory college, while Guillermo Soberon Acevedo, a medical researcher and immunologist, was rector and in 1974 presented the university's sports emblem to the students.20 世纪 30 年代初任校长的曼努埃尔·戈麦斯·莫林，以捍卫学术自由对抗国家的社会主义教育方案而著称，学校最古老的预科学院后来以他命名；医学研究者与免疫学家吉列尔莫·索韦龙·阿塞维多曾任校长，并于 1974 年向学生公布了学校的运动标志。

• The university's Nobel laureates are all three of Mexico's, Alfonso Garcia Robles, a diplomat and scholar who received the 1982 Nobel Peace Prize, Octavio Paz, the poet and essayist who received the 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature, and Mario Molina, a physical chemist at the university's institute of chemistry in Mexico City who shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly the chemistry of the ozone layer.该校的诺贝尔奖得主正是墨西哥全部三位：外交家兼学者阿方索·加西亚·罗夫莱斯，1982 年诺贝尔和平奖得主；诗人兼散文家奥克塔维奥·帕斯，1990 年诺贝尔文学奖得主；以及在墨西哥城纯与应用化学研究所任职的物理化学家马里奥·莫利纳，因大气化学、尤其是臭氧层化学方面的研究分享 1995 年诺贝尔化学奖。

• Among the university's teachers are the historians Edmundo O'Gorman, the philosopher Jose Gaos, the historian and Nahuatl scholar Miguel Leon-Portilla, the anthropologist Adolfo Kirchhoff, the political ecologist Enrique Leff, the physicists Manuel Sandoval Vallarta, a specialist in cosmic rays, and Alejandro Corichi, an astrophysicist, together with the architects Max Cetto and the electronic artist Kiyoto Ota.学校教师中包括历史学家埃德蒙多·奥戈尔曼、哲学家何塞·高斯、历史学家兼纳瓦特语学者米耶尔·莱昂-波蒂拉、人类学家保罗·基希霍夫、政治生态学家恩里克·莱夫、物理学家兼宇宙射线专家曼努埃尔·桑多瓦尔·瓦拉塔，以及天体物理学家亚历杭德罗·柯里奇，此外还有建筑师麦克斯·塞托与电子艺术家太田清人。

• Mathematics has a strong tradition in the school's staff, with Monica Clapp, Isabel Hubard Escalera and Florian Luca among the researchers listed, while the exact sciences are represented by Arturo Rosenblueth, the physiologist, and Juan Jose Sanchez Sosa, the psychologist, and the institute of robotics in Mexico was founded by Jesus Savage, a researcher in the field.学校在数学方面有深厚的师资传统，列名的研究者包括莫妮卡·克拉普、伊莎贝尔·哈伯·埃斯卡莱拉与弗洛里安·卢卡；精确科学方面有生理学家阿图罗·罗森布鲁斯与心理学家胡安·何塞·桑切斯·索萨；墨西哥机器人研究所则由该领域研究者赫塞斯·萨维奇创办。

• Political alumni include Carlos Salinas de Gortari, president of Mexico from 1988 to 1994, Miguel de la Madrid, president of Mexico from 1982 to 1988, Abel Pacheco, president of Costa Rica from 2002 to 2006, Alfonso Portillo, president of Guatemala from 2000 to 2004, Jaime Torres Bodet, director general of UNESCO from 1948 to 1952, and Jose Miguel Insulza, the Chilean politician who became secretary general of the Organization of American States.政界校友包括 1988 至 1994 年任墨西哥总统的卡洛斯·萨利纳斯·德戈塔里、1982 至 1988 年任墨西哥总统的米格尔·德拉马德里、2002 至 2006 年任哥斯达黎加总统的阿韦尔·帕切科、2000 至 2004 年任危地马拉总统的阿方索·波蒂略、1948 至 1952 年任联合国教科文组织总干事的海梅·托雷斯·博德，以及出任美洲国家组织秘书长的智利政治家何塞·米耶尔·因苏尔萨。

• Among other notable graduates are Mario Ramon Beteta, Mexico's secretary of finance and public credit from 1975 to 1976, Antonio Carrillo Flores, foreign minister under Gustavo Diaz Ordaz, Narciso Bassols, former dean of the law school and ambassador to Russia, France and the United Kingdom, Javier Corral Jurado, a politician who has also served as head of the National Institute of Electoral Studies, and Jorge Gonzalez Torres, also a politician.其他知名毕业生还有 1975 至 1976 年任墨西哥财政与公共信贷部长的马里奥·拉蒙·贝塔、古斯塔沃·迪亚斯·奥尔达斯任内的外交部长安东尼奥·卡里洛·弗洛雷斯、曾任法学院院长并出使俄罗斯、法国与英国的纳西·索巴索尔斯、也曾领导全国选举研究所的政治家哈维尔·科拉尔·胡拉多，以及同为政治家的豪尔赫·冈萨雷斯·托雷斯。

• Business figures connected with the university include Carlos Slim, the telecommunications and infrastructure magnate, who also sponsored the National Biodiversity Pavilion opened in 2021, and Leonardo Lomeli Vanegas, who is the rector, while the writer Octavio Paz and the novelist Elena Poniatowska are counted among the school's best known literary graduates.与学校相关的商界人物包括电信与基础设施巨头卡洛斯·斯隆——2021 年开放的国家生物多样性馆即由他资助；现任校长莱昂纳多·洛梅利·瓦内加斯也是其中之一；文学家奥克塔维奥·帕斯与小说家埃莱娜·波尼亚托夫斯卡则是该校最知名的文学校友。

• Rodolfo Neri Vela is listed among the university's scholars as an astronaut, and the school's researchers have included the anthropologist Juan Jose Sanchez Sosa, but on the question of Chinese-linked individuals the sources used here record none, and the documented connection with China is institutional rather than personal, through the centre for Mexican studies and for teaching foreigners run jointly with Beijing Foreign Studies University.该校学者中列有宇航员罗道弗·内里·维拉，研究人员还包括巴西生物学家朱利安·萨沃里与人类学家胡安·何塞·桑切斯·索萨。但就华人相关人物而言，本文所依据的资料中并无记载；学校与中国的既有联系是机构性的而非个人性的，即与北京外国语大学合办的墨西哥研究中心与对外教学中心。

• Among those associated with the university as teachers rather than graduates, the list also includes Adolfo Sanchez Vazquez, the Spanish-born philosopher who settled in Mexico, Erich Fromm, the philosopher and psychoanalyst, Larry Laudan, the philosopher of scientific realism, the economist Sara Sefchovich as a writer, Bernardo Sepulveda Amor as a jurist, and the politician Javier Corral Jurado, showing how wide the intellectual range of the staff has been.以教师而非毕业生身份与学校关联的人物中，还有出生于西班牙、定居墨西哥的哲学家阿道夫·桑切斯·瓦茨克斯、哲学家兼精神分析学家埃里希·弗罗姆、科学实在论哲学家拉里·劳丹、作家兼经济学家萨拉·赛夫柯维奇、法学家贝尔纳多·塞普尔韦达·阿莫尔，以及政治家哈维尔·科拉尔·胡拉多——由此可以看出学校教师阵容的思想跨度之大。