Nahrain University

Nahrain University (Arabic: جامعة النهرين), also known as Al-Nahrain University, is a public coeducational university in Baghdad, Iraq, established in 1987 and known as Saddam University until the 2003 invasion of Iraq.纳赫赖因大学（Nahrain University，阿拉伯语：جامعة النهرين），又称 Al-Nahrain University，是伊拉克巴格达的一所公立男女同校大学，1987 年创办，2003 年伊拉克战争之前一直名为萨达姆大学。

It occupies two campuses in central Baghdad and is widely regarded as one of Iraq's leading universities, with about 9,400 students and around 1,700 academic staff.该校在巴格达中部拥有两个校区，被普遍视为伊拉克领先的大学之一，现有约 9,400 名学生与约 1,700 名教师。

It is placed in the 1001-1200 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027 and in the 1801-2000 band of the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, but did not enter the U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 or the Shanghai ARWU 2026.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列 1001-1200 区间，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名位列 1801-2000 区间，但未进入 US News 2026-2027 年度全球最佳大学排名与 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名。

History

• Nahrain University was established in 1987, its name linked to the two great rivers Tigris and Euphrates, between which the ancient civilisations of Mesopotamia arose.纳赫赖因大学创办于 1987 年，其校名取自底格里斯河与幼发拉底河两条大河，两河之间正是美索不达米亚古代文明的发源地。
• From its foundation until the 2003 invasion of Iraq the university was known as Saddam University, after which it took the name Nahrain, meaning the two rivers.自创办至 2003 年伊拉克战争，该校名为萨达姆大学，此后改称 Nahrain，意为「两河」。
• Since 1988 it was considered a private-governmental university, because it was not part of the public university system but was funded and partly controlled by the Office of the President of Iraq.自 1988 年起该校被视为私立-国立大学，因为它不属于公立大学体系，而由伊拉克总统府资助并部分管辖。
• Muthanna Abdul-Jabbar Shanshal served as university president from 1988 to 1994, the earliest head recorded in the university's list of presidents.穆萨纳·阿卜杜勒-贾巴尔·尚沙勒于 1988 至 1994 年任校长，是该校历任校长名录中最早的记载。
• Until 2005 Nahrain operated a special admission process consisting of a rigorous IQ admission examination followed by an interview with the admissions committee, so that very few students were admitted each year and some classes had as few as 20 students.2005 年以前该校实行特殊的招生程序，先进行严格的智力测验，再由招生委员会面试，因此每年录取人数极少，部分班级仅约 20 名学生。
• Nahrain was the first institution in Iraq to implement a semester-based academic year and to offer students the option of a joint bachelor's and master's degree completed in five years.该校是伊拉克第一所实行学期制学年的院校，也是第一所允许学生在五年内完成本硕连读学位的院校。
• Its College of Information Engineering was the first academic institute to offer information engineering studies in Iraq.其信息工程学院是伊拉克第一个开设信息工程专业的学术机构。
• The College of Law was established in 1987, the same year as the university, with departments of public and private law.法学院与该校同年设立——1987 年，下设公法与私法两个系。
• The College of Medicine is based in the Kadhimiya compound on the north bank of the Tigris, and Baghdad's oldest medical school, Baghdad Medical College, dates back to 1927 and trained generations of Iraqi physicians before Nahrain's own medical college was created.医学院设于底格里斯河北岸的卡迪米亚校区；巴格达最古老的医学院巴格达医学院可追溯至 1927 年，在纳赫赖因医学院成立之前已培养数代伊拉克医生。
• Laith Ismail Namiq served briefly as president in 1997, and Mahmoud Hiawi Hammash led the university from 1997 to 2003.莱斯·伊斯梅尔·纳米克于 1997 年短暂担任校长，马哈茂德·希亚维·哈马什则于 1997 至 2003 年领导该校。
• Khaled Ahmed Al-Judi was president from 2003 to 2005, the period that spanned the fall of the previous regime and the renaming of the university.哈立德·艾哈迈德·朱迪于 2003 至 2005 年任校长，这一时期正值旧政权垮台与学校更名。
• In 2007 the President of Iraq, Jalal Talabani, signed a law that officially transferred Nahrain University to the authority of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.2007 年，伊拉克总统贾拉勒·塔拉巴尼签署法律，正式将纳赫赖因大学移交高等教育部与科学研究部管辖。
• To comply with the public university system, Nahrain had to remove its special admission requirements, adopt a regular year-based academic year with only autumn and spring terms, and abolish the five-year joint bachelor's and master's programme.为符合公立大学体系，该校不得不取消特殊招生要求，改用仅含秋季与春季两学期的常规学年制，并废除五年制本硕连读项目。
• Many Iraqi academics protested the decision, since Nahrain's system had been the most unusual in the country and they considered the change a great loss for Iraqi higher education.许多伊拉克学者对这一决定提出抗议，因为该校的学制在全国最为特殊，他们认为这一改变是伊拉克高等教育的重大损失。
• Adnan Saleh Al-Janabi led the university from 2005 to 2011, the years in which the reforms of the public university system were carried out.阿德南·萨利赫·贾纳比于 2005 至 2011 年领导该校，公立大学体系改革正是在这些年推行。
• Since 2007 the university has run a Total Quality Management programme, becoming one of the first Iraqi universities to adopt a quality management system in stages.自 2007 年起该校推行全面质量管理项目，成为最早分阶段引入质量管理体系的伊拉克大学之一。
• Muhammad Jaber Ali was president from 2011 to 2013, followed by Falah Hassan Abdul Hussein Al-Asadi from 2013 to 2014.穆罕默德·贾比尔·阿里于 2011 至 2013 年任校长，法莱赫·哈桑·阿卜杜勒·侯赛因·阿萨迪于 2013 至 2014 年继任。
• Nabil Kazem Abdel-Sahib served as president from 2014 to 2019, and Muhammad Sahib Mahdi from 2019 to 20 September 2020.纳比勒·卡齐姆·阿卜杜勒-萨希卜于 2014 至 2019 年任校长，穆罕默德·萨希卜·马赫迪于 2019 年至 2020 年 9 月 20 日任职。
• Since 20 September 2020 Ali Abdulaziz Abd Ali Alshawi has been president of the university.自 2020 年 9 月 20 日起，阿里·阿卜杜勒阿齐兹·阿卜杜·阿里·沙维任该校校长。
• By 2016 the university comprised nine colleges, one higher institute, four research centres and several research and consultancy units covering medicine, engineering, basic sciences, economics, political science and law.到 2016 年，该校设有 9 个学院、1 个高等研究所、4 个研究中心以及若干科研与咨询单位，涵盖医学、工程、基础科学、经济学、政治学与法学。
• The university states that its role in national development is to supply the governmental and private sectors with specialised graduates in scientific and humanistic fields.该校表示其国家发展职能是为政府与私营部门输送科学与人文领域的专业毕业生。
• Nahrain also emphasises community service through specialised consulting bureaus in medicine, engineering, law, economics, information engineering, sciences, infertility diagnosis, biotechnology and renewable energy.该校还通过医学、工程、法学、经济学、信息工程、理科、不孕症诊断、生物技术与可再生能源等专业咨询机构强调其社会服务职能。

Academics

• The university is organised into nine colleges, a higher institute and four research centres, offering undergraduate and postgraduate education as well as research opportunities.该校由 9 个学院、1 个高等研究所与 4 个研究中心组成，提供本科、研究生教育以及科研机会。
• Its nine colleges are Medicine, Engineering, Science, Information Engineering, Political Science, Law, Business Economics, Applied Biotechnology and Pharmacy.9 个学院分别为医学院、工程学院、理学院、信息工程学院、政治科学学院、法学院、商业经济学院、应用生物技术学院与药学院。
• The university's stated mission is to prepare scientific cadres for the development of intellectual thinking in Iraq and to create its future generation of leaders and think tanks.该校的办学使命是为伊拉克思想发展培养科学人才，并造就未来的领导者与智囊群体。
• Nahrain is widely viewed as one of the best universities in Iraq because of its strict admission requirements, updated curricula and relatively better educational equipment.由于招生严格、课程更新及时且教学设备相对良好，该校被普遍视为伊拉克最好的大学之一。
• In the 2024/25 intake the university enrolled 9,444 students, of whom 83.8 per cent were undergraduates and 16.2 per cent postgraduates.2024-2025 学年该校共有 9,444 名学生，其中本科生占 83.8%、研究生占 16.2%。
• It employs 1,711 academic staff, of whom 98 per cent are domestic and 2 per cent international, and hosts 19 international students.该校有 1,711 名教师，其中 98% 为本国教师、2% 为国际教师，并有 19 名国际学生。
• Research output indexed by OpenAlex amounts to 12,436 works and 122,122 citations, the largest among Iraqi universities in that database.OpenAlex 收录该校 12,436 篇成果与 122,122 次引用，在伊拉克高校中位居前列。
• The College of Law grants bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees through its departments of public law and private law.法学院通过公法系与私法系授予学士、硕士与博士学位。
• Its four research centres are the Biotechnology Research Centre, the Forensic DNA Centre for Research and Training, the Al-Nahrain Nanorenewable Energy Research Centre and the Computer Centre.其 4 个研究中心分别为生物技术研究中心、法庭 DNA 研究与培训中心、纳赫赖因纳米可再生能源研究中心与计算中心。
• The High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies is attached to the College of Medicine and provides clinical training and research.不孕症诊断与辅助生殖技术高等研究所隶属于医学院，提供临床培训与研究。
• Staff of the university have joined 105 scholarships, study leaves and fellowships to obtain higher degrees.该校教职员已获得 105 项奖学金、进修假与研究员资助以攻读更高学位。
• A large number of staff and students have taken part in conferences, workshops and symposia inside Iraq and abroad.大批师生参加了伊拉克国内外的会议、工作坊与研讨会。
• Consulting bureaus in medicine, engineering, law, economics, information engineering, sciences, infertility diagnosis, biotechnology and renewable energy serve government and industry.医学、工程、法学、经济学、信息工程、理科、不孕症诊断、生物技术与可再生能源等咨询机构服务于政府与产业界。
• The university applies a governance system based on transparency, integrity and active partnership, and is introducing e-government tools.该校实行以透明、诚信与积极合作为基础的治理体系，并正在引入电子政务工具。
• Nahrain is a member of the Association of Arab Universities and of the International Association of Universities, and its degrees are recognised by UNESCO.该校是阿拉伯大学协会与国际大学协会的成员，其学位获得联合国教科文组织认可。
• Teaching and research are conducted in Arabic and English, in line with the university's orientation towards international publication.该校以阿拉伯语与英语进行教学与研究，与其面向国际发表的方向一致。
• Postgraduate study at Nahrain leads to master's and doctoral degrees, awarded through its nine colleges, which cover medicine, engineering, science, information engineering, political science, law, business economics, applied biotechnology and pharmacy.该校研究生教育授予硕士与博士学位，由 9 个学院颁授，涵盖医学、工程、理学、信息工程、政治科学、法学、商业经济、应用生物技术与药学。

Campus

• Nahrain University has two campuses in Baghdad, the larger in Al-Jadriya on the south side and a smaller one in Kadhimiya in the north of the city.纳赫赖因大学在巴格达设有两个校区，较大的位于南部的贾德里亚，较小的位于城市北部的卡迪米亚。
• The Al-Jadriya campus lies adjacent to the main campus of the University of Baghdad, at about 33.34 degrees north and 44.40 degrees east.贾德里亚校区毗邻巴格达大学主校区，地理坐标约为北纬 33.34 度、东经 44.40 度。
• The Al-Jadriya complex contains the Colleges of Engineering, Information Engineering, Science, Political Science and Business and Economics, the Institute for Biotechnology Research, the Central Library and the Office of the President.贾德里亚校区包含工程学院、信息工程学院、理学院、政治科学学院与商业经济学院，以及生物技术研究所、中央图书馆与校长办公室。
• The Kadhimiya complex contains the College of Medicine, the College of Law, the College of Pharmacy and the Institute for Embryology and Sterility Research.卡迪米亚校区包含医学院、法学院、药学院以及胚胎学与不育研究所。
• The main campus is listed at P.O. Box 64074, Jadriah, Baghdad, and its postal code is 64074.主校区地址登记为巴格达贾德里亚 64074 号信箱，邮政编码为 64074。
• The Central Library of the university serves both campuses and supports the research mission of the institution, which its official guide describes as caring about quality rather than quantity.该校中央图书馆服务两个校区，支撑学校的科研使命，其官方指南称学校的取向是重质量而非数量。
• The campus infrastructure of staff and laboratories was built up so that the university could offer a scientific environment focused on selectivity and research quality.该校的师资与实验室等校园基础设施的建设，旨在营造一个注重择优与科研质量的学术环境。
• The two campuses together cover the group of colleges and institutes, with medicine, law and pharmacy concentrated in Kadhimiya and the technical colleges in Al-Jadriya.两个校区共同容纳全部学院与研究所，医学、法学与药学集中于卡迪米亚，技术类学院则集中于贾德里亚。
• Baghdad's central location and the campuses' proximity to the University of Baghdad allow academic exchange and shared city infrastructure.巴格达的中央区位以及校区与巴格达大学的邻近，便于开展学术交流并共享城市基础设施。
• The Al-Jadriya campus stands in the same southern Baghdad district as the University of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriyah University, forming part of a dense cluster of colleges, research centres and teaching hospitals in the Iraqi capital.贾德里亚校区与巴格达大学、穆斯坦西里亚大学同处巴格达南部城区，共同构成伊拉克首都密集的学院、研究中心与教学医院集群。

Reputation

• Nahrain University is placed in the 1001-1200 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, a joint-band position in the global table.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，纳赫赖因大学位列 1001-1200 区间，这是其在该全球榜单上的并列区间位次。
• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 it appears in the 1801-2000 band.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校位列 1801-2000 区间。
• It did not enter the U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 or the Shanghai ARWU 2026.该校未进入 US News 2026-2027 年度全球最佳大学排名与 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名。
• The university was ranked 70th in the QS Arab Region Rankings, its strongest regional placement.该校在 QS 阿拉伯地区排名中位列第 70 位，是其最强的区域性名次。
• It was also placed in the 1451-1500 band of the QS Sustainability Ranking.该校还位列 QS 可持续发展排名的 1451-1500 区间。
• In the previous QS World University Rankings 2026 edition it stood in the 951-1000 band, higher than in the 2027 edition.在上一版 2026 年 QS 世界大学排名中该校位列 951-1000 区间，高于 2027 年版。
• OpenAlex records 12,436 research works and 122,122 citations for the university, evidence of a substantial research base.OpenAlex 记录该校 12,436 篇研究成果与 122,122 次引用，显示出可观的科研积累。
• In the QS indicators for 2027 the university scored 97.6 for faculty-student ratio, 16 for employer reputation and 25.2 for international research network.在 QS 2027 的指标中，该校师生比得分 97.6、雇主声誉 16 分、国际研究网络 25.2 分。
• Nahrain praises itself as Iraq's best higher education institute in terms of scientific research and academic discipline.该校自称在科学研究与学术纪律方面是伊拉克最好的高等教育机构。
• Its degrees are recognised by UNESCO, and it holds membership of the Association of Arab Universities and the International Association of Universities.其学位获联合国教科文组织认可，并拥有阿拉伯大学协会与国际大学协会的会员资格。
• The university takes part in European Union Erasmus+ projects and welcomes international students, although its international enrolment remains small, with 19 students recorded in its latest profile.该校参与欧洲联盟 Erasmus+ 项目并接收国际学生，但其国际招生规模仍然很小，最新资料显示仅有 19 名国际学生。

Student life

• Nahrain University has no formal Latin motto, and it expresses its purpose through a stated mission to develop intellectual thinking in Iraq.纳赫赖因大学没有正式的拉丁校训，而是通过「发展伊拉克思想」的办学使命表达自身宗旨。
• The rigorous IQ-based admission examination that lasted until 2005 created a highly selective student body with small teaching groups.持续至 2005 年的严格智力测验招生造就了高度择优的学生群体与小型教学班级。
• As coeducational institution, men and women study together in all its colleges, a feature that the university presents as part of its modern character.作为男女同校的院校，全部学院均实行男女同堂，学校将这一特征视为其现代性的体现。
• Its semester-based academic calendar, the first in Iraq, structures student life around autumn and spring terms.其伊拉克首创的学期制学年安排，使学生的校园生活以秋季与春季两学期为节奏。
• Students take part in conferences, workshops and symposia at home and abroad, supported by the university's research centres.学生在学校各研究中心的支撑下参加国内外的会议、工作坊与研讨会。
• The consulting bureaus of the university involve staff and students in medical, engineering and legal services to the wider community.该校的咨询机构让师生参与面向更广大社区的医学、工程与法律服务。
• The Central Library and the laboratories of the technical colleges provide the main study and research spaces for students.中央图书馆与技术类学院的实验室是学生主要的学习与研究空间。
• The university's quality management policy, running since 2007, shapes student assessment and teaching standards.自 2007 年实施的全面质量管理政策塑造着学生的考核与教学标准。
• Because admission was historically restricted and classes were kept to about 20 students, Nahrain developed a close-knit teaching culture in which staff and students work together in its research centres and consulting bureaus.由于历史上招生受限、班级规模约 20 人，纳赫赖因形成了紧密的教学文化，师生在学校的各研究中心与咨询机构中共同工作。

Notable people

• Ali Abdulaziz Abd Ali Alshawi has been president of Nahrain University since 20 September 2020.阿里·阿卜杜勒阿齐兹·阿卜杜·阿里·沙维自 2020 年 9 月 20 日起担任纳赫赖因大学校长。
• Muthanna Abdul-Jabbar Shanshal was the earliest recorded university president, serving from 1988 to 1994.穆萨纳·阿卜杜勒-贾巴尔·尚沙勒是最早见于记载的校长，于 1988 至 1994 年在任。
• Mahmoud Hiawi Hammash led the university from 1997 to 2003, the years before the fall of the previous regime.马哈茂德·希亚维·哈马什于 1997 至 2003 年领导该校，即旧政权垮台前的数年。
• Khaled Ahmed Al-Judi served as president from 2003 to 2005, during the period when the university was renamed Nahrain.哈立德·艾哈迈德·朱迪于 2003 至 2005 年任校长，正值该校更名为纳赫赖因的时期。
• Adnan Saleh Al-Janabi was president from 2005 to 2011 and oversaw the move to the public university system.阿德南·萨利赫·贾纳比于 2005 至 2011 年任校长，主持了转入公立大学体系的进程。
• Nabil Kazem Abdel-Sahib, an engineering professor, was vice-chancellor and president from 2014 to 2019.工程学教授纳比勒·卡齐姆·阿卜杜勒-萨希卜于 2014 至 2019 年任校长。
• Muhammad Sahib Mahdi was president from 2019 to 20 September 2020.穆罕默德·萨希卜·马赫迪于 2019 年至 2020 年 9 月 20 日任校长。
• Jalal Talabani, President of Iraq from 2005 to 2014, signed the 2007 law transferring the university to the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.贾拉勒·塔拉巴尼（2005 至 2014 年任伊拉克总统）签署了 2007 年将该校移交高等教育部与科学研究部的法律。
• Saddam Hussein, the Iraqi president whose name the university carried from 1987 to 2003, is bound up with the institution's contested early history.萨达姆·侯赛因是 1987 至 2003 年间该校所冠名的伊拉克总统，该校早期这段有争议的历史与之紧密相关。
• Ahmed Albasheer, a television presenter, comedian and satirist, is an alumnus of the university.电视主持人、喜剧演员与讽刺作家艾哈迈德·阿尔巴希尔是该校校友。
• Faiq M. S. Al-Zwainy, a professor of construction engineering, works at the Forensic DNA Centre for Research and Training of the university.建设工程教授法伊克·M. S. 兹瓦伊尼在该校法庭 DNA 研究与培训中心任职。
• Hajeer Adnan Zaki, who holds a doctorate in economics and a degree in law, is dean of the College of Business Economics at Al-Nahrain University.拥有经济学博士学位与法学学位的哈吉尔·阿德南·扎基，任纳赫赖因大学商业经济学院院长。